THE TRANSITIONAL GOVERNMENT OF ETHIOPIA
WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
BARO-AKOBO NATURAL RESOURCES INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT
MASTER PLAN
POSAL FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES
TECHNICAL PROPOSAL
VOLUME III: APPENDICES
JANUARY 1995
SV^O AND ASSOCIATESJ ■
1
’’
• *,        iyz--5
BARO-AKOBO NATURAL RESOURCES INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN STUDY
> PARTI TECHNICAL PROPOSAL
i
. VOLUME ID: APPENDICES 2 and 3
Appendix 2 Company Presentation & Brochures
(Flap 1-7)
Appendix 3
International Training Programm
(Flap 10)
X
•UK\ IK*IBARO-AKOBO NATURAL RESOURCES INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN STUDY
TABLE OF  CONTENTS
(SUMMARY)
PART I                 TECHNICAL PROPOSAL (IN THREE VOLUMES) VOLUME I: PROPOSAL (Bound Separately)
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
0            Introduction
1             Brief Description of SWECO and Associates
2             Appreciation of the Assignment
3             Development Strategy, Approach            and Methodology 4             Technical Details
5             Consultants Team Composition, Tasks and Organization 6             Schedule of Activities and Work     Plan
7             Services and Facilities Provided by WRDA
8             Technology and Skill Transfer VOLUME II: CURRICULUM VITAE (Bound Separately) VOLUME III: APPENDICES (This Volume)
PART II:                  FINANCIAL PROPOSAL (Bound separately)
Ccratsl .txu. Euo/950108JBARO-AKOBO NATURAL RESOURCES INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN STUDY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I TECHNICAL PROPOSAL (IN THREE VOLUMES) VOLUME I: PROPOSAL
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
0 INTRODUCTION
0.1 The Invitation
0.2 The Proposal
0.3 SWECO’s Strategies
1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SWECO AND ASSOCIATES 1.1 General
Short Description of SWECO and Associates 1.2.1          SWECO
1.2.2          ORGUT
1.2.3          WAPCOS
Page
1.2.4
1.2.5
Nordic Consulting Group (NCG)
Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI)
1.2.6          Swedmar
1.2.7          University of Berne 13 Organizational Structure
1.4 Financial Status
1.5 Level of Professional Staffing
1.6 Previous Activities in
1.6.1         SWECO
16.2         ORGUT
1.6.3         WAPCOS
Ethiopia
(0. ( v’j) (viii) (*x)
0/1
0/1
0/1
0/2
1/1
1/1
1/3
1/3
1/4
1/6
1/7
1/7
1/8
1/9
1/9
1/9
1/10
1/10
1/10
1/14
1/17
Comal .baa/F.t>o'9501 ORI
1
r2
1.7  Recent Experience in Master Planning Studies
1.8      Facilities and Equipment
1.8.1          SWECO's Head Office
1.8.2          Ethiopia
1.9      Letters of Association
appreciation of the assignment
2.1       Preparatory Mission
2.1.1           Proposal Preparation
2.1.2           List of persons and institutions met
ii
Page
1/21
1/36
1/36
1/37
1/37
‘- /l
2/1
2/4
2.1.3 
Literature References
2/5
2.1.4 
Excerpts from Proclamation no 41/1993 
2/6
2.1.5 
Remote sensing and G1S capacity in
Addis Abeba 
2/11
2.1.6 
Site visit to Baro-Akobo 
2/13
2.1.7 
Photographs from the Study Area 
2/14
2.2  Comments on the Terms of Reference
2.2.1         General
2/24
2/24
2.2.2 
Scope of Work
2/24
2.2.3 
Data Collection and Data Gaps
2/25
2.2.4 
Client Review and Approval
2/25
2.2.5 
Services and Facilities Provided by WRDA
2/26
2.2.6 
Liaison with Client
2/27
2.2.6.1       Inter Agency Steering Committee
2/27
2.2.6.2        Project Technical Committee
2/28
2.2.6.3       Lines of Communication
2/28
2.2.7 
Implementation Phases
2/28
2.2.8 
International Aspects
2/28
2.2.9 
Confidentiality 
2/30
2.2.10 
Quality Control
2/30
3 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Development Strategy 3.2 Planning Approach
3.3 Planning Concept
3.4 Methodology
3.5 Implementation Phases
3.5.1 
General
3/1
3/1
3/2
3/3
3/4
3/5
3.5.2 
Phase I: Review Phase
3/5
3/5
3.5.3 
Phase II: Master Plan Preparation Phase
3/6
3.6 Implementation Period                        &
3/10
Corns! bo/Euo/950108
"7^      (13.7 Sectoral Development Opportunities and
Alternative Strategies
3.7 Policy Framework
TECHNICAL DETAILS
4.1 Goals and Objectives
4.1.1           Goals
4.1.2           Objectives
4.1.3           Master Plan
4.2       Scope of Study
4.3       International Aspects
4.3.1          Terms of Reference
4.3.2           International Laws
4.3.3           Nile Water Treaties
4.3.4           Water Resources Projects
4.3.5           Scope of Work
4.4       Institutional Framework
4.4.1           Institutional Considerations
4.4.2           Implementation
4.5       Remote Sensing, Thematic Mapping and Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
4.5.1           /Approach
4.5.2           Remote Sensing
4.5.3           Thematic Map Preparation
4.5.4           Geographical Information    System
4.5.5           Implementation
Study Sectors
4.6.1 Natural Resources
A.                 Geology, Landform and Geomorphology
B.                  Land Capability and Suitability
C.                  Land Use and Land Cover D                 Soils for Agriculture
E.                 Agriculture
F-
Livestock
G.                  Forestry
H. Power and Energy
I.
Fisheries
L                  Wildlife and Tourism
K.                Mineral Resources
L                 Apiculture
Soil and Water Conservation
4.6.2           W'ater Resources
A.
B.
C.
Cl.
C2.
C3.
C4.
C5.
C6.
Page
3/10
3/13
4/1
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4/7
4/7
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4/10
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4/13
4/16
4.6.1/1 4.6.1/1 4.6.1/I 4.6.1/3
46.1/7
4.6.1/11
4.6.1/12
4.6.1/16
4.6  1/19
4.6.1/26
4.6 129
4  6.1/34
4.6.1/38
4.6.109
4.6.1/40
4.6.2/1
Overall Requirements
4.62/1
Background Information
4.62/2
Water Resources Study
4.62/18
Surface Water
4.6.2/18
Groundwafer
4.62/21
Water Resources Development
4.62/25
Hydropower
4.62/33
Waler Supply
4.6.2/42
System Modelling
4.62/44
Corns l ,b*i/Eoo/950l0R1iv
46.3            Infrastructure
A.       Rural Sen lenient Centres
B        Transportation Systems
C        Waler Supply find Waste Disposal
D        Commerce
E.       Communication
4.6.4
4.6.5
Environment
A.        Approach
B.        Background Information
C.        Objectives
D.        Scope of Environment   Study
E.        Study Arrangement
F.        Output
Socio-Economics
A.        Socio-economic and Cultural Aspects B.        Financial and Economic Aspects
4.7       Analytic and Optimization Models
4.8       Confidentiality Arrangement
5 CONSULTANT’S TEAM COMPOSITION. TASKS AND ORGANIZATION
5.1       StafT Organization
5.2       The Team
5.2.1           General
5.2.2          Team Organization, Staffing and Posts
5.3       Quality Control
5.3.1           General
5.3.2           Detailed Description
6 SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES AND WORK PLAN
6.1       Work Plan
Page
4.6.3/1
4.6.3/1
4.63/1
4.63/3
4  6.3/4
4.63/5
4.6.4/1
4.6.4/1
4.64/2
46.4/2
4.6.4/3
4.64/3
4 6.4/6
4.6.5/1
4 6.5/1
46.5/8
4.7/1 4.8/1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
Total Implementation Period
Work  Plan,  Reports  and  Meeting  Schedule, Schedule of Activities
6.1.2.1       Work Organization
6.1.2.2       Work Plan, Reports and
Meeting Schedule
6.1.2.3       Schedule of Activities
Staff Schedules
6.1.3.1       Staff Schedule by Study Sector
6.1.3.2       Summary Staff Schedule - International
Staff
6.1.3.3 Summary Staff Schedule - Ethiopian
6.1.4
Staff
Reports Schedule
/
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/1
5/2
5/36
5/36
5/36
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/1
6/2
6/2
6/2
6/2
6/2
6/2
6/3
Corns! .bM/Enc/9501 OH■
Fv
SERVICES AND FACILITIES PROVIDED BY WRDA 7.1 Documents
7.2       Personnel
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
Project Manager Professional Staff
Support Staff
Other Staff
7.3       Equipment. Goods and Services
7.3.1           General
7.3.2           Project Office
7.3.3           Field Office
7.3.4           Vehicles
7.3.5          Communications
7.3.6           Consultant Staff Housing and Hotel Accommodation
7.4 Costs
TECHNOLOGY AND SKILL TRANSFER
8.1 Approach
8.2 Types of Training
8.2.1           Major Types
8.2.2           On-the-job Training
8.2.3           Lectures, Seminars. Workshops 8.2.4           Study visits to Consultant’s
Headquarters in Sweden 8.2.5          Attendance at International
Conferences and Seminars 8.2.6           Formal Training Abroad
8.3 Major Training Modules
Page
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/1
7/2
7/3
7/3
7/3
7/4
7/5
7/5
7/5
7/5
7/5
8/1 8/1
8/1
8/1
8/2
8/2
8/3
8/3
8/3
8/4
8.3.1 
Mapping and GIS
8/4
8.3.2 
Power Load Forecast Model
8/5
8.3.3 
Water Resources Model
8/6
VOLUME II: APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Curriculum Vitae (Bound separately)
Conu I biA/Etw/950108VOLUME III: APPENDICES (Bound separately) Appendix 2:     Company Presentations and Brochures
2.1       SWECO
2.2       ORGUT
2.3
2.4
2.5
WAPCOS
Nordic Consulting Group (NCG) Danish Hydraulic Institute (Dili)
2.6       SWEDMAR
2.7
University of Berne
Appendix 3:       International Training Programmes
3.1       BITS, International Training Programmes. 1995
3.2       BITS. Remote Sensing Education for Educators Advanced Interna tional Traning Programme in Stockholm and Kiruna. Sweden
3.3       BITS. Water Resources Management in Developing Countries. Advanced International Training Programme in Lund, Sweden
3.4       Royal Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Infrastructure. Stockholm, Sweden
3.5       BITS. Operation and Management of Urban Water Supply and Waste Water. Advanced International Training Programme in Gothenburg,
Sweden
3.6       BITS, Management of Groundwater Supply for Urban Areas, Advanced International Training Programme in Gothenburg, Sweden.
3.7
3.8
BITS, Solid Waste Management. Advanced International Training Programme in Gothenburg, Sweden
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, International Soil Conservation Course. Uppsala. Sweden
3.9       Fifth Stockholm Water Symposium 1995
part n
FINANC'LXL PROPOSAL (Bound separately)
Confs l.bai/Eno/950108FList of Figures
1.1                    SWECO and Associates Organisation
2.1.6                  Baro-Akobo Basin
2.2.6                  Client-Consultant Interaction
3.5.3                  Master Planning Diagram
4.5.3                  Map Index
4.5.4                  The different stages of mapping within the project
4.5.5                  Thematic Mapping and Database Management
4.6.1.A              Schematic Geological Profile of the Study Area
4.6.1.B              Soil Suitability and Reclamation Measures
4.6.1.C              Geobotanical Zoning Map
4.6.1. J              Wild Animals Habitat
4.6.2.A              Geographical Distribution of Hydrological Stations
4.6.2.B              Possibilities for Groundwater Supply
4.6.2.C              Locations of Damsites and Irrigation Diversions
4.6.2.D              Land and Water Resources Development Projects 4.6.5. A           Region and Wereda Map of Baro-Akobo Basin (unpublished) 4.6.5/2
5.1                    SWECO and Associates: General Organisation Chart
5.2                    Natural Resources Team
5.3                     Water Resources Team
Page
1/2
2/15
2/29
3/9
4/12
4/14
4/17
4.6.1/1
4.6.1/5
4.6.1/8
4.6.1/35
4.6.2/3 4.6.275
4.6.2/7 4.6.2/9
5.4
Infrastructure Team
5.5                    Environment Team
5.6                     Socio-economic Team
5.7 Remote Sensing, GIS and Mapping Team
5.8                    Staff Qualification Summary
5.9
5/3
5/7
5/13
5/25
5/27
5/30
5/33
5/35
Quality Control Chart
5/38
6.1.2.2
Work Plan. Reports and Meeting Schedule
6.1.2.3
6/4
Schedule of Activities
6/5
6.1.3.1
Staff Schedule by Study Sector
6.1.3.2
6/6
Summary Staff Schedule, International Staff
6.1.3.3
6/7
Summary Staff Schedules. Ethiopian Staff
6/8
ListF.baa/etiop/950108jJEjoNf/ hr: OStJW?viii
List of Tables
4 5 3                Thematic Maps
4.6.1 .c Agricultural Development Potential (Selkhozpromexport, 1990)
Page 4/11
4.6.1/13
4.6.2. a
4.6.2. b
4.6.2. c
4.6.2. d
4.6.2. C
Damsites proposed by TAMS and Euroconsult Multipurpose Projects identified by Selkhozpromexport Diversion Works proposed by Selkhozpromexport Irrigation Projects proposed by ARDCO-GEOSERV Hydropower Projects proposed by ARDCO-GEOSERV
4.6.2/6
4.6.2/10
4.6.2/11
4 6.2/12
4.6.2/13
LisiF.baa/etiop/950108. J .ici|risr< iALIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
EEKKGG EEEECC EEEELLPPAA EEMMRRSSAA EEPPRRDDFF EERRCCSS EEVVDDSSAA EEWWWWCCAA FFIINNNNI1DDAA MMNNRRDDEEPP
MMOOAA MMOOEE MMOOHH NNGGOO NNMMSSAA NNWWRRCC WWIIBBSS SS SSAADDCCCC SSIIDDAA SSUUWWRR UUDDAA UUNNCCDDFF UUNNDDPP UUNNHHCCRR UUNNIICCEEFF WWRRDDAA WWSSSSAA
Economic Commission for Africa
European Economic Community
Ethiopian Electric Light and Power Authority
Ethiopian Mapping and Remote Sensing Authority
Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front Ethiopian Red Cross Society
Ethiopian   Valleys   Development   Studies   Authority Ethiopian Waler Works Construction Authority
Finnish    International    Development    Agency 
Ministry of Natural Resources Development and Environment Protection
Ministry of Agriculture
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Health
Non Governmental Organization
Nauonal Meteorological Service Agency
National Water Resources Commission
Woreda Integrated Basic Services
Selkhozpromexport Study
Southern   Africa   Development   Cooperation   Committee Swedish International Development Agency
Sustainable Water Resources
Urban Dwellers Association
United Nations Capital Development Fund United Nations Development Programme United Nations High Commission for Refugees United Nations Children's Emergency Fund Water Resources Development Authority Water Supply and Sewage Authority
Corus I baa,' Eoo /9501 OK*
ACi 3t HOb'
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'■ ■ ■•! • ;.<!
2E). ’
dboA? /.Qlr:
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qjtjDZU <RJXU
flbH’-lV Wiz ’ AOSV.'Appendix 2: Company Presentations and Broschures
2.1            SWECO
2.2            ORGUT
2.3            WAPCOS
2.4            Nordic Consulting Group  (NCG)
2.5            Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI)
2.6            SWEDMAR
2.7            University of Berne Q
Conti 1. baa/Etir . 941222
rsv^o
REFERENCE PROJECTS, ETHIOPIA
Rural Water development Study tor Hararghe Region.
Client
Project
Year
NWRC/SIDA
Hararghe Region covers an area of about 245 000 km2
1976-1977  much  of  which  is  arid  or  scmiarid  with  scarce  and unreliable  water  supply.  The  existing  and  planned  infra structural  development  of  the  region  was  investigated  in relation  to  water  supply  requirements.  A  5  year  plan  tor water  development  was  outlined  based  on  the  centralized operation  and  mainlenance  with  the  concept  of  a  long  term water development strategy.
Biannual consultancy services for the implementation of the programme.
1979 86
NWRC/SIDA                   Reconnaissance Survey for Irrigation of the Dire Dawa Area. 1977
The study  comprising 5 000 km of irrigable land was  carried out simultaneously  with the Rural Water Development Study for the Hararghe Region in 1977.
NWCR/STDA                  Research and Development Projects in Hararghe Region.
VIAK was  the Consultant for three research and development projects  in Hararghe Region with the aim of introducing new technologies in the water sector, i.c.
1. Remote sensing for Water Resources Development - A 1984 Training and Demonstration Study
lhe use ot satellite imageries tor water exploration was tested and a training course held for Ethiopian geologists. The possibilities of using remote sensing techniques for water exploration has attracted much interest both in Ethiopia and internationally.
2. Groundwater Dams Research and Development
I he main objective of the project was to test groundwater dams in various geological conditions and to experiment with various designs for the dam walls using locally available construction materials, and to test various construction materials, and to test various abstraction methods.
1984-1987
1987
l‘OS506 baa/VAl/WIBO52
Year
Client
Project
RReedd CCrrooss   ss SSooci cieettiiees s MMiinniist strry y ooff AAggrrii-- cucullttuurree//MMiimmst strry y 
ooff HHeeaalltthh
NNWWRRCC//UUNNCCDDFF
other countries.
3. Shallow Wells Research and Development
The main objective of the project was to develop cost effective
methods for digging and drilling of shallow' wells and to give
on-the-job training for staff of the Hararghe Regional office
in EWWCA.
Upper   Mille   and   Cheleka   Catchments   -   Disaster   Prevention   1984-88 Programme (UMCC-DPP).
Since 1984 the Swedish Red Cross in Ethiopia has involved 1984-88 itself in disaster prevention programmes in drought affected
regions in Ethiopia. VIAK has been acting as the Consultant
for the waler and land-use component including spring develop ment, shallow wells and groundwater dam construction and small-scale irrigation. A waler and land-use plan has been pre pared using remote sensing techniques, both satellite imagery and air-photo interpretation. It also involved a major training component for Ethiopian staff.
Equipment and Supplies for Works Construction - Water 1984 Supply for Central Region.
VLAK was uivolved in project formulation and preparation 1984 ot Specifications and Bill of Quantities for this water supply project in the Central Region of Ethiopia.
In connection with the above project VIAK also made a retormidation of water supply project originally mtended for the Bale region but it was diverted to the Central Region.
RRRRCC//UUNNCCDDFF
Rehabilitation of RRC's Tractor Fleet.
i o«2
t*OS$Qt.ta>/VAl/«31 BOsSV^cO
3
Client
Project
Year
EELPA/SIDA
Mini Hydropower Development in Ethiopia.
1983
VIAK made a review of existing EELPA plans  for small scale hydropower development in Ethiopia and studied two projects in more detail. A project at Mena/Mesio in Bale was  proposed for SIDA financing.
NWRC/UNDP/SIDA Arba Minch Water Technology Institute.
VIAK was appointed by NWRC in 1984 to plan and prepare Specifications and Bills of Quantities for laboratories, work shops and the library for the Water Technology Institute at Arba Minch.
1984
REWA/SIDA
1983 86
RRC/UNHCR/LWF
1986
MoA/SIDA
1986
MoA/ERCS/SRCS
1986 89
MoA/SIDA
Dodota Water Supply - Women's Project.
VIAK has been acting as the Consultant for the Dodota Water Supply - Women's Project in the Arssi Province. The project
which has involved women at all stages is one of the largest
rural supplies built in Ethiopia.
Itang-Rcfugee Settlement Project - Water Supply and
Drainage Systems.
Final design of water supply and drainage for a settlement
of 400 families on a 800 ha pilot basis and a Feasibility 
Study for its future expansion.
Gonde/Ethaya Water Supply Project.
Rehabilitation  and  extension  of  a  large  gravity  scheme  based on a spring. Project formulation.
Upper  Mille  and  Cheleka  Catchments  -  Disaster  Preventive Programme.
Training  courses  in  Remote  sensing  for  land-use  planning for MoA, ONCCP and ERCS personnel.
Harar Health Assistant School - Drainage System. Drainage of school compound. Final dcsing
198ft
POSMfi.bu/VAl/931130e: >n&z'SV^JO
4
----------------------------- Year
Client
Project
NWRC/UNDP/SIDA Arba Minch Water Technology Institute - Irrigation Demonstration Plot.
Design  of  a  100  ha  plot  for  demonstration  of  various irrigation techniques in connection with the Institute.
1987
MoA/Ethiopian Red Cross Society
1987
NWRC
Nomadic Rehabilitation Projects.
Design of 3 irrigation systems for nomads in the Awash Valley: Ayrole and Amassa Buri at Gewane and M aala at Assaita. Initial construction for 200 ha.
Socio-economic and land-use studies.
Construction Supervision of Ayrole and Amassa Buri irrigation schemes
Arba Minch Water Technology Institute.
Consultancy studies and detailed of 1 200 ha of irrigation area previously state farm which will be operated by the institute. Hydrological, agronomic, economic and market studies.
Implementation of the Meslo/Mena Mini Hydropower Project on Yadot River, Bale Region.
Design and construction supervision of a mini hydropower plant. Formal training and on-the-job training of EELPA staff.
Wondo Genet Forest Resources Institute.
Augmentation of water supply. Design and construction supervision of a new gravity scheme for the school.
1987-89
1988
EELPA/SIDA
1987-90
MoA/SIDA
1988 89
ERCS/MoA
lipper   Mille   and   Cheleka   Catchments.   Disaster   Prevention   1988-90 Programme.
Design  and  construction  of  several  irrigation  projects  (dams, river diversions, pumped schemes, etc).
Philadephia Church Mission
Geohydrologica!  investigations  for  water  supply  of  die Kibbish area, Gamo Gofa Region r\
1987-88
POS506.h*a/VAl/93U30'< b; a jftsv^o
5
Client
Project
Geological and geophysical investigations.
