FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE
UNITED NATIONS
DEVELOPMENT OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE
^^2 for the
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r
■
DABOUS AREA-HHii
TECHNICAL PR
(=)
AGRAR- UND HYDROTEOHNIK GMBH CON.Z'JtUNG ENGINEERS  N i.TW :Y
rFOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE
UNITED NATIONS
DEVELOPMENT OF
IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE
FOR THE
DABOUS AREA-ETHIOPIA
TECHNICAL PROPOSAL
AGRAR- UNO HYDROTECHNIK GMBH
CONSULTING ENGINEERS ■ESSFN ’GERMANY
APRIL 1980AGRAR- UND
HYDROTECHNIK
GMBH | j
Boratende Ingenieure
AGRA* UNO HYDROTEC MN IK GWBM POSTFACH ’3 5112 ■ MJ ESSEN I
The Director
Administrative Services Division
Tplafon 12701)5016-1
Food         and         Agricultural         Organisation of the United Nations
Via delle Termc di Caracalla
D-urcfr**M"Nr. 20lfl-
Ttiffgrnmn*. AGRARTfCH ESSEN
Tel<« 857 5=7 art Id
Rome 00100 
/ Italy
llh r
HIV Stfvg b<in warn
Unaflf ZnlCfen
A-MD/Th.
Muy»Mrftliw<9*-$e AM» Essen 1
(
31st March 19 80
Re:
Proposal        for        a        Feasibility        Study 
in
Dabous             Valley,             Ethiopia Ref. NO. (DP/ETH/78/013-2/AGOA \
1 
A PS REGISTRY
-8 APR 1580
Dear Sirs ,
We thank you for your invitation, dated February 18th 
to submit a proposal for a feasibility study for the Dabous
Valley, Ethiopia.
A representative of AHT visited Addis Ababa in March 1980 and from our visit much data and local information was obtained and this has been considered in this proposal.
Resource Management Research will cooperate as subcontractor in this project, should we be awarded the contract. R.M.R. has
wide experience in East Africa in the fields of ecology and 
relevant subjects and the availability of their light aircraft
during the planning phase will greatly enhance the scope and flexibility of the study.
The world-wide experience of AHT in the field o£ multidisciplinary development projects, together with RMR's specialized knowledge guarantees a proper execution of the study along the lines set
out in our proposal. We wish to express our sincere appreciation for your invitation and are ready to discuss any details with you or provide further explanations you might require.
- 2 -
C**«ll'id*al1vr d»r Cairlficfia Projafal Uniaft GmbH,
6aaifVfi*bind'd BQ-sri
Tri-hiiii A GvrbMrdi. Finn. Ktc XiiaiJflW, BL7 3«QM0to
SWi ft jMtbimi
Gsaohlfitruhew      ■      Jtrfsfcnnvs      Wahrntinn,      Pr.      EBsrr.hafd      Frhr.fari
FalkernhaUMra
OiuibdMB Bink AG. E*wn Klo, IDO-5339, HLZ MO?OQ»
TU&D CE DC 56Q
Si1.iT tor Gsislls-nhaH Essen
Comrn-brxbMrk AG. Fswn, Kte. *15252, BL2
t
DEUT DE DE SEO
Eingelran»n m Hines.titg-swr scs Aniisuutitrils fiwn at: B Nr. zg»
Dr*un«f Bunk AG, Essen, kiq. 407Hiq, flu 3KKO6O
co a a de bn -JjO
ORES DE FF HOBhtt
The Director
Administr. Services Div.9 FAO
AGRAR- UND
HYDROTECHN1K
GMBH
31.3.1980
We hope that the propose work programme will find your approval, and we assure you of our willingness to render services of the highest professional standard.
Yours
faithfully
AGRAR- UND HYDROTECE
(G. van Wlssen)
(H. Verhoeven)TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
PART A
1.        introduction
2.        Presentation of the Consultants
ANNEX 1 Specific Project References
PART B
3.        The Project
3.1      The Project Area
3.2      Summary of Terms of Reference
3.3      Comments on Terms of Reference
3. Plan of Work and Scope of Services
4.1      General Approach
4.2      Reconnaissance Survey
4.3      Preparation of Planning Data
4.3.1        Mobilization
4.3.2        Sociological Survey
4.3.3        Soil Survey
4.3.4        Geotechnical Investigations
2
4
4 5
10 1
13
14
16
17
17 1 e
22
4.3.5 
Topographical Survey
4.3.6 
Hydrology and Meteorology
4.3.7 
Agronomy and Agro-Economy
4.3.8 
irrigation and Drainage
4.3.9 
Infrastructure
4.3.10 
Ecology and Erosion Control
23
23
25
27
20
29
4.4      Preparation of Development Alternatives 4.5      Feasibility Planning
4.5.1 
Agricultural Planning
4.5.2 
Irrigation Planning
33
36
4.5.3 
Settlement Planning
4.5.4 
Physical and Social Infrastructure
38
40
4.5.5 
Market Analysis, Market Systems
and Prices
40
4.5.6 
Organization and Management
41
4.5.7  implementation Programme/Phasing
4.5.8        Economic Evaluation
42
435* Organization and Performance of Services
5.1      Work Programme and          Personnel Assignment Schedule
5.2       The Project Team /              Backstopping 
5.3       Reporting 
5.4       Facilities / Equipment and Transport PART C
Curricula Vitae
Page No. 4 7
^7
48
51
S3
JPART A1
1. Introduction
This proposal is submitted in response to a written invitation 
by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to three consulting engineering firms, calling for their offers
for carrying out a Feasibility Study of agricultural develop
ment in the Dabous Area of the Dabous Valley, Wollega Province, Ethiopia.
The present proposal has been prepared in keeping with the re quirements set out in the Terms of Reference issued by FAO, as fully reproduced in Chapter 3.2 following, and reflects in its other chapters the Consultants’ understanding of the assignment, in the light of their knowledge and experience.
The scope of the required Feasibility Study, and a statement of the tasks to be undertaken by the Consultant, both in the field and at their headquarters, are set out in Chapter 4, and are shown in an accompanying Schedule of Operations and Critical Path Network.
Among their duties, the Consultants' tasks will include a new soil survey of the Dabous area, setting up of a meteorological station, a survey of the agricultural situation and of the
socio-economic conditions in the area, determination of the area's agro-economic potential, and development proposals for irrigated and rainfed agriculture in suitable parts of the Project Area.
The personnel that will be detailed for the Feasibility Study will be made up of staff members of Agrar- und Hydrotechnik. For the ecology, RMR are the subcontractors and are specialists in their respective disciplines, whose work will be guided 
by the Consultants' leading head office personnel. The name of the head of the firm and of the specialists who will
be assigned to the study will be found in Chapter 5.2 of this proposal, which also contains a Staff Assignment Schedule. The qualifications, experience and- ii -
personal history of all heads and staff members of the joint companies are given in alphabetical order in the set of Cur ricula Vitae contained in PART C  at the end of this proposal.
t
A representative of Agrar- und Hydrotechnik visited Ethiopia from 15th to 19th March, 1980. During this time valuable dis cussions were held with FAO of VADA staff as to the nature of the Project.
For the execution of the Feasibility Study the Consultants request that certain equipment, facilities and services be
provided for the study teams by FAO/VADA as its counterpart services. A list of these services will be found in Chapter 5.4.
Particulars of the consultant firm - AHT - are given in
Chapter 2, descriptions of some of their past and present pro jects will be shown in ANNEX 1.
In the course of the Feasibility Study, estimated to require 64 man months of time, reviewing sessions with the authorities will
take place at appropriate stages to report on the work in pro gress and to obtain further directives as to its continuation.2
2.                  Presentation of the Consultants
2 . 1               A g r ar- u n d _ H yd_ro t e c h n 1 k Gmb H
Agrar- and Hydrotechnik GmbH is an independant consulting company. Since its foundation in I960, AHT has grown into a consulting 
firm of international reputation and worldwide affiliations.
When the company was founded, it employed five experts in tropi
cal agriculture. Since then it has developed into a consulting 
group employing over 200 experts in all branches of the natural, technical, economic and social sciences.
The main activities of the company are in the developing coun
tries- The clients are German authorities, national governments
and international organizations such as IBRD, UNDP, FAO, EEC, OECD, WHO, ADD and UNIDO.
The company's declared poLicy has always been to view development projects as integrated operations requiring close teamwork and 
1
interdisciplinary action. Therefore, AHT s experts place great emphasis on cooperation between various professional groups.
Integrated studies, i.e. the grouping of several scientific dis
ciplines to carry out surveys and development plans for entire regions and river basins, have always been considered as AHT's speciality. The company’s activities encompass all phases of
such studies:
project identification;
- fact finding (survey and assessment of national and agro-
socio-economic resources);
planning (agronomic, economic and technical planning); economic evaluation (feasibility study); realization and implementation (execution of works, tech nical control, inspection, management during initial period, training of local counterparts) .Of course AHT is also  able phases individually  and  to 
to very specific problems.
- 2 (i)
to      deal      with      any      of      these      different carry out smaller projects relating
Those experts who are not on missions provide follow-up and sup port services for projects, including the training of junior
experts; in addition, thr*y may also receive further training themselves. A high level of expertise is assured by a continuous exchange of experience and knowledge between experts both inside the company and out. Experts are encouraged to maintain close personal contacts with their universities and frequently short term consultants are hired from scientific institutions (universi
ties, public institutes) in various countries to work with AHT
teams.
For all major projects, advisory panels are established, prima
rily composed of university lectures and professors, who act
as scientific advisors and reviewers.
AHT makes extensive use of modern working and management tech niques. Computers arc used where applicable and a wide range
of programmes is available for technical and economic computa tions. Many of these programmes arc prepared by AHT' s own experts. Frequently, the use of mathematical models allows the effective
and rational analysis of complex problems* Network planning is employed to ensure complete control of project work.
AHT’s staff members are qualified to carry out investigations and to recommend appropriate solutions to almost al] the problems generally related to development projects, including:
- Identification and formulation of development projects, Integrated regional surveys,
Natural resources surveys and analyses, EcoLogical investigations and mapping, Determination of regional development potentials,- 2 (ii}
—   Appraisal of marketing potentials at regional, national and international level,
■” Planning, of development schemes and their coordination with national development plans,
-      Economic evaluation of development projects,
—  Determination of priorities In implementing development measures in accordance with national objectives resulting from economic plans or political decisions,
Preinvestment and feasibility studies for all types and parts of development projects,
-      Agro-economic, technical and organizational advice to local authorities in charge of executing development pro jects.
The proven experience of AHT's senior staff in overseas develop ment projects, together with the use of modern planning methods, provides the base for the AHT approach, for its effectiveness
and realism in programming and for its reliability in the exe cution of development projects.- 2 (Lil)
The AH? Gro'-ip
Shareholders
Agrar- und Hydrotechnik GmbH (AHT)
Bankhaus Trlnkaus & Burkhardt  Dusseldorf-Es^en
f
Dresdner Bank AG. Essen
Board of Advisors
Dr. D.W. v. Menges, Vorsitzef
Dr. F. Sonneveld, stellv. Vorsitzer (b.30.9.78) Drs* T.J. van Dijk
Dr. W. Graf v.d. Schulenburg
Genera1 Di rec tors
Dipl.-Ing* J.C.J. Mohrmann
Dr. jur. H. Freiherr v. Falkenhausen
Shareholders
Abwassertechnik GmbH (AT)
Agrar— und Hydrotechnik GmbH
General Directors
Dipl<-Ing. J.C.J. Mohrmann
Dr. H.-F. Bollmann
Abfal1lechnik GmbH (AF)
■#
Shareholders
Agrar— und Hydrotechnik GmbH
General Directors
Dipl.-Ing. J.C.J. Mohrmann
Dr. H.-F. Bollmann
Deutsche Projekt Union GmbH (dpu)
Shareholders
Planer - Ingenieure
Agrar- und Hydrotechnik GmbH Deutsche Projekt Union GmbH, Koeln
General Directors
Dipl.-Ing. J.C.J. .Mohrmann
Dipl»-Ing. O.F. Wahnschafft
Branch Offices in Germany of AMT. AT, AFT 6500 Mainz, Alfred-Nobel-Str. 7a
Dr.-Ing. R. Schneider
BOOQ Munchen, Sendlinger-Tcr-Platz 11 Dipl.-Ing* J.M. Muller-2 (iv)
1978 SYNOPSIS
In L97B the AHT-Group was once again able to increase its turn—
over, surpassing its
divisions were - each
I 7 b re cord 1 e v e 1. . The o ve r se a s a nd denies 11 c in their own fields - equally successful.
Returns on projects were not, however, always satistactory. In particular overseas business was affected by the high costs in Germany and by unfavourable exchange rates which force any expor ter to apply the tightest possible price calculations. Losses
resulted from exchange rate fluctuations. Nevertheless! the over
all balance achieved was positive.
The increased turnover/performance over 1977 brought about a corresponding increase in staff- Generally the usage of stall
was satisfactory - by the end of the year the AHT-Group employed 204 permanent staff. Above this a total of 42 staff were employed on a temporary basis, some of them more than once during the course of the year. The temporary staff were mainly employed abroad, in both long, medium and in short-term missions.
A total, of 126 staff were assigned to projects overseas in 1979;
of this number, 69 were engaged in long and medium-term missions. This total dues not Include the staff involved in project nego- ciations, project acquisition and in backstopping missions. 47%
of the AHT staff hold a university degree and 20% hold qualifica tions from a technical college or similar Institute of higher education.
Many staff members attended training and refresher courses, in cluding language courses held in the Group’s Essen head office.
As in previous years, members of the AHT-Group participated in various national and international seminars and committees. Spe cial mention should be made of the Association of Independent Consulting Firms (Verband unabhanglg beratender Ingenieurfirmen e.V., VUBI) and of the European Committee of Engineering Firms
1
(Comite Europeen des Bureaux d Ingenierie , CEBI).
*- 2 (v)
Pcrsonne I:
On 31sr December 1973 the staff of the group comprised:
Tropical             and             subtropical livestock experts
Fores try experts
Civil and hydraulic engineers
Sanitary and refuse engineers
Pedoiogi sts
Land reclamation/irrigation
and drainage engineers
Hydrologists  geologists  geohydrologists
agriculturalists, 
including 
t
t
Processing              engineers, workshop supervisors
Water chemist
Surveyors
Economists
Regional planners Sociologists
System analysts
Other disciplines
Technical and auxiliary staff Secretaries, translators Administrative staff Personnel administration Total
agricultural
engineers, 
42
3
39
14
7
16
6
12
1
4
16
3
3
2
2
31
22
lg
7
246- 2 (Vi)
Umnj»ti/Lolilung   dcr   AHT-Gruppc in Mio. DM
(ab 1975 ohric FabnksproickLe)
Turnaver/pcrfarmance <4 the AHT-graup in million, DM
(from 1975 onward factory project cir.luded)3
Resource Mar.agep.pnt and Research (RMR)
RMR arc a London based group of consultants specializing in ecological and natural resource studies* Additional to their specialist knowledge RMR have an established record of working within East Africa for a number of Governments and Internatio nal Agencies- These include an FAO project in Tanzania, World Bank projects in Rwanda, a livestock survey of Sudan and a study in the Ethiopia Highlands for the Ministry of Agriculture in Addis Ababa, As well as the principal office in London, RMR also maintain offices in Nairobi and Khartoum, the company using extensively its own aircraft in project studies.B O L I V I A
1970 - 1976
Agricultural Development and Settlement., in the Abano Izozog Region
The project consisted of two phases. During phase one, various basic investigations and studies were conducted to ascertain the potential for settlement of the region. These investig- ations included among others:
- soil survey
detailed
semi-detai          led reconnaissance
2,300 hectares 15,000 hectares
350,000 hectares
-   ecological survey: 2,000,000 hectares;
-   hydro-climatological observations of the Rio Grande and
Rio Parapeti catchment areas;
-   agro-climatological investigations of the Chaco plain;
-   hydrogeological survey of 55,000 square kilometers of the
Chaco plain including
-   well drilling and pumping tests
-   groundwater flow
-   groundwater quality
-   water balance
-   irrigation tests and planning;
-   agro- and socio-economic surveys;
During  the second  phase,  emphasis shifted  more towards the establishment of a 4  50  hectares pilot farm for rainfed  and irrigated  agriculture,  preparation  of settlement units,  as well as technical and  administrative infrastructure,  while the basic investigations were continued.
Employer:
Financed by:
FAO UNDPBOLIVIA
Feasibility Study and Demonstration of Agro-Industrial
Development in the Abapo Region ______________________________________ .
- pane 2 -
5.      Hydrogeological survey of 55.000 km2 in the C'naco plain t
including
-     supervision of well drilling and pumping tests
-      groundwater flow (piezometric maps)
-     groundwater quality
-     water balance
6.      irrigation tests and planning
pilot farm and sub-stations
-     general development area
area of feasibility study
7.      Agro- and Socio-economical study
Macro-economical aspects of the Project Area related to 
the Departamento of Sta.Cruz, Bolivia, the Andine States, 
South America and World Market.
Agro-economical studies and evaluations of the pilot farm. 
Sociological studies with respect to man-power and settlement
The project has now reached a stage which makes it possible to 
put more emphasis on aspects of regional develooment and on 
feasibility investigations. The staff employed in the project
comprises 25 experts for a total of 265 man months.
The      work      is      carried      out      in      close      cooperation      with      an      organization of the Bolivian Government established for this oroject.
Employer;
Financed
FAO, Roire tKJDPBOLIVIA
feasibility Study and Demonstration o* Agro-Industrial Development in the Abano Izozoq Recion