Staff Housing and Offices in Dessie and Asella where SWECO was SIDA's consultant for design, purchase of construction contractor, and construction supervision for the execution of housing accomodation, offices, and a clinic during the period
Year
1987-88.
rossflb.hm VAI 931133Consulting worldwide
▼z-\ verseas activities have always been an important part of the activif Cz SWECO partner firms and the first international contract, the St p Sewage Treatment Plan, was awarded as early as 1902. SWECO was fo* 1960 when a number of leading Swedish consulting firms decided to join order to market their combined services
Orcet
abroad. Since then SWECO has risen to a position  among  the leading  interna tional consultants on the world market. Assignments have been  carried  out in more than 70 countries, and SWECO is generally  working  in  25-30  countries every year.
’Zap oe Petersburg and the river Neva at the turn of the '.•-ntr.
In the vrties.
mg waters (hrearening the antique rrejnument. a           “JT The  origin*/  tort  temples  were  cut  up  m  bfo<±t
assembled at <> new. higher site under a manmade rnjTL''’"
2The  services  provided  by  SWECO  are  based  upon  Swedish  know-how.  tempered  by experience   of   work   in   different   cultures   and   under   varying   geographica   condi tions.   On   this   basis,   the   international   expansion   has   b^njmade^Mible   byjhe   sue-, 
cessful   execution   of   many   challenging 
commissions.    The    business    concept    of SWECO is to provide high quality con-
suiting    services,    ranging    from    expert advice   to   complete,   integrated   services. We strive for close relationship with our clients    and    local    consultants,    also    as part   of   technology   transfer.   By   main taining   our   position   in   the   forefront   of technical  development  we  will  always  be able  to  provide  our  clients  with  services of high value.
Kegum I l>dropower Plant in iatvia, corn pit-fed in 1939. Civil, electrical and mechanical works, as well as design, an eadv
Swedish package delivery
of a waler dKnibuii^^?1 Kuwa'1 C,IY- These towers are pari
•owers, mams and
Swedish AlternativeEnergy
A stable and economic supply of energy j8
the main prerequisites for sustained pj
development and employment. In order u'j
successful it is necessary to elaborate pou system plans, to select among available^, 
sources from the technical and economic
nai^
of view, to consider op< n ion and mainte
aspects, and to evaluat he impact on envi^
ment and population.
Oskarshamn Nuclear Power I -weden. The architect District heating m Oslo. Norway has become a symbol of nuc If wer i Sweden
The Ssdgas Project included natural gas import and distribution facilities. Sweden.
Z i - -«-^i
J J* katue Gorge Hydropower Plant, Zambia. Bachin
ne turbines are located some 500 m below ground
i
4An Ofbhorr w.nd power invitation, Sweden.
1     Switchyard at Mtera. part of J hydropower and dam projw t.
Process  control  and  monitoring  equipment  at  the  Boris  com bined power and district heating plant, Sweden.
Power Systems
dvanced computer programmes are used i least-cost expansion plans, power dance studies  anti studies  of transmis-
□n and distribution systems. Assignments ive been carried out in
jlivta Malaysia                     Saudi Arabia uyana Mauritius                 Tanzania maica Mozambique Zambia
Energy Planning
f E ici neenrgt y upselannoiingenis ergdy irect uneddertoweanvi rdrs ontmheenetfal constraints. The usr oi renewable energy sources, savings  by  co-generation, district healing etc  or by  optimum design of buildings, as  well as  rehabilitation of power plants  and distribution systems  are all part of energy  planning. In these fields SWECO has expertise and experience.
Nuclear Power
SWECO partner firms haw' participated in the design of all twelve Swedish nuclear power plants, as well as two plants in Finland. Most of these plants ace of the RWR type, as developed by ABB Atom Other assignments include speciali/ed ser vices such as design of prestressed con crete reactor vessels and studies and design of nuc lear waste storages.
5Hydropower  is  a  clean  and  reliable  source  of energy with life-cycle costs which are generally small   compared   to   other   sources.   Whenever available,  hydropower  is  often  the  first  choice. Flood   control   and   irrigation   may   be   added benefits, 'rhe combined effects of water, ground conditions, seismic forces and environmental im pact calls for in depth knowledge and experience of design and construction of hydropower plants and dams. Underground hydropower plants is a Swedish speciality.
Hydropower
Rudhd
Basm
O|ett ^nzanin, Satellite ' ’^  Jit
ne
Hydropower Plants
in< onn |j ,l ' ’
d  0n on
’•on on &  ‘
,rn lRW
e env
P'™de derailed and
ironment.
,e| . ..n « , .
1 r      <    irnong   n(|rp (
I’nd?’5 n SWe<Jen Jbr“d "" ibdt
E. uador SoplaStofopraI ai dtooor.i?
XtdljVMd
I Tanzania
Indonesia
Upper Ra<jds 
•Mfera
Mrica
I fgvpr
A'wan II
Argentina
AI icura
i
6Aswan  II H>dro  Power  Plant Lgspj  the-se
cond  Mage  ol  a  project  originally  designed in the mO's-
Mnia ibdrn Power Plant Indonesia
Turbine* installation. Sweden.
esses in a turbine blade show up in the nputer.
7
Rehabilitation
I lydrnpower plants have, < hara< teristu alls,
a   long   technical   and   economic   life   \eri-
! he less, due to normal wear arid tear nr, in so me cases, neglected maintenance them is 
a  need  for  rehabilitation  of  electrical  and  I mechanical     equipment.     Additionally,     the outjwit  of  old  turbines  can  be  increased  h.  | remodelling of turbine blades
__ _______________I
7Consideration  of environmental aspects is im portant in  order to  avoid  unacceptable pollution of water and  air,  degradation  of soils,  devasta tion of forests, destruction of habitats, and other negative effects. Environmental studies may in dicate appropriate areas for industrial develop ment,  agriculture or leisure activities They may  concern  restoration  of ground,  ground water and lakes, as well as air pollution control and noise abatement.
Environment
Asir Province. Saudi Arabia. Th- cultural value is an important pa.
rxation of icaiu^0 anv piano ng stjda
Upper Ridas  Hydro power Study, Sabah, Malaysia. Inventory  of the launa a% parr 01 an Environmental Impart Assessment.
Environmental Impact Assessment
In connection with design services, or as specialized advisory services, SWECOhas made   environmental   impact   studies   for protects in. amongst others:
Industrial
Strict regulations
forme a
Pollution Audit
Laboratory Red’**
(
^sment and moni-
Ethiopia Guyana India
Laos Malaysia N« aragua
Sri Lanka Tanzania Vietnam
hawtobe.turlie'dk. p , W,*''e deP»'its
SWFCO has within theorga'1'^ ries, with resources for a w. Br.afnl?fl
automated officially aU,^<J ri
— sampling and analyse* °r d foodstuff. sewage, *e<^,rTiepi)otP'> waste, biomaterials, aireK designed and erected tor tc plicated proc esses
8Environ menial auditor industries, Poland
fir.
Prevention of leakage from old mining dumps into the ground-
I  hr  computer  shows  the  propagation  ot noise from road traffic
Fish  being  prepared  for  testing  for  heavy  metal contents at a 5WECO laboratory.*
Water and Waste
All  people  should  have  access  to  a  reliable
|v    of    drinking    water    and    adequate    nieani< sanitation.   This   goal   is   shared   by   all   lMx. still   require   concentrated   efforts   by   all   par.^ engaged    in    development    projects.    Circun^ ces     may   call   for   simple   processes   or   advar^ desalination,  or  re-use  of  effluents  for  irrigate purposes.   Solid   waste   handling   is   becoming creasingly important.
7he Latrobe Valley Ocean Outfall, Australia a 1.3 km long 8(>O mm pipeline Launching oi pipeline trom end of tem porary Meet letty
Water tower in Riyadh. Saudi Arabia
10A cfoal ination plant for waste w Budryk coal mine* Roland.
□ter from the Debiensko and
Desalination
'he desalination of seawater, groundwater, mrl mine water is  .1 notable SWECO pec.iality. Experience of major reverse
►smosis plants dates back to early projects n  Saudi  Arabia  Since  then  commissions i.ivc been < a med out for additional plants i  Saudi  Arabia,  and  in  Bahrain,  Poland, pain, and elsewhere.
Sea Outfalls
Flexible  plastic  piping  is  superior  to  more conventional   solutions   for  wastewater  sea outfalls. The design is based on specialized knowledge   of   plastic   materials   and   on compute ri zed ca I cu I al ion s of deform ations and  stresses  during  laying  and  operation. Major   projects   have   been   executed   in Australia, Brazil, Portugal and Sweden.
Groundwater
Computer modelling is  one of the main tools  tor studies  of groundwafer lor water supply  purposes  and for restoration ot
lifted     groundwater.     Projects     include tying conditions:
hmpi
Oman r¥ru
Saudi Arabia
S..o..u..t.h...K..o. .rea
Mozambique The Philippines Uruguiy
111
World  population  growth  and  increased  ur banization  call for careful consideration  of all aspects of planning  and  design  of communities. Housing,  industrial areas,  and  community  ser vices and  centres must be integrated  with  the development of traffic and  infrastructure.  The architecture is important, and so is the environ ment.  The goal is to  create better living condi tions for all.
Swedish Lnbassy. New Dehli. Ind a
Community
the World Trade Center, Stockholm has recieved the Grcai
Sports  and  recreation  centre  in  Riyadh Saudi Arabia.
Community Planning
The   planning   of   communities   talk   for studies oi a variety of factors which all in fluence    the    final,    balanced    solution Within SWECO expertise is available n all drserphnes needed for in-depth studies
Planning • Public Transportation • Traffic planning • landscaping • Architecture
• Water and sewage • Waste handling
• Power distribution • District beating
______________ J
12
J(he Swedish Radio Corporation’s  concert hall is tn a large extent sited Ix'low ground btockhorn. Sweden
Beira Housing Project, Mozambique.
Buildings  shall  be  adapted  to  townscape. landscape,  dimate  and  other  local  condi tions.  A  good  living,  or  working,  environ ment  shall  be  realized  within  constraints  of function and economy. Tach building or
area shall have a pleasing or exciting ap pearance, its  own identity  Skill, creativity, and smooth cooperation are essential.
131
Transportation   is   a   kev   factor   in   any   deveu nient   process,   and   then   on   both   regional
i, cal level.  In  consequence,  the character,, 
.ansportation      projects      varies      widely, 
,-erall systems planning  to  implementation f ,\ds and  bridges,  ports,  airports etc Th, Swedish  background  introduces a specific trad, lion  to  manv  transportation  projects,  directing special attention  to  environment,  traffic safety and operation and maintenance
140<nBofruu. d bchseen Al apd B.rv Saad, Saudi Arabia___
1 iv R5 km lorg Kangondi-Karnburn-Em
9'idge* included in A, Baha-Bam Arabia.
G’imVt Mutrah; (r.iltrc an<:
binning.
Roads
Road < ngmei-ring indixles a wide variety materials and «. »«., Jf,,t .
‘■"••'C from tne >nrti a! -tw including traf- p.())Clts undertaken w'ud •Xk'’d','°n''
tic torec asts, route location rtahllsh ng ol lr:e* such as*
gconvJnc.il design ,md economic analysis Botswana u
work.ncoun-
to technical design, physical construction Kema ' _oz,lfn™que Saudi Arabia
and maintenance oi the road. taking rro La^ Pa?’-0 trv.it conditions. .lvadahilrtt of
S ^a,f1 hlan Zimbabwe
14
J()nc of several
bWECO-dwgm-d n»le«ope lighthou**
lobilo  Pbrt  in  Angola,  part  of  SATCC studies.
Maintenance  work  on  the  Tazara  railway  between  Tanzania and Zambia.
Repair   facilities   tor   the   Swedish   State   Railway   at   Hagalund, Sweden, part of a huge modernization scheme.
Regional transportation
SWtCO  has  for  a  considerable  number  of
sears  sersed  as  advisors  to  the  Southern
Africa     Transportation     and     Communica
tions    Commission    in    Maputo.    Mozambi
que.  which  is  part  of  the  SADCC  coopera
air transportation, shipping and ports etc and telecommunications, as well as iden tification and definition of projects adapted to the cwerall policy
tion.  The  advisory  services  include  evalua
tion  of  regional  issues  of  road,  railway,  andIndustry
For  a  consulting  engineering  firm  it  j8
ly   not   feasible   to   maintain   up-to-date  "* ^
66     1
know-how   over   the   whole   range   of   id’*'**
fields.   However,   by   cooperation   with   ind^
enterprises   the   consultant   will   be   able   tT* 
vide   clients   with   complete   packages   hZ'*’
dcntly,  services  are  provided  in  industrial
Oman (lour Mills, a mill extension ami grain silo
ing.  layouts  of  product;  >  lines,  materials  ha ling and management rmation systems
Industrial Rescan h Centre. L
16The design  of mechanical and  electrical in stallations is an integrated part of our planning and  design  of buildings,  industries and  other facilities. Within our stafTare available experts in  HVAC.  fire protection,  lighting,  standby power etc and in the proper control systems for the installations.  Experience has been  gained from projects under varying conditions all over the world.
Installations
Stockholm Energy s PFBC plant Flectrical installations
Computer analysis  of velocity  vectors, temperature and humidity  of the air at Spendrups Brewery, Sweden.
*5» “»01
17Swedish Excellence
Swedish consultants, contractors and suppliers are in the first instance known for their reliability, and their ability to manage projects to completion on time and within budget . Hav ing said that, there are also several technical fields in which Sweden excels.
One example is underground construction where the tradition of Nobel. Atlas Copco and Swedish hard rock mining has lead to a unique position in the use of subsurface space
Another is environmental protection where Sweden has been among the pioneers. The result of strict water conservancy regulations can be illustrated by recreation activities such as swimming and sailing in the centre of the Stockholm waters. Incidentally, Stockholm also has one of the best salmon and trout fishing water in the country. Clean water, the hallmark of Sweden.
T hr aiefrcr.- ■,
svv^p
The Swedish Alternative
ISADDRESSES WORLDWIDE
ASIA
Bahrain
SWECO
P.O. Box 26083
MANAMA
Telephone >973 fl J Of) 11. R3 01 56 Telclax         >97J fl J 01 55
Telex           7050 sweco bn
Iran
SWECO
Apartment No. IB, 4 th Floor No 37, Eleventh Street Mrramad Avenue
1 5fl77 TEHRAN Telephone *98 21 H5 91 80 Telefax >0fl 21 870 74 14
India
SWECO
rJolai Civil Contractor AB B b. Chirag Enclave NEW DFHI I - 110048
AFRICA
fRYP*
SWECO
20, 1 lindaw i Street
P.O Box 1 J9I-II5II
Ookki. CAIRO
Telephone >20 2 360 55 02 Telefax >20 2 160 55 02 Cable xwegypt cairo
Tanzania
SWECO
P.O. Box 2 834
DAR ES SAI AAM
Telephone >255 51 61b 53 Telefax >255 51 416 84 Telex 41097 tzrpc utz
Telephone 642
Telefax Telex
1 aos
SWECO
HP 4488
VIENTIANE
>91 11 642 32 45. 642 82 h7 12 95. 642 03 01,647 22 10 >91 11 642 36 05 03170140 urd in
Telephone
>B5b41 48 93
Telefax
>856 41 48 93, 31 39 L)9
Telex
4491.4492 tevte Is
Pakistan
SWECO
Sunlight Building, 2nd Floor Bank Square, The Mall
P.O. Box 1621
LAHORE
Telephone  *92  42  35  87  77 Telefax >92 42 723 51 0U
SWECO HEAD OFFICE Gjnrwellsgatan 22, P.O, Box 14044
S-100 26 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN Telephone     >46 8 695 65 00 Telefax         >4b fl 695 65 10
Telex             17597 swet o s
Cable g'oupi onsult, Stockholm
SW^Or
-SWECO ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL STATEMEN1 FOR 1993
The statement below presents <1 summary of the Profit and Loss Accounts and Balance Sheets of SWECO and the partner firms forming the SWECO group.
Extract from Profit and Loss Accounts
Operating revenue
Earnings before appropriations and taxes
Extract from Balance Sheets
Assets
Cash and bank balances Other current assets Fixed assets
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Amounts in
1,000
Swedish
Kronor
1,288,032 69,452
Amounts in
1,000
US Dollars
1 54,394 8,325
54,167 641,944 157,180
259,288
6,493
76,949
18.840
31,080
Long-term liabilities
258,141
30,941
Minority interest
579
69
Shareholders equity
335,283
40,190
The total share capital and total statutory reserves of SWECO and the partner firms amount to SEK 78,860.000 «USD 9,453,000) and SFK 229,513,000 (USD 27,514,000) respectively.
The above schedule is in agreement with entries taken from the annual reports of the companies for the fiscal year 1993.
Stockholm 1994 06-1 5
Bjorn Waldhagen
Authorized Public Accountant
Exchange rate 1993-12-30 t USD - 8.34 '/
SWftONAME AND ADDRESS LEGAL STATUS
NAMt AND ADDRESS
SWT CO
G|drwelkgatan 22 Stew kholm Sweden Pnst.il address
Telephone
PO. Box 14044
S-100 26 Sick kholm Sweden
>46 H 693 65 00
Tclctax 
Telex 
Cable
>46 fl 695 65 10
I 7597 sweco s 
groupcuntult, Stockholm
IFGAL STATUS
Established Registered with
Type ut organisation
total share capital of SWEC.O and its partner firms
BANK
Stockholm, 1960
The Royal Patent anil Registration Oflice. Sweden Inly 12, 1961
Registration No. 556079-1 136 loint Stock Cumpanv
StK 7R,A60,0fl0
Skandinasiska Lnskllda Banken KungctradgAidsgatan fl
Stockholm, Sweden
Postal address 5-106 40 Stockholm
Sweden
Telephone
Telex
Cabe Account \n
•M6 8 76 1 50 00 15U00 eccebh $ esseb.ink, sweden 5228-10 060 42
' 1U IM .4
SW^OIMANAGEMENT AND board of directors
management
Richard Olsson
Piesident
Bjorn Sevenius Executive Vice President
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Lennart Magnusson Chairman
Anders Alvemo Kenny Andersson Ulf Gustafsson Richard Olsson
M Sc Electrical Engineering M Sc Business Administration
B Lc onomic s
M Sc Mec hanical Fngineenn^" 00 SSc c MMaatteerriiaalls s HHaannddlliinngg
M Sc Architecture
Mec hanical Engineer
B Sc Electrical Engineering
M Sc Electrical Engineering M Sc Business Administration
sw^os
J|>fRSONNtl
OlSCIPL'NE
Architects and Planners Structural Engineers
Civil Engineers
Surveyors
Geologists and Soil Specialists Environmental Specialists Process Engineers
Mechanical Engineers
171 231
760
40
1B2
48
103
398
174
Electrical Engineers
48
Computer Specialists
21
Other Specialists
A2w0*7
Technicians and Draftsmen Administrators
374
Total 2 757
A4
JSWECO Partner Firms SWECO was formed in 1960 and is owned entirely by its Swedish part ners, all independent consulting en gineering companies.
VBB VIAK AB
VBB founded in 1897
VIAK in 1930, merged in 1991
Kjessier & MannerstrAle AB
Founded in 1934
Bergman & Co AB
Founded in 1901
Hugo Theorells IngenidrsbyrA AB
Founded in 1889
P.O Box 5036, S-102 41 Stockholm, Sweden
lei -46 8 663 01 70. lelHax *46 fl 661 05 56VBB VIAK's
Quality Advice Panel
June 1991
SW^O
VBB VIAK's
quality systemContents
0
1
Introduction
Scope and field of application
4.4.2.I        Activity assignment
44.2.2 Organizational and technical j^.
4.4.3
Design input
2
References
4.4.4
Design output
3
Definitions
Quality systems requirements
4.4.5
Design verification
4
4.1
Management responsibility
4.4.6
4.5
Design changes
Document control
4.1.1 4.1.2 4 1.2 1
Quality policy
Organization
4.5.1
4.5.2
Document approval and issue
Responsibility and authority
Document changcs/modificaiions
Verification resources and personnel
4.6
Purchasing
4 1.2.2
4 1.2.3
Management representative
4.7
Client supplied documents
4 1.3
Management review
4.8
Product identification and traceability
4.2
Quality system
4.9
Process control
4.3
Contract review
4.16
Quality records
4.4
Design control
4.17
Internal quality audits
4 4.1
General
4.18
Training
44.2
Design and development planning
The   Quality   Advice   Panel   of   VBB   VIA^^5 Otters as an inspiration for its logo-
2Foreword
VBB VlAK’s Quality Policy
V’BB V1AK shall carry  out every  commission with such quality  as correctly  corresponds to  the client s requirements and expectations. The aim is to  give the client a  quality  that is characterized by  good technique, good configuration and good
.ost-effcctiveness.
Quality  awareness  is  an  important  feature  in  VBB  VlAK’s  professional  profile  and  a  guiding  factor  in  the  daily  work. )ur  efforts  are  directed  in  every  way  so  that  (he  quality  aim  is  reached  Every  employee  is  responsible  for  his  part  of  the
jverall quality.
Quality System
VBB  VlAK’s  view  of  quality  assurance  is  formulated  in  three  types  of  document,  which  arc  prepared  on  the  basis  of  (he Swedish Standard SS ISO 9001.
A *'VBB VlAK’s quality system” (this document!
B. Manuals for the various divisions
C. Quality routines and systems for self checking
Part  A  is  common  for  the  whole  company.  Part  B  is  available  for  each  and  every  one  of  VBB  VlAK’s  divisions.  Part  C is  available  indifferent  versions,  at  least  one  for  every  technique  field  and  region,  and  is  an  important  part  of  VBB  VlAK’s know  -how.  A  fundamental  concept  of  VBB  VlAK’s  quality  assurance  work  is  the  system  with  self  checking.  By  using  ma nuals  and  checklists  the  individual  staff  members’  possibilities  are  facilitated  to  check  by  themselves  or  with  the  help  of ithers the quality of their own work.
Benefit of Quality Assurance
Everyone involved in the construction business has in different ways benefit of a  common approach to  quality  work. Syste matic quality  work reduces the costs of failure in one’s ow n work and in the final product The standards can make quality*
•Aork more efficient by creating uniformity
Briefly the benefits are: fur the owner
— increased clarity of his own role
— increased security for correct quality of the final product
““ more systematic and simplified checking
for the designer
— better bases for product choice
— more systematic design procedures
— less chance of mistakes
for the contractor
~ better bases of tendering and working documents
~ better bases for planning and coordination between contractors
— lower hiilure costs
Stockholm, June 1991
Lennart Magnusson
MDVBBVIAK ABO Introduction
This document sets out VBB VIAK’s viewpoint on quality assurance in all the projects on which VBB V1AK are engaged The text gists a  general picture of VBB VIAK’s functional and organizational ability to cany out projects at ihe correct quality  level This document shall be used and function as guiding for the execution of VBB VIAK’s con sulting  services so  as to  ensure that those services contain the requisite quality of execution
The  tex!  in  the  following  is  in  the  first  case  intended to describe the organization and the overall routines which arc necessary for the carrying through of the quality assurance. Routines for how commissions shall be carried out are dealt with  if  they  arc  of  interest  for  the  quality  assurance  How experience feedback and instruction shall be achieved is in dicated in other routines. Thus, in this document are given the   company   management's   basic   requirements   of   and guidelines for the internal quality assurance.
1 Scope and Field of
Application
VBB VIAK’s quality assurance comprises all systematic measures of a monitoring and verification nature which are taken to ensure that VBB VIAK’s work production has or can be expected to reach requisite quality
The quality assurance work includes planning, execution and documentation of the quality assurance
VBB VIAK’s quality assurance is applicable to all com missions undertaken for clients with the exception of prov i- sion of systems and supply of such products as computer programmes, etc
2 References
The format is in accordance with the Swedish Standard SS ISO 9001 "Quality systems Model for quality assur ante in design/development. production, installation and servicing". Al the same time the requirements of the lead mit foreign standards have been taken into account, eg. ANSI N45.2 and CS575O.
11
Reference is also made to ’’Correct quriji1 building process”, a guideline to ISO 9000, for tion and application of the standards in thc^l
dustry. The chapters in ISO 9001 which are
in this connection have been omitted
2
3 Definitions 
4
Definitions    according    to    Swedish    Standard    Si ’’Quality - Terminology" arc used in applicable!
The   term   "defect"   according   to   the   Swahili. Conditions  of  Contract  for  Building,  Civil  Erginet Installation  Work  (AB  72)  corresponds  to  the  »it lion" in SS 02 01 04
The term "deficiency" according to AB 72.'^
A
to the term ’defect" in SS 02 01 04 
The term "employer" means the party who^l consultant to carry out the commission, 1 c- ’
client.
The term "supplier" according to SS-ISO 9001^ this case the consulting company VBB VJA * consultant
4 Quality Systems Require^
41 Management ResponsibM
n
f
»
4.1.1   Quality policy
VBB VIAK’s Quality Policy is >1* shall carry out every commission wr
. ...
r reec c"tyly cor corrersepon spondsdsto thto e clitehnet's fcelqieuni t&  s    rtquirrrnCn"t t‘at atiiononss.. TThhee ataimm iiss tto o gigivvee tthhee cclhieennt d 1
characterized by good technique,
good cost-effectiveness.
Quality awareness is an tmportanl ,
VIA K’s professional profile and a gui ** 
I)   *ork.   Our   efforts   are   directed   in   eve quality aim is reached. Every empW* 
his part of the overall qualify. ” Included in VBB VIAK’s business po’*?
for qualified and market adapted techn* of appropriate quality Quality fZ
IAK is a concept with two aspects.
I
•
f
\
2
4t
ou
r
client’s
expectations
and
re-
el
mple' >   .^
eo thc
seco
nd
we
shall
also   meet   the
legal
re-
quire"*”**       sw
ndards
an
J 
the
regulations
for
the
qinrcments. , a|x  dcsjgn jng. j.e carry  out our com-
hu ildmg5<’r P fc<.sional and workmanlike competent
(nissfons       ;
a rty 
|
is      a|s<>    governed    by    our    clients’    re-
m4,”’er and the resources the client wishes to  pros ide qUirr^ution of the project This important question is ^eloped in further detail under section 4.3 Contract
Review.
Duality  »s a conccl*  thaI depends to  the greatest degree on each individual consultant's ability  to  identify  and
discuss the client’s requirements and at the same time to act professionally  both as a  technical specialist as well as m his r.Je as a  consultant Good quality  is in the long  run our most important means of competition and leads to  satisfied
(rents  because  their  expectations  are  fulfilled  and  the  pro mised  delivery  times  arc  met.  Internally  within  VBB  V!AK his  leads  to  higher  efficiency  and  necessary  profitability.
Il is therfore the duly of every staff member to see that the guidelines in this document are followed in the daily work.
11.2 Organization
I.I.2.1 Responsibility and authority
BB VIAK’s operations are organized in five divisions
- Community and industrial development
Energy and engineering
- Roads and foundations
Waler and environment
Business development
The  organization  is  also  shown  on  Attachment  1.
As  support  for  the  company’s  quality  control  a  quality Jvice  panel  has  been  set  up  comprised  of  the  divisions' uality  managers  together  with  a  representative  of  the  com* any  mangcmcnl.  He  shall  be  chairman  of  the  quality  ad- ice panel.
The    quality    advice    panel    shall    assist    the    company
i a nag e me nt with advice and recommendations as well as :rving  as  a  forum  for  coordination  of  quality  assurance measures  and  distribution  of  internal  and  external  informa- on   and   exchange  of   experience  in  connection  therewith.
The head of division is responsible for the division’s quality rurugement.  Within  every  division  there  is  a  quality  group consisting of the division’s representative on the quality' ad ice  panel  —  the  quality  manager  —  together  with  one  per- l>n    responsible   for   quality   in   each   region   and   technique eld within the division.
All  projects  carried  out  within  VBB  VlAK  for  clients  are inducted  according  to  the  project  model  with  a  responsi- Ic   project   manager/task   leader   appointed.   It   is   therefore 1C     Project   manager/task   leader   who   has   the   operative ^poiLsibihty  that  the  project  is  conducted  in  line  with  the UrTcn! quality assurance requirements.
9 Ual’<y system structure is shown on Attachment 2.
1 2 2 Verification resources and personnel
hirnat^ lci|dCr bears, unless decided otherwise, the rcs P°nsibility for planning, conducting aqd
documentation of quality  assurance within the task. Within the larger projects, however, where an administrator for quality  assurance is appointed, the quality  administrator, it is he who  shall be responsible for planning, conducting  and documentation
4.1.23 Management representattve
The chairman of VBB VIAK’s quality  advice panel is re sponsible for ensuring  that a  fully  satisfactory  quality system is maintained. He shall also  ensure that the quality managers carry  out quality  audits within their respective divisions.
4.13 Management review
At   least   once   a   year   the   quality   manager   shall   arrange   □ review  of  how  the  company  ’s  quality  assurance  system  has functioned   within   the   division   during   the   past   year.   The result  of  the  reviews  shall  be  documented  and  made  know  n to  those  responsible  within  the  area  subject  to  review  and  to the   quality   advice   panel   The   management   responsible   for the   area   subject   to   review   shall   take   suitable   measures   to correct those deficiencies exposed by the review.
4.2 Quality System
VBB VIAK's quality  system covers all the technical, organizational and administrative routines which are re quired to  conduct the work and ensure the quality  of the work production provided by  the company. In addition the system includes feedback of experience and instruction of personnel
The   quality   system,   as   it   is   described   in   the   following, has    been    developed    so    that    it    complies    in    all    essential aspects   with   the   requirements   set   out   in   the   Swedish   Stan dard   SS-1SO   9001,   ’’Quality   systems   -   Model   for   quality assurance      in      dcsign/development,      production,      installation and   servicing”.   During   development   of   the   system,   SS-ISO 9004   ’’Quality   management   and   quality   system   elements   • Guidelines” has also been used as guidance.
The       quality       system       comprises       quality       assurance manuals,   detailed   quality   routines   and   project   adapted   pro
grammes.
Carrying 
out
of
quality 
ass
ura
nce
measures
is
inclu
ded
as
a  routine
in
the
ordinary 
wo
rk
and
is  essentially 
based
on
an
efficient
sel
f
checking 
in
di
rect
connection
with
the
technical work. The basic principle is that each and everyone is responsible that his/her work is correctly  car ried out. Self checking  can, in a  wider context, include everything  from checking  of one’s own work to  indepen dent scrutiny  within the company  (“independent internal inspection”).
Documentation   is   prepared   in   accordance   with   establish ed routines.
The   various   elements   in   VBB   VIAK’s   quality   system   are to   be   found   recorded   in   the   following   types   of   documents (see also Attachment 3):
‘•VBB VIAK’s quality system” (this document). The division’s quality manual gives a more detaileddescription of the
sion. The qualit? manua how the p^ject orgamza’on “d
XbonX
k nL Thepr°JCC' des'gnproceri
assurance
-rk.
'’"“'"'“irxx*.....
shall be given a wide inierpXn M lions, analyses, preliminary "°n»nd, rural calculations, adviCConpdles' % S ment. monitoring, commiSSl
<
Qua
l.tv routines fo the «n
of
fields. The quality routines *
thc guidelines that are giveninthe qu ty
tain detailed descriptions, check-lts
the respective efforts shall be conducted
Project  adapted  quality  plans  shall  be  prepared  if  the tasVTdK  cheat  so  requ.re.  These  shall  descnbe  the  pro
.cct  oiganizatron.  resources,  methods,  routines,  inspection programme, etc., which are used in a project to ensure that thc correct quality is achieved.
43 Contract Review
This section refers to the contract between thc client and VBB VIAK. In addition the contract between VBB VIAK and possible sub-consultants or other suppliers of goods or services is deal! with in section 4.6 Purchasing Contracts between clients and contractors are not dealt with here.
Usually a written agreement is prepared for each com mission between the client and VBB VIAK, reference be ing made to the Swedish General Conditions for Con sulting Services (ABK)
A contract review is made al the beginning of each pro ject . This item is therefore of decisive importance for all in volved.
Il is at the contract review that all quality requirements shall be transferred from one stage to the next or between different  parties  involved  on  the  same  stage.  Every  im perfection in this transference involves risk that some im portant  quality aspect  is lost  The demarcations between other involved parties are clarified Every parry must also have clarified what bearing his undertakings have on the project as a whole
At the contract review complete understanding between
completion   ofthe   building   or   piant     R     wk|     ‘   ? in    the    following    of    the    principle/,J    5h°n      'i? VIAK    for    the    control    of    quality    u    l^1'1 design         procedure.         Special         check-ljJ^Sv are  available  which  arc  used  by  the  u  t appropriate   the   quality   assurance   admi! verify   that   thc   project   design   result   mee^H quirements.
44.1    General
Decisive    for    the    project’s    result    is    the specifications,        requirements        and        expect^' prepared  together  with  the  client  during  the (section   4.3).   Comparisons   against   this   definite made  according  lo  a  pre-arranged  time  schedule^ progress  of  the  project  design  work.  In  larger^ comparisons  take  the  form  of  a  number  of  de reviews   and   in   small   projects   comparison!   rii lists.  Depending  on  the  extent  of  the  task  a  moo( naJ  meetings  take  place  with  the  client  in  pnxx1 same way as at the contract review in Older tow the  client  and  VBB  VIAK  are  still  in  agreemsi
project’s content and execution.
I
the client and VBB VIAK must be reached
upon
the re
quirements and upeciatxxts (also implied) that exist con ceming the project’s result, both as regards content as well as the economics of thc project
Summarizing, the contract review shall:
-    remove ambiguities and create understanding
-    clarify specifications, scope and quality level
-    define tune and cost/remuneration requirements
~rT     VlAK      S      prerc<’ulsi,«    “    the    form
of
person
The organizational and technical
nel and other resources to carry out thc task
shall be clarified and documented .an
According to SS-1SO 9001 VBB VIAK are re. that routines shall be avaihble for contract rev.eJZ'f coordination of related activitiea. The documenta. **
the contract review shall he mduded fo 
n
ween VBB VIAK and the client -
b«-
44 Design Control
A more suitable heading for this section — fe branch is concerned - is control of project desig^p^
442 Design and development pkm ’ The task leader prepares a quality plan for
in thc project. For smaller, uncomplicatedp
lists arc used. For those projects which requi^•,
sive quality assurance project-adapted qua developed.
442.1    Activity assignment
For every project, whether large or snru^'.
schedule is prepared. From these sche
which activities are to be carried out. w
out and when the activity shall he co
schedules are used for smaller
responsible and the completion time n
44.2.2 Organizotforvol and fechr**^,
lion made. Division of responsibility
vis sub-and parallel-consultants as wC authorities shall be clarified during c
be followed up via the project meetings for this lies with the task leader
442 Design input
lask leader is responsible for seeing Ka there are routines for documenting quiremenu for the building/plant and 115 struction. Furthermore, external require J ? 7 cs< sfcndards, customs, etc shall be
'^er shall draw lo lhc clicnfs
6
I’ 1
J, h -guidons or go.nl practice, .f they are un- onflK' *'^1  ot givethc dicnt ,he resU'1 ,ha' ** MpecB-
n
fa   project   design   or   investigation   commisston ^llv      gt«n      as      analyses,      reports,      calculations      and
.. oe«Gn ou1pu’
‘
nr
° T   but   also  as   computer  programmes   or  data  bases
^r^uining  manual VBB VIAK are responsible to  see ,,h £ re3re available routines, aids and procedures which
*ure    th*1     lhc      requirements    which     arc     se(     for     lhc     Work     arC
drilled-
□ocumenLs and drawings prepared by VBB V7AK shall characterized by correctness. The correctness shall be
•cured through purposeful scrutiny and checking. The enaiure denotes the outgoing document’s quality of ex
uimn as well as that the content responds to what VBB
IAK have undertaken towards the client
45      Design verification
HB VIAK are responsible that there is documentation of hich routines for the project review that have been used id that deficiencies in the documents have been noted. ikewi.se there shall he a  record of the persons who  have ken part in the project and in which respect they have con futed.
46        Design changes
HB VIAK have routines for introduction of changes and proval of changes in drawings and documents, both in anually  produced as well as in computer generated cumcnts Routines exist so  that the change is transferred all who are concerned with it.
5 Document Control
51 Document approval and issue
II relevant information in a commission is collected in one lc  under  its  job  number  A  record  of  issued  drawings  and xuments   is   continually  updated   After  completion  of  the ork  the  original  documents  are  preserved  in  the  archives
»r  the  time  period  given  in  the  Swedish  Genera!  Condi ons   for   Consulting   Services   (ABK).   For   electronically ored  information  safety  copy  ing  is  regularly  earned  out. he  safety  copy  is  preserved  tn  a  theft  and  fire  protected
apart  from  the  working  copy.  Even  in  this  case,  where is possible, a final archiving is made in written form
5.1
rhe  task  leader  is  responsible  for  the  correctness  of  the
•ork  and  signs  all  documents  issued  by  VBB  VIAK  unless fherwisc agreed during the contract review.
5 2 Document changes / modifications
he responsibility lies with the Usk leader Compare 4.5.1
lz> Purchasing
HB VIA KA-
OKsihi u rouhnes for quality assurance are applied to
■te for ! 5“b
work VBB VIAK are msponsi-
4.7 Client Supplied Documents
VBR VIAK prepare, if the client so  requires, routines for handling  and safe-keeping  of documents of secret nature. Every  improper handling, or attempt thereat, or loss of such document shall be reported to the client.
43 Product Identification and
Traceability
VBB  VIAK  hast  routines  for  how  documents  and  draw  ings shall  be  marked,  registered  and  arranged  in  a  project  ar chive  It  is  the  task  leader’s  responsibility  to  set  up  a  project archive.
4.9 Process Control
The  computer  programmes  that  are  used,  e  g.  for  calcula tions,  drawing  production  and  control  of  laboratory  equip ment.  are  tested  and  documented  before  they  may  be  used in  VBB  VTAK’s  production.  The  (ask  leader  is  responsible that   calculation   results   where   necessary   are   verfied   by   the use  of  another  calculation  method.  In  simpler  cases  a  rough estimate  can  be  made  to  check  that  a  computer  calculated result is reasonable.
The   equipment   that   is   used   for   measurements   and   in vestigations      is     checked     and     calibrated     according      to prescribed procedures.
4.16    Quality Records
Documents that record the result of quality  activities, such as records, reports, certificates, attestations, etc., are preserved as a  separate part of the project file that is set up in accordance with what is staled in chapter 4.5  Document control.
4.17    Internal Quality Audits
The division’s quality  manager is responsible for an annual review of the division’s quality  assurance system. For larger projects the quality  advice panel checks the project quality  plan regularly, while other quality  plans are check ed by random
Quality   audits   shall   comprise   a   systematic   checking   that the  quality  plan’s  routines  are  followed  by  individual  or  all project     organizations     within     the     company     Such     checks mean that the quality assurance organization
— identifies quality problems and recommends solutions
for such problems via established channels
initiates measures to prevent deviations from prescribed requirements from arising
keep further treatment of deviating  conduct under con trol until such deficiencies or unsatisfactory’ conditions have been corrected.
See also 4.1.3 Management review.
4.18 Training
VBB VIAK have an established policy  for staff training. Annual planning  dialogues are carried out in order to survey  the individual need of training. A budget and pro gramme for carrying out of staff (raining is fixed every
■'‘'b consultants' work as for their own work.VBB VIAK's Quality Assurance OrganizationAttachment 2
The Quality System Structure
Manoglng Director
—  1           Quality Advice Panel
Co-o-Hnalinn 'Morrria’On
fSIKJ-bOCi
1
Head of Divtsion/Regionol Mgr
Quality Manoger/ Quality Group
OuC]k*y c-ar
1
Project Manager/ Task Leader
—
Quality manual
Qualify routines
Sei* checking
Normal projects
Project Manoger/Tosk Leader
Responsible for quality
r
I
jaiiTy   Aamini5iroTor   Trom   o depa’iment. if necessary
I
Quality manual
Quality 'oubres
Self check-ng ----------------------------------------- -
larger projects
9Attachment 3
Quality System Documentation
•VBB VIAK’s quality system"
Division quality monuol
Roods and Foundations
Division    quality    manual Water and Environment
Quality Routines
r------------------------------------- 1
I RouT'ces foe aominfitra- I
Quality Routines
r---------------------------------------------- j
I Routines  for odm ntstro I
I
hoc                  1
'
tion
I
L--------------------------------------- 1
r--------------------------
I Routines  tor coctree’ I
1                     scrutiny
i--------------------------------------- 1
r---------------------------- ,
I    Routines    ‘or    cm    I
’ erQ.ceenng document I
L----------------------------------- J
Routines for tooa documents
I---------------------------------------------- 1
!---------------------------------------------- 1
I Routines  for contract I
1                     scrutiny             1
i----------------------------------------------1
| Routines‘cr waler and i I sewage documents |
j Routines tot mopping |
U— .
Routines for measurofrigri
L__________ ___
C^Wtst for Soil VV(xk5’j
10VBB VIAK'S Quality Advice PanelVBB VIAK:
Head Office:
Stockholm Villingby Boden
Boris
Falun
Gavle Gothenburg
Halmstad Helsingborg Hudiksval) Jonkdping Kariskrooi Karlstad
Subsidiaries:
.46  8  782  70  00 Agri Consult AB
+46 8 17 05 00
+46  921  177  70
4-46 33 13 54 00
+46  23 230  70
+46  23  280  00
+46 26 18 32 10
+46 31 62 75 00
+46  31  83  3120
+46 35 11 87 95
+46  42  1871  00
+46 650 976 90
+4636  1004  00
4-46 455 255 74
+46 54 18 72 50
+46  54  14  1700
Malmo
+46 40 16 7000
Aqua Konsult AB
Stockholm                 +46 8 36 28 85 Cactus Automation AB Gothenburg             + 46 31 86 97 00 Gasbyggarna AB
Stockholm                       +46 8 782 70 00 Geo-Vast AB
Mellerud                       +46 530 302 30
IVP AB
Karlskoga                      + 46 586 509 80
yyj-           Vatte»4nts<5',i laboratorietAB Vallingby
Samfunnsleknikk a t
5
Karlstad
Orebro
+46 54 19 09 05
+ 46 19 12 40 95
*<7«l +47^
+468^
Svenska Landskap AB
Kristians tad
+ 46 44 12 62 25
Malmo
+46 40 1041 40
Norge
Oslo
Gol
Ha mar
Moss
SWECO Stockholm
Offices also in:
Australia
Linkdping
LuleA
Malmo Norrkoping
+4613  11  12  40
Stellan Lundberg AB
Bahrain
+46 13 15 80 80
Umei
+46 90 601 90
Botswana
+46 920 103 76
Pehrs & Co i Stock
+46      40167000
holm AB
Egyp<
Elio pa
+4611  18  64  10
Villingby 
+46 8 17 07 00
India
Nykoping Skelleftei Solleftei Sundsvall Timri
Umci
+46 155 825 60
+46 910 880 30
*46 620 156 20
+46601699      00
+46 60 57 28 25
+46 90 13 74 30
Theorell +VBB
Energikonsulter AB
Stockholm +46 8 782 78 00 Vancrsborg  >46 521 655 00
VA-anlaggningar AB
Uppsala
Visby Vanersborg
Vasicris
+4618 15 75 65
Stockholm
>46 8 17 09 00
Jamacia
Kenya
Laos Mocambiquc
Nicaragua
Oman
Saudi Arabia
+46  1869 33  80
Filun
+46 23 280 00
+46    49817020
Tanzania
VBB VIAK Bygg-
+46 521 655 00
Zimbabwe
+46 521 185 00
ledning AB
Stockholm
+46 8 782 75 00
+46 21 12 82 35
Uppsala 
+46 18 11 13 50
Vixjd Orcbro
Oslersund
+46 21 1201 00
+4621  3002  70
+4621  1203  10
+46470485    00
+46 19 12 49 90
+46 1921 85 60
+46 63 13 2000
VBB  VIAK  Byggled-
ning in Gothenburg AB Gothenburg            +46 31 80 02 40 VBB VIAK Scangraph Stockholm +46 8 782 70 00
VIAK Delta AB
Overkalix
+46 926 116 00
Karlstad Knstinchanm
+46 54 14 17 80
+ 46 550 154 60
Stockholm
Grebro
+ 468 1705 50
+46 19 21 85 00As a result of lhe discussions on Swedish support to Pakistan on land and water resources development. BITS (the Swedish Board (or Investment and Technical Support) financed the study; Conservation and Development of Land and Water Resources of Upper Kaba Hili Torrent Watershed The contract was awarded to VB0 Viak in association with the Pakistani consultancy company NESPAK
The study area of 5.540 krrr arid and mountainous land is the upper part of an Indus River sub catchment draining lhe Suleiman Range which is located in north eastern Balochistan
on the border to the Punjab Province.