The project comprises the regional development of an area of 7.500 km2 in eastern Bolivia, Dcpartamento of Sta.Cruz. It is located in the Chaco, a natural dry forest area. The project includes the following activities:
1970 - 1974
1.      Establishment     and     generation     of     a     oilot     farm     -     approx.     450     ha and     up     to     three     sub-stations     of     50     ha     each     including     agricul tural planning, lifestock introduction and observation.
2.      A natural resources survey in the area between the subandinc mountains, the Rio Grande, Rio Parapeti and the Banados de Izozoq inducing:
soil survey - detailed 2 300 ha
-   semi-detailed 15.000 ha
-   reconnaissance 350.000 ha ecological survey 2.000.000 ha
3.      Hydrological invesderations and gaging of the Rio Grande and Rio Parapeti
4.      climatological investigations and observations for
hydro-climatology (catchment areas of Rio.Grande and Rio Parapeti)
agro-cliratoloay (Chaco slain)BOLIVIA
Feasibility         Study         and         Demonstration         of         Agro-Industrial
DeveIopment ir. the Abapo Region
~ page 2 -
5.      Hydrogeological      survey      of      55*000      km2      in      the      Chaco      olain, including
supervision of well drilling and pumping tests
groundwater flow (piezometric maps)
groundwater quality
water balance
6- Irrigation tests and planning 
pilot farm and sub-stations
general development area
area of feasibility study
7. Aqro- and Socio-economical study
Macro-economical aspects of the Project Area related to
the Departamen to of Sta.Cruz, Bolivia, the Andine States, 
South America and World Market.
Agro-economical studies and evaluations of the oilot farm. 
Sociological studies with respect to man-power and settlement
The project has now reached a stage which makes it possible to 
put more emphasis on aspects of rcqional development and on 
feasibility investigations. The staff emoloycd in the project
comprises 25 experts for a total of 265 man months.
The work  is carried  out in  close cooneration  with  an  organization 
□f the Bolivian Government established for this project.
Employer:                         FAO, Rore
Financed by:                     UNDP
Contract Value:                3,5 million          DMB Q L 1 V I A
p r o j e c t _ de s i_gnt ion:
Rcgional Development Project and Hydroelectric Generating Ration at the_Rio_Grar.de ~ Rositss
Country: Bo Livia
Project_Durations August 1974 - July 1976
Project Description:
The        engineering        services        consist        in a feasibility study which comprises
schemes:
- water resources and storage basin at the Rio Grande, storage volume
1 974        1 976
the preparation of
the following individual
planning for a dam
11,000 mil 1 ion m3 ;
-   energy study on the basis of a study connected with 
a hydroelectric generating station for the supply of
water to Santa Cruz;
-   study on flood protection measures;
-   study on the irrigation of agricultural areas in the
Chaco area, over 350,000 ha;
-   study on the occurrence of ground water.
The       contract       for       the       preparation       of       the       feasibility       study was allocated by the Government, of Bolivia to the consortiumBechtel Co., San Francisco, USA, Agrar- und Hydrotcchnik GmbH, Essen, Germany, and Prudencio Clare, La Paz, Bolivia. Within 
the framework of this study Agrar- und Hydrotechnik is respon sible for undertaking agricultural planning, planning of the irrigation system, including the necessary survey work, planning of the processing industry for agricultural products, ground water investigations and the preparation of soil maps. A fea sibility study on project plans will be prepared.
Employer:
Financed by:
Government of Bolivia IBRDCOUNTRY
Ethiopia
LOCATION
Wollo Province
name of project
Kobo-Alar.ata Agricultural Development Programme
BRIEF DESCRIPTION :
Feasibility Study and Implementation of
a development programme for a project area
of 750 square kilometers with 100.000 people affected by cyclic droughts
, 
MAIN ACTIVITIES             Collection of data on the conditions of
land tenure, settlement, fanning system, livestock/marketing structure;
idrmulation of detailed project proposals - mainly involving measures for an increase in the production of cereals, oilseeds and leguminosae;
extension service and training,
support of Service Cooperation, seed multi plication;
rat control and plant protection;
marketing for the livestock sector; emergency reserves;
operation of an experimental programme; soil protection;
project planning, coordination and evaluation an agricultural experimental station and a road construction unit arc currently being established.
PROJECT VALUE          :  0.8 million US              Dollar CONTRACT VALUE     :  0.6 million US              Dollar EMPLOYER: German Agency for Technical Cooperation Ltd. FINANCED BY_______ :  German Technical Assistance ASSOCIATED FIRNS     :  German Consult
YEAR
1975 - 1978INDONESIA
Pekalen Sampe an Irrigation Rehabilitation Project
The Government of the Republic of Indonesia contracted the joint firms Harza Engineering Company International and Agrar- und Hydrotechnik for the engineering works. The project is located in the most eastern part of the island of Java and comprises about 230.000 ha.
The responsibilities of the Consultants are:
preparation of specifications and schedules for aerial photography, topographic surveys, and mapping, and deter mination of areas requiring such coverage;
preparation of a schedule for the rehabilitation program, giving priority to urgently needed improvements and providing for a coordinated sequence of activities;
review and prepare design criteria, guidelines, and stand ards for all types of design, and prepare drafting stand ards for design drawings;
investigation of existing canals and structures and pre paration of required designs, specifications, cost estimates, and work schedules;
preparation of program for systematic collection of water stage, discharge, and sediment concentration in the river, canal and drainage systems, training and supervision of local personnel in the works of this program;
1972 - 1976INDONESIA
- page 2
inspection, or tertiary and quaternary canals, identification 
of rehabilitation needs to bo done by farmers, location of
permanent structures, preparation of standard designs, 
specifications, cost estimates and work schedules for these
structures;
survey       and       investigation       of       roads,       bridges       and       culverts,       pre paration of specifications for their rehabilitation;
assistance in prequalification of contractors, preparation 
of tender documents, evaluation of blds, recommendation for the award, certification of contractor’s progress payments;
assistance in the preparation of tender documents, in the timely procurement and efficient deployment of equipment and services;
assistance in the supervision of rehabilitation and con struction works;
advise on operation and maintenance of the irrigation systems preparation of manuals and rules, establish necessary in stallations for control and data collection, preparation of
a programme for periodic checking of structures and canals;
advise on crop diversification, on marketing possibilities, on improved cultivation methods, on utilization of improved production means, and on agricultural extension;
preparation of a feasibility study for an area of about 15.000 ha presently not irrigated.INDONESIA-
page 3
For the Consultants* services 400 man-months are scheduled 
at a cost of about 2.5 million US? in foreign and local
currency. The works are performed jointly and in close co operation with the personnel of the local project office.
Employer:                         Government of the Republic of Indonesia
Financed by:                     Credit from International Development Association (IDA)LIBERIA
Integrated Rural Development Programme, Nimba County
The programme serves the integrated, multisectoral development of an area of smallholder farmland in the North-east of Liberia. Apart from the main development aims, i.e. improvement of the agricultural production and the land tenure situation, it en visages measures to improve the social and physical infrastructure and to strengthen the rural trade.
In connection with the limited resources - in particular the lack of manpower - a phased implementation was suggested. Out of the entire programme area was selected a phase I project area to start the essential agricultural production measures. A feasibility 
study was conducted for this area with about three thousand part icipating smallholders. The planned improvements include the in troduction of swamp rice cultivation, stabilization and improve ment of upland rice production, improvement of coffee and cocoa production with emphasis on better processing techniques, intro duction of cashew nut cultivation, and livestock farming.
After a three-year period these measures are to be extended to the whole programme area, while incorporating also non-agricul- tural measures such as health protection (schistosomiasis control in connection with extended swamp rice cultivation), education and training, road construction (specially farm-to-market roads) , potable water supply and sanitary facilities, strengthening the position of rural traders and artisans through.among others,credit facilities.
Implementation of the single recommendations and programmes should lie with the existing administration, as it is an essential target of the project to augment the efficiency and capabilities of these institutions-
1978N E P A L
1971 - 1972 1975 - 1980
Chitwan Valley Development Projects
Agrar— und Hydrotechnik GmbH conducted the feasibility study 
and assisted with the preparation of the final design and 
tender document as well as with construction supervision 
for the development of an area of 19,000 hectares in the
Chitwan Valley.
The      aims      of      these      projects      are      the      establishment      of      an      irrig ation system allowing continuous cropping throughout the
year, the improvement of livestock fanning by recommending suitable breeds and management practices, the establishment of a pilot farm and the necessary extension of the road net work .
Activities in pursuance of these aims included: topographical surveys; climatological, hydrological and hydrogeological investigations; planning and design of pumping stations, diversion weirs, irrigation canals and drains; review of agricultural conditions and recommendations for improvement; estimate of agricultural inputs and credit requirements; economic analysis of costs and revenues; assistance in design, preparation of tender documents, and construction supervision.
Employer:                Government of Nepal
Financed by:                                        Asian Development Bank5 U D A N
1974          1976
■Feasibility Study tor Mechanised Agriculture in West_Sudan (planning for 400,000 tia£ area to be studied - 3 million ha)
The contract for the study was awarded to AHT by the Mechanised Farming corporation after an international invitation to tender. 
It involves the investigation of an area of 3 million ha, 
situated on the borders of the three western provinces, South Dafur, South Kordofan and Banr el Ghazal *
Tne study is to comprise investigations into the natural resources (soil, vegetation, climate, groundwater, population, infrastructure), the working out of a Master Plan for 400,000.ha of mechanised agriculture with special regard to cattle husbandry, and an analysis of profitability.
The    work    is    to    be    carried    out    by    a    total with 5 Sudanese experts.
of 13 AHT experts,
together
Client: Mechanised Farming Corporation
Financing Agent:                                             World Bank
Contract Value:                                                700,C00 US 3s   U D a N
Feasibility Study for MeehanAar;
1974         1976
•
(planning for 400,000 ha;
E
------------       ------ ------------ ----- - 3 million ha)
aro
^T
A
9.
The contract for the study was awarded to AHT by the Mechanised 
Farming Corporation after an international invitation to tender. 
It involves the investigation of an area of 3 milliori ha,
situated       on       the       borders       of       the       three       western       provincesr          South Dafur, Soutn Kordofan and Banr el Ghazal.
The study is to comprise investigations into the natural resources (soil, vegetation, climate, groundwater, population, infrastructure), 
the working out of a Master Plan for 400,000 .ha of mechanised agriculture with special regard to cattle husbandry, and an analysis of profitability.
The     work     is     to     be     carried     out     by     a     total with 5 Sudanese experts.
of 13 AE:T experts,
together
Client; financing Agent;
Mechanised Farming Corporation World Bank
Contract Value:                                                 700,000 US $s U D a N
Agricultural Development Programme for the Nuba Mountains
The Project comprised four phases, i.e. a pre-feasibility study, 
a resources survey to define the development potential of the selected project area, a feasibility study for a pilot project, 
and a masterplan for rural development.
Within the framework of the pre-feasibility study, the most suitable of a number of alternative projects had to be selected 
in the savannah belt of the Sudan. This selection, done by means of an impact analysis, revealed that a project in the Nuba Mountains would promise the best results.
The survey of the development potential of the Nuba Mountains covered an area of 13,000 square kilometers. It comprised detailed investigations into:
-   natural resources (soils, water, climate, vegetation) ;
-   human resources;
-   physical and social infrastructure.
Out of the above mentioned 13,000 square kilometers an area of approximately 3,200 square kilometers was considered suitable for large scale agricultural development. An area of 200 hectares was selected for the development of a pilot scheme. The condition for an area to be selected as a pilot area was that it should be, 
in almost all aspects, representative for the total area to be developed. This would allow for implementation models to be de veloped that would be applicable to the whole area.
1975 - 19772
The feasibility study to be prepared for the Pilot Project in cluded proposals for:
-   the improvement of agricultural production through the intro duction of mechanization, improved varieties, etc.;
-   the diversification of agricultural production through the introduction of new cash crops;
-   the improvement of livestock production on an experimental basis;
-   the improvement of agricultural services such as credit and input supply, extension, marketing, etc.;
-   the Improvement of the physical infrastructure. For this part of the study tender documents had to be elaborated.
Under the assumption that positive results to be achieved by the Pilot Project would allow for an expansion of the proposed activities into a larger area, a masterplan for rural development was prepared for a total net productive area of 75,000 hectares involving 7,500 farmers. The masterplan will form the basis for a sequential implementation of rural development measures on five spatially separated units 7,500 to 22,500 ha in extent.
Emp loye r; Financed by:
German Agency for Technical Cooperation Ltd. German Technical Assistance1,77 - l»7?
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tCOUNTRY_______________
rgCAfiON_________ _ ________
yxMF OF PROJECT_______ __
Sudan
Nuba Region, Southern Kordofan Prefeasibility Study, Natural Resources Survey, Pilot Project and Masterplan for Rural Development
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
Selection of the most suitable of a
number of alternative projects for
agricultural production in the savannah 
belt (prefeasibility study). A project
in the Nuba Mountains Region was chosen. The survey of the development potential of an area of 13,000 km , of which approximately 3,200 km  was considered suitable for large scale agricultural development. An area of 200 ha was se lected for the development of a pilot scheme and a feasibility study was pre pared as well as a masterplan for rural development for a total net productive area of 75,000 ha involving 7,500 farmers.
J
MAIN ACTIVITIES
The testing of whether and how far the
alternative projects would meet the
development requirements of the country 
in order to select the most suitable
project was done by impact analysis
(prefeasibility study).
The         development         potential         survey         comprised detailed investigations into:
-      natural resources
human resources
physical and social infrastructure.
The       feasibility       study       for       a       pilot       project included proposals for the:
improvement of agricultural pro duction through the introduction 
of mechanization, improved varieties etc.
-     diversification of agricultural pro duction through the introduction of new cash crops
improvement of livestock production on an experimental basis improvement of agricultural services such as credit, input supply, ex tension, marketing, etc.
-      improvement of the physical infra structure (including preparation of tender documents) .. th® assumption that positive results
all - * ki
c
eve <3 by the Pilot Project would 
ans
axxow tor an ean xpa  GXPnsion of the oroposed 
activib^oe. 4-*-- _ 
-
- vities into a larger area a masterolan 
ion of the proposed
was
—              -3 x. atca a t.iuacci^
was worked out to form the basis for a
-
CONTRACT VALUE EMPLOYER
financed by ASSOCIATED FIRMS ; None
sequential implementation of rural
development measures on five spatially 
seperated units of 7,500 to 22,500 ha in 
extent.
1 million US Dollar
German    Agency    for    Technical    Cooperation    Ltd German Technical Assistance
YEAR
1976 - 1978COUNTRY___________ — location______________ mime of PROJECT
RPTEF description
Tanzania
Tanga Region
Tanga Water Master Plan
A Water Master Plan for the period,
19/6 - 1991 was worked gut for the Tanga Region (27,000 km )* In the frame of the project potential water resources were evaluated and balanced with the future demand as derived from the de velopment objectives of the Tanzanian Government.
2
’’IAIN ACTIVITIES
CONTRACT VALUE
:     All potential water resources were evaluated
Present landuse naps, soil maps, vegetation
maps and potential landuse maps were pro