The objectives ol the project were
•          to   prepare   a   Watershed   Management   Plan   lor   the   Upper
Kaha Hill Torrent Watershed.
•           to    transfer    technical    skill    and    knowledge    of    satellite remote sensing techniques for area management,
•         Io  analyse  the  soao  economic  conditions  ol  the  area  and
the institutional arrangements,
•         to  prepare  design  and  cost  estimates  for  the  most  viable alternatives     lor    conservation    and    development    of    the
study area
The Watershed Management Plan proposes long term strategies for conservation and development ol the Upper Kaha and presents project packages for short term development (1995 2000) It arms al reducing flood damages downstream as well as contributing towards increased bio
mass   production   In   the   area
up-to-date    and    high    resolution    SPOT    satellite    images    lor    an extensive inventory of the area.
A    project    team    of    Pakistani    and    Swedish    experts    ware    trained In    remote    sensing    interpretation    of    satellite    images    The    team continued   wnh   a   detailed   mapping   of   the   catchment   which   was supplemented by field surveys
Map production and development of a database consisting of all mapped information was followed by land evaluation and hydrological modelling in Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The produced information constituted a valuable input in the preparation of the final Watershed Management Plan
The resuns of the project comprised:
•            Thematic    mapping    of    landform,    geology,    soils,    vegetation and land use covering 15 map sheets in scale 1.50.000
•             Topographic     mapping     of     elevation,     slope,     aspect     and relief          condrtions          through          digital          photogrammetric
analyses.
•            Computer     modelling     and     analyses     of     erosion     hazards, waler balance and land suitability
•
•
Identification,       survey       and       screening       of       potential development projects in the land and waler sector
Identification     of     social     and     Institutional     framework     for project implementation.
The remote study area ol Upper Kaha was in general poorly mapped. Supplying the study w.th a set of appropriate maps ol physical and natural settings was therefore necessary For
IM purpose remote sensing lechmques were used to oblain ,. ,o mil 10n USU)
,
•           Preparation   of   design   and   cost   estimates   of   viable   project for     flood     mitigation/i     rogation,     groundwater     development, watershed          development,          rangeland          and          livestock development.
Ctont Federal Flood Commission at the Ministry ol Water and A^J/llQS,<an Serv*C8S rendered lor 18 months starling in Apni 1994 The total budget fopbe study was 9.3 million SEK (1.3 million USD) ~-
Vy SERVICES RENDERED BY VBB Viak PARTNER OF SW^Oi
?
V
i
/
*
1
Jremote
abha action master plans
computer   classification   of   part   ot   the   Abha   Master   PLan   area   Cultivated   land   in   medium   dark   green,   /uniperus   forests   m   dark green, natural vegetation tn olive, cultivable soils in yellow — brownish yellow, bedrock and uncultivable sods in red
ABHA ACTION MASTER PLANS
The Abha Metropolitan Area includes  the regional capi tal Abha and the commercial centre Khamis  Mushayl, with a population of some 100.000 The rural villages  in the fertile valleys  and terraced mountain sides  have a total population of about 50.000
The commission begun m 1977 includes  the setting up of a planning and development office for the metropolitan area, preparation of comprehensive master plans  for the whole metropolitan area, action area plans  for the urban areas, detailed plans, etc.
The agricultural planning, described below, was  under taken to provide a basis  for the comprehensive plans which are to cover the whole metropolitan area.
AGRICULTURAL PLANNING
Water    is    the    limiting    factor    lor    expansion    of    the    agri cultural     areas     Only     along     the     high     western     mountain escarpment     is     there     sufficient     rainfall,     but     there     the cultivate    land    is    limited    Among    the    aims    of    agricultural planning    have    been    identification    of    present    and    poten tial    areas    for    dry    farming    irrigation    and    rangeland    and recommendations    on    the    use    of    future    agricultural    and non-agncultural      land      The      most      important      non-agricul- tural    land    is    the    pniperus    forests    which    are    the    most densely forested areas in the country.
METHODS
Land-use in the Abha Metropolitan Area has  been estimated by  using the diQital Landsat processing technique By  using multitemporal registrations  from five occasions, seasonal variations, irrigated and rain- fed farmland were identified. The cultivated fields  were loo small to be distinguished individually  and it was therefore not possible directly  to discriminate among the various  crop types  from Landsat only  Crop distribution within the mapped farmland areas  was  determined statistically from field sampling
RESULTS
By combining computer processing of satellite registra
tions and field surveying the present type and areal ex
tent of the cropping pattern was determined as a basis 
*or agricultural planning. In addition to farmland class 
Ification. satellite mapping comprised determination of
areas of juniperus forests, rangeland, various cultivable
soils, rocky soils and outcropping bedrock
Client      Ministry      of      Municipal      and      Rural      Affairs,      Deputy Ministry of Town Planning
Services rendered Agricultural survey as part of a major project concerning socio-economic and traffic surveys,
and-use surveys, preparation of Master Directive Plans, Action Area Plans and Cultural Area Plans
MEMBER OF SW^JO
jVEGETATION AND SOIL EROSION STUDY mTERA RESERVOIRQRocEf;G|OINOTNA. NTZAANNZIAANIA
--------- „„,
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The close relationship between the vegetation cover of the ground and the rate of erosion is well established, and the well being o! the vegetation is a prerequisite in all soil conservation programmes
In connection with the creation ot a large water reservoir at Mtera, a semi-arid region in Central Tanzania, a study was performed to assess the relationship between the status of the vegetation and the erosion The aim was to describe the present situation, to propose methods to avert land degradation and to suggest means to main tain a sustainable yield of natural resources.
METHODS
The rainfall was  analyzed with respect to its  erosive potential and distribution during the year The protecting effect of trees and shrubs against splash erosion was in* vestigated by placing rain gauges below the crowns of trees and bushes Daily readings, and occasionally after individual showers, were made and compared with readings of a rain gauge in the open nearby.
The composition and cover of the vegetation was measured in different types  of terrain, by  plotless methods and in "stands", one square metre in size.
Erosion  was  estimated  by  means  of  conventional  tech niques and by the use of dendrochronology.
RESULTS
In dry  environments  like the one at Mtera, trees  and shrubs  are particularly  important in decreasing the rate of erosion since their crowns  or branches  protect the ground below from direct effects of the rainfall, serve as rainfall ’collectors', shade the ground and favour build up of the topsoil.
Measures recommended Included methods to improve
the regeneration of shrubs and trees, which in their turn would favour the growth of herbs and grasses and
ultimately increase the productivity of the Impoverished environment
Client: Tanzania Electric Supply Co (TANESCO) and the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA)
Services  rendered.  1976-1977.  Field  and  site  investiga lions, assessment report.
SERVICES RENDERED BY^ VBB                 MEMBER OF SWEjO
’5«JfHD22Z38JVEGETATION MAPPING
JABEL EL AKHDAR, LIBYA
JABEL EL AKHDAR AREA
The study  area is  situated In the Jabel El Akhdar moun tain range in Cyrenaica. northeastern Libya The climate is  arid and most of me approximately  one million hectare large study  area is  covered by  sparse shrub vegetation. The area is  Intensively  exploited as  pasture land for large flocks  of sheep and goats. As  a result, the plant cover is becoming degraded with subsequent risk  for soil erosion and desert encroachment.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The vegetation mapping forms  an integral part of a Pasture Survey  which also includes  a Pasture Land Im provement Study and a Range Development Plan
The aims  of the vegetation mapping were to provide quantitative and qualitative data on the flora and to assess  the composition and distribution of different vegetation types
METHODS
The composition and nature of the vegetation were sampled in field surveys  and analysed by  automatic  data processing. Samples  of all plant species  encountered in
the field were collected for a reference herbarium. Com pilation of the vegetation maps  was  based on interprets tlon of aerial photos  and field observations  and com piemenled with information from computer classified satellite images
RESULTS
The vegetation types  extracted are characterized by  their dominating species  Each vegetation type was  described by  the composition and abundance of different species. The distribution of the recognized vegetation types  was presented on maps  on a scale of 1:20 000. The relation ship between the vegetation and the physical environ ment was  described together with grazing impact and vegetation dynamics.
Client:    Executive    Authority    for    Jabel    El    Akhdar    Area Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Services     rendered.     1981-1983:     Field     and     site     investiga tions. assessment reports and vegetation mapsBALTIC SEA ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME
PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDY OF THE VISTULA RIVER BASIN AND THE BALTIC COAST OF POLAND
200 fcm
—I---------1
NATIONAL
BOUNDARY
THE BALTIC SEA
ENVIRONMENT
PROGRAMME
STUDY AREA
Part of the Baltic Sea Environmental Programme
’he Pre-Feasibility Study 0* the Vistula River Basin and Baltic Coast of Poland is part of the activities initiated by the Baltic Sea Envi'onment Conference held in Ronneby. Sweden in September 1990 The study  is  one of eight parallel pre feasibility studies which constitute the basia for the Baltic Sea Joint Comprehensive Environmental Action Programme, a special report on recommended actions  to reduce emissions and restore the Baltic Sea to a sound ecological balance
The Pre-Feasibility  Study  was  sponsored by  the governments ol Denmark  and Sweden and was  elaborated by  the SWECO —  COWIconsult —  VKI Vistula Joint Venture In association w»th Hydrop rojekl and Stoiica, Warsaw. The World Bank was the executing agency for the consultant’s work. The Ictal con tract sum was SEK 5 million and DKK 3 million
The objectives of the study were to provide an overview of en vironmental problems  and causes  in the study  area, ident.fy and assess  possible investments  and institutional actions, and to recommend a priority  action programme to control and reduce the pollution of the Baltic Sea from the entire drainage basin of the Vistula River and the Baltic Coast of Poland Th s Includes lhe target ol adoption of measures by the countries in the region to reduce the 1987 emission levels by 50 percent by 1995 in line with the 1990 Baltic Sea Declaration.
The Study Area
The study  covers  the two discrete sub-regions  1) the Vistula Rrver Basin and 2) the coastal drainage area covering a 60—70 km wide strip along lhe Polish coastline from the border to the Russian Kaliningrad area to lhe mouth of Odra River. The lolal land area Is  220,000 km2 with a population of 26.7 million people. 89 percent o1 the Study  Area is  found within Polish territory  The rest is  parts  of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (CSFR), Ukraine and Belarus.
The Study  Area represents  14 percent of lhe total catchment area of lhe Baltic  Sea. 33 percent of its  population, and the largest portion of the agricultural activity  in the catchment area. The conditions  of the Baltic  Sea are therefore significantly  dependent on the influence from the Study  Area and its decision makers.
Client: The World Bank, Washington DC
Estimated total investments; First priority action programme
3850 million ECU
2600 million ECU
Services  rendered 1991—92: Project management, studies  of fresh water quality, municipal and industrial point sources, evaluation of proposed actions, and production of the compil ed rarsnr*
SERVICES RENDERED BY VBB VIAK . KM PARTNERS OF SW^O
1>33 752 022 24?ENV.RONMeNTAL ;MPACT ASSES S
r                      rS
TANZANIA
THE MTERA RESERVOIR REGION
As  pan of the Great Ruaha Power Project a storage reservoir is  under construction at Mtera, Central Tan zania At full supply  level, the reservoir will have a live storage volume of 3,200 million m3 and a surface area ol 630 km?. The Mtera basin lies  in a semiarid region The land which will be flooded by  the reservoir is  mainly covered by  open grassland, bush or shrubs  Owing to the harsh climatic conditions, the region Is sparsely popu-
METHODS
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The aim of lhe study  was  to assess  the impact of the flooding and regulation of the water in lhe Mtera Reser voir on the environment in general. I.e the impact on the physical environment, lhe living environment and on man and his livelihood
Particular effort was  made to propose measures  to be taken to mitigate or eradicate potential negative effects and to enhance the positive ones.
Basic  data on the environment was  collected in the fields  of climate, hydrology, geology  geomorphology soils, vegetation, wildlife, forestry, limnology  and fishing Data on the human population Included demo graphical characteristics, sociology  and the occurrence of certain water related diseases
RESULTS
Analysis  of the data collected, allowed certain conclu- sions  to be drawn regarding the anticipated impact It was  thus  possible to recommend various  forms  of ac tions  to be taken prior to, during and after inundation with respect to resettlement of the inhabitants, health precautions, land-use policies, bush-clearing, utilization of wood resources, foreshore agriculture, fisheries, pro- lection of wildlife, aquatic  weed control, multi-purpose planning etc.
Clients;      Tanzania      Electric      Supply      Co      (TANESCO)      and Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA)
VBB MEMBER OF SWE^O
•k 3,1CAHORA BASSA
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PROJECT
MOZAMBIQUE
Computer   classified   satellite   registration   of   the   Zambesi   delta   region,   showing   the   distribution   ot   various   types   of vegetation and soils. Mangrove is visible as dark and medium green colours.
THE POWER INSTALLATION
SWECO. in joint venture with SwedPower have been responsible tor a feasibility  study  of the second stage of the Cahora Bassa project on the Zambesi River. The first stage included the dam and an underground power plant of 2075 MW installed capacity  on the south bank  in a second stage, a new power plant of 1200 MW would be constructed on the north bank
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Apart from considerations  of hydrology, growth of de mand. and technical solutions, the feasibility  study  in cluded an assessment of the ecological impact of the operational regulations  proposed for the reservoir at Cahora Bassa The alternative which is  most favourable for power production causes  seasonal variations  which differ considerably  from those in the unregulated river By  the introduction of compensatory  flood storage and possibly  by  freshets, discharge from the reservoir may be managed so that the future river regime resembles that ol the unregulated river.
Information was  collected during the study  on ecology and human activities  in the area, so that a basis  could be established for adequate consideration of the balance between power production and environmental aspects.
METHODS
Available published information on the downstream area
was collected from scientific publications, consultants 
reports and investigations by various authorities Addi
tional information was obtained by computer classifica*
lion of satellite registrations. In depth studies were car
ried out m the form of field visits and interviews with the
local authorities.
RESULTS
The data gathered clearly indicated that maximized
power production would cause a negative impact on
ecological conditions in general, as well as on ex 
ploitable resources A mode of operation which would
create artificial floods at the time of normal highwater
flow and which would prevent the occurrence of out-of
season floods was therefore recommended.
Furthermore, the study  provided suggestions  on recom mended future monitoring of environmental impacts  in the downstream area
Client Electricidade de Mocambique
Services    rendered,    1B81-19B2:    Field    and    Site    investiga tions. assessment report
NDERED BY VBB MEMBER OF SWfcO
im J22 236i.
JENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT BLUE MOUNTAIN MULTI-PURPOSE PROJECT
JAMAICA
BACKGROUND
The Kingston metropolitan area is  In urgent need of an additional source of water supply, firstly  to meet im mediate water demands  and secondly  to cope with the projected growth of water demand In the next few decades  In this  context the waler resources  of the Blue Mountain area are of primary  Interest and the Study  con centrated on the multi-purpose aspects  of project development, including water supply  and hydropower generation.
PROJECT SCHEME
The proposed project is  divided into three phases  and in cludes  inter alia the establishment of a regulation dam and reservoir in the Yallahs  River, the diversion of the water from other catchments  to the reservoir, a tunnel from the reservoir and a hydropower station, as  well as water treatment plants
THE IMPACT STUDY
The Impact Study  focussed on (he direct impact of the Impounded areas  and the consequences  on the environ ment of river valleys  below the impoundment or diver sions.
The reservoir in the Yallahs  River will flood 1.4 km1 ol the
fairly     restricted     in     area     while     the     consequences     for     the downstream      environments      are      more      far      reaching.
The river valleys  were briefly  surveyed on the ground and from the air by  helicopter. The anticipated effects  on the physical environment, the living environment and on man were outlined and discussed for each stage of project development
RECOMMENDATIONS
The recommendations included the means to mitigate negative consequences for man and the environment in general as well as suggestions for additional studies which should be performed during the course of the pro ject.
valley    bottom.    The
impact of this development is thus
Client: Ministry of Mining & Natural Resources 
Government of Jamaica
Services     rendered,     1979-1980:     Field     and     site     investiga tions. assessment report
RENDERED BY VBB MEMBER OF SWEcPI
1
I
B.L
JWATER HYACINTH STUDY PANGANI RIVER, TANZANIA
CKGROUND
infestation   of   a   river   basin   or   a   water   body   by 
.uatic    vegetation    often    causes    considerable    economic losses     and     cannot     be     ignored     in     water     resources development    and    management    schemes.    Since    controll ing  aquatic  weeds  is  costly,  it  is  important  to  make  provi sions   for   suitable   preventive   measures   and   to   integrate these   into   the   general   management   of   the   water   bodies. The rapid growth of certain aquatic weeds, for example.
in man made lakes  is  a well-known nuisance in tropical and subtropical regions. The water hyacinth in par ticular has proved to be a major problem
THE STUDY
The aim was  to assess  the impact of aquatic  weeds  in general and water hyacinths  In particular on the opera tion and output of the Hale and Pangani Falls  power sta tions on the Pangani River.
THE WATER HYACINTH
The water hyacinth was  probably  brought to Tanzania as an ornamental in the late 1940’s. It later spread acciden tally  into the Pangani and Sigi river systems  In the Tanga region and is  today  well established The water hyacin ths  may  form large continuous  floating mats  which obstruct navigation and fishing and cause deoxygena tion of the water below
Furthermore, they  severely  affect the operation of reser voirs. irrigation projects  and power plants, in a number of ways
•    by blocking Inlets or outlets, spillways and channels
•    by decreasing the speed of water and thus increasing
the rate of sedimentation
•    by occupying useful volume
•       by    increasing    the    loss    of    water    by    evapotranspiration
■ by serving as a refuge for certain disease vectors (e g
snails     which     act     as     intermediate     hosts     for     bilharzia parasites).
RESULTS
The total extent of water hyacinth infestation in the river system was  established in the field. Quantity  abundance and vigour of individual plants, their occupation of water volume and evapotranspiration rates  were measured in situ. The total reduction of water for the power plants due to the occurrence of water hyacinths  was  calculated and an eradication campaign outlined Eradication was deemed necessary  not only  for the troubles  encountered on the Pangani River but also for the far-reaching economic  consequences  connected with a spread of the water hyacinths  into river systems  with large water reser voirs elsewhere in the country
Client: Tanzania Electrical Supply Co (TANESCO)
Services     rendered.     1977*     Field     and     site     Investigations, assessment report
MEMBER OF SWftOVI
assessment of environmental problems of HANOI
1
jfder to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the various j-iurs affecting of the urban environment ol Hanoi, SWECO
•n  Jertook a study with the mam immediate goals to determine the degree of urban pollution, find the dominant causes of the pollution, identify problem areas and propose remedial ac
tions.
The project should form a base for further actions and outline a strategic environmental development plan at Hanoi The pro ject was  based on a framework  prepared by  Hanoi Environ ment Committee, HEC. a SIDA Memorandum on Environmen tal problems  In the City, and on discussions  between HEC. SIDA. and SWECO.
The proved should aim at identifying the most critical sources to the urban environmental degradation and suggest relevant measures  It should contribute to a suitable development ol Hanoi Ciiy and could be adopted as a model for similar projects in Ho Chi Minh City, Haiphong and other cities in the region
The works comprised i a.
— collection of data from the analyses of air, water and soil in Hanoi
— assessment of the water supply situation
— assessment of solid waste management
— assessment of sewage water management
— assessment ol the environmental impact of urban traffic — assessment of the nature conservation strategy in Hano< — review of environmental legislation and regulations
—  assessment of instructions dealing with environmental questions
— review of city planning process
Client Hanoi Environment Committoe
Financier; Swedish International Development Authority.
SIDA
Services rendered 1993 Assessment Report 1993
SERVICES RENDERED BY VBB VIAK PARTNER OF SV\^O
’’’vn m 3*2I
JLAKE RESTORATION LAKE MANAGUA, NICARAGUA
LAKE MANAGUA
Lake   Managua,   the   second   largest   lake   in   Nicaragua has  a  surface  area  of  about  1  000  km1,  but  its  mean  depth is    only    8    m    It    is    subject    to    pollution    from    several sources,      primarily      untreated      domestic      sewage      from Managua    City,    untreated    effluents    from    chemical    and tood     processing     industries,     and     agrochemicals     Irom cultivations in the lake basin.
The lake has  no regular outflow.In addition to an thropogenic  pollutants, the concentrations  of dissolved matter from natural sources, such as  rivers  and geother mai wells, are therefore gradually  increasing in the water of the lake
Lake Managua is  situated in the most densely  populated part of the country, and would represent a natural resource of considerable value if the quality  of the lake water could be improved. At present, fish production is fairly  high, but the water can only  be used lor irrigation within strict limits  It is  not suitable for industrial or domestic  use The recreational value of the lake is  In significant at the present time
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
SWECO was asked to perform a study on integrated management of the lake basin with the aim of preventing further deterioration and to suggest means to recover
the lake. The brief did not Include an actual investigation of the lake, but was  restricted to a review of previous studies and discussions with the authorities concerned
METHODS AND RESULTS
Available information on the lake and the watershed was collected in Nicaragua Local expertise was  consulted, and the lake and its surroundings were visited.
A     number     of     short-,     medium     and     long-term     measures were    suggested.    The    highest    priority    was    given    to    the control      of      industrial      and      agro-chemical      pollution      The medium-term     measures     primarily     included     control     of     the discharge    of    domestic    sewage,    and    possible    methods    to reduce   the   total   amounts   of   sewage   entering   the   lake.   In the    long    term,    transfer    of    water    to    the    lake    from    other catchments     was     recommended     as     the     only     practicable means    to    preserve    Lake    Managua    as    a    viable    resource for the development of the country.
Client:      United      Nations     Development      Programme.      Mana gua.
a Ssseervis<ce5s monr»endered,     1982:     Field     and     site     investigations. assessment report.
I\
SERVICES RENDERED BY VBB
MEMBER OF sw^o
64 075 240*------ =r
1environmental study
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
fF
Jl*
In November 1989 SWECO was commissioned to perform a study of the environmental impact of the mining activities in the
Sanchez Ramirez province,
The study covered
•    Gold- and silver mines at Pueolo Viejo
•    Nickel mines at Bonao
Salt mines al Barahona
The services Included
•    review and study of regulations and directions regarding handling  and  emission  of  relevant  products  and  ot  en
vironmental impact
•    review and study of basic data regarding present state of environmental impact caused by mining activities.
•    review and study of expected basic data regarding add* tional environmental impact caused by suggested exten sion of present process and production.
•    examination of performed development work in order to establish alternative processes
Client: Direccibn General de Mineria Services rendered. 1989-1990
,( Wl 33022251
SERVICES RENDERED BY VBB       VIAK PARTNER OF SW^jOr
iMARINE aquaculture
f-isb farming >n a sheltered coastal area
Lack  of  food,  particularly  proiem  is  a  grave  problem  for a  large  Dart  of  the  world's  population  today.  In  addition, several  countries  without  any  acute  food  shortage  have to    pay   high   prices    for   imported    seafood.   Intensified utilization   of   marine   resources   Is   therefore   taking   place all   over   the   world   However,   traditional   fishing   offers limited   possibilities   Many   areas   are  naturally   infertile;   in others   stocks   of   fish   have   been   severely   overexploited In  addition,  a  number  of  countries  have  been  excluded from  fishing  grounds  by   the  new   economic   zones,  and increasing   fuel   costs   have   reduced   the   returns   of   off shore fishing.
When looking for new ways to utilize marine resour
ces. aquaculture stands out as one of the most promis
ing alternatives. The principle is not new; it has been
known for a very long time that production of aquatic organisms can be Increased by various means of hus 
bandry and manipulation of the environment
The   present   worldwide   interest   in   marine   aquaculture has   created   new   techniques   for   rearing   fish  and  shell fish.   especially   mussels   and   shrimps.   Composition   and conversion  rates  of  food  have  been  Improved;  more  effi cient  pest  control  methods  have  been  introduced;  induc ed   breeding   techniques   have   been   developed;   and   a
Presently    farmed    species    include    organisms    such    as 
macroalgae,    oysters,    clams    and    mussels,    shrimps,    milk-
fish,   eels,   mullet   and   salmon.   The   choice   of   species   is 
important    and    requires    a    thorough    study    of    local    en
vironmental   conditions,   as   well   as   of   economic   and   tech
nological    conditions.    *or    a    particular    aquaculture    techni
que.   In   many   countries,   there   already   exists   an   establish
ed  tradition  of  aquaculture,  which  can  be  of  use  when  in
troducing    new    species    and    alternative    methods    In    other
countries,    aquaculture    has    never    been    practised,    and    a
study of all the basic aspects will be required.
In   its   simplest   form,   aquaculture   consists   of   the   trapp
ing   and   confinement   of   fish   or   shellfish   in   canals   and
estuaries,     where     they     utilize     naturally     occurring     food
This   axtensive   method,   where   input   of   labour   and   capital
is    minimal,    is    successful    only    In    particularly    favourable
areas.   However,   mussels   and   oysters,   which   feed   on   par
ticles   suspended   in   the   water,   are   successfully   reared   in
extensive    cultivations    with    less    demand    on    environmen
tal conditions
wider  range  than  before  of available
possible cultivated specles^s^ervices offered: Strategic planning Project studies [ design. Implementation.
SERVICES RENDERED BY VBB MEMBER OF SW^QjO
J*2 C2 2-2' productivity Predators and
pests
Local species
Organisms with a high market value, such as salmon and shrimps, are profitably cultivated by intensive
methods. The organisms are kept in artificial containers and food is brought from outside. In most cases fodder
is a heavy expense The amount of food available for human consumption is not increased by intensive
methods - quite the reverse, since trash fish or fish meal are the chief foods for the reared organisms The
economic gains may nevertheless be substantial by the transformation of the produce from low-price to high-
price products
In semi intensive cultivations, the advantage of the i
mands of a single specie establish and maintain th
more species are reared s 
monocultures are easie
oolycuttures. where •<
ultaneously, but iUtp
.
ficial Interaction exists between the organisms n culture the yield may be superior to that o culture.
Marine aquaculture is a good alternative ment to other means of seafood
provide substantial amounts of protein nc • where other means of food production However, aquaculture is not an unconditio
1
simplicity of extensive cultivations is retained, but in creased productivity is obtained by a higher level of management Fertility is increased by manuring The
species to be reared is carefully chosen and the number of organisms  is  controlled The teenmque of semi- intensive cultivation is well established About 200 000
must be evaluated in a wider socio econ and physical and biological prerequis/ culture in a particular area have to be ev
stra Tt he egi sch c pl eadnunliengabaonved pirnodjeicacttse,Ls jqt'ehSe._incgano’ r4tj aquaculture. In practice, such a schedu
__
adhered to In detail — some factors may elucidated at an earlier stage than ,n^,ca[eJ  etc-
.
XTZi
AOdUCed annua,l> ,n an eluClda,ed at an ea'rher stlge than tnd.catea
about 200 kg per acre, but may be VsTgh SJ^'S
be seif-ovi^— 
i'T'”.
T"' Abroad OjfUe tnl^o 'Sitior ^il
5
v
water quality, food, etc must oe adjusted lo the d^ unders,00<J ' a' adjustments are nece
lr> monocultures, only one speci
es Is reared Smee ?dule ,here,ore only gives broady *
h
IC
l- “ cacaseses. s.
3. ai . | lnl^e ’SALMON SMOLT REARING ICELAND
Setting out
A salmon smolt production plant is being built south o' Hve- ragerdi in Iceland. The rearing facilities  are designed *or a nominal capacity  of 500,000 oneyear smolts, each weighing between 60 and 65 grams.
In 1984 SWECO was commissioned by the proprietor. Sil- furlax HB. to carry out the detailed design and prepare ten der documents (or the salmon roaring facilities.
ENERGY RESOURCES
The production of smolts this size is made possible by using heated production water. A geothermal well supplies the ne cessary  thermal energy. The geothermal energy  is  transfer red to the production water via a plate heat exchanger to achieve optimum temperature for the growth of salmon fry. Oxygen is  added to the production water after the tempera ture has been set Provision Is made to use the thermal ener gy  in the effluent water to pre-heat incoming production wa ter
WATER RESOURCES
A  continuous  water  supply  by  gravity  is  made  possible  due
to the topography of the slto.
To  meet  the
stringent  water
qua
lity  requirements,  two  wa
ter
sources are
used to supply 
the
rearing facilities with pro
duction waler. Water to hatchery and small fry tanks is taken
.11
from  an  artesian  well,  and  water  from  the  Sanda  stream  Is used for the larger rearing tanks.
Used  water  is  treated  in  a  vortex  sedimentation  tan*  and tho   treated   effluent   is   discharged   into   the   SandA   stream The  sludge,  being  rich  in  nutrients,  will  be  finally  disposed  of on neighbouring agricultural fields.
REARING FACILITIES
The principal components  in rearing salmon smolts  are hat chery  for hatching 1edill2ed roe, rearing tanks  In appropriate sues, sorting system for grading and transport/loadmg equipment. The facilities  are also provided with automatic feeders with time control and lighting.
A     service     building     containing     the     electromechanical equipment,   workshop,   feed   storage   as   well   as   accommoda tion,   office,   laboratory   and   lounge   areas   for   staff   is   being built adjacent to the main rearing hall.
Client: Silfurlax HB, Iceland.
Total investment: USD 750000 (estimate).
Services    rendered,    19B5    Detailed    design,    tender    docu mmeenntts, s, pprroocucurreemmeenntt aassi  ssist staanncece.
RENDERED BY VBB MEMBER OF SWfcO
!9H5a72D2?3-.iARTfSIAM VtU
Schematic of .neat transfer system and fish sorting pipe system
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
The design comprises sectioning of the rearing facilities In to sub-syslems Each sub-system is designed for rearing salmon fry in a particular size group The operational para meters are: wate' how rate oxygen content, light and teed amount and frequency.
Grading and thinning out is done continuously to obtain ar even-size fish. To avoid unnecessary handling, lish are
•ransported to the sorting oasin through a system of buried pipes.
System maintenance is faci'iated by the open lay out which enables access to all tanks by a fork lift
It Y 'INILE DELTA TILE
drainage project
EGYPT
PORT SAID
ALEXANDRIA
□AMANHUl
>
1SMAILIA
Delta'
kB»'rA0|
CAIRO
I
About two thirds  ot the cultivated area of Egypt is located in (he Nile Delta Increasing irrigation has  made drainage facilities  necessary  In order to lower the groundwater (able and desalinize the soil profile
The project comprised about one fourth of the Della, i e. 950,000 feddans or 400.000 ha, and included eleven pum ping stations, the remodelling of some 1.700 km off main drains  and canals, and the tile drainage of the whole area with a total pipe length o* 80 000 km. In addition in cluded in the Project was  the purchase of pipemaking and pipe-laying machines, associated mechanical equip ment, the construction of workshops  and stores, and the training of local technical staff to operate and maintain the entire project and handle future protects  of a similar nature.
A   considerable   increase   of   crop   yields   was   expected from the intensified drainage and the rale of return on
Construction completed
Client    the    Nile-    Delta    Authority    for    Tile    Drainage    Pro lecls. Ministry of Irrigation. Cairo, Egypt
Total investment. 1971 — 78: USD 147 M, of which 26 M was a loan from the International Development Associa lion (IDA) to cover the costs of pumping machinery, drainage machines and other equipment.
Services rendered: General advice and assistance in the project work including project planning and progress follow up, development of drainage techniques, training programmes evaluation of tenders, recommendations on methods for carrying out drawings, planning of workshops etc . as well as establishing methods for the evaluation of project benefits.
capital  invested  in  the  project  was  estimated  at  app Imately 18 per cent.
SERVICES RENDERED BY VBB                    MEMBER OF SWEcPX-
I
I
I
I
I
IDIRAB RESEARCH F
r-Aor-H farm IRRIGATION
saud| ARAB1A
increasingly  larger amounts  of treated wastewater ef fluent are becoming available in Saudi Arabia lor use as a water resource Irrigation In recreational areas  and on agricultural ’and constitute the main applications  lor utilizing these additional quantities  It Is  foreseen that by  the end of the century, several thousand hectares  of land in Saudi Arabia could be irrigated with treated wastewater effluent
In 1980, VBB was  commissioned to carry  out the study and design of the irrigation and drainage facilities  at the Dlrab Research Farm, owned by  the Ministry  of Agriculture and Water. Riyadh. The 100 ha farm is  plann ed to include a variety  of agricultural research facilities, including equipment for different irrigation methods
The study  and design, carried out in 1981, provide a com plete and flexible presentation of irrigation methods available lor Incorporation in the overall research pro gramme for crop production and related activities.
The      100      ha      farm      features      the      following      irrigation systems.
•   Solid set sprinkler irrigation
•   Side move Irrigation
•   Travelling gun
•   Centre pivot irrigation
■ Greenhouse irrigation
•   Trickle irrigation for vegetables
•   Trickle and bubbler irrigation of trees
•   Basin irrigation
•   Border irrigation
•   Furrow irrigation
•   Subsurface irrigation
•   Irrigation of windbreaks
Irrigation and fertilization scheduling and control are
performed by means of automatic control units. Ten
siometers are provided to monitor and facilitate deter
mination of irrigation requirements
Client;    Ministry    of    Agriculture    and    Water.    Saudi    Arabia Total investment, 1981-1983 USD 700 000 (estimated)
Services     rendered,     1980     1981:     Projecf     report,     des.gn. specifications.
SERVICES RENDERED BY VBB MEMBER OF SWE(^0
• a ,-W imIRRIGATION OF
GREEN BELTS AND GARDENS
IRAQ
I
•identtal area in Akashat during construction
Ai Ka m on the river Euphrates  and Akashat on a desert plateau, are two industrial complexes  which are under construction (1983* ir western Iraq. A res  dential town surrounded by  a green bell of trees  will adjoin each com plex  The residential areas  will be provided with parks and tree-lined avenues, and each house will have its  own private garden
The proprietor of the two complexes  is  the State Organization for Minerals, SOM In 1982. SWECO was commissioned by  SOM's  main contractor, the State Company  for Building Contracts  (SCBC). to carry  out the detailed design and prepare contract documents  tor the irrigation system
IRRIGATION WATER DISTRIBUTION
To obtain maximum flexibility  of operation a system that would convey  the entire flow to any  main section of the irrigation area at any  given lime was  designed The ultimate daily  water requirements  of 21 500 m’ for Al Kaim and 2.250 m’ for Akashat would be supplied through a main pipeline loop for each town
green belts
The   main   part   of   the   irrigation   protect   concerns   the watering of trees in green. belts, streets and
neighbourhood gardens  It was  concluded lhat trickle (drip) irrigation should De used This  system will facilitate protection against vandalism and harmful con tact with the irrigation water, the latter aspect being par ticul ar I y  Important for Akashat where the irrigation water will be wastewater effluent
GRASS AREAS
The irrigation of grass  areas  in gardens  and parks  in the town centres  was  designed for overhead application by means of sprinkler and spray irrigation.
Client:     SCBC.    State    Company    for    Building    Contracts, Baghdad
Total Investment: USD 8.5 M (estimate)
Services    rendered.    1982    Detailed    design,    contract    docu merits,
a4
V fy 
services  RENOERED BY            VBB            MEMBER OF SW^OPRIVATE GARDENS
As water usage in private garoens is usually of a more uncontrolled nature than in public  areas, it was necessary  to design a system separate from other systems, wh ch would limit the supply to the actual peak amount required. This was achieved by the incorporation of two features, viz time control and pressure regulation, Ahich give a daily rep emshment of a specific volume of water to each garden The supply Io each house will be controlled by a sealed valve which is to be operated by
the authorities only
WATER QUALITY
In Al Kaim. irrigation water W||( b
Euphrates and tillered mechamln^ t
1
distributed to the irrigation areas. v
tet ,>.
;
In Akashat, wastewater effluent trOm
ment process plant will be used afters screening For public health and
reasons, it was decided to restrict ihe * Mi?
g  en belts around the town. House rn^'V private gardens and all green areas ,n ??%. designed for connection Io potable wate,? I°*’?
re
IRRIGATION water I PUMPING STATION
PRIVATE GARDENS
SPRINKLER  IRRIGATION
SPRAY IRRIGATION
HI I H4-H TRICKLE IRRIGATION
Schematic diagram ol water distribute and canJfof 3ysJem
OPERATION
_
x
rhe des.gn .rcorporaled sectioning of the network into System maintenance is taciliated by Pe
. . ------- w.„,n
MAINTENANCE
. oeriO^ “Lil
...I..-- T1
subsystems with automatic time
in flow rate and oressure requirements chacactenstic to          °  P
subsystems with automatic time control of soleno.d treatment of the water supply Preve" XeS-
valves The subsystems are characterized by differences caused bv orSates and bacteria s' *
•
in flow rate and pressure
•he irrigation methods, and by geographical location and
tlons for chemical treatment and ten
oy precipitate■s .a--nma«rs
y     rec,     aIes a
P"
DaGI5''mzersare'
p ,rf
topography.
at the pumping plant. f\REUSE OF RIYADH
WASTEWATER FOR AGRICULTURE
LEaEND
1: Arable ai'J * th no
<x fllfihl lunlal or»
J-jChns 2
^jClasn 4-
Arabia ’and w«1M
<$Hqr>i to rpoOerala
Irnftal ont
Limited a»«bir 'and
witn to ver*
Mj<«ra limitations Gain 5 Non Arabia lard
—•
wlh 5-cvare h/nltations
J ____ jime
IXO 2 0DC”i
'Class fi Land of slgmflean
—1 c« 10* agrlcutture
Lfind suitability classes for irrigation in Dirab area
,,q city of Riyadh Is located in an and area with limited
er resources. In areas as this type, the reuse or
stewater effluent Is a means of solving the problem ot casing the amount of water available for various pur-
•s (see figure overleaf)
980. VBB was commissioned by the Ministry of
ult’ure and Water. Riyadh, to study possible uses for gradually increasing amount of treated wastewater
uuced
i report concluded that the controlled use of 200 000
» d of wastewater effluent, adequately treated. Is flnan- cnlly feasible, and could result in. (or example, the ir
rigation of:
•  680 ha date palms with undercrops
•  70 ha vegetables
•   1 000 ha fruit
•  600 ha cereals
The major areas covered by the study are
EXISTING CONDITIONS
This part of the study comprises an investigation of pre
sent agricultural production and parameters pertaining
to future agricultural Irrigation such as topography,
climate, geology, soils, hydrology and water resources QUALITATIVE ASPECTS OF REUSE OF WASTEWATER EFFLUENT
The study  discusses  water quality  criteria, which may differ depending on crop and method of application Maximum levels  of dissolved and suspended solids. BOD, sodium, boron content and other potentially  toxic elements, chloride content and pH value are determined. It is  concluded that a significant part of the post treat ment preceding the various  reuse applications  is  the removal ol bacteria, viruses  and other toxic  substances health^ ’Feate<3 wastewater effluent to safeguard public
/
I
It is  recommended that strict health criteria for post treatment ot biologically  treated wastewater effluent be applied to safeguard public  health and to allow for dif ferent reuse applications.
AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION
Il Is  concluded that chemical quality  limits  for salinity and specific  iron concentration in the irrigation water must be conservative for Riyadh, due to limited leaching by natural precipitation.
Methods  of increasing water efficiency  factors  by  apply ing effective irrigation techniques  adapted to suit specific crop production are discussed.
CROP PRODUCTION
Crop budgets  for locally  suitable field, vegetable, forage and fruit crops  are presented in the study  as  well as recommendations  for suitable cropping patterns  as regards  land and soil characteristics, available water resources  and proposed irrigation and management techniques
ORGANIZATION
Organization and management services rendered are in cluded as well as the development of organizational
plans and staffing patterns. Organizational schedules 
are provided for a Treatment and Distribution Depart
ment. Maintenance Department and Extension Depart
ment.
Client: Ministry of Agriculture and Water. Saudi Arabia.
Total Investment. 1981-1985 (estimated)
Transmission   lines   and   pumping   stations   USD70   M
Treatment Plant: USD 35 M
Distribution system USD 44 M
Drainage system: USD 7M
Services rendered. 1980-1981 Field investigations, easibilIty study, organization and management study.
\|l
SERVICI
RENDERED BY VBB . MEMBER OF SW^Odiscussed effluent reuse areas
JSdLVESBORG
WASTEWATER IRWGATION
Iri Sweden, as  m other industrialized countries, wastewater from urban centres  fertilizes  rivers  and lakes 
■with   mineral   nutrients   thereby   disturbing   the   ecologies' balance   of   the   natural   flora   and   fauna.   By   utilizing secondarily   treated   wastewater   for   Irrigation,   the   valu able  mineral  nutrients  could  be  utilized  by  the  crops,  and at   the   same  time  the  rivers  and  lakes  would  be  less polluted and treatment costs reduced
In  1978,  VBB  was  commissioned  to  carry  out  study  and design   work   in   connection   with   a   research   project   in which  secondary  effluent  from  the  treatment  plant  in  the town  of  Sdlvesborg  would  be  used  for  the  irrigation  of 250  ha  of  private  agricultural  land  The  design  and  con struction  of  a  9  km  long  400  mm  diameter  transmission line  from  the  treatment  plant  to  the  land  were  completed in  1979,  and  the  full  scale  experiment  involving  sprinkler irrigation   with   wastewater   effluent   started   in   1979.   This experiment     constitutes     a     Government-aided     research programme  conducted  by  the  SWECO  member  firm  VBB over a period of five years
Owing  to  shortage  ol  ground  and  surface  water  in  the project   area,   irrigation   was   only   practised   on   a   limited scale  prior  to  the  commencement  ol  the  present  waste water  effluent  scheme.  The  crops  have  shown  a  positive response to irrigation with effluent, particularly potatoes
and    sugar    beet    Other    crops    grown    are    barley,    wheat, beetroot and pasture
The    research    programme    comprises    investigations    on the    effects    of    wastewater    effluent    Irrigation    on    public health,   the   environment,   soils   and   ground   water   A   com parison   of   yields   achieved   by   irrigation   with   only   ground waler   is   also   included.   The   results   of   the   investigations are presented In the form of annual research reports
As   the   Sdlvesborg   project   constitutes   the   most   exten sive   investigation   of   its   kind   ever   conducted   in   Sweden, it   is   of   particular   interest   as   a   source   for   gaining   ex perience    in    the    utilization    of    wastewater    in    Swedish agriculture
The    progress    of    the    research    programme    is    being followed   up   by   a   reference   group   composed   of   represen tatives     from     the     Swedish     University     of     Agriculture. Government authorities and public institutions.