duced for the entire region.
An aerial survey of the entire region on 
1:30,000 scale was executed.
The hydrological, hydrogeological and 
meteorological observation network was
improved and extended.
Present and  future settlement structure, and  central places pattern  were assessed and maps produced.
Furthermore, improvements of plant, trans port, personnel and staff of the Regional Water Engineers Office were assessed. The final Tanga Water Master Plan is well documented with coloured maps, which in many cases constitute primary source material which has been collected and published for the first time in the Tanga Region.
;      1,6 million US Dollar
EMPLOYER
:
German Agency for Technical Cooperation Ltd
financed by
;
German Technical Assistance
ASSOCIATED FIRMS
:
None
year
1975 - 1977rgUNTRX  ——-------------:
Tanzania
location------------------- «     I r 1 ng a
OF PROJECT----------- :       Iringa Integrated Rural Development
Project
gpTEF description :              Project implementation and technical assistance in the management of an integrated rural development project
in the Iringa region.
The project is considered as an
integrated part of the operaitons of
the Regional Development Directorate MAIN ACTIVITIES          _:      -   overall project implementation,
coordination and supervision;
-   administration of the financing oE
the project;
-   provision of technical support to 
the extension service in the planning areas;
-   procurement of materials, machines, vehicles and farm inputs and organiza tion of recurrent expenditures for
the project implementation;
-   elaboration and execution of specific project programmes;
-   organisation of extension service
staff and in-service courses;
-   improvement *of pyrethrum plantings;
-   establishment of dairy schemes in selected villages;
-   establishment of irrigation schemes;
-   improvement of the feeder road network;
-  -evaluation and reporting of project
-   activities CONTRACT VALUE          t      Tshs. GO million
EMPLOYER FINANCED BY
Government of the United Republic of Tanzania
;         European Development Fund
associated firms                        None
Xear
1977 - 1961cojjNXSi-
location
MAIN ACTIVITIES
PROJECT VALUE CONTRACT VALUE EMPLOYER
financed by VEAR
4
Tanzania
Mbeya Region, Kapunga Plain
Kapunga Rice Irrigation Project
A recent study of the Usangu Plains has shown that the United water available
for irrigation is best suitable when an optimum balance between mechanized and smallholder farming is obtained. The
present feasibility study being under
taken includes an integrated de
velopment plan of large-scale mechanized and smallholder development in a Phase I Area of about 8,000 ha and an overall development plan for the Kapunga Plain 
(34,000 ha).
Hydrological analyses, ground survey, pedolcgical survey, agro-economic analyses, agronomical study, mechanized rice culti vation techniques, irrigation design and socio-economic studies.
The irrigation design will show: the type of irrigation and drainage lay-out re commended for the most efficient water control. Headworks and canal design will be carried out at feasibility level. Drainage and flood control are also an essential part of the study.
Yet to be determined
DM 1.2 million
NAFCO (Tanzanian National Agricultural and Food Corporation)
World Bank 1970FART BLOCATION MAP
LEGEND: —--------- w river ----------- R0AD
BOUNDARY
DABOUS IRRIGATION PROJECT
AO RAM- UNO KYD^OTCCMNI<QMBH
■■ fnTWAftrt
Etttn4
3, The -Project
3,1 Project Area
The Project Area Is located in the north-western part of Wol- lega Administrative Region. It forms part of the Dabous River Valley, through which the Dabous River flows to join the Blue Nile further north. The area under consideration lies in the lower valley, on both sides of the river. It is characterized 
by a wide expanded natural dendritic drainage system, numerous small side drainage channels entering the river throughout the area.
The valley itself is overlying met amorphous and granitic rocks of Pre-cambrian age. It appears that the soils in the area were , deposited as alluvial outwash materials from the surrounding mountains, and have been subsequently developed by weathering and erosional factors.
Three major soil types occur in the Project Area; red latosols, brown intergrade latosols and the black grumusols. The red la tosols occur over the majority of the area, they have excellent structure, good permeability, good water holding capacity and are easily tilled. The brown intergrade latosols occupy about 45 % of the area, having similar properties to the red latosols but are less permeable and having a clay texture throughout. The grumusols occupy only 5 - 10 % of the irrigable lands, being dark grey, very slowly permeable clay and crack when dry.
At present the area is sparsely populated (over 60 ‘4 of the
area containing less than 2 inhabitants/10 km ). Sorghum, maize, sesame and cotton are grown in small plots with some grazing taking place, mainly goats and donkeys. The general vegetation of the area consists of tall grass and open forests of acacia
and similar trees.
I5
3  *2 Terms of Reference
The Terms of Reference, entailing the objectives and the re
ouired services, are summarized below.
(£) Objective of the Pabons Irrigation Project
The objective of the Dabous Irrigation Project is to determine
the feasibility of irrigated and rainfed agriculture tn the
area. An essential part of the study is the water availability, 
the water diversion and conveyance system, and the water re
quirements in order to evaluate and compare alternative solu
tions for a future agricultural scheme. To this end the Feasi
bility Study will include, but not necessarily be limited, to 
the following matters as described below.
(ii)         Meteorological and Hydrological Data
The following will be considered:
A review of existing meteorological and agro-meteorolo-
gical data from surrounding localities and the establish 
ment of appropriate estimated values for the Dabous
area and the installation of an additional recording 
station (Class I).
Collection       and       analysis       of       all       hydrological       data       to       de termine the monthly water availability.
Analysis      of      the      possible      use      of      -wamp      water      in      critical months by comparison of the inflow and outflow.
Determination of the crop/water requirements.6
(1 ii) Topographic Surveys
Available topographic data and river survey information will be reviewed and, where necessary, supplemented by additional mappings and investigations- These will include surveys for some components of the Project as canal alignments, diversion structures, and representative samples of topographical, geo logical and other conditions.
(iv)          Soil Survey and Land Evaluation
From a first reconnaissance survey of 30,000 ha and using existing topo-maps 1 : 10,000 and 1 : 20,000 scale an initial 25,000 ha is to be pinpointed for further detailed studies. A semi-detailed survey is to be carried out to determine the lo cation, extent and suitability of soils for sustained irrigated and rainfed development- The survey is to be sufficiently de tailed to result in potential land classification plans together with sufficient detail to support the conclusions.
Adequate physical and chemical analyses will be performed on samples up to a depth of 2 metres to determine representative measurement of soil texture, pH, organic matter, electrical conductivity, amounts and identification of soluble cations and anions, total cation exchange capacity, exchangeable sodium percentage, soil moisture constants. Drainability of sub-surface strata to a depth of 2 metres (or at shallower depths if imper meable strata are encountered) will also be determined.
An appraisal is to be made of the likely drainage problems (surface and subsurface) and oossible salinity hazards resulting 
from sustained irrigation of suitable soils-7
(V)
Water Quality
Physical and chemical analyses of representative samples of Dabous River waters are to be made to determine total dis solved solids, amounts and identification of dissolved cations and anions, suspended solids. Particular attention will be
paid to the identification of substances Likely to have a harm ful effect on irrigated crons, e.g. boron.
(vi) Engineering Studies
Principal irrigation works required to supply all suitable lands are to be proposed. A comparison is to be made between possible alternatives of irrigation water supply. This analysis will con* , aider the economics of installation, operation, maintenance and replacement of the various works and recommend the most appro priate system.
General lay-out plans will be prepared showing the location and principal features of the main works required for suitable irri gation supply and drainage systems. A typical farm lay-out plan will be prepared indicating the location and principal features
of works required.
An overall appraisal will be made of the feasibility of supplying the area with domestic water supply, sewerage and electric power for both domestic and agricultural purposes having in mind the likely development of the area.
Access requirements are to be examined with a view to providing all-weather access between Asosa and the Dabous area and all- weather access within the area.s
[Vi11 Agricultural Studies
A survey is to be carried out of the existing agricultural practices in the Dabous area to provide data on farm sizes, agricultural techniques, Livestock production, yields and marketing returns. In addition, data Is to be collected on existing markets and future marketing trends of products from the Dabous area.
The most suitable cropping patterns are to be determined having in mind the suitability of the soils, availability of water
and Likely crop water requirements, and the socio-economic sig nificance of various forms of development Including livestock product ion.
In general the agricultural development to be considered will include irrigated cropping and pastures (both full and supple mental) , improved dryland farming and pastures, livestock im provements for meat and dairy products.
Since several alternative forms of agricultural development will be considered, the study is to consider and recommend the most suitable arrangements for development and should specifically deal with proposed future land tenure, required agricultural re search and extension, agricultural management and the need for any supporting services, e.g. marketing, processing, etc.
(vi1i) Ecology andErosion
The impact of Dabous swamp drainage on wildlife and riverbed erosion is to be evaluated. The impact of the project concept
on the ecological balance of the study area is to be assessed including termite, insect and desease control. The danger of accelerated erosion in specific areas is to be studied.9
5oc
JiP“ £OnQinic and Financial Evaluation
£
cost estimates are to be prepared for all various forms of de
velopment together with proposed schedule of expenditure for
capital works, and annual oneration and maintenance costs for
capital works and services. The sociological consequences of
alternative forms of development are to be examined.
Economic and financial analysis of alternative investments and 
benefits with regard to
national Interest
- financing agency 
local land holders♦
Conclusions and recommendations for the implementation of the
most suitable projects to be prepared with particular reference
to the sociological consequences of the final proposals.
fx)              Organization and Management
Having in mind the existing land tenure system in Dabous and
the conclusions and recommendations for future development aris
ing from this study, detailed proposals are required to cover
the administrative, agricultural, engineering and legal opera
tional management with particular reference to the role of VADA
and the roles of any private or commercial groups involved.
Specific proposals are required to cover all relevant activities
during the implementation stage of the proposed development.
All necessary  budgetary  matters associated  with  costs of recruit ment of aopropriate personnel,  supply  of equipment and  materials, a ^e to be examined and conclusions and recommendations to be
made.
I
r10
j »• .3' Cerements On the
of Reference
Although the Terns of Reference, the background information, 
the information to Consultants and the information obtained by 
the Consultant during a visit to Ethiopia and in discussions
with local authorities allow the formulation of a proposal for
the required Feasibility Study, some comments appear to be ne cessary to ensure a proper interpretation of the required 
services;
It is understood that the study has to develop possible alternative exploitation and settlement systems* These systems will be presented in the "Outline Plan" (see Chap ter 4.4) and the most prospective ones will be studied and elaborated in the Feasibility Study Planning Phase.
The extent of the possible counterpart contribution in terms of manpower is not shown in the Terms of Reference, but from discussions with FAO/VADA officials during the reconnaissance visit it is understood that a team of Ethiopian professionals will be assigned to the expatri
ate team and participate in carrying out the Project. 
It is assumed that details on this matter would be
cleared with FAO/VADA during contract negotiations. Participation of the counterparts in the project team
is considered essential also in order to ensure efficient liaison with all Government agencies concerned with the Project.
All relevant data and information which will have a
bearing on the physical project lay-out and implementation will be reviewed, updated and analysed. Thereafter, the preliminary project Lay-outs as contained and discussed Ln the "Land and Water Resources of the Blue Nile Basin", 
(1964) will be11
1
critically reviewed and, if necessary, modified, leading 
to an outline planning of all physical components required for irrigated and ralnfed agriculture* After being dis cussed, the outline planning will be further elaborated, allowing evaluations to be made of the technical and eco nomic projects  feasibility.
The studies and the subsequent planning on feasibility 
level should comprise the relevant agricultural and en gineering planning, recommendations for improved socio economic infrastructure, and a realistic evaluation of
the potential impact of the Project on regional and farm level. The study should further propose adequate organiza tional and implementation programmes with investments and operational cost schedules with a view to facilitate the
final project appraisal by the agencies concerned.
In view of the fact that the project planning and the eco nomic viability will also depend on a proper assessment of the subsoil conditions, geotechnical reconnaissance studies and investigations will have to be considered.
In the Terms of Reference no preference concerning the cultivation of specific crops under irrigation have been given. The Consultant therefore intends to examine the cultivation of cash crops already grown in Ethiopia to gether with the possibilities of introducing new crops in to the area. Under the rainfed area first consideration 
will be given to the growing of supplementary food crops for home consumption but also the possibility of
cash crops with or without supplementary irrigation will be analysed.
It is understood that new 1 : 20,000 scale aerial photos and orthophoto maps on 1 : 10,000 scale with 2 m contours12
will be available before the start of the pre-reconnais-
sance study.
From the discussions held in Addis Ababa it became clear that no laboratory facilities for soil analyses can be
made available in 1980. It is therefore pronosed to analyse the necessary soil samples in the laboratory of the University of Leuven (Belgium) under the supervision of Prof. d'Hoore.
For the calculation of the agro-economic systems, the water availability and requirements, and the economic analysis, the Consultant will make available the necessary programmes and computer facilities at the Head office as no appropriate facilities are available in Addis Ababa.
With regard to the geo-technical investigations it is as sumed that the necessary subcontracting work for drilling and detailed specific analysis will be carried out under separate agreement after the soil mechanic expert has made his initial investigations and recommendations.
It is understood that all photo and map material can also be made available in the Head office of AHT.
For realistic and appropriate project planning it is as sumed that a close consultation with the authorities con cerned regarding development policies and intentions will be maintained during the consulting services.
It is understood that the items specified under Chapter 5.4 will be made available to the Consultant. However, the Consultant is able and willing to organize this equipment under separate agreement.13
4. Flan of Work and Scope of Services
4 . j General -Approach
The works and services outlined in the following sections cover
all activities required to meet the objectives of the study. 
They will include a thorough analysis of all physical features
including the ecology, human resources, agricultural and eco
nomic factors and preparation of all relevant and appurtenant
engineering and agricultural plans required for a Feasibility 
Study as well as a financial and economic evaluation of the
Proj ect.
Furthermore, an organization and management proposal for the
scheme will be elaborated. The relevant findings and information 
on the Project will be presented to the Client according to the
timetable presented in this proposal.
The work in Ethiopia will be carried out in close cooperation 
with local authorities and be completed to such a point as to 
allow the outline of the Project to be agreed upon with the Client.
Planning will be carried out to feasibility level so that it
can be used as a basis for the estimation of the costs needed 
for the financial and economic viability of the Project.
The Consultant will present the results of his investigations in  a feasibility  report,  which  could  be used  for the negotia tions for financing the Project.
The study can be divided into 4 main phases;
- Reconnaissance Survey
. identification and analysis of the present conditions and constraints in the Project Area and adjacent areas in a reconnaissance mission,
. preliminary identification of alternative layouts.14
Preparation of Planning Data
. survey, investigations and studies.
Preparation of Development Alternatives