Client: Municipality of Sdlvesborg, Sweden
Total investment 1978-1979: USD 0.5 M.
Services rendered, 1978-1979; Project studies, design
and implementation.
1979-ongoing    Performance    of    research    activities    includ mg annual research reports
SERVICES RENDERED BY VBB MEMBER OF SWfcO
19*2 J21 D22 2*0I
I
I' 1
I
,iABADAN ISLAND WATER SUPPLY AND
and khorramshahr irrigation project
IRAN
General map
Date palms  have been cultivated on Abadan Island and in adjacent areas  from time immemorial, and fruit and vegetables  have been grown under the protection of the foliage. Nature has  taken care of Irrigation through tidal flooding with fresh river water, and at present a gross  area of 27,000 hectares is being farmed.
Since   around   1925.   however,   periodic   intrusion   of   saline sea    water    from    the    Persian    Gulf    into    the    Shatt-al-Arab (Arvand-Rud)    and    the    Bahmanshir    has    taken    place,    see map.     This     intrusion     has     caused     increasing     concern because    of    a    significant    decrease    in    the    production    of dates.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
In 1976, SWECO, in cooperation with MAHAB of Tehran, completed a feasibility  study  on the Abadan Island and Khorramshahr Water Supply  and Irrigation Project. The aim or the study  was  to Investigate the hydrologic  condi tion of the estuaries  and to present solutions  for an ade quate water supply  over the next 50 years. The ultimate project under concideralion for water supply would con
Client;   Khuzlstan   Water   and    Power   Authority, Ministry of Energy, Iran.
Total investment. 1984-1989: USD 140 M (estimate. First Phase).
irrigation  and  drainage  of  date  palms piementation.
prior to project im-
I
J   Services rendered, 1974-1976: Feasibility Study.
1980—1983; Detail design, tender documents
SERVICES RENDERED BY VBB MEMBER OF SWftP
'*84 2*J D72_ _ co one hpcfares and industrial and «*>'»'«3 OT ml"“n m' °'
*   WateMeMures   affecting   the   project   area   are   rhe Euphrates and Tigris rivers, which join in theShatt-ahArab River the Karun and Bahmanshir rivers, and the Persian Gulf  The  hydraulic  conditions  of  these  water  features were studied by means of a computer model Existing and planned projects for irrigation and diversion, power pro duction and Hood control in the river basins were assess ed with regard lo waler requirements. It was concluded that the outflow from the Shatt-al-Arab upstream of the project area will be practically exhausted before the turn of the century. Subsequently, the only remaining source of fresh water for the project will be the Karun river.
Without appropriate countermeasures, the decrease in supply ol fresh water will lead to a rapid deterioration In the condition of the estuaries. The salinity of the water carried  by  the  estuaries  is  mainly  controlled  by  the d’sharge of fresh water from the rivers into the Gulf, but also by tidal moventments and winds In the Gulf and the adjoining rivers
The  Irrigation  study  also  included  determination  of physical and chemical characteristics of soil series and n,?. uSS ?'L°n *"h refla,d t0 sui,abi,i<y 'or irrigation
detail design of first phase
In 1983, SWECO. still cooperate
pleted the detail design of the firs," *'lh M*Ml
This phase consist of the supple mT9* of Karun River to the Abadan island /esh
32.000 hectares of mainly dates wf ,he •"-? design comprised the following items
• Pumping station on the Karun Rivo capacity 90 m’/s. final capacity 120
14 precast concrete caissons servinT’'*’ ^ submersible pumps with a nominal can each.
•
1
Primary canal to the Bahmanshir ran. length 10 km.
•«Paci;y.2,.
Barrage   on   the   upper   Bahmanshir,   COf,s(r     „ cellular cofferdam.
Pumping station on the Bahmanshir at Torrey final capacity 30 m7s. same type as at Mare- Main canals on the Abadan Island for distn’j^. the water from Torre h Bokhah to the agricultural’ total length 70 km
22 secondary pumpin each equipped with nominal capacity of C Pipes from the seco farms, maximum diarr
tationsalongthemantu.
e submersible pempsrt * n’/s each
1
-y pumping stations fo ; r 1,400 mm
f
calculated.
a er re9u,rements were
7 VV/RESETTLEMENT STUDY
HYDRO-ELECTRIC
UPPER MAZARUNI
I PROJECT
GUYANA
BACKGROUND
The proposed Upper Mazaruni Hydro-electric  Project In cludes  the construction of a power plant and a storage reservoir In the hinterland of Guyana near the borders  of Brazil and Venezuela In a first stage development, the reservoir will flood 575 km’ of land mainly  composed of dense rain forest, swamp forest, scrub forest and man made grasslands
whai seems  to be an arbitrary  and unjustifiable govern ment action, is  especially  difficult for relatively  isolated human populations  who have derived most of their sup port from local resources.
The wishes  of the people directly  concerned was  thus the guiding principle of the approach to lhe resettlement issue
THE PEOPLE
The region is  sparsely  populated, the total number of in habitants  being estimated al 4500. of which 3000 are of Amerindian origin, mostly  belonging to the Akawaio and Arekuna tribes. The Amerindians  live mainly  on agri culture. fishing, hunting and minlnQ.
Apart from the indigenous  people there are also settlers from the coast. Diamond and gold prospectors  from many  parts  of Guyana and the Carrlbean Islands  also live near the rivers. Their presence is. however, of a less permanent nature al a given locality  since they  will move when the local mineral resources are depleted.
METHODS AND RESULTS
A   preliminary   evaluation   of   suitable   sites   was   made   on the    basis    of    interpretation    of    aerial    photos,    maps    and relevant   background   material,   and   of   local   sources   of   in formation     .     Parameters     of     particular     interest     in     the evaluation    procedure    were    lhe    agricultural    potential,    the hydrological       conditions,       possibilities       for       transportation by     use     of     waterways,     tribal     affinities     and     religious beliefs of the local residents
THE STUDY
The resettlement of the Amerindians  from the area to be flooded Is  more crucial than that for the other in habitants  concerned. It is  well known that being forced
to  leave  their  home  and  ancestral  land,  as  .-a
Client: Upper Mazaruni Development Authority.
Government of Guyana
Services    rendered,    1982-1983:    Field    and    site    Investiga tions, assessment report.
SERVICES RENDERED BY V8B MEMBER OF SWE^O
M D?2 241I
I
FA                   1TEHRAN WATER RESOURCES STUDY
C3Spian
•n  order  to  plan  the  long  term  development  of  Tehran  and the   northern   region   of   Iran   a   Reconnaissance   Study   of the   water   resources   was   carried   out   during   the   period 1976-78.     The     study     comprised     climatology,     hydrology and   hydrogeology,   agriculture   and   forestry,   social   condi tions,     economy,     population     and     water     demand.     The study  was  followed  by  a  Master  Plan,  submitted  in  i960, presenting    alternative    strategies    and    solutions    for    the development of the water resources up to the year 2004
The   number   of   inhabitants   in   the   study   area   was   9
million In 1976. 4.5 million of whom were living in Greater Tehran. The study  considers  the period up to the year 2004 when a population of 20 million is  forecast. The study  region covers  80 000 kma with its  northern boun dary  along the coast of Salt Lake. The area is  traversed In an east westerly  direction by  the Alborz  Mountains which feed the rivers  and groundwater basins. Physiographic  differences  have split the study  area into the Sall Lake Region south of the mountains  and the Caspian Sea Region to the north, which is  In turn divided into five sub areas
HYDROLOGY AND SURFACE WATER RESOURCES
The study  of hydrology  and surface water resources  In cluded an investigation of the existing hydrologic  net work  in the project area, analysis  of the accuracy  of available data and recommendations  on Improvements and extensions  of the network. The study  presents  an assessment of the hydrologic  regime of the area in cluding estimates  of available surface water raSfcurces 
and analyses  of floods  and droughts  An assessment is also made of water quality, erosion, sedimentation and evaporation.
Reservoires  are required to provide water during annual and Interannual droughts  and a number of possible dam sites  were studied. The conditions  within the area pre sent considerable problems  due to active faults, earth quake activity, weak  or permeable foundation, potential ly unstable valley sides and reservoir sedimentation
A    number    of    projects,    mainly    multipurpose    schemes    for domestic      and      industrial      water      supply      as      well      as hydropower     generation     and     irrigation,     were     selected     for further    studies.    Several    schemes    involved    the    transfer    of water     from     the     northern     catchments     to     the     southern, drier   region   and   Tehran.   The   operation   of   these   schemes was    studied    by    means    of    a    mathematical    model,    In tegrating     existing     schemes     as     a     basis     for     optimum development     to     meet     the     demand     during     the     period under study
Client;     Tehran     Water     Board     through     MAHAB     Consulting Engineers, Tehran.
Total investment.
1981-1990: USD 1 400 M (estimate)
1991-2000: USD 900 M (estimate)
Services    rendered.    1976    80:    Reconnaissance    Study    and Master Plan.
rendered by vbb member of  SW^O
*ann-niHraROCEOioo’'»« „
60
N °MyAND
tions etc
The data collected regarding the two major ^rsjn
the vicinity of Tehran and Oa«in has been evaluated in a computer-based hydrogeological model. A variety of Situations have been studied during the course of the model work, such as.
• original conditions in 1958
• conditions in 1976
• increased import of water
• implementation of dewatering schemes
• implementation of sewerage system
• change of qanal systems
• artificial recharge
SOCIAL CONDITIONS, ECONnu. POPULATION
An analysis of the social condit
population provides essential knowh?'
tors connected with water demand
sidered if as accurate forecast lstobe?Nb’ mand and consumption. The appro?
analyse the features of the most impo? £
the provincial variations, and to make
the likely course of development in the Ijt Social conditions encompasses asp^.. household patterns, income and consumer***' and social welfare, and describes the p,ob7^ quences of government plans and efforts '*• Economy comprises an inventory of - J
industries ^
of employment, access to trained r ***
resources, transportation and trade.
location  of  various  industrial  sectors,  etc.  ThesiJ^
manpo^
t Pfctatie*:
also defined Tehran? ‘ ~
u
AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY
The following investigations have been caried out to assess the soil resources of ten major plains in the area
• Classifications of land regarding Its suitability for irrigation
•  Present land use
• Possible, ultimate land use
The population deter as well as the preset lure. Alternative popu. on the basis of the
short and long term ,
WATER DEMAND
The projected annual w Won at the turn of thee
role in the national eccn^ iant factors have seen
<nd probable future i/tansr I on forecasts are compo
ses of determinant lactx i assumption is adored
I
,r demand ol the Caspai
.♦jry(2OO4)isatx>ut3«M’
with the present level or irrigation and about 471m
wl the irrigation potential fully developed,
figures for
Salt Lake region are 5 OXii
10000                    1
M   m     respectively,
of   which   1650   Mu'u
r  Putable  to  the  domestic 
and  Industrial  demand  J 
Greater Tehran area
.........-
sr.
master PLAN
The  master  plan  focuses  on  the  optimum  sotuo1 cover  the  water  demand  of  the  Greater  Tehrani't‘i P'an    presents    the    characteristics    of    schemes^ ,Zel°ped'     ,heir        costs     and     schedules     for     1^ tion«    i    c°mprises      3    major    dams,    all    ir'c,ud"*t..d tenorh   °/f    hKdropowe/-   generation.   3   tunnels   *',n     ) 2    fi°/,fnofe     ,har>    *0    km    and    3    malOr    P^p^    '
duiZ^wei,s 
,or
e *tracii°n
o/
0^ndwaie,iH
sectmnsof ,Mal lenpth °' ma'or P^’^s's^
km m add h P 4 Para"el 2 000 mm P Pe Jbtt^
dams     °n’     ,f1e        scheme     includes     a     nu^' lion canals^'00 s*ruc,ures> Pumping stationTENTH of RAMADAN MASTER AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN. EGYPT
The development of a number of independent new cities around Cairo has  been proposed Tenth of Ramadan is the first of these Located In the desert 50 km from Cairo, with a first stage population of 150.000 and a target population of 500,000 SWECO was  commissioned to undertake a Master Plan for Tenth of Ramadan and a Development Plan for the first stage of Implementation.
The Master Plan Report, which was  submitted in 1976, In cluded economic-geographic  and housing forecasts, studies  on industrial development, economic  and finan cial analyses, traffic  forecasts, location of residential, industrial, commercial, public  and recreation areas, prin ciple layouts  of main traffic  systems, water supply, sewerage, solid wastes  disposal, energy  and first stage development plan for first stage industrial areas.
The detailed development planning work  consisted of specialized studies. Including soil Investigations, climatology, economic, social and legal studies, deter mination of planning standards  for residential, industrial and centre areas, and for the urban, architectural and landscape design; engineering studies, including transportation, traffic, road design, water supply, sewerage, power supply and telecommunications
RENDERED BY
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
Population growth Is  dependent on the supply  of employ ment opportunities  and the provision of housing; very rapid growth Is  possible but not feasible. Alternative population projections have been prepared.
Assumptions  on wages  and value added for different sectors  form the basis  for estimates  of total income generated in the city. Possible restrictions  include the socioeconomic  feasibility  of the public  Investment pro gramme and of different types  of industry, the financial, construction and organizational capacities, as  well as the preferences of the migrants.
Employment    in    the    service    sector    is    expected    to    account for about half the total employment opportunities The
Client; Ministry of Housing and Reconstruction. Egypt.
Total investment, estimate. USD 3.000 M
Services      rendered      1975-1976.      Master      Plan      1977-1978, Development Plan
VBB • BECO • KM                         MEMBERS OF SWB^O?
service sector is  seen as  being very  important tor economic  development, for employment and for In dustry  Services  are expected to lag behind unless special measures  are taken A high percentage of un- skilled labour is  expected. which calls  tor training pro grammes. Expansion within the modern sector alone Is not expected to solve the urban employment problem, which Implies that an Informal subsector in industry and services  will develop. This  should be given maximum support
industrial development following a mixed, balanced strategy Incorporating the whole spectrum ol production methods  —  modern, Intermediate and informal —  is necessary  in order to attain the basic  objectives  of growth, industrialization and employment. A predominance of light and medium engineering industry is  expected The importance ol an active industrializ ation policy lor the city has been emphasized
PHYSICAL PLANNING
Population growth indicates the need
term strategic plan, within which a fPa a ,lexlb|R , menl stage is Incorporated a diverse®,lr”
structure should be achieved by cmwi eniPlovZ?B' ferent kinds ol Industry and services ar®as 'or come levels. Including self-help houslnn'JSI,10 ’°r an i
3  Sh°ul« be " eluded implications of considering '
aspects are exemplified The necessity“of h"',r°
' «niai
nn
ble and adaptable urban structure is stron i lna a (|exl ed
O'* ertlPha ^
a
For regional road transportation, the recemi
Cairo-lsmailia desert road will serve as  Cairn- widened with the Suez  Canal region For railway  transS rna^Or,’nk is  foreseen that a new main line connecting P°f,ahon'11 present Cairo-Suez  railway  to the west and FaPJ?? ,he
East will be constructed.
Factories dependent on railway transport and re larger protection zones to the residential areas'0''8 located in the south, whereas those requiring snian'6 protection zones are located closer to fhe residen
y 0 'n lhe
areas in order to minimize distances between home and
work. Factories which do not disturb the surroundings 
can tor the most part be integrated with the resident^
areas
The residential areas, consisting of communities  of thir
Percentage allocation ot investment costs
investments  have been estimated and compared with capital constraints  The resources  constraint may  easily become critical and must serve as the basis tor the plan ning.
In an economic  evaluation potential, new contributions to the national income are related to the total costs  of urban facilities  and employment The results  ol the economic  analysis  are summarized in a list of ways  of improving the economic  justification. Important recom mendations  are that acute cost awareness  will be necessary  and that housing subsidies  should be minimized
To ensure that social aspects are taken care ol. a social development programme is  suggested Important lune tions. such as  employment, housing, and education, are discussed and programmes  lor social studies, monitor ing and evaluation are proposed
ty to forty thousand inhabitants, are r
supporting from the point o1 view o’
lacilities and thereby provide the major
ment opportunities The densities reo
lhe  greater  majority  of  the  housing  to  L one- and two-storey buildings
A road transport system has been devc
the  plan,  adapted  to  the  relatively  limit© cars and characterised by a high degree c
The  urban  rapid  transit  system,  with  its  ov can initially be operated with buses, ano
•re or less seif- ormal service 'I the employ-
ended allow
■» the form of
d as part of
se ol private
raffic safety
right-of-way.
n the future
possibly with trams, supplemented with direct bus con
nections to lhe industrial areas in the south A system o pedestrian and cycle ways covering the whole city »s 
also proposed
Systems  lor  energy  supply,  water  supply,  sewerage,  and solid wastes disposal are outlined.
The first stage of the city’s development is elaboral $ a Development Plan and incorporates lour comma * two adjoining industrial areas and an industna |(J south of the desert road Parts of the central area
also be developed in the first stage
have
Investment   costs   for   the   first   stage   of   ^eve*°*?fne?osi5 been estimated based on relatively low housing
The task ol undertaking lhe building of a large ne requires such all-embrasing organization jrri. managerial efforts that a special organization . the piementation will have to be created to ensur
work   progresses   according   to   plan.   The   ,un^ quirements of such an organization are outline
re .
zCONCEPT MASTER PlfcN
ALSIKE NEW TOWN, SWEDEN
’n 1989 SWECO was invited by Alsike Real Estate Co to
tnepare a concept Master Plan lor a new town at Alsike. Alsike
private services as well as ether srr.allscale workp’aces a.*e
Estate Co has been formed by the City of Uppsala
proposed to be fully integrated within the bous>ng areas 
together with MSB Uppsala, a cooperative real estate com-
Measures to establish an attractive character at ar. early stage
pary and Construction and Real Estate Co, with the pur
are identified
pose of assuming the leading role in developing the new town
Public transport is proposed to comprise a bus line passing
A,s,te   is   a   small   village   with   some   200   inhabitants 
s 'ockh(Sm haU °n lhe ma,n rai,way,ine between Uppsala and
Swederv  10 km south of the city  centre of Uppsala,
^elopea
i ?nh    largesl    c‘ty   H   'S   intended   that   Alsike   shall   be
30jOoo inhabit3 t0Wn an evenlua* population of some
^withservk'H S Jhe new ,own ‘s Planned to be Mty  sup~ ,m ®9rate<j in the h Empl°yment will, in addition to workplaces lc *m m ousmg areas, also be found north of the new
n
through the new town, with connections to the ra-iway stat-on and to the employment area and further south The road net work is designed with the purpose of minimizing noise rtis turbance, while at the same time providing ease of access Proposals for utility networks are also nduded
'"  &as   apjoiHiH
ar
sma”w-sca <tklteaarenrdt fa.rTi apnnas|S‘s
‘ n   an    ^Ptoyment   area  to  the  southeast,  and * ^the SOu?hSlOCkho,m’s International Airport and forth-
emphas,s        is        put        on        the        new
" ,r"eraa with it,! d a,rlv CA
"'--------------------------- —J.
Pl j
and ,hal •’
I countryside. Public and
Cl,ent: Alsike Real Estate Company
Services rendered Master Plan for the new town detailed youts for the central part and a housing area, perspectives. r oject Report, incl descriptions o* main concepts and
^youts, traffic analysis, main infrastructure, cost estimates and concepts of implementation.
'-e
/'
SWftP
SERVICES RENDERED BY VBBJ k-
*-«w St
- 4*02 from the  ort^
n
w^r
housing on both sides. The Entrance area is m the
i IWIi'I 11
the Grand Mosque. me w*
Tn? Academ/c * e r inference Centre and me Central AdministrationMUFin
D|
MlLLT0*NSH|p TAnZANIA
s e Total
e township is intended io accommodate the employ ees of the new pulp and paper mill at Mulindi. It is situated near the mill on three hills, the lower slopes of which are reserved 'or cultivation by the inhabitants (“shambas”).
In addition to serviced building plots, the plan provides for the construction of 630 oungalows In the first stage of the project. These comprise seven types of various sizes designed for low-cost production and to aiicw ex tensions to De made by the occupants themselves
The project includes the provision of electrical po*tr waler supply and sewerage system and the paving of principal roads.
Drawings are produced on VBB s computer-aided design equipment
Population basis: 5,000 inhabitants
Site area: 3 kmJ
Building area. 70.000 m2
Client: National Development Corporation c >anza investment, 1982 1983 USD 45 M.
Services rendered.
'^ral1’^Xstru^e-
ning, detailed design of buildin
gs 
|at oft
,  .in
tender  documents  and  supervision  o  i^iem co-operation with TANCONSULT. DaresSalaa
Re nderedby         VBB
c\MfO
BECO • THEORELLS MEMBERS OFd.
$n 'MbaneWtown
LIBERIA
The mining town of Yekepa was  founded following the discovery  of deposits  of 300 million tons  of iron ore in the Nimba massif in 1955.
The town is  situated in formerly  uninhabited virgin forest on a rock  slope in the Nimba mountain range bordering Guinea
Yekepa is  planned for mining employees  with accom modation for additional personnel in service estab lishments  and has  at present a population of about 10.000 inhabitants  The dwellings  consist of one- and two-family houses
The public  buildings  include commercial, cultural and adminstration centres, schools  and recreation areas  and the main LAMCO office
(LX^MCO)6 ^'^er'an’Amer,can^we^'sn Mineral Company
Construction completed: 1973
Services rendered. Master planning, detailed planning. Design of roads, power supply, water supply and sewerage. Design of houses, office blocks, centres  ar.d schools.
BY VBB • 8ECO                         MEMBERS OF SWfcPNAIROBI SEWERAGE ANO GROUNDWATER SURVEY
KE NY A
■ .in
i.h and Groundwater Survoy perform-
nivv.,^^’.T~*i of existing sewers show *>wr ,be?s % an investgations
appreciable infiltration of snaAcw jrxrewce r~j
The amcum ct •«** tr*irng *w
The Nairobi -
ed by
Sxiwe^aqo Ma*,
studies on orqwn
p tho period 1972—75 comprised a Plan, a Groundwater Survey as well as 
existing sewers sewers has been
a nas uwan estimated and
for improving the situate n SWECO s -seer* *>
------ vn v.. w. . Cion, management, finance, leglsla*
lion,
Hon. i
solid    watuo    .    and    existing    water    and    sewage    treat
ment plants Duel descriptions of Iho work carried out
are given below
SEWERAGE MASTER PLAN
made L
Nitration Into Sewers
A partly  separate system is  reccmmecded tv  <w;
new areas in Nairobi The existing
umv
systems in the City Centre sncUd be MJ*cee
Studies   of   the   oxygen   situation   n   me   -seeing   eater*   « various flows snow that the present t/fiutns ssrsxrt *
„^mmo tor the ’
20 mgjl BOO* will have to be 7*^
ss t
The Master Plan Is  a long range PJ®®1® nMwOrk  fo»
development of a sewerage ancTdra'™® -^failon of Greater Nairobi up to the year M°0 when pop Qn corn. 2.9 million Is  forecast. The Masteir P,a &®’ ,eCtwlCal
it    tne    oxygen    level    In    the    'W    tytaxm*    »    «    io    tM
below the stream surdard *cr me
However, instead of rcreaa.rg me
asa
recommended    that    a    cnme»natcr    of    traaffrrwnt    «*d    r
* e
prehenslve surveys and several spe
studies. The main shortcomings ol
sewerage and drainage system are lack o • capacity and heavy pollution of the Nairobi »v tributaries by domestic and Industrial wastes an sewage An Immediate programme which comp emergency and urgent works tor the Immedia e u would require expenditures o! about 26 million e y shillings (KShs) (about U.S. SAmWUon).
le  A
A1 istlna
* »rnent
rlgatlon be gradually .rtrbduced.
Different treatmer! methods are
model for environmertju centra -s -tazuexad T a pr> do sec that secondary treatment *e car* we eV * •*** stabilisation ponds. Pvt<i.ur arerrxr u r-e ***^ „
of and design cneena » tuch perds « 9** * SWECO s recon "Wash* Suerfcaw Pon*
srd a
The utitaetwnct
beec the i^ed «< a
met^ee M» cr=c
feesibdity
ter
/ «*>•
Studies and investigations ol the water distribution system indicate that losses through leakage are not e< cessively high and have clarified their contribution to sewerage system. Reference is made to SWECO s repo
teakage ol the Water Distribution System".
**"»* *»**«*» *f<-
**• ** • •*
vl  SEBv.ces«NO€«oe’''ee ' ’*
u£ vet«c’’
S'McPv«r?* ’
r
•uf/f
600 WO WO
1000 Pollulion (fOm
"Hluent. m k
g
bo^00
°' XS*’ Comaxin in Naiwbi tn<jAlhi
0' channrts  for stormwater dr,S * ame,er pipes Cischarce cawcitv  Tf ^°e ut 001 heeded The lows  from fully  developed 7r?aT?Ul<1 * su,,'clenl lor Cramme |s reconSdS far " ? ’u,ure A *<>• ^ntenance of the rivers  The estS" 22 *n<3 proper «« of the entire sewerage priSm* COn,,ruc’>on
on of more attention to personnel mar n ng. These questions are presented i;
0
report "Establishment Situation . GROUNDWATER SURVEY
:gement   and   trai a special SWECO
h   been °u'”''ed This has been the subject ot prelim  ”
11     was   felt   essential   to   evaluate   the   potential   of   ground wa   er   as   a   supplementary   source   of   supply   to   the   exis- «?Miu'Jr^Ce     wa,er     supply    in    order    to    investigate    the    pos 
y   °f   bringing   about   a   considerable   reduction   in   in* vestment.    Thus,    a    hydrogeological    survey,    including    ex-
enslve studies, groundwater Investigations  and dd’*
r «**ilty studies l^esi m^ *fyen<’,r
’®*ln and
O
ngs,
has  been  carried  out  and  Is  presented  In  SWECO  s 
•tKKit KShs 120 mllftoT ~ ? ^’’^'lon C0St I, Reference is made to SV/fca-*1*014 U S Sl? minion ^'orS—aceSn^" Flrsl Stage'S:
*N0 LMBU1X)SANAQEMEKT' FIH***CE
report "Groundwater Survey”.
SOLID WASTES
^ as a,so been made to evaluate existing
9 refuse collection, transportation, disposa aoni$.
ommend immediate and long-range improve^ ,
^erence is made to SWECO’s report "Solid Wa®«*e
estimated cost for the recommended
mil^Q *emen,s <s ^ul KShs 9 million or about U
nnn?h     acting     as     executing     agency     for     UNO?     85
t no,he Government of Kenya.
<1.2
e
"XX r'"X"z„s
anX^ rendered: Appraisal of the existing ^jvias 
te/puT? dra‘naoe facilities  of the City  of Na,'oPre||(n’*
narv  Anm°r 3 phaaed development program^; P d|e$
on7eak» nee:dno and feas|blNty studies,
Ponds hu nfntrat<°n Into sewers, waste st orga n, zatlonU *at,Of1 ° sewage effluent for irrlga ' gro-
a  jfgallon
r
s 'he devoii.
un dwaiAran<J mana9ementf finance and legfs 
0eSm7?PFy’ S0,,d *asIes« axls,,n® Wflt0f
nt Plants; training of local staff.ABHA METROPOLITAN AREA
SAUDI ARABIA
a
The establishment of department in Abha is
__ ^.cioniKy cape
a planning and development
.9 part of a nation wide effort to
development plans VBB
strengthen planning capacity in Saudi Arabia, related to
develoomAni —   ^2’s services are being carried out
t4
by  a  permanent  team  i experts.
n Abha, supplemented by visiting
The services included preparation of metropolitan area, collection and ana y data,      coordination      o1      physical preparation of implementation plans, actio
plan n
the
^"planning nroiects.
. ‘      9_rea          plans, plans
Area: The towns of Abha and Knam»$-Vushavt arc re s-f rounding rural districts covering an area of ever 1.900 Population: Approximately 160.000m 1978
The   commission   has   been   earned   out   in   joint   venture with Scan Plan and Arch Center
cultural area plans and the transference o .ornonta- from the planning stage to the design and imp  «
be
hon stages. Establishment of a planning office cap ol undertaking the planning process related to n development plans on a continuous basis, includi 9 coordination system to carry out efficiently planni
Programming, budgeting and execution of P °l®
r
cls ’
ogether with the administrative and organizationa s 
U P necessary Assistance and advice on ad-hoc matters
Client: Ministry of Municipal and rural Affairs. R.-yadn
Services  rendered. 197M982 Development studies. Sociological , economic, land use and traffic  surveys forecasts, land use plans, infrastructure and read plans, detailed plans, cost and technology assessments
SERVICES RENDERED BY VBB
MEMBER OF SV.’ECO
SWfcOJVESTMENT
STUDIES FOR MASERU WATER SUPPLY
b,U
LESOTHO
<.»
If -•!
rEPU0L'C
SOUTH AF*'CA
LESOTHO
M AO AL'* a
/
Co.'edon
Alternative    water    sources    for    Maseru    and    Master    Plan    for Distribution Network in the year 2000 Alternative 1
Maseru is the capital of Lesotho with a present popula tion ol approx. 25.000 (1975) and a predicted future < population of 110,000 in the year 2000. It is assumed that the water demand will increase from 1.46 to 12.0 Mm  per year during the period 1975—2000.
Pre-lnvestment Studies for Maseru Water Supply were
Master     plans     were     prepared     lor     '^^^‘and     service
(f>
3
distribution system reservoirs required up to scheme in Alternative
2000 The proceed
b ure
C
were
*"
a
ied °ul by SWECO during 1975—1976 and comprise ater Supply and a Management Study.
^ater SUPPLY STUDY
C ^7o< training ollheS’^X
DosaMler
Study contains both an outline pro
management stuoy
The Management
power situation and ’^"^^ing
the
area, u 3 ,0nQ‘term programme for developing the ana Dr«i^rU water supply system up to the year 2000, studies to nary er,9ine€r‘n9 design and feasibility 
1 975—ig$5 Short term requirements for the period
administrative ,nstru2!2 s the present
nl
„
tor necessary 
’°
Judies were r . sources     |or        th
unl<
-B*«
carr e
’ ^     out     on     twelve     possible     water
Client: The African Developm
*ater reSQrvo® uture Maseru Supply. Some of the raw ’‘Qure FOur . a‘les Judies  are shown on the above ° Va|uated further * a,ternal‘ves were investigated and
ment of Lesotho.
studies °n *3,e<
I      Services 
ondpred' Pre-investment
rendered,      n
supply and management.
RENOEREO BY VBB » MEMBERS OF 9*^
SERVICESI
?
I
IHYLLIE WATER TOWER, MALMO
SWEDEN
In late 1965. MalmO Town Council announced an open competition lor design proposals  lor a water tower at Hyllie The competition attracted 134 entries, and KMs proposal was awarded first prize.
In 1969 KM was  retained to carry  out the detailed design ol the tower. The construction work  was  started in June
1970. and completed in 1973.
The tower reservoir has  an external diameter of 52 m. and a capacity  of 10 000 m3. Il is  supported by  four. 30-m high columns  founded on a 32-m square slab. The co lumns  are hollow, with an Internal diameter ol 2.5 m, and contain a lift, stairs, and all piping.
The valve chamber is located beneath the reservoir an above the reservoir is an enclosed observation p at orm. The lift machinery, fan room, etc, are located in rooms on top of the observation platform
Client. Local Authorities.
Services rendered: Architectural and structural design, tender documents, general supervision.
The reservoir form*?*. ce'oreconcrete
e^d hft.-eg
SERVICES RENOERED BY KM MEMBER Of  SW^OJdistribution project
KUWAIT WATER
I
Kuwait Tower and the City Ot Kuwait.
I
r.   dual   distribution   system   lor   fresh   and   brackish   water las   been   constructed   for   the   city   of   Kuwait   and   neigh bouring   villages   The   main   parts   of   ine   distribution   sys tem   are   primary   mains,   storage   reservoirs,   treatment   faci lities.   pumplrg   stations   and   a   control   system.   The   project comprises   the   distribution   of   fresh   waler   from   two   distil lation  plants  and  one  ground  waler  field  and  the  distribu tion of brackish water from two ground water fields.
The  system  has  been  designed  for  an  ultimate  popula tion  ot  1,100,000.  a  fresh  water  consumption  of  450.000  m‘
per day  and a brackish waler consumption of 430.000 m1
per day. The first construction stage covers  an estimated
aerodynamic   testing   in   a   wind   tunnel   and   pile   testing,   to ensure the stability of the Tower
For    the    Stage    II    extension    of    the    water    distribution systems   VBB   has   reviewed   the   future   fresh   and   brackisn water  requirements.   It   is  expected   that   tn  the   year  2000.  a distribution   of   1.340.000   m‘   per   day   of   fresh   water   and 800,000   m’   per   day   of   brackish   water   will   be   required   to cover   the   demand   of   an   eipected   population   of   2   000.000 within the metropolitan area of Kuwait
A   separate   study   has   been   made   on   how   to   maintain
distribution of fresh water during emergency  conditions,
resulting In an emergencies  countermeasures  program
I
population   ot   750,000   and   comprises   about   500   km   of
me   and   a   computerized   mathematical   model
of
the   water
primary  mains  of  400-1,200  mm  In  diameter,  6  new  pump
distribution system with built-in rationing features
ing   stations,   the   modification   o!   2   existing   pumping   sta
tions.  31  water  towers  with  a  total  capacity  of  93.000  m’.
8  ground  level  reservoirs  with  a  total  capacity  of  138,000
m’ and an extensive control system.
Client: The Ministry of Electricity and Water, Kuwait
The   project   also   Includes   the   Kuwait   Tower,   a   lower
Total Investment. 1969-1976. USD 100 M
group  located  in  Kuwait  City  on  the  shore  of  the  Arabian
Gulf The Tower, a combined water and restaurant facility, comprises  three tower units, the tallest rising to a height of 185 m above sea level. Two of the units  support elevated reservoirs  each with a volume of 4,500 m*. Located above the reservoir in the main tower are a restaurant and ban queting hall as  well as  an Indoor garden. Further up the tower, at the height of 120 m above ground level, there Is a viewing terrace and a revolving cat*.
The complexity ol the Tower structure has meant that special tests have had Io be carried out. such as
Services  rendered. 1966-1976. Project report, tender docu ments. construction drawings  for civil, mechanical and electrical works, architectural design and supervision
1978-1963: Project report —  Stage II. project report on emergency  fresh waler distribution with mathecnat.'ca’ mocel
The   architectural   design   for   the   Kuwait   Tower   was   carried out m co-operation with Bjbm & B;Om Design, Stockholm
SERV|CE^ENOEREO BY VBB • THEORELLS • BECO MEMBERS OF SWEj^O
1984 DJ: seshuaiba
EXISTING DISTILLATION plan
T
OOSING ANO
•LENDING plant
m servo*
WATER SYSTEM FRESH
PUMPING STATION
CONTROt-
building
t  Ti
1
pumping station
LOW  LEVEL
RESERVOIR
BRACKISH WATER SYSTEM
•Util*
-*>x —
Flow diagram for fresh and bract i$b water.
m *achSCANIA WATER SUPPLY
SWEDEN
Purification plant at Stehag
ie province of Scania (Shine) In lhe tar south o
veden Is one of the most densely populated pads o
■> country Until 1948. water supply was Based on local
jund waler sources but since this dale lhe towns or
UmO and Lund have been supplied with waler from
Vombs|0n.
ke rinqsjOn project
the  early  sixties.  Helsingborg.  Landskrona  and  EslOv 
.♦re  forced  to  develop  a  new  water  source  and  In  1963 ne  first  stage  of  the  Lake  RlngsjOn  project  was  started
.nd  has  since  been  extended  In  1972  and  1975.  Raw water  Is  drawn  from  Lake  Rlngs|On,  which  is  regulated  to meet   the   requirements   for   water   supply,   hydro-electric power,   agriculture,   fishing   and  recreation.  The  water  is pumped  to  a  waler  treatment  plant  at  Stehag,  see  photo above,     where     it     undergoes     chemical     coagulation, lamellae   sedimentation,   rapid   sand   filtration,   slow   sand filtration,        microstraining,        chlorination        and        pH- adjuslmeni   Th©  capacity   of   (he  plant  Is  100.000  m’/d. Water  Is  stored  In  a  low  level  reservoir  and  distributed  to the  municipalities  of  EslOv,  Landskrona  and  Helsingborg through two main lines which have a diameter of 0.9 m at Stehag  and  a  total  length  of  72  km.  The  water  is  fed  by gravity  when  the  consumption  rate  is  less  than  70,000 m /d. and by pumping at higher consumption rates.
Client:    The    municipalities    of    EslOv.    Landskrona    and Helsingborg
Total investment, i960 • 1963: USD 7 M.
1972- 1975: USD 13 M
Services  rendered. 1955 1975: Project report on Lake RingssjOn project, detail design, tender documents, con struction drawings  for civil. mechanical and electrical works, architectural design and general supervision of pumping station at Lake RingsjOn. treatment plant at Stehag, transmission lines, waler tower in Helsingborg (7,000 m ).
LAKE BOLMEN PROJECT
J
II  is  expected  that  lakes  Vombsjdo  and  Rmgs-on  will  be able  to  meet  the  demand  for  water  in  Scania  until  lhe  end of   the   eighties   by   which   time,   an   additional   source   will have  to  be  developed  After  extensive  studies  it  has  been decided   that   Lake   Boimen   should   be   utilized   A3   Sydvat- ten.    which    has    been    created    for    the    planning    and
development    of    this    water    source    is    owned    by    12
municipalities   In   Scania   and   others   may   jo«n   at   a   laier date
The Lake Boimen project includes  an 30 km rock  tunnel which conveys  water by  gravity  from Lake Boimen io lhe non hern part of Scania and has  a capacity  of 6 m*ta, (see profile), a storage reservoir and a water pumping nation at lhe outlet from lhe tunnel A transmission line system Is  also Included At present (19801, a 22 km. 1.4 m d»a. transmission line, has  been constructed to connect lhe Lake VombsjOn and Lake Ringsjdn protects  Construc tion of lhe tunnel is under way.
Client: AB Sydvatten.
Total investment: USO 145 M. (estimate 1981L
Services rendered. 1966 1981 Project reports. In cluding evaluation of alternative water sources and water works, hydraulic design of tunnel, design and tender documents for transmission lines
1
SERVICES RENDEREO BY    VBB • BECO              MEMBERS OF SW^O<0
1’ s '
KAfcM3**rilM
IW KH Vf ft r«X>rcr
fl
C"XO*tM MAGE*!
i
*4*
.,<
I
Map of Scania
ft
* k” Lake Bolmen Tunnel
IGROUNDWATER RESOURCES
LA PALOMA
URUGUAY
La Paloma suffers  of insufficient water supply  since a number of years. As  thero aro plans  to develop the area, one necessary  condition to be fulfilled prior to a general development is  an enlargement of the supply system
Implementation of a new water supply  system to cope with the long term demand will consume considerable time at a high cost Therefore, the plan of operation for this  study  includes  short term measures  for up grading the existing system as  well as  long term measures  to identify  new sites  for boreholes  and. if necessary, increase the natural recharge of ground water. The study has been divided into three phases.
1   Up-grading of existing system
2   Siting of additional wells
3      Identifying   necessity   and   potential   for   artificial   re charge
The overall objectives of the project are:
•    to    identify    and    evaluate    groundwater    resources    in the surroundings of La Paloma
•  to  introduce  a  methodology  for  ground  water  ex ploration used in Sweden to OSE personnel
The training component is very essential m the project and mainly concentrated to on-me-fob training Six persons from OSE’s Groundwater Division are apoomt ed to take an active pan m the implementation of the project and to be responsible for different activities during the study.
An exploration drilling ng and other equipment pro cured within rhe project would enable the introduction of new ground water investigation techniques and in crease the transfer of technology.
Client:         Admmstracion de las Obras Sanitaria* del Estado (OSE). Uruguay
Financing.  The  Swedish  Board  for  Investment  and Technical Suppoa. BITS
Services rendered Pre-feasibility Study Feasibility Study
Onflrng
Training
SERVICES RENDERED BY VB8 VIAK PARTNER OF SWEqO’KV.»
SUMMARY OF PROJECTS
VCM»A
W5
Water Su^t'r I
S Sewerage
SO Sw^ralter '
Dramage
Population
5«wd
Yea? 2Ci tO <M30M>
Pipelines
> 300 rvru 1
<300 mrr»
length km
Pumping
Sllliont
Mumpers/
Capacty
No/m'/h
Raaarvoira
Towe'S/
Ground
Volume m’
Wastewater
Trial men I
Plant*
Population
Served
Sarrica* Yea'
S Study D Oota-
4 ptei C<* • ad De* *0
I
1 Al
’•*'                ws
ws 20 000 855
V/S 7000 845
25000 I       20*135             1/1300 I   800/15 000
2 Hcta! Bar. Tarreem, Central
5 Al Hrtea Central 4 Al Har.q Central 5 lav* Centra*
1/1000 I   80000 000
1/1000      400/5 000
1/1 000    400/10 000
ft nd Tendtf'
Document*
1900 B1 S
1980 0' S
1
ws
7 At Khamasin Central              ws                 42 000             7/23               1/2 600   1 300/14 000
$*so              42 000            18-40             107 925            —                       42 000
6 Al SulAyil Central                ws                 10 000            5/20
ws                 23 000             8-30               VI 200      500/14 000
10 00C             700
1600       500/7 000
A Ja’.aei Central
9 Al Hassi Villages Eastern
S*SD                         12 000             7/60               5/1 770
16 000
.78
250 000          100-390                —       1 —(50 000
10 At*Knooa'. GcMSen            ws                 32 000            12/47          1 ____       1 _____
Bat? Eastern
It Darman A Ai-Kncoar
SeSD
i SewageTreat ,   rent   Plants, i Extensions
WS
32 000            11/43 5+1
02 000 11000        I 4/23
—
;-
—
Eastern
12 AlOoayr
Eastern
t3 Dammam S Al Khobar
1 s*so               11000             4/27               7/1 875
-
__
_,
—
37OOOO 320 000
— 11 000
1 840000              28*240
Pro OCt V8 m association With Waf Tiber Consulting Engineers & Architects and Norconsult A/S Prcjec: 9 tn association with Talat Taher Consulting Engineers 4 Architectsr 'yadh wastewater conveyance PROject M
S4U0I ARABIA
The  remaining  four  pumps  ccrvCf  X
-CO  -sj?  tx*
Doses   °9    ,he    arnOunt   of   water   a   3°lv(n0   'he   problem   ol
‘nc ea« '
(
ZT',"*" a"° •'•■"««> a ere',,uentisamLnl '?’S 'yP®‘ ,he rouse °'
to  Dariyati  The  total  read  is  24C-  m  a
nd  the  r.f  ’*<
•n 1970
. VAn
agitable lor various Pur
,
,he ^aiof n S,ew,a’er pro<juctriUu y'nCfOaS,nSaniou t
n
,he '4° ed ' °' ,he Ce em ' *as dec,c1^ !o
y?y° saa:
'esnS^«'onhbnWaSsy'SewarerOn|^7rne 1 Pump,na s'anon
^sP^’^thVp 'aC^e°'B<h?pad 3nd ^"yah^areas a Q? ’ °l the Pu PUrnp Poncl tn thn?P'n° s!a,,on '» shown
•S an051 a IO(a??PS Co^ey ^n ^O'e^ °^a
r
is Sh *l'n and ILtaa ol 2flo m °T^°1'n Vd ol WA,e',o Dirab
01 ,feX ' e uses <°' the or,rt .iJdV ,he  '^snTtss.on
0 '5an
o pos
U        e tndV,//ad
'®  R'yad h to !
rC
S    n U °y 'he Mlms,ry o>
line 35 km with a diameter cf XC mm
The volume of the rump pend s abdut £-O- • *•'-*
the pumping u controlled 5y the onar • max
in the pond so that ail incoming a»*r s’
>
the recmsire rurreer cf pumps
Client Ministry cf
Total m^esirrent, :9?9 —
4a-'acu
r
Transmission. Ines and pu«T‘^; r-*' - *
~v
Treatment plant. USD 35 V
Distribution system lASO-UV
Drainage system UStf ' V
°*n over eV
ani8,ef ' Ooo m °'a' ,en°,h °',he l,ne
Services rendered.
t^t
.-.v-'-e V?