. identification and formulation of the most promising layouts.
Feasibility Planning
*  planning  of all physical features
. identification of the development
to           feasibility           level impacts r
evaluation of the project’s economic viability.
The work undertaken in each phase is described below.
4.2 Reconnaissance Survey
The reconnaissance survey will be carried out throughout the
last three weeks in May and possibly the first week in June de pending on weather conditions. It is anticipated that a pedolo gist and an irrigation engineer will carry out the survey. The investigations will determine the area to be studied in depth from October onwards and will also examine various possible irrigation lay-out alternatives. To this end all the available
data will be collected while the survey team is in Ethiopia
and possible lines of study will be examined for the main 
study which start in October.
The land resources investigations to delineate the future study area for irrigated and rainfed farming will take into consideration the reconnaissance soil survey executed by the U.S, Bureau of Reclamation in 1 96 4 covered 30,000 ha. A total of 21 observa tions were executed during this survey which means an average15
observation density of 1 cbservation/1,500 ha. The described soil distribution of red latosols (50 % of the area) , brown intergrade latosols (40 % of the area) and gxrumussols (5 - 1O of the area) reflects the pronounced genetic development of
the soils related to the existent drainage conditions.
This situation combined with a well developed macro and micro relief will permit an intensive use of the new aerial photo graphy on 1 : 20,000 scale. After a brief aerial photo inter pretation of the new photography and the new orthophoto maps a field survey programme will be worked out.,
This programme will be based on the known soil distribution, the aerial photo interpretation results and the accessibility. It
is thought that part of the area can be reached by four wheel drive car and that the not accessible parts of the area will
be visited by helicopter.
Most of the observations will be done by hand auger and in spe cific cases profile pits will be dug and, if possible, sampled. This early soil sampling will permit the availability of labo ratory data, and when the semi-detailed soil survey will start (see Chapter 4.3.3). The total number of observations envisaged 
for the reconnaissance survey will be in the order of 1O0 ob servations. During the reconnaissance survey the Dabous swamp area will be visited. After a reconnaissance flight with the available aeroplane and an analysis of the available data,maps and aerial photographs a number of specific areas of interest will be visited by heliocopter and, if considered necessary, 
soil examinations made.
Although the irrigation lay-out suggested in the Blue Nile Study will be examined as an alternative, other possible lay-outs will be considered. During the reconnaissance therefore, a number of other promising diversion sites and canal alignments will be considered and examined by the irrigation engineer.16
From the available data collected a number of future lay-outs will be put forward to be examined in greater depth in the main study in October*
The Dabous swamp will be studied for alternative methods to in crease its outflow capacity to meet future irrigation require ments* The technical possibilities of improving the swamp out flow will be examined and the alternatives viewed.
4 * 3 Preparation of Planning Data
In order to facilitate proper planning and evaluation of the technical and economic project feasibility of the most promising scheme, it will be necessary to obtain more detailed, data and to update available data. As outlined in the Terms of Reference this will be achieved by
a sociological survey,
a semi-detailed soil survey
-
geotechnical investigations
-
a topographical survey,
hydrological and agro-meteorological investigations agronomy,
engineering investigations (irrigation, drainage and structures),
, 
-
ecological and erosion control investigations.
The aim of these surveys and investigations is:
to update available data material,
to find out specific problems and constraints on soils, agricultural practices, irrigation, drainage, etc., 
to assess the willingness of the population to participate17 -
in a new production schcmei
to consider administrative requirements for the project planning
to define constraints affecting the future agricultural
and Irrigation practices,
The specific surveys to be conducted are described in the fol Low ing sub-sections.
4.3-1               Mobilization
Because of the nature of the Project it is essential that the
logistics of the study be organized before the main team of
experts arrives in Ethiopia,
The logistical details are specified in 5.4. As soon as the field reconnaissance survey is finished the reconnaissance survey team will confirm the logistical needs for the execution of the Feasibility Study. They will discuss these needs with the Client before leaving Addis Ababa and, in mutual agreement with the Client, it will be agreed upon which will be organized by the Client and which by AHT.
At the start of the Feasibility Study the team leader, the hydro logist and the sociologist will arrive 1-2 weeks ahead to 
organize the campinq equipment, vehicles, supplies and the ne cessary labour-
4.3.2                Sociological Survey
WLthin the required questionnaires for the socio-economic sur vey the agricultural questions will be incorporated, so that
the surveys can be carried out simultaneously. The socio-economic part of the survey will comprise:
settlement patterns in the Project Area1 8
groups        (number,        structure)        living        in        the        surrounding 
of       the       Project       Area       and       suitable       for       resettlement       in 
the Project Area,
average family sizes and farm labour availability
present        health       situation,
To obtain a realistic figure of the number of inhabitants
in the Project Area, the number of houses will be counted 
with the aid of the aerial photos to be ready by the 1st of
May, 1990, a random sample will furnish the average family 
size, and from this the total population will be estimated >
To find appropriate propositions for the organization of the
Project, acceptable also to the target population
the        sociological        facts        and        problems        of        similar        projects will be analysed,
the       attitude       of       the       potential       farmers       will       be       investi gated and their ideas taken into consideration,
the need for accompanying measures in the social sector, 
such as schools, other educational facilities, sanitary 
and health facilities, etc. shall be investigated as well
as the needs regarded by the population as the most im
portant to be satisfied.
4-3.3                Soil Survey
The       semi-detailed       soil       survey       for       irrigation       and       rain       fed       farming will start after the rainy season.
Based on the results of the reconnaissance survey of May 19 30 the potential irrigable area of approximately 15,000 ha will be selected as well as the adjacent rainfed farming areas. It is19
estimated that besides the 15,000 ha potential irrigable land 
another 10,000 ha will be studied for rainfed farming, making 
a total acreage of approximately 25,000 ha for the semi^detai 1-
ed soil survey (area covered by orthophoto maps) • In the area
selected for irrigation development the observation density 
will be in the order of 1 observation/50 ha distributed accor
ding to the soil distribution findings of the reconnaissance
phase. A total of 300 observations wilt be carried out of which 
2 25 observations will be hand borings up to 120 cm depth and 
75 observations will be profile pits to a depth of 200 cm or
up to rock. A number of the profile pits on deep soils will be
augered to a depth of 3 m or more depending on the agronomic
and canal alignment needs.
Profiles which are representative for the major soil units will • 
be sampled for chemical and physical analyses in the laboratory 
of Leuven/Belgium. These analyses and the interpretation will
be supervised by Prof. d’Hoore, The following physical and 
chemical types will be carried out on the soil samples:
- Complete analyses
Chemical analyses for the profile types
. pH - H O
2
. pH - CaCl /KCl
2
.     % N (Kjeldahl)
.     % C (Walkey and Black)
C/N ratio
•     % CaCO^
.     exchangeable     bases     (C.E.C.     -     T-value     -     Ca,     Mg,     K     and     Na) degree of base-saturation
HC1 extractable P and K (surface samples only)
Physical analyses for the profile types humidity as %
granular composition (international standard) consistency20
* pF - diagrams - waterholding capacity in the soil on 
undisturbed sanpies (low - medium * high range)
, apparent density
porosity
hydraulic          conductivity          on          undisturbed          samples (100 cm^ rings)
Chemical analyses for special cases, if consideren neces sary
investigations of nutrient micro-elements
• P, citric acid 2 ?.
. P lactate
an
alyses on 
Al, SO^, Cl, by extraction with acetate
of
acetic acid at
 pH 4,8
physical analyses for special cases
. weatherable minerals (traction 500-50 u)
. heavy minerals
clay minerals (X-Ray)
. detailed pF diagrams on undisturbed samples
(100 cn? rings)
Partial analyses
On the samples taken for partial analysis one or more of
the following analyses will be performed.
granular composition (international standard)
. pH
% C (Walkey and Black)
.     % CaCO^
.     exchangeable     bases     (C.E.C.     -     T-value     -     Ca,     Mg,K     and     Na) degree of base-saturation
. electrical conductivity (1:1) suspension (Philips-bridge) *
The number of samples to be analysed are in the order of 50 samples. The final number of samples considered to be analysed will be defined in the reconnaissance report.21
During the field work the following analyses will be carried 
out:
pH measurements,
infiltration tests,
permeability tests (Hooghoudt when a free water table exists in 5 m reach).
Based on the field work and laboratory analyses a soil map for irrigation will be prepared on 1 : 50,000 scale. From this map 
a land classification map for irrigation will be prepared at
the same scale using the FAO framework for land classification up to subclass level. The results of the agronomic surveys
will be included in the classification considerations.
The area to be considered for rainfed farming defined in the reconnaissance reports will be studied in less detail than the lands selected for the irrigation project.
Depending on the results of the reconnaissance survey it is estimated that an observation density of 1 observation/100 ha will suit the objectives. The soil survey for rainfed agricul
ture will then comprise approximately 1O0 observations,most of them borings.
In the case that new major soils are found additional profile pits and analysis (see above specifications) will be carried out.
For the total area surveyed (approximately 25,000 ha) a land classification map for rain fed farming at a scale of 1 : 50,000 will be prepared. The FAO framework for land classification will be used up to subclass level. In the classification the agronomic specifications will be taken into consideration.
The results of the land and classification survey will be pre sented in a comprehensive report.22
4,3.4              Geotechnical Investigation
For the establishment of proper design criteria it will be
necessary:
-      to determine the soil and foundation conditions at the
sites of major structures,
-      to locate proper construction material for the construc tion of the diversion structure
-      to identify sources which could be used for concrete aggregate and the construction of roads and embankments-
If after the initial surveys and investigations by the soil
mechanics expert, drilling or other work is required it is as
sumed that this work will have to be subcontracted. During his assignment the soils expert will identify the necessary works
and will prepare the relevant specifications.
Upon completion of the respective investigations of the subsoil conditions, a site investigation report will be prepared contai
ning:
a general description of the sites
a description of the subsoil conditions
a general appreciation of the sites
recommendation of future drilling and analysis.
These data will result in;
recommendation of foundation treatment and construction procedures to be followed
- recommendation regarding lining of canals, maximum safe side slopes and slope orotection
recommendation of materials to be used for the various construction purposes (rip-rap, concrete aggregates, scour protection, gravel for road construction, etc.)
general and specific design criteria.23 -
4,3,5             Topographical Survey
From the Terms of Reference it is understood that new aerial photographs 1 : 20 000 and orthophoto maps 1 :
r
contour intervals are at present being prepared and will be available by 1st of May, 1980.
Based on the availability of this data it is also considered 
that further additional surveys will have to be carried out:
detailed topographical surveys of sample areas (approxi mately 5 % of potential irrigable area) representing typical topographical conditions at a scale of 1 : 2,500 with 0.25 m contours; these maps will also be used for land levelling analysis.
detailed surveys at appropriate scale (1 : 2,000,
1 : 2,500) for the design of proposed diversion struc tures, siphon, main irrigation and drainage canal align ments with all appurtenant structures as well as for
other important engineering works related to the proposed infrastructural lay-out.
In addition to checking up and verifying the adequacy of the
new map, the topographer will in close cooperation with the irrigation engineer and agronomist identify further topographi
cal surveys required for a proper design of the Project.
4.3.6             Hydrology and Meteorology
Hydrology
The availability of water for irrigation will be quantified. To 
this end, particular attention will be paid to data on river discharges, quality and suspended solids. If possible, i.e. if sufficient records are available, long-term maximum and minimum flows and flood frequencies of the river Dabous will be deter mined.
10,000 with 2 mf
will indicate technical solutions to ensure optimum use of the available water resources. The study activities will include:
review of available rainfall and river discharge data, assessment of dependable flows and flood frequencies, collection and evaluation of meteorological data for con sumption use calculation,
collection and analysis of representative water samples
to assess the water quality for irrigation,
investigations for flood protection works, drainage requirements, etc.,
identification of the overall water requirements and irrigation efficiency.
Based on the results of the investigations the general ’water
balance will be determined without and with the implementation 
of the Project. Furthermore, relevant criteria for agricul
tural as well as engineering planning will be defined.
Swamp Study
Since the Dabous Swamn has an important controlling effect on 
the flow of the Dabous River, a separate study will be carried 
out by the hydrologist and ecologist to examine the possibilities
of increasing this flow, especially during the dry season, taking 
into consideration the effects of these measures on the ecological system. Using the available local hydrological data and relevant maps input and output characteristics of the swamp will be verified together with estimates of possible monthly water availability. 
At the same time, he will propose and plan studies and mappings as necessary to clarify and augment the data already obtained.
21
The quality of the irrigation water will he assessed by evaluat ing existing data and by collecting samples at various locations.
Based on the qualitative and quantitative hydrological informa tion on the one hand and data on crop water requirements on the other  the civil engineer and the irrigation/drainage engineer2 5
Meteorology
In the absence of meteorological
data from the surrounding localities will be employed and supplemented by data to be collected from a new meteorological station (Class I) to be established in the Project Area with equipment and personnel to be provided by the Client. The station will record daily temperatures, relative humidities., precipitation  evaporation (class "A" pan) and wind. In addition, 
r
rain gauges will be established in the adjacent catchment
areas for rainfall-runoff studies.
The data that will be collected will serve to uograde available information, and will be of considerable use for later olanning and project implementation. Meteorological data will be used from both surrounding localities and, as far as possible, from
the new station for determining water requirements and drainage criteria .
During the period of the setting-up of the equipment the hydro logist will train the staff provided by the Client.
4.3.7            A g ron omy/Agro-Economy
For the feasibility planning of the agricultural approach (agri cultural production under irrigated and rainfed conditions) it
will be necessary that during the Phase of Preparation of Plan ning Data
the available data on agriculture for the Project Area and its surroundings will be collected, studied and evaluated, more specific and detailed information on agricultural activities will be collected during the course of the sociological survey.
The analysis of the present state of agriculture in the Project Area will have to cover two aspects:
*- agricultural production agricultural services.26
Agricultural Production
The survey of agricultural production will comprise investiga Lions into:
- land use and areas under various crops (data will be pre- sen ted on. maps}
production of various crops (dry land and under irri gation)
livestock production
prevailing diseases
factor endowment of farms, size of farm holdings, land tenureship, constraints resulting from the current land distribution and tenureship situation
amount of family labour and hired labour
farming practices and farming systems, giving details on:
. crops cultivated
. standard and practices of farm management (use of inputs)
. cropping patterns
► yields
livestock husbandry practices
agricultural income
existing storage facilities and their utilization.
Agricultural Services
The agencies concerned with the promotion of agricul tural production in the Project Area will be contacted. These agencies will include:
the existing agricultural extension service existing market organizations and structures existing agricultural project organization.27
4.3. 3 irrigation, and Dr^in.ige
As indicated in the Comments on the Terms of Reference it is anticipated that the orthophoto mans of the area (covering about 250 km^) at scale 1 : 10,000 with 2 m contour intervals (1 m interpolated) would be made available to the Consultant at the beginning of the services (1st of May 1980).
The review will start with the study, updating and the evalua tion of all information and data related to the irrigation and drainage conditions in the Dabous Valley. Existing data which were elaborated in the reconnaissance study will be critically reviewed and, if necessary, corrected.
It is anticipated that the study and analysis of the collected information on the soil, hydrology and the topography would allow preliminary alternative lay-outs for the irrigation and drainage scheme to be prepared. These proposals will be further elaborated to feasibility level and will then be presented and discussed with the relevant authorities.
Together with these preliminary' designs, standards to be applied for planning and relevant design parameters for the irrigation and drainage system will be estbalished.
The preliminary investigations and studies will be closely re lated to the hydrological, meteorological, agricultural, infra structural and geotechnical studies and investigations. They will further include an engineering assessment of all technical and functional requirements for the proper implementation and operation of the Irrigation and drainage system, including the necessary headworks (diversion structure/diversion canal) .
Measures for flood protection and river training will be given due consideration and recommendations will be put forward.20
4.3.9                 Infrastructure
The Blue Nile Study and other relevant reports and the visits
to similar existing projects provide basic information as well
as elementary criteria for settlement planning purposes.
During the preparation of the nlanning data, these rather global
data will be completed as far as possible by collecting additio-
nal information on the site which concern the various aspects
of the Project.
The objective of these initial activities is to formulate the
general approach to settlement planning, housing and physical/
social infrastructure before the actual Feasibility Study will
describe in more detail the various technical aspects as well
as the cost implications.
In       cooperation       with       the       sociologist,       the       physical       planner       will update       and       complete       the       sociological       background       information       so as       to       be       able       to       identify       the       different       interrelationships       and functions      of      settlements      within      and      close      to      the      Project      Area. On      the      basis      of      this      review      and      analysis,      possible      future settlement       patterns       will       be       projected       and       the       global       require ments for housing and infrastructure estimated*
Domestic Water Supply and Sewerage
The possibility of domestic water supplies from alternative sources will be investigated. Sewerage requirements and alterna tive solutions will be studied and recommendations as to the ftost economic and acceptable proposals will be presented.- 29
Power Supply
The potential domestic and  other power consumption  will be studied.  This study  will consider present and  future plant capacities.
Access Road Study
•
The problem of access roads to and within the Project Area will
be studied in connection with marketing requirements, human and 
material transport and overall development aspects. The feasi
bility of all weather roads will be considered integrally with 
overall project development concepts.
4.3.10 Ecology and Erosion
The development of irrigated and rainfed agriculture in an area
at present used at rather low intensities poses two types of
ecological problems:
the integration of agricultural developments and associa
ted human activities with the present patterns of resource
use which are more or less in ecological balance,
- the assessment of the ecological consequences (generally 
termed impacts) of the development activities planned.
Both  types of problems have bearing  on  economic and  even  finan cial feasibility.  In  some cases their influence is negative,  in 
a few cases it is positive.30
Ecological ImplicitLons
General status, potential and trends of the upstream catch
ment characteristics with a view to providing information 
for forecasting long-term hydrological trends
A reconnaissance investigation of ecological factors in 
the potential cropping area which could influence the de
velopments’ economic viability; this will include:
. the problems of crop damage in store and in the field 
by all vertibrates Ungulates, monkeys, birds, and 
rodents, etc.)
. the problems of diseases affieting people and livestock (trypanosomiasis, river blindness, bilharzia, malaria, 
etc.)
. the problems of damage to structures and buildings
(termites, rodents, etc.)
. the problems of large animals attacking, injuring or
killing people and livestock (hyaena, lion, jackal,etc.)
A reconnaissance investigation of the ecological factors in 
the potential cropping area and its surroundings which at
present provide the human population with essential re
quirements     or     which     could     be     so  harnessed. This will in elude:
wood        supplies        for        buildings, fuel or charcoal production,
manufacture of artifacts, fences, and so on
•     plant products for the manufacture of fibres (for
fabrics      or      ropes)      ,      for      medicinal      use      (man      and      livestock) and for thatching and weaving screens, roofs, baskets,
eta.)
- honey and termite collection and consumption
•     harvesting of wild plant products for food- 31
•     fish and Crustacean 
j_   .
n catcnx..g in streams and pools ,
,
. hunting and trapping of wild animals
. water supplies for neoole and livestock
•    mining of salts for people and livestock
Clearly a large expansion of the human population will require
that the use Oi these renewable resources be regulated and 
planned to ensure that they continue to provide benefits to the
local population. If the wildlife resource in the area is found 
to be very diverse and abundant some recommendations will be
considered for specific conservation measures.
Ecological Impacts
A    reconnaissance    survey    of    the    swamp    and    upper    catchments to      provide      indications      of      the      probable      ecological      impacts of     swamp     drainage     or     any     other     hydrological     modifications planned. This will include:
. an assessment of the ecology of the swamp in respect
of rare or unique ecological aspects
. an assessment of the role of the swamp in the local
ecosystem, particularly as a supply of water and food 
for large wild herbivores, people and livestock, and as
a water table
An investigation of the probable downstream impacts of
hydrological modifications of the swamp, indicated through 
water quality changes and through alterations in river
morphology. This will include the problem of river bed de
gradation and erosion.
-     An     assessment     of     the     probable     ecological     consequences     of irrigation       cropping       and       more       intensive       rainfed       cropping. This will include the problem of erosion, fertility32 -
depletion,           wildlife habitat
destruction,           and so on.
An assessment of the probable ecological consequences of more human occupation at the cropping area. This will in- elude the impacts of:
more grass fires
. solid waste disposal
. liquid waste disposal
. landscape impacts
increases in all types of exploitation and use of resources
, more vehicle traffic in and out of the area. Methods
*
Analysis        and        interpretation        of        available        maps,        air-photos, landscape images and reports
Low-level        aerial        reconnaissance        by        survey        aircraft        (in cluding some ecological inventory sampling)
Field      work      on      selected      sites      and      interviews      with      local people.
The      survey      will      result      in      a      comprehensive      report,      accompanied by explanatory maps.
4- 4 Preparation of Development Alternatives
Based on the results gained during enc. jb,rina the reconnaissance and study c , 
phases, consisting of preparati
. 
 .unrt existing and collection of
new field data, development alterna. 
Uarmiives will be worked out by 
.- 33
the study team. These alternatives will comprise irrigation, agriculture and engineering concepts and preliminary cost esti mates. j-he study teas will elaborate in March 1981 a number of technically feasible alternatives. These alternatives will be presented to the Client for discussion in March.
These discussions will delineate the scope of the Feasibility 
Study and will draw attention to matters of particular impor
tance. They will further help to agree on the standards to be
applied to the study and to arrive at decisions regarding pro
ject lay-out, development policies and, if necessary, modified 
work plan. The result of these discussions will form the basis
for the feasibility planning.
4.5 Feasibility Planning
4.5.1       Agricultural Planning
For the planning of the future agricultural scheme the results
of the sociological survey, its interpretation and proposals will be integrated into the agricultural planning. These proposals will entail:
-     criteria for the choice of the future farmers of the Project Area (e.g. family size, etc.)
-     criteria for the social (health) and phasical (houses) in frastructure
~ integration of the original farmers into the Project ~ settlement procedures34 -
fhc agricultural planning itself will comprise:
proposals for crop production
-     determination of size of irrigation and dry-land farm ing areas by means of mathematic methods
. determination of farm sizes (farm machinery optimiza tion}
. selection of suitable disease resistant crop varities
for dry-land farming and irrigation according to their vegetation periods
-     determination of number of crops per year (rainfed and irrigated)
•     determination of the most suitable crop rotation systems and cropping patterns (rainfed and irrigated)
. determination of water requirements of the selected crop crops, irrigation Intervals, amount of water per inter val
< outline of the envisaged agricultural practices for the proposed crops, e.g<
.. soil preparation
- • planting time and practices
crop maintenance
. . harvesting practices
-     requirements, of chemicals and fertilizers for crop pro duction
. - . kind of chemicals and fertilizers
.. amount of chemicals and fertilizers
.. application practices
•     planning of farm organization and operations staff, labour requirements per crop, area and labour utilization35
p  estimates o£ yields
• husbandry of small ruminants (sheep, goats) and poultry 
. breed:ng programme for small ruminants for meat produc
tion (sheep)
control of diseases, e.g. tripanosomlasis, parasites, 
bilharzia
production of fodder.
The agricultural planning will also include the planning of a
machinery park and buildings required for the Project:
type and degree of mechanization
determination of agricultural machinery and implements
-     operational schedule for agricultural machinery (monthly 
and yearly basis)
repair workshops
supply of fuel and spare parts
-      facilities for drying processing and for storage.
To ensure the long-term success of the Project, consideration 
ttill be given to support the farms of the Project with their
agricultural activities.
Proposals for farm support will entail:
building-up of an agricultural extension service or
strengthening of a possible existing extension service
with the emphasis on
. . training of the extension staff
elaboration       of       a       visit       and       demonstrative       programme training of farmers
. * setting-up of demonstration fields36
f
for seed production.
4.5.2              Irrigation Planning
The irrigation planning for the Feasibility Study will consist
of the preparation of general plans (optimum lay-out of the en
gineering works) and cost estimates for all components of pro
posed irrigation and drainage systems.
However, in order to arrive at the best technical and economic
solutions the following activities will have to be undertaken:
For the planning of the irrigation system:
determination of the water requirements for the pro
posed crops, fully reflecting the climate, the consump
tive use, land preparation requirements, leaching re
quirements, the irrigation method, application and con
veyance loss
. determination of the maximum irrigable area, considering 
the qualitative and quantitative hydrological informa
tion on the one hand, and data of crop water require
ments and soil conditions on the other
identification         of         the         most         appropriate         irrigation         system on       the       basis       of       the       water       availability,       hydraulic,       tech nical, economic, organizational and management aspects
- preparation of preliminary designs and cost estimates
for all structural elements of the irrigation system such as diversion structures, intake works, primary and secondary irrigation canals with appurtenant structures
working out applied research programmes for the Pro ject
working out the requirements, supply and distribution of high quality seeds and, if necessary  a programmeidentification and cost estimates for all necessary 
mechanical/electrical installations and equipment
estimation of the costs for land clearing and levelling 
. determination of maintenance and operation requirements For the planning of the drainage systems
. determination of the drainage requirements, considering 
rainfall, proposed cropping patterns as well as the
hydrological and physical properties of the soil
identification of the most appropriate drainage system
.        preparation        of        a        preliminary        design        on        feasibility        level for       the       proposed       drainage       system       with       all       related       struc tures
. identification of maintenance requirements.
All      the      above      activities,      to      be      carried      out      by      the      irrigation      en gineer      and      the      civil      engineer,      will      have      to      be      substantiated      by appropriate        and        adequate        studies        of        hydraulic        conditions,        topo graphical         surveys,         mapping,         subsurface         exploration         and         material testing     programmes     *     The     activities     will     aim     to     arrive     at     an     op timum      technical      and      economic      solution      ensuring      an      optimum      use      of the water resources.
The general plans to  be prepared  will of structures to  a degree of accuracy culation of quantities and costs*
include           typical           drawings which will allow the cal-
The cost estimates will, besides the direct costs, also consider the overheads, operation and maintenance costs, contingencies, etc.
addition to the above, construction schedules for the imple- dotation programme as well as an organizational structure for the operation and maintenance of the irrigation scheme will be formulated.38 -
4.5.3              Settlement Planning
AS stated in the previous chapters, the outlin development olan 
defines the global approach of the Project. During the feasibi
lity plan the different aspects of physical planning will be
treated more specifically 1„ order to speclfy the technical, 
financial and operational details.
Concerning        settlement        planning        and        housing        the        following        points will be considered:
Settlement structure - the pattern as analysed in the Blue Nile Study, other reports and data from existing projects will be updated and detailed further so as to allow for
the quantification of physical/social infrastructure
, definition of lay-out design criteria for future spe
cial development and subsequent preliminary lay-out designs, as far as considered necessary
, the assessment of present and future organization of spatial development on village/urban level
General buildings - the present and future housing and other buildings (stores, workshops, offices, etc.) situa^
tion will be assessed according to the following aspects
. capacity: indications of present habitable space, occu pation characteristics as well as basic demographic in formation such as family size and projections in re lation with the project strategy will allow the re quirements to be quantified
design: the criteria for housing design depend upol local traditions concering both construction techniques and materials. In addition, local customs and charac teristics of the family structure define the internal39
spatial organization of houses. Finally, recent de velopment in the building industry, with the introduc tion of industrially manufactured materials, have to 
be considered in order to be able to design houses
which meet the expectations of the peoole* DurLng the Feasibility Study proposed specimens of such house types will be designed if no suitable standards are available* For workshops, stores and offices standard designs from other projects will be taken into consi deration *
. organization: in order to provide the necessary housing stock (phased in relation with the project development), it will be necessary to investigate the existing orga nizational structure within the various settlements
in and outside the Project Area and to make proposals for efficient guidance of the implementation* The ques tion of creating building cooperatioves and "self-hcln" schemes will be given emphasis.
The construction industry: the adaption of buildings to local requirements includes an analysis of the existing construction sector: The availability, suitability and 
cost of building materials, the availability, qualification and cost of labour, contractor services as well as the various unit prices for the different construction compo nents. This information will serve as a basis for the cost calculation and will be used to make proposals concerning alternative modes of implementation* The standards deve loped by the relevant public sectors will be taken as planning basis*<10
4.5.4                 Physical and Social infrastructure
The complex of infrastructure comprises the road network (in cluding access roads), electricity, potable water supply, edu cation and health facilities and other public amenities such ag markets, administrative buildings, etc.
The requirements will be specified most probably with priority attached to roads, potable water supply, education and health facilities.
The Feasibility Study will provide criteria to establish a quantified specification of facilities and design criteria
(time, labour, materials and organization). From these criteria the necessary investment and the labour force requirements will be calculated.
The level of infratsructure will be adapted to national stan dards with the objective (as with the other components of the scheme) to minim the initial investment and to reduce as much as possible the maintenance costs -
The study will be prepared in close collaboration with other disciplines. The social infrastructure will be specified in consultation with local authorities.
4  - 5,5               Market Analysis, Market Systems and Prices
A market analysis to be proposed for the Project will be under taken for:
local and regional markets
the national market in Ethiopia international markets, if necessary.The results or this analysis will
concerning the voluno of production f'"' e“imatlons to be madc'
which, will probably be absorbed by th^d ~ the expectable prices. 
cr ’-°s
' dlf£“a« — 
and 
priceS will be calculated at farmgate level, in the form of
financial farmgate prices, which are the prices the project participants are expected to receive; they will serve to calculate the future farm incomes and the project evalu ation from the financial (Project's) point of view
economic farmgate prices, being adjusted according to the Little/Mirrlees method, and thus better reflecting econo mic values; they will be used for the project evaluation 
(project output) from the point of view of the national economy.
From the market analysis the planned crop production, the neces sities concerning the marketing structures (organizations) will become clear* Marketing and processing facilities and respec* tive costs will be outlined.
Quality standards and control, transport problems, possible price subsidies, etc., will be considered and appropriate measures will be proposed.
4-5.6                Organization and Management
An appropriate organization arc
.  mATiaaernent structure will be
9
proposed based on the selec’ted p j       n nient types, degree of mechani^atjL°ri*
oroject characteristics assettie-42
0etaile<^ propositions will be made concerning
type and kind of project administration and its position 
wit-', regard to the existing administrative structure
functions of the project management
- internaL organizations of the project management, in par
ticular the structure of sections and sub-sections (or
ganization chart)
staffing; detailed staffing requirements for the imple
mentation and operation of the Project will be determined 
training requirements and cooperation with existing train
ing institutions; the possibilities of "on-the-job" train
ing within existing similar schemes will be examined, the
required standards of education and/or training of the
labourers and staff to be employed will be specified 
outline proposal for an accounting system to ensure an 
effective cost control during the operation of the schemes.
Special       attention       will       be      paid       to      extension      services      for      the training and guidance of the farmers-
Costs of the management services,  including  capital charges and annual recurring  cost will be considered  and  given  in  detail in the economic evaluation-
4.5.7                 Implementation Pro?rairone/Phasing.
Arrangements for the inplementatlon of the recodended scheme
will       be       proposed       and       detailed       phasing       «>«       °ut         £or          thG          £o£ lowing items:
a       detailed       oroject       implementation       schedule       will       be       pre pared       in       close       cooperation       with       the       concerned       instltu- tions and agencies43
for each development phase, the personnel, the physical
and financial requirements will be established
number of farmers who will participate in the scheme
construction arrangements for irrigation and other works
and recommendations with regard to construction methods
and procedure
strengthening  measures such  as staff training  will be re commended,  combined  with  any  consulting  assistance as may be required.
4.5.8 Economic and Financial Evaluation
The economic and financial evaluation of the Project will be
carried out at three levels:
at farm level (agro-economy)
at       the       level       of       the       project       authority       (financial       analysis) at the level of the national economy (economic analysis) ,
Ag rp-Economy
At farm level costs and revenues will be calculated:
“ per unit of crop production - "crop budgets"
per main farm type - "farm budgets", both with and without investment costs and with regard to the subsistence re- quirements. The advantage of emphasizing on crop produc tion on the one hand and on, if possible, animal husbandry on the other will be taken into consideration,
Th G
future     farm     budgets     will     be     compared     with     those     of     the     pre-
n ^ly existing farms.44
Special attention will he paid to the costs arising from irri gation and the possibilities to recover these costs from the project’s participants  taken into account their repayment ca-
F
pad ty -
cash-flow      analysis      of      sample      farms      will      he      made      and      the      part of        the        revenues        necessary/disposable        for        project        charges        (cur rent      costs      f         share      of      the      investment      costs)      as      well      as      eventual credit requirements will be considered and discussed.
Financial Evaluation
The following subjects will be treated in detail:
Project costs
Total project costs (investment costs) ,  including  working capital as well as running  costs,  will be given  on  a year by year schedule for the investment period of the Project.
Detailed cost estimates, broken down into local and foreign exchange costs, will be given. For the following items, 
the unit costs and the number of units required each year and over the whole investment period will be specified:
. Project administration costs
vehicles and equipment
*. building and construction
-. wages and salaries
• * vehicle running costs
.. other operating costs
-. maintenance costs
• Production costs
investment costs
>- annual operating costs
both being broken down into appropriate items.45
A full account will be provided on the basis of the estimates, quantities and provision for contingencies.
A cash-flow analysis (covering the economic lifetime of the Pro ject) will take into account different possible levels of charges
to the participants and all expenses and revenues directly in- curred by, or accruing to, the Project. It will show the liqudity and/or the financial requirements of the project sponsor year by year.
If appropriate the established cash-flow will be used to calcu late the financial internal rate of return. By means of sensiti
vity analyses it will be shown how changes in the assumptions concerning yields, costs and revenue, and in the implementation schedule will affect the IRR.
Economic Evaluation
Economic cost-benefit analysis
An economic internal rate of return (with sensitivity ana lyses) will be calculated for the Project by comparing the incremental costs and benefits of the Project over its total lifetime. The costs and benefits will be deter mined using the Little/Mirrlees method.
Balance of payments effects
This will involve the calculation of the net effect of
the Project on Ethiopia’s balance of payments situation by comparing the foreign exchange costs of imoorts for project implementation with additional foreign exchange
earned or saved by the Project (exports and/or substitution of imports).4G
Employment effects
The effects of the Project on employment will be measured in terms of additional man-years of employment resulting from the Project,
Impact on income distribution
An attemot will be made to assess the Project from the point of view of income distribution.
Impact on Government budget
Here the impact of the Project on the Government budget at various levels will be established by computing incre mental expenditures, revenue foregone and the increase in tax and other revenues. This will cover the changes in direct and indirect taxes.
I
i
147 -
5 „ Organ iz at ion_ and Performance of Services
5 B1 Work Programme and Personnel Assignment Schedule
For easier understanding, the sequence and the interdependance of the multi-disciplinary activities described in the foregoing chapters is outlined in Table 1 and in the Flow Chart. These charts cover the essential services and steps of the investiga
tions and study procedures and gives further an identification 
of the various categories of experts involved.
Table 2, showing an "Expert Assignment Schedule", has been ela borated on the basis of the anticipated work programme. This assignment schedule shows when the different experts will carry out their respective activities.
In the elaboration of these charts due consideration has been given to the defined date of commencement  being May 1980.
r
The initial period after the main team's arrival in October is intended mainly to serve as a thorough review of the existing documentation on the Project, and to update and re-evaluate all
[necessary] planning data.
After discussions to be held with the various Government agencies concerned, during which problems and intentions will be defined, the various exoerts will continue with the technical project
studies and analysis of the present situation and the potential development of irrigated and rainfed agriculture in the Project Area.
The preliminary study phase of two months starting in May 1980 is intended to conclude with the formulation of the final scope
of  work and the demarcation of the Project Area. These data will be comoiled in an inception report and be discussed with the competent authorities with regard to the further planning work.IABLE 1 DABOUS IRRIGATION PROJECT
f desmpjidn cf WORK
A. Ri'i.c'WA TRANCE 5'TRVEY
I.           DATA   CCLL-tCTlDN
*• SOIL SURVEY
J.       xmb :rjvri'.w p.'rvey
ri- feasibility study
I. PNLPA1IAT1ON OF PLANNING TATA
- MPIHLIZATirw
SuClOUfUlVAL BWVEY
SOIL 5UHUKY
crdtechhical in Vi stccattcine TO!‘OGIV.ru I CAL Q LIMEY WTWUJIDGY AND IILTtUULLCCY AGRONOMY
IRRIGATION
1W RAFTflUCTlW
AGRO-ECONOMY/ MAPKMING
13 'USZXiY AND EPOS ION CWT H i • L I I'1,1'A I'AT [ i -I* pF AN OUTLINE PLAN <- ii r' :ntL!TT PLANNING
1.L A'JI I CULTURAL PLANNING
-     finer q-ecdwomY
-     AGAICUL7VRE
’ FARIA ECOHGUirj
-      iriPiTSj^omprtf/cot-rs
3. 7 IRRIGATION HANNING
DISCIPLINE fee
PL AM OF OPERATIONS
JUHWrpjf LAY-C'JT
chain age works
IltA ’WJHKS/HAJOft IlYt kALNiC STRUCTURES cc5ts
i. J PHYSICAL ENi HAUTMULTLiiE ROADS
nJI’SIHFi
KMEA
HATER SUPPLY
COSTS
i ■ i social lhfrastr i jct urn
HEALTH ruucATiw COSTS
"KGWJSJATiarr MiD J4MUL5EMLr "r
1
EXTtKSIOWABEDIT
0PERAT TOK A*rtJ MAINTENANCE
w,rHAT:v*i Arm WNAtrx&rr
^wrArtPH prolhawet/phasing trOflOMtU EVALUATION "
- KLAtonxATiCM OF PROJECT COSTS ’ fpivict economy
WFPCRTtNG
Efr><QD T INCEPTION REPORT
• PROGRESS REPCPJ
■ uUrUNE PINAL REPORT
LL
O’flFt FINAL flEROBT- 3 MONTHS LATER
I RCSPONSIQLE EXPfCr
------------------ Pit C-PAF7 Final report
final    report>   !   months    after    comments    vm„?>   ^PPDRTIN5     wwr
«AlN¥ seasonTABLE 2‘ OABOUS IRRIGATION PROJECT
EXPERT ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULE
1900
Ro
DISCIPLINE
NAME Of EXPERT
may    w
I9B1
Wg
gglgji
CCT
NOV.     DEC
1
JAN Ifu [MARCH APRil.
MAY                  ; MV
1 MAN MONTHS
; ETH LER
“• IN’ERh
HIGHTS
1
7
J
4
s
b
7
$
10
11
1?
13
natural resources
pedologist
PtDOLDGIST
SOIL MEO HANK EAPERT TOPCGPAPHEW
myduOlOGIST
ECDLOGiST
STUURHAN
WILDER
KLEBER
fECHNER
OR SULSFR
WATSON
1
H
■
—
C 25 2 ZOO 1
• 00             1 i so              t 1 SO           1
| i n-a              j
4GmcuLTL»E
AGPC'NOM 1 ST /1 E AMLt A D? R A&ROHCeiST rlHUlDATION 1 AGROhOMIST 1 MECHANIZATION) Ah'HAL HUSBANDRY
1
i MAC DONALD
CLBtRS
CLARKE
DAHL
r
...
[-n
r™
S 25
14
—
3n
2 25
1 o:
?ao
1 so
1 so
4 75
1 25
2 50
•
■•
? as 1 1 00 1
0 5ft
AGRO • ECONOMICS
AGRO -ECONOMIST lECOMCMlSTI SOCIOLOGIST
ECONOMIC / FINANCIAL ANALYST
ungethCn
DR RA.JM
NOLTING
—
1
1
2 75
1
*1
IS
ifi
ENG KEEPING
IRRIGAIIDS (N&’NIfR
CIVIL ENGINEER
PHYSICAL PLANNER
BALDWIN / WITHERS
GARTNER
SAUERM'LCH
1
100
2 Oft
J
I
J GO
1.50
2 02
5 75
Z 75
1 25
2
t
__
SUH - TOTAL
17
backstopped
VERHOEVEN / VAN WiSSfN/ SCHN TTQER
1J
„
1
2775         R75           16
0 SO             -
REPORT ParPAPAUDN
MAC DONALD
1
1
■ 1 1
-            1 50
-
TOTAL
N 75
tu
H 75
M----------
19
16
3 DRAUGHTSMEN
-4 —
1
"1
-
10 00
1
fuEND ETHIOPIA RANT SEASON
«>»•• GERMANYContract No.: DP/ETH/78/013-2/AGOA
STATEMENT OF RATES AND ESTIMATED PERIODS OF SERVICES OF contractor’s PERSONNEL
ANNEXES IL - Page .2
Service in Field
Service at Contractor’s Hqs
TOTAL
JOB TITLE
No. of             Number man- or             of
months*         days
Man- Daily month or rate
rate
No. of             Number man- or of
months              days
Man- Daily month or rate
rate
Field              j Maximum
costs by
job title
!!2
Maximum costs by
job title
Headquarters staff
(job title)
S taurman
Mulder
Fechner
Dr. Sulser
Hac Donald
Elb ers
Dahl
i Ungethilm
Dr. Baum
Nolting
Balwin / Withers
Gartner
Sauermilch
Verhoevcn/van Wissen
Dr. Schnittger
3 25
r
2.25
2.00
1.50
4.75
1.25
1.50
2.75
3.00
2.00
4.25
2.00
1.50
1.50
5.25
1.00
0.50
3.00
1.50
2.00
5.25
2.75
1.25
0.50
■
Grand TotalContract No.: DP/ElN/78/OlJ-2/AGOA
STATEMENT OF RATES AND ESTIMATED PERIODS OF SERVICES OF CONTRACTOR’S PERSONNEL
ANNEXES It - Page 2I.. .............................................................. ... ....................*................... ... ................................................................ .... ..................................
Dole*
£roc» »»•!• of po»T
From 19 7 7
To (Present)
;oil surveyor - eoclogist
Name qI Employer
Duty Station
Essen 
AGRAR-UND HYDROTECHNI
K GMBH
Type of buiiren
Nuirber ond Ijiao of employee* »upe**»*ed
E«oc» vile of po»»
F ram 19 68
Soil surveyor - ecologist
Duty Station
Hunting Technical Services Ltd
Addreu of Employer
Number end Icmd o# employee* toper* i led
E iacl till* □* pol»
From
Norr.e of Employer
Duty Elation
y
Adcrett of Employer
Number and kind of employee* luperviiwd
12. Li»» moisr eontulf.ng cttignmentt during loll fiwe year*. Also bet all att.gnmenlt for or with Infernotionol Orgom xolion 2.
1975                     LEBOWA MBABANE
1976
Soil survey and rural planning Feasibility study anc
Soil          and          vegetation          s rehabilitation after
soil survey
urvey             for open cast
processing urvey and
envi
coal raining
ronmental
1977                       BOLIVIA-   MUTUN Soil survey
LIBYAN
1977-70                 SUDAN
feasibility study
1978
TANZANIA
Soil survey and data
South Kordofan, soil
Rufiji Basin, Kapunga
19 79                     YEMEN                               Wadi Jawf Basin, soil
Rice Irrigation Project survey for irrigation
SRI LANKA
Coordination 
fo 
teams
veyors - Mahaweli Gang
of         Sri         Lanken         soil         sur- a Development Project
' hereby certify that the         cbo*e w 0 true and carreer ju'e-t/it
Nam*
Dare of comp/eF,|
on."_
S«gnalur»'
T,f/riAgrar- und Hydrotechnik GobH
Address af Employer
ost five years to be . «fed m reverse
Exact title of post
Soil Scientist M.Sc
Duty Station
Essen
Type of business
Number and kina oF employees supervised
Dates
E«ac* Mie of post
F tom
IT°
1-
Duty Station
Type al business
Address ol Employer
Number and kind of employees Swpervi sed
Dares
E sact title c< post
From
Name ai Employer
Address tmpioyer
Type ol business
12I,, List mO’ar consulting 0:
isstgnnienis during lost five years. Also list oJI assignments for ar with Intern ational 0'goni xo»ion3,
1975                Tanzania
1976            Sudan Ethiopia
1977              Libya 1970               Liberia 1979              Libya
Tanga Water Master Plan
Compilation of a photo-interpretation map
Semi-detai led soil survey Kussabat Gharian Project, Nimba County, exploratory Kussabat Gharian, project
for an agricultural development projpct Teamleador for the soil survey 
and reconnaissance soil survey leader for the erosion control project
t hereby certify tpot the caove
ti a true and correct statement
Da.'e af completion
Signature
Tif/e.'1
r« i-■»> c i... ............................... .................................................._................... ..... ...... •
Oatai
Croc* fi1 le of po»*
From 1964
To (Present)
Nene of Emplor*'
Du»y Station
Adrfrei* of Eroloy*'
Independant Consultant
Number and kir*a of employee! lupeirviied
Exoc* Idle oi po*«
Z fjn
[July Station
Type of buiineis
Addreit of Employer
Da'»i
F eact title of poit
F'on
To
Name al Lnpioyer
Duty Stot.an
Type 0* buftiness
Addresi of Employer
Number end wind of employee! lupervited
12. Litt major can lu I ting fl»»ignmenti during last (|we years. Al *o I i*t oil assignments for or with International Orgom I o h on
SOMALIA                        Transjuba Livestock Project
LIBYA BURUNDI NIGERIA YEMEN
Grain         Production Project Essen Water        Supply Bujumbura Earth          Dam Katsina
Wadi             Jawf            Project
:             Soundings, sampling              of
standard            penetration 
test* 
disturbed 
and              undisturbed 
material, preparation of a report
' hereby certify that the tao*r
■ « <3 true arid correct ttaie-ienf
Dare of campfer.cn
Signature?title pai*
Fro/n       1976
Survey Engineer
Type of buitnen
Address a I Eirp Icjjrtr
Road Construction, Power Statkr.
Dates.
fc wocT if■ tje □ t pa If
Fra hi                 1975 Nome i?t Employer
To              1976
Fist field surveying engineer
Trapp ft Pamters I.V,
Dufy 5faFian
We sei
Type of butiness
Addreis d Employer
Road Construction
NumbBF grid kirtd of eMplayens. Supervited
3 Pakistan survey engineers
12. Lili
mQ|o
r consulting
dunng Im f.». years. Alia Im all mirgntherni far or ^.th Inteme+i^d C ;«
1975-19
76
Sultanate of Oman
45      km      road      construction      with      about      70      culve
rts
t
1 1/2 km Irish bridge and a 40 m deep rock citti’-
1976-
1977
Nigeria
1st.       surveyori       25       km       road       construction       (5 
tea^:l
on fourlane bridge with 800 m Long subway (2
1977-
1976
Iran
Power station with off-share section,
oil unloading station for trucks and railway  .
f
site engineer for the earth work of   20 k- P !
a1i-
rNcm< g>I E*t-pIay r'
AGRAR-UND HYDROTECHNIK GMBH
Addrcti gl ffliplaypr
From 1971
Nam fl af Employer
Technical University Darmstadt
Civil □nd hydraulic engineer
r.ael ii ■ I■ O' pa it
Dsjiy Si atia ft
Essen
1 y'pe e'f buiir»M
Number a nd It one g I ■mplsyniB* SUptFMjl
E iac* nt|» o ► pt>P
Assistant professor and lecturer
Duly Stan an
Darmstadt.______
Type of bunntii
Institute         for         hydraulic         engineering         and         water         re source planning
Number and kind pl &mpla fc*i iupftrwliad
¥
Fc&rni
Name gf
Dates
1 To
E XQCl title □ 1“ m’
D^iy $|gfinn
Type al butlntti
Wyfriti? and kind al eprip T Dy? r i tupervittd
12. Left rraejcr Cafttijhpnp □ s s. ^.nrn «a» 1 during las! Five jreijrj, Allo lint all nssiginmeritl tar or wi th IntUfnoVicnal 0rganl 1 a«'□« 5
1971 - 1978                  Assistant professor and lecturer E Investigations on river construction
and          general          hydraulicsr               model          computa tions.
1979                      Feasibility Study for the irrigation of the Abda Doukkala Project
I herrby ccriUy rhar rhe wove
grf camp leFran
Si gnOtu/e:
t j hut
eOTFUCrTl. iMofmobc* regarding
held during 01 I<qi! fh» I
j to be liilad m rever             crcer,
I
Number end kind of employees Supervised
Fro-*
Dares
| To
Exaer ride ot post
Noma of Employe?
Duly Siafion
Type of buSines s
Aadross of Employe?
12. Lit* major consulting assignments during last five years.
Number and kind of employees supervised
Also lilt all assignments (or or »»’th ln*ema*>ona| Organi xatr on i.
1974-1976 Kenya
1976-1977 Sudan
1978
1979-1980           Tanzania
Studie         of         ecological         implications         for         the         Diani         Resort Complex for Kenya Coast Planners commissioned by World Bank
A      pilot      study      of      forests      using      a      new      photograme      tr      ic      method for the Forestry Department, Khartoum
A study of oil pollution survey and surveillance methods in the north sea in conjunction with British Petroleum and U.K. Department of Trade
A study of the Biological Implications of the Stigs Hydro-Power Project of the Rufiji River System for the Rufiji Basin Development Authority
hereby certify rhpf rhe cbov#
a truf and correc* siare^enr
Dae of
Tirl*
Sign elute.I
Iy
* i
J-IL 3l  VIt Inlormniien r«gcr3ir-S so
Ilion s hetd swFing al ItasF   me laM ■            r tq
,< fo be liifed i.i reverie
ofder.
Ejact ml® qF P«’
Team leader
Name Employer
Agrar- und Hydrotechnik GmbH Addrss i aF Employ er
Dufy S'dhQrt
Essen
Tyj>ff of bu* ine* *
Number and Itind o< employee* tupervited
E Tdl* of do*1
1974
Engineering and Resources Consul rant^ Ercon 
Addreii £»nploy«r
Bracknell / U.K.
Head of Agricultural Services Division
iQu'v ilution Typ • q f busintil
Exact T|I. * qF pall
From
Addreit c* Employer
Agronomist, Responsible participation in many projects i Bangladesh
Pakistan Saudi Arabia Jordan
1977-79
Iraq
Sierra Leone
Nigeria
Project investigations, project implementation New Haifa Rehabilitation Project, Feasibility Study
prefey eerhty ih* ebisve
j r» e and carfcc' irafrmen!
u
A'e-;®.
Es’c af eamp/cffg/)-
Tjfle ____ _
Si □rralLirc1
I
IIs
I
■■
<■TT
■■■ r.,...r order.
Dales
U.ld dur.n, ar I..V .h. Io.. I.« »«’» <□ b«
Erect of po*f
From 1967
Nome oi Employer
To
AGRA R- UND HYDROTECHNIK GMBH
Address o< Employer
Irrigation and drainage engineer
Duly Slarfon
Essen 
Type of business
From
Name of Employer
Addreu of Emptoyer
aiei
To
E sect title of pot*
Duly Sfo’ion
Type o< business
Number and kind of employees Supervised
E «oct title pt po if
Duly 5<ot on
Type of business
Number and kind of employees supervised
i
Dores
From
Nome ol Employer
Address ol Employer
To
1975 - 1977
1977
1978
1978
NEPAL          Chitwan Valley
EGYPT           Dakhla Irrigation and Drainage Project IRAQ             Irrigation and Drainage Project
LIBERIA Nimba Integrated Rural Development Project
I hereby certify that the cbove
is O true and correct statement
N'lJr«e
Do’e of campler.on
Title
SigrsOlure:*«1
■
7
JII Jnlarm aHofl
Nome of Employer
Address nF Emaloyer
Typ* buLnem
Number and kina of employees supervised
Dale*
E*oc* Prill* o< poif
Fran 1977
Na/re al Employer
To
1970
GMBH
Agricultural mechanisation consultant
Duly Stall art
Essen
A<jKAK-UND               MIDHUTtUMiNJlH.
Addffft           Employer
Type of buiinCkf
, Studies
Number and kind of employ oet supervise)
Dai
91
To
£ «acT »ilie ar pov
From
Nome ol Employer
Address of Employer
Dufy blafion
Type o' business
Agricultural engineer
British Ministry  Of     Overseas Develop.
Number and kind of employees supervised
12 Lim       mOjor consulting assignments during
Iasi five years. Also Lit all ostignmenrs for or with Infema'ional O'ga”« ration 5_
1975 -- 1976                 SUWAN, KOREA             Korea/U.K. Farm machinery training project
1976
1977 1977
1978
AUSTRALIA                     Rice, Sugar cane, dryland farming projects SAUDI ARAB TA
LIBYA MOCAMBIQUE SUDAN
Similar studies New Haifa Project
Agricultural engineer, on eight separate projects
Nuba Mountains .Masterplan Study
/ hereby certify ihor tne above
. > o rme and «rreer * ra ramen f
Dore of ccrfip/e rjon ' „
Sign fill/**:Jf
I
f
Ir11. Information regarding position held dur'nj of leal 0?. loir f.v» »•*’* '« b« ll*,sd "’
Escci hr!? of pc*1
order
Livestock Production Expert
From 1975
No*n* nF Employe*
Addr*t% nF Employ**
AGRAR-UND HYDROTECHNIK GMBH
Dufy Station Essen 
Typ* al busings
D 3<«>
E«OCf fl lie of po«r
Ff&ffl
1
Ta
Name         Employ**
Dusy Station
Type a i bu iin*l i
Address flf Employ**
i-
Number and kind □ ( e-npleyves * p«rv|»ed
w
Dates
E* ael title of p&*t
From
TCS
Num* «*! Employer
Duty Sialiart
Type of b u S «n • S S
Addren o( Employ**
Number and kind of employ*** supervised
12. Lili HO|af consulting as signmenfs during loll Gv* years. Also hsi aH assignments for at with In f rm ational Orgsnitatlins,
1975 LIBERIA
1976 ETHIOPIA
SUDAN
1977 SUDAN
Execution of a pre-fcasibility study for the agricultural
Regional        Development        Programs        for        the        drought-stricken        area of North Nolle
Feasibility Study of a mechanized faming project
Analysis of livestock potential in the Nuba Mountain Region
1977-70        TUNISIA                    Evaluation of livestock potential for the Jcndouba Region,
Sou Heurtmd
19 7S                  SUDAN                   Analysis        of        livestock        potential        for        the        New        Haifa        Irrigation Scheme
1970-79           SUDAN                   Member of a project identificatlor. mission to the Sudan for L F. A. A» D.
1979               UPPER VOLTA         Analysis of Che livestock potential for the Bougouriba Region
CENTRAL
AFRICAN
EMPIRE
Preparation of a detailed livestock development project in Ouham-Pende
r.h'r;
J hereby cerrify rnar rhe shove
,4 0 Ffye or»J Co*riCt Ha’rmenf
Ctf’C of nmpieTIOr,rf* JL/r ADole* *
To (Presold
Agricultural economist
NoHf ol Employer
Duly S’ofton
Essen 
F '”A" GRAR-1977  UND HYDROTECHNIK GMBH
Type of bu*ine*i
Addre** o< Employer
From
Name at Employer
Addre** af Employer
Dole*
I To
Number and kino of employee* supervised
Exoc* title ol poll
Duty $101*00
Type of business
Number end kind ol employee* »upervi»od
E xaet title of post
Duty Station
Type ol EuSfaOtt
Number and hind of employee* tupervited
»
From
□ole*
To
Addre** ol Employer
12. Lilt major Contwlting assignment* during last live year*.
Also list all assignment* for or with International O'gam talion*.
1977
1978 1978-79
1979
SUDAN             Masterplan for rural development/
SIERRA
LEONE              Processing and marketing of rice
TANZANIA Kapunga Rice Project Feasibility Study
CENTRAL
AFRICAN EMPIRE Ouham-Pende Project, Assistant to the project leader
Nuba Mountains Region
I hereby certify that the cbove
* a true and correc* statement
Do*e of comp/etron
St jnalurtb
ortjei
i
Eiac* Nile c» 5Q»’
Fisheries Socio-Ecor.omist
Djty Sta’ion
German Agency for Technic
al Cooperati
1975-1977
Asia
South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Pr-g
rann*
1977-1978
Indonesia
Indonesian-Gerain Demersal Fisheries Development Project,
Sernarang / Central Java
1979
P_ru 
Development of a fisheries cooperative at Caleta Vidal /
1979
1979
Domartancnto Chancay
Sri       Lanka       Joint       Venture       Randenlgala       under       the       accelerated Manaweli Development Schene
Tanzania Rufiji Basin Development Project—4..*
ntif'ii
isK‘
II. Inlo»mo»«pn ugarain; pon
Gon* held du».ng o» l»a«1
iho loit li*« yt^r
» Ip be II»l«d in /•*•'*• order.
Dat«»
Eroct title pl po»F
From 1975 
I ^r*5e,,r^
Economist/tropical agriculturist
Nome pF Emplorer
Duty Station
Essen 
AGRAR- UNO HYDROT
ECHNIK GMBH
Typo of butinosi
Addrvis of Employer
Number and kino of • mplpyecs tuporvtted
Date*
E*oc* title of post
—**
Add'Ot* of Employer
Duty Stotion
Typo of bulineti
Number and kind of employee* Supervised
Dote*
E*act title of post
From
To
Name or Employer
Duty Station
Type of business
Aodrets o» tnployar
Number and kind of employee* Supervised
12.    List mo|cr consulting assignment* during last five years. Also .list oil assignments for or with Iniemahonal Organization a.
1976              SUDAN                          Feasibility study in South Darfur, Southern Kordofan
NETHERLAND/
ANTI LLES                    Pro-Feasibility study of a vegetable cultivation project
1977              SUDAN                           Market analysis for tea.
1978               SYRIA                             Economist       and       deputy       team       leader       for       the       elaboration       of       a feasibility study on a potato cold storage project
SUDAN                           New Haifa Irrigation Project, Rehabilitation study
1979                TANZANIA                    Kapunga Rice Project
SRI LANKA                    Mahaweli Ganga Development Scheme
f ^creby certify that the cpove
.» 3 true ond correct statement
A'ome.
Da.'r of comp/ehon'
T i tie;
Si gnotureI* i—.
KA
I
Dotes
Erect till* of po»’
‘------
From
I To (Present)
1970
Responsible f
or technical supervision of co
activities _in 
overseas ________________°®Parry .
Nome of Employer
Duty Station
" ---_
w
Essen
AGRAR- UNO HYDROTECHNIK GMBH
Address of Employer
Type of business
Irrigation and Drainage Department
Number ana kind of employees supervised
Dates
Exact title o 1 post
From
1976
Nome o’ Employer
Booker
Agriculture International Ltd.
1 To
1978
Project Manager
Duty Station
Type of business
Address of Employer
•
Number ond kind of employees supervised
Dates
E«ect title at post
From
1975
1 T°
1976
Project Manager
Nome        Employer
Duty Station
Sir Mac Donald   and Partners
Type of business
Address o< Employer
Number and kind of employees supervised
12. List mo^or consulting oingnmtnii during lost five years. Also het oil gingnmenti for or with International Organi »ation s.
1975         Brazil
Sao Paulo, Feasibility Study of a pumped irrigation project
1976          Iran                      Feasibility Study of water resources
1977 Ethiopia Study for the expansion of the Wonji-Shoa and Metahara estates
1977
Consultant to Asian Development Bank
1978 Tanzania Kapunga Rice Project
Yemen                 Wadi Jawf
Sri Lanka
Randenigala hydro-electric and irrigation project
I hereto} certify rnjr the cpa*e
.* a tr e and correct statement
w
Do»e o/ completionr
tr
»r11. Infoemot.on Fegarcmg pos tions held during at least rhe osl ft*» y
i ro be litftd                erje order.
—
Dores
Eract title of po
From
To (Present/ 1979
1977
Nam e  of Employer
Free Consultant
Addrest of Employer
Dares
From
Nome of Employer
lJT°
j 21
Sir M. Mac Donald & Partners
Address pt Employe*
Duty Station
Type of business
Number and kino of employees supervised
Exoe» title o< pc st
Resident Engineer
Duty St oh on
Typo of busmess
Irrigation Project
Njmber and kind of employees supervised
12 graduate engineers
E ■oct title ©* post
F ram
1975
Name o* Employer
Doles
To
1977
Resident Engineer for Site Design
free Consultant
Duty Station
Type o I bu s*nes •
Acdress ot Employer
12. List fflafer consulting assignments during lost five years. Alio list oil assignment* f©r or with International Organisations.
1976-1977 1978 1978
1979
Iraq
Iran
Lower Khalis Project
Cross Drainage of the Pars Gas Trunk Line
Nigeria                 Donga Feasibility Study Sri Lanka
Victoria Hydro-electric and Irrigation Scheme
hereby certify that the fibo*t
s j true and correct itare—ent
Nome_________________________________ ___________
Da’e of co—oletfon __________ _______________________4
I
I1973-1977            Ecuador               Feasibility study for the Carrlzal-Chone Irrigation Project
Backstopping services for several regional development projects
J
Brazil
in Brazil
Chief engineer and project manager for design and super vision of flood protection measures and sewage disposal
system of the town of Sao Leopoldo
1977
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Fertilizer Promotion Project
Sumatra
Water Supply of the town of Balige
1978
Guy .in a
Upper Demerara Forestry Project
since 1977
Resident in Portugal for AHT
Proposal elaboration for agricultural, irrigation and 
sewerage studies
I hereby certify
«r»e caove
is <3 rrve and correct iM’rient
Title
S»jn Q’ufet1
Ir
I
I
I
I
I
V
I
I
Ah (A >2*n.
From 1978
.......................... .. . ............... - ...... ................... . ... .......... ............. ..
Dales
Exact title of post
(Present
Urban and Rural Planner
Duty Station
Essen
AddAresGs RoFAERm-p UloyNerD HYDROTECHNIK GMBH
F'on.
lg75
Nome o' Employ**
DExuatyctOtritaletioon<
post
Haiti
UNDP
Expert in 
urban and rural development
Type of busin
ess
Address of Employer
Advisor      to      the      Government      on      urban      and      rural development planning 
Number and kind of employees Supervised
5 professional counterpart staff
Dotes
Exocl title o' post
From
Duly Station
Type oF business
Number and kind of employees supervised
1975-1978
Participation         in         a         project         on         the         physical         planning,         construction and housing development of Port au Prince/Haitl
Urban and regional planning
1978-1979
Algeria Egypt
Sudan Tanzania
i
I
Aures Mountains Integrated Regional Development Project Participation concerning infrastructural aspects
within a large-scale irrigation scheme
Layout design of settlement within a large irrigation scheme Layout design and programmes for implementation of physical and social infrastructure in two irrigation 
schemes
I hereby certify that rhe is a true sod correct
Du’e of comp'erfon
Signofu'eII. InformotiC* rogcrd'*
Erect
poft
Nome af Employer
Duty a»a»,o”
Agrar- und Hydrotechni
k QnbH
Type of buIiHPB 1
Address at Employer
Number and kmo of employees supervised
From
Dotes
To
Exac’ title of post
Duty Slation
Type of business
Address of Employer
«
□ ores
title o‘ post
From
Duty Station
Type of business
Address of Employer
Number ond kind of employees supervised
12. Lilt moior Consulting assignments during lost five years. Also .list all assignments for or with Intern o»icnal Organi lotions.
Since 1975 Libya
Sudan Tunisia Sudan Sudan Tunisia Sudan
Chief soil surveyor for the Kufra Irrigation Project Project leader for a feasibility study 
Team leader for a project appraisal mission 
Team leader for a pre-feasibility study
Project director for the evaluation of natural resources Project director of the Bou Heurtma Project
Project director for the New Haifa Rehabilitation Study
Mauretania Project director for the Tagant Master Plan Study
I hereby certify thor rhe coo*e
• s o true and correct stp»e-ent
iVone —_____
Do»e of COrnp/efiOn
Si gnature•1976
Since 1977
Preparation of project proposal for the Usambara Eco- Development Scheme
Project manager of the reconnaissance studies for
irrigated agriculture in Mkomazi and the Lower Pangani V*’-W Head Department Africa
I hereby ccrttly th?f rhe ejave
it J true and correct »ro*e-j»n»
So’e of
Coma;eF 0n
.
Sigc»o»u*«1
4.*
I
Iu
X
U
J 
«’• b’ l,‘,e’ ................................................................................................................................................................ ........................ I I Informot.on re ord'«g peSif^nS held
3
^Eroc* »»•!• of p®»’
From 1970
Nome of E-p'oyer
Dotes
I To (Present)
Chief Economist
[Duty S»a»»on
Essen
Agrar- und Hydrotechnik QnbH
Addrei* of Employ*^
Type of bu
Number ord «no of employe*! «up«'».i»d
ElOC» »ltlo of po*t
From
Nem* o' Employer
Add'eil of Employer
Dates
jTo
Dotes
I T.
Nome o* Employer
type of IviindlS
Number end «m«j of employees tuperviiod
L»acf rifle of post
Duty Station
Type of business
12. List major consults
1975        Liberia
1976
1977
1978
Bolivia Liberia Sudan Bolivia Sudan Sudan Liberia Egypt Sudan Sudan 
i.ng assignments during lost hue years. Also Jilt oil assignments for or with International Orgonii«»
Bong County Agricultural Development Project, Feasibility Stidy Rio Grande Rositas Project, Pre-Feasibili ty Study
Central Montserrado Development Programme
Pre-Feasibility Study 
Rio Grande Rositas Project, Feasibility Study for an Irriga
.     ?r: £
j-
Cash     Crop     Production     Project    in    Equatoria    Province,    Tea    Feasi
H.
study
m——   •
Sierra Leone Feta Fsibi ealsiith<y Sl<tudy >«» 1979 Tanzania
Nuba     Mount   .. ains
Nuba Mountains Region Pilot Project, Feasibility Study Nimba Integrated Rural Development Project, Pre-Feasibility Dakhla Oasis Drainage Project, Feasibility Study
New Haifa Rehabilitation Project, Feasibility Study
Region,     Masterplan     for     Agricultural     Develop11,320
Sri Lanka Sudan Jamaica
Kapunga Rice Project, Feasibility Study Randenigala Multipurpose Project, Feasibility Study Upper Talanga Tea Project, Review Mission Jamaica National Water Plan, Preparatory Study
»
I   hereby   ctrtfiy   rhor   tr»e   cjo»e >s s true ond correct statement
CQl*p/er.on-
rrNe\______
□ lureIt
JI.
'» I
I/

Summery

Summary of Dabous Irrigation Project Proposal

Technical Proposal for Dabous Irrigation Project

Project Overview

The document is a technical proposal submitted by Agrar- und Hydrotechnik GmbH (AHT) to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations for conducting a feasibility study on the development of irrigated agriculture in the Dabous Area, Wollega Province, Ethiopia.

Key Details:

Date: April 1980
Reference: DP/ETH/78/013-2/AGOA
Subcontractor: Resource Management Research (RMR) for ecological studies
Estimated Duration: 64 man-months

Project Area Description

The Dabous Area is located in northwestern Wollega Administrative Region, characterized by:

Dendritic drainage system with the Dabous River flowing to the Blue Nile
Three major soil types: red latosols (50%), brown intergrade latosols (40%), and grumusols (5-10%)
Sparse population (less than 2 inhabitants/10 km² in over 60% of the area)
Current crops: sorghum, maize, sesame, and cotton in small plots

Study Objectives

The feasibility study aims to determine the viability of irrigated and rainfed agriculture in the Dabous Area, including:

Assessment of water availability and requirements
Topographic surveys and soil analysis
Engineering studies for irrigation systems
Agricultural and ecological impact studies
Socio-economic and financial evaluations

Methodology

Four Main Phases:

Phase	Description	Key Activities
1. Reconnaissance Survey	Initial assessment and data collection	Field visits, preliminary layout alternatives, swamp study
2. Preparation of Planning Data	Detailed surveys and investigations	Soil surveys, hydrological studies, socio-economic surveys
3. Development Alternatives	Formulation of potential solutions	Technical concepts, preliminary cost estimates
4. Feasibility Planning	Detailed planning and evaluation	Agricultural planning, irrigation design, economic analysis

Key Components

1. Soil Survey

Semi-detailed survey of approximately 25,000 ha (15,000 ha for irrigation, 10,000 ha for rainfed farming) including:

300 observations (225 borings, 75 profile pits)
Laboratory analysis of 50 samples at University of Leuven
Preparation of soil and land classification maps (1:50,000 scale)

2. Hydrological and Meteorological Studies

Review of existing river discharge data
Installation of a Class I meteorological station
Study of Dabous Swamp's hydrological role
Water quality analysis

3. Agricultural Planning

Includes crop selection, farm sizes, irrigation requirements, and support services:

Evaluation of cash crops and food crops
Determination of water requirements and irrigation intervals
Planning for farm machinery and support services

Project Team

AHT proposed a multidisciplinary team including:

Soil scientists and agronomists
Irrigation and civil engineers
Hydrologists and meteorologists
Socio-economists
Ecologists (from subcontractor RMR)

The team would be supported by AHT's headquarters staff in Essen, Germany.

Company Background

Agrar- und Hydrotechnik GmbH (AHT):

Founded in 1960, based in Essen, Germany
Over 200 experts in various disciplines
Extensive experience in developing countries
Previous projects in Ethiopia, Sudan, Tanzania, Bolivia, and other countries

Conclusion

The proposal outlines a comprehensive approach to assess the feasibility of developing irrigated agriculture in the Dabous Area, combining technical expertise with local knowledge and modern planning methods. The study would provide the foundation for potential future development of the region.