®'
a
• W° '^rn AP'of.leofthet.ne
civil.  rrechar  <af  a<M  e  e<r  cr  «cos  tender  w  a*  o- and contract rv$et»aticn$
_
C6S RENDERED by VBB • 8ECO • THEOSELLS
VEVSEASO* SWftO
*Gantry-crane
n f.
X
Pump pond
Section through the Riyadh wastewater pumping station
Outgoing _
1
J
Ground profile
Pressure i«e. water hammer leisure line, normal
■            Prnwe control stat,on
Pron/f 0/ the D,rab line
0
ISOHO WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN LAHORE
PAKISTAN
.IT
SWECO conducted in 1993-94 a compfohonsivo Solid
M   tf0’
Wasta Management Study on Behalf of MCL, tho  ®
poiitan Corporation of tahoro The study Include a
parts of the solid wa9te system.
Organisation
MCL’s  mam task  <s  solid waste management. This  duty 
•s   handled   by   two   departments,   the   Sanitary   Division and the Solid Waste Department.
•      The  Sanitary  Division  Is  responsible  for  the  manual street sweeping and cleaning of the city.
•     The  Solid  Waste  Department  Is  responsible  for  door- to-door  collection  and  emptying  o!  containers  in  the city by compacting vehicles.
To facilitate Interaction SWECO has prepared a prop to merge the organisations.
Coiection and transport
Woste Treatment Plant
A  modem  waste  treatment  pur:  •'as  cee-*  deigned  «  5" reception,   weigh   bridge,   workarcp.   a   Wat   staff   rocm.i
and appropriate environmental protacTcn
eg
lining,    flood    protection    dykes,    cofiectcr    jtrc    ^tsr>er: systems lor Undt'O gas and leachate
The waste is  disposed m energy  cete w th cctm^cd gas extraction and recuculared toacnate The got -s  e< tracted via a gas  pumping sraton and utAcec  Mr
trlcity  generation and the eMctnory  si *chi ra tjm na tonal grid The decompctiter. tme a estma^d to three years, whereafter the wane a excavated and screening into a compos: fracton and a screened feet which will be used as f JI material
Financing
The investments  at me Waste Treasnent Rant wJ> ce financed by  GEF. the G'cbai Erv-zcnmcrrar Fac*?/. r= promote reduction of the /react horn the mer’are go*
Reuse and recycling of material is the mam s0^ *
c
1
income for thousands of inhabitants in Lahore, a • 
metals, glass, paper etc is efficiently recovered ro
waste, from the source through collection and trans 
to the final disposal sites. This recycling m3kcs '
vraste composition al disposal to subStan
different to western countries; the organic conten
h 'Qh, 50-60 %. and the waste is thus suitable
biological degradation
ECO has proposed a new collection and transport system to be successively introduced when the veNdesS^-_
on the atmosphere
Csent:          Metrop
Swedish
uarcre. Fa*/
FLOCS’.
BITS
tor
F«A»t^tv SsudV
OMil
n ow m use are
|^
a  en * of Operahq».
—
*X 4 SERWCCSRENOEKOBYvaSVlAK
PARTNER OF SWEcO1
ft
rSOLID
WASTES
management
KUWAIT
•*.© middle of the 18th century, the State of Kuwait was 
• dbiished under its first Amir, Sabah the First. In the D's oil was discovered and when commercial
jmenls started after World War 2, the economic *uation in Kuwait changed dramatically As a result
iere was social and technical development on a scale jnreard of before as well as an enormous increase in the
□opulation In the space of a few years, the ancient desert town of Kuwait was transformed into a modern cl
The    population
within
the    area
under    study    was    1.2
million,  and  is 
expected
to  increa
se  to  1.8  million  in  the
year 2000
Collection     of
domestic 
wastes 
is     carried     out     daily 
ty
The rapid growth of Kuwait has  pul a severe strain on all the authorities  responsible for the public  services, in clJding those responsible for collection, transport and disposal o* solid wastes, which are important tasks  in a modern society
In 1978. the Municipality  of Kuwait commissioned VBB to carry  out a study  of the Municipality's  cleansing utilities, with the aim of evaluating the present situation and suggesting necessary  modifications  or an alter native system. The Final Report was  submitted in April 1979 Those parts  relating to organization and manage ment have been prepared by  FA. Foretagsadmlnisfration AB.
REVIEW OF EXISTING SITUATION
The Cleansing Department of the Municipality of Kuwait
is responsible for the collection transport and disposal
ol the major part of wastes of domestic and commercial
origin generated within the City of Kuwait Industrial and
other major enterprises must utilize contractors or make
their own arrangements for waste disposal.
Due to high per capita income and a large import of con sumables, the generation of waste is  high in Kuwait. In 1979. the Municipality  collected about 1.500 tonnes/day and other other private waste collection forms  about 500
tonnes/day.
.
Plastic  bags  for refuse disposal have been introduced, which has  Improved the general cleanliness  of the City considerably  The Cleansing Department is  also respon sible for street cleansing, removal of abandoned vehicles and other bulky wastes and (he operation of the
dumping sites.
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS
The   Report   contains   proposals   for   immediate   and   short term    technical    improvements,    such    as    the    Introduction of    containers    and    container    handling    vehicles,    transfer stations,   controlled   lipping   and   an   augmented   organiza tion    and    management    of    the    Municipality's    Cleansing Department    and    Garage,    including    training    and    person nel  planning  as  well  as  proposals  for  long  term  planning One     increasingly     important     task     within     solid     waste management    is    the    recovery    for    re-use    of    valuable materials    and    a    proper    final    disposal    of    rejects.    The report   gives   a   proposal   for   a   Solid   Wastes   Reclamation Centre    that    can    be    extended    in    stages    to    provide facilities   for   fragmentation   of   scrap   cars,   Incineration   of used   oil   and   pathogenic   wastes   and   production   of   com post    The    implementation    of    the    centre    is    presently under consideration (1981).
Client: The Municipality of Kuwait, Kuwait.
Total Investment, 1980- 1981: USD 30 M (estimate!
Services    rendered,    1978    1981    Project    Report,    assist ance during implementation.
♦ Il SERVICES_________
SERVICES RENDERED BY VBB • FA MEMBERS OF SWftjO
Jii
rleachate pollution
FROM OPEN DUMPING SITE METRO MANILA
THE PHILIPPINES
Tho solid wiisto managemant situation m Metro Manila m the Phibppmoa haa boon iroublesome tar many years In recent yean tho Government has become awure of this and a number of actions have boon taken to improve the situation
Onglnally. the waslo waa dumped in many unsuitable places, like rivers and streams, without planning Later on. a collection syntum tar tho waste was introduced and dumping woiu made at about 20 silos spread out over the city However, those dum ping situs have nut boon managed in an environmentally ac ceptable way and they are polluting water and air and make the surroundings  ol the nllmi unsound Irom tho point of view ol human health
In ivuo VBH V1AK was appoinied to carry out a study with the aim to propose environmental protection measures  tor taut dump silos in Metro Manila The situs were select mt m a way (hat they would represent
•      one old dump tile about to be closed
•       one medium ope dump situ planned to be kept in opera Hon
•      two landfill sites about to be opened
The protect compos** design of suitable environment protwc lion measures  tar diltutunt stages  <H dumping site devotcp- ment Such measutws would be eg i tykes Kx surface water diversKm uteri ton layers  ol soil tat Htnrmwdu'fn and final
cover of the waste operation manuaks. closure plans introduc 
Hon of eacnato collection systems and machaie treatment
methods etc
Furthermore, In the study  an assessment of the chent s abcrarory was included as wert as the introduction of a techni
que using monitoring wefts tor control of the pollution of ground water
The proposed protection measures wh after implementation improve the environment m the wiruty of some of the dumping
sites m Metro klanita
the most important purpose o*
the study is to strengthen the stalls ol the client's staff and to set standards  ta ba used tar a better environmental management also tar other dumpmg sites «n the future Therefore, training of personnel m me Philippines as well as overseas was mctuded in th* protect
Client Environmental Management Bureau o<the Depart ment at Environment and Natural Resources. The Philippines
Financing    BITS    (The    Swedish    Agency    for    trfemahonar Technical mg Economic Cooperation)
Services rendered Pre-Study 1990 Main Study 1991-92
SERVICES RENOERED BY VEB VtAK
PARTNER of  sw^oNavigation Aids
Mozambique
\ccess channel to the Port of Maputo
Numerous  shoals  and reefs  as  well as  currents  and tidal streams make the waters outside Mozambique hazardous lo mariners A sate navigation is depending on reliable naviga tion aid systems
Over the last years the deterioration of the existing navigation aids has proceeded to an extent considerably hampering the navigation
A reliable and efficient system for cargo transports to and from Mozambican ports is a prerequisite fry the development of the whole south-east African region
In 1986, an agreement was concluded between Sweden and Mozambique on the rehabilitation of the navigation aid system The works were planned to be implemented m three phases:
•    navigation aids comprising light- structures and light-buoys in the three regional pons of Maputo. Beira and Nacaia as well as workshop facilities for the maintenance and repair
•   navigation aids (or the coastal traffic along thB Mozambican coast,
•    navigation aids in minor ports located in rivers and lakes SWECO were commissioned to carry out the consulting ser vices of phase one together with the National Swedish Ad ministration of Shipping and Navigation (NSASN) as sub consultant.
Client Swedish International Development Authority (SlDA).
Services  rendered  1986-1989  Project  management  field  in vestigations, design, tender documents and tender evalua tion.
lj\
SERVICES RENDERED BY VBB          MEMBER OF SW63OTRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS
NAMIBIA
W Hi Improving prospects for independence >n Namibia, the Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA) decided in 19RR to finance technical assistance for a Study on Transport and Communications for Namibia with the following purposes.
•   To   study,   agamst   the   background   of   the   Namibian economy, the existing transport and communication net work.  including  the  technical  economic,  financial  opera tional.  legal,  manpower  and  administrative  set-up.  and other related issues
• To analyse the present state of the subsectors in order to ob tain a basis for planning the efficient operation of the trans port and communication services.
•    To prepare plans for manpower requirements and to pro pose training programmes.
•    To prepare other short term priority projects to meet the needs identified in the study, suitable lor presentation for donor financing
SWECO was commissioned to carry out the study which was conducted mainly by personnel horn the partner firms, but also
with
ed fields
input from short term subconsultants covering specializ
The report was finalized in the beginning of 1990 and became official shortly  after the proclamation of independence for Namibia in March 1990
The report contains two sections T he firs! section is concern ed with an identification of the structure of the transport and communications sectors at the time of phasing out of the South African rule in Namibia, and more precisely up to the end of
1989 II also provides a background to and an identification of some of the driving ‘orces behind the current state of the art
The focus  of the second section was  on ident tying protects which are believed to be suitable *or donor assistance after in dependence
The  projects  which  are  singled  out  in  the  report  are  of  a short  to  medium  term  character.  Short-term  is  understood  to mean up to 12 months after independence, while the medium term  covers  a  3  to  5  year  period  after  independence  This distinction is used to establish priorities for the projects, short- term projects are thus recommended for implementation dur ing the immediate post independence period Their urgency is based also on a need for tackling the manpower issues which existed even before independence but which will gam momen tum  thereafter,  and  for  initiating  worx  to  review  the  need  ‘or alternative port facilities for independent Namibia
Client Swedish Internationa' Development Authority  (SIDA) on behalt o‘ Ministry of Works, Transport and Communications. Republic of Namibia
VICES RENDERED BY KM AND VBB VIAK           PARTNERS OF SW^jOr
rSATCC
SOUTHERN AFRICA TRANSPORT ANO COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
The Southern Africa Transport and Communications Commission (SATCC) was  created by  the heads  of government of majority-ruled states  in Southern Africa at Lusaka, the 1st of April. 1980. to coordinate the re habilitation and operation of existing transport and com munications  systems  and the planning and financing of additional regional systems.
In November. 1980. the four Nordic  countries, Denmark, Finland, Norway  and Sweden committed themselves  to financing the Staffing of the Technical Unit within SATCC. In November, 1981. the Swedish International Development Authority  (SIDA) signed a contract with SWECO on the staffing of the Technical Unit
The services  earned out by  the Technical Unit comprise follow-up of the progress  of financing and implementa tion of the capital improvement programme for roads, railways, ports, civil aviation and telecommunications within the region. The Technical Unit also identifies  and prepares  project description and pre-feaslbility  studies 
or new capital improvement projects
A  study  of  the  need  of  operational  co  operation  between the   member   states   has   been   made   and   proposals   on measures  to  be  taken  in  this  respect  have  been  prepared. A     comprehensive     forecast     for     the     traffic     between member    countries    will    be    carried    out    during    1983. Followup     of     feasibility     studies     and     other     studies prepared   for   SATCC   and   financed   by   external   funds made  available  to  SATCC  or  member  countries  are  a*so duties of the Technical Unit.
Client: DANIDA, FINIDA. NORAD, SI0A
Total investment, 1981 —onwards USD 2,500 M
(estimate for projects Included m SATCC Regional
Programme)
Services     rendered.     1981—ongoing:     Staffing     of     the Technical Unit of SATCC
I.6
I
ERVICES RENDERED
VBB • KM              MEMBERS OF     SWftOL
r:’
salvage of
PHARAONIC MONUMENTS
EGYPT
a
At the request of the Egyptian Antiques  Organization SWECO has  carried out a reconnaissance study  of groundwater effects  on pharaonic  monuments  A gene ral review of the causes  of deterioration to the monu ments  was  made and remedial engineering measures were proposed Four selected sites, the temples  at Aby dos, Dendera Medinet Habu and the Memnon Colossi at Luxor have been studied In particular detail The four si tes  Investigated are located between Luxor and Asyut. This  area was  the heart of ancient Egypt and gained eco nomic. religious  and political Importance during various dynastic periods
The reconnaissance study  suggests  that several factors have contributed to the ongoing deterioration of the pha raonic  monuments  An important aspect is  that the ground-water situation has  changed in the Nile valley  fol lowing construction of the High Dam and the increased irrigation of the *ieids In the vicinity of tyohef tmhoenmuomneunmtsents. di
The most apparent damage is  caused by  c’ysta'hzation of salt which gradually  breaks  up the monuments' stone surfaces  and reliefs. The transport of salt is  the result of migrating capillary  ground water and moisture from air humidity.
The main cause of stone deterioration can be controlled by  a combination of lowering the groundwater and pre venting the capillary transport of salt laden water.
V1
Client: Egyptian Antiques Organization
Services rendered. 1902—1983 Reconnaissance study, leta led design of civil engineering works.
> J SERVICES RENDERED BY VBB MEMBER OF SWE^Q
022Wel,,or^n ro
t    lofgrounctAPPROACH AND PROCEDURE
The information required for the management of natural resources, whether in connection with industrial ac tivities. to protect man or wildlife from exposure to un wanted effects, or to maintain the productivity of soli and water, is collected and analysed in environmental studies Such studies are generally executed in three stages The first comprises data collection by means of field visits and interviews with local authorities and ex perts In the second stage, the information collected Is analysed and in the third, a synthesis or compilation is made, possibly including recommendations on manage
ment policies
Environmental     studies     are     made     for     different     purposes and    in    different    degrees    of    detail.    The    concept    of    "en vironmental    study”    is    thus    a    wide    one,    which    includes extensive     areal     surveys     as     well     as     detailed     Investiga lions     of     specific     problems     SWECO     has     facilities     for both      types      of      study,      photogrammetry      equipment      for mapping        and        area        determinations,        computers        for classification     of     satellite     images,     and     laboratories     for soil    and    water    analyses,    analysis    of    toxic    substances    In
organisms, etc
It Is usual that studies are made In order to obtain the in formation necessary for prediction of the consequences of certain actions, e g the budding of a large infustrla
plant or power station Such studies form the basis for an environmental Impact assessment, and are normally carried out at an early stage of a project.
In other cases, studies are necessary to determine the state of an area after environmental damage has occur red The extent and nature of the damage has to be deter mined, and corrective measures suggested
A   third   kind   of   study   is   conducted   with   the   a«m   of   improv ing     the     means     of     exploitation     of     natural     resources.     For example,    overgrazing    of    pastures    can    be    prevented    if    the annual     production     of     fodder     is     accurately     known,     con flicting     interests     in     a     coastal     area     may     be     adjusted     on the     basis     of     biological     and     physical     characteristics;     and
so on.
The SWECO ecology group has experience from com missions In a number of countries and in different condi tions. In addition, the company has several experts work ing in fields which are closely related to environmental issues, such as hydrography, agronomy, sewage
technology and air pollution
Services offered: Strategic planning. Project studies.
Design. Implementation.
RENDERED BY VBB MEMBER OF SWftP
’9*1 M C2 23JJ
I
yTHERMAL solar
POWER PLANTS,
iea-ssps
SPAIN
iv of the solar farm an J solar tower
POWER CONVERSION
SYSTEM_____ _
heliostat
felo system]
SODIUM HEAT
transfer system
POWER
CONVERSION
SYSTEM__
lector storage system IFLOS ------------------------- ---------- -----------
niiu
STORAGE 1
TAN" r“
ST£am
MCTO0
STEAM
GENERA’
H?-
J^rtAM iTunn rit
prFHFa'
CUOUNU
TQWfP
.ofnsfa
DCS distributed collector system.
The International Energy Agency (IEAJ Is an autonomous body within the OECD The Small Solar Power Systems Project (SSPSi is part of the IEA Research and Develop ment Programme which aims to apply and demonstrate those new or improved energy technologies which offer a significant potential in contributing to the meeting of energy needs and thus help in reducing long-term depen
dency on oil.
The  principal  objective  of  the  SSPS  Project  is  to  study  in detail   the   feasibi   ity   of   using   solar   radiation   to   generate
CRS-centrjl receiver system
part in the cooperative and jointly funded SSPS Project.
Swedish participation in the project has been financi
ally supported and realized by the Swedish Board of
Energy Source Development (NE)
SWECO    has    in    this    connection    been    contracted    by    NE
in the following areas:
•  To participate in the project on a permanent basis as
supervisor and evaluator
•        To    contribute    technical    advice    to    the    project,    bringing specialists    into    the    Test    and    Operation    Advisory    Board
eiectric
r            for       possible       application       either       in
powe .
of   SSPS,
as   well   as   performing   studies   of   prime   mover
established grids or in communities whose geographical situation renders conventional techniques of electricity
supply difficult and costly
The    study    is    being    carried    out    with    two    dissimilar engineering      approaches      A      ’’solar      farm"      of      parabolic trough     collectors,     a     so-called     DISTRIBUTED     COLLECTOR SYSTEM   -'DCS),   and   a   solar   tower   consisting   of   a   field   of heliostats    and    a    tower    mounted    absorber,    known    as    a CENTRAL     RECEIVER     SYSTEM     (CBS).     are     located     adja
cent to each other on the same site
Nine of the lEA’s twenty-ore membor natiorfc are taking
and cooling options.
In    addition,    consulting    services    have    been    provided    in connection    with    the    supply    of    hardware    to    the    DCS    pro
ject by Swedish companies.
Client: National Swedish Board of Energy Source
Development.
Total investment. 1978—1984: USD 45 M
^Services rendered, 1978—1983; Project studies design
^M^mplementation
{ SERVICES RENDERED BY
f
Tv
VBB • BECO • THEORELLS MEMBERS OF
’9M 255 M.►
I
I
A.RURAL WATER SUPPLY
are described below
* e desc',‘~3 M,ow
angola
angola RURAL water supply
Client: SIDA.
o* general health conditions. The mission visited the main towns and cities as well as agricultural areas of Luanda, Huambo and Hulla
Services   rendered:   Field   surveys,   report   and   proposals. (KM)
ETHIOPIA RURAL WATER SUPPLY EVALUATION
Client: Government of Ethiopia.
ETHIOPIA
Evaluation of existing rural water supply profects in Ethiopia from technical, social and economic points of view.
Completed In 1977.
Services rendered: Study and report. VBB—AC)
BOTSWANA RURAL WATER SUPPLY BOTSWANA
Client; SIDA
Technical advice during appraisal and review missions to Botswana regarding the Rural Water Development Programme, 1971 — 1976.
Services rendered: Missions and reports (VBB)
GUINEA-BISSAU     RURAL     WATER     GUINEA-BISSAU SUPPLY
Client: SIDA.
Technical advice during appraisal mission to Guinea- Bissau in 1975 regarding the Rural Water Development Programme.
Services rendered: Mission and report (VBB)
BOTSWANA RURAL WATER SUPPLY EVALUATION
Client: SIDA.
BOTSWANA
E \a‘^at?5n of exls1ln0 WBl water supply projects
t^chni RUrBl Wa,er Devel°Prnent Programme from
hnnn ^!HCrnomJCandsocil1 ^0,nts01 v'«* Prepara-
BUBAQUE WATER SUPPLY                     GUINEA-BISSAU Client: SIDA.
An   HDPE   distribution   system   with   a   capacity   of   500   m’/d based on ground water.
Design completed in 1976.
Services rendered: Detail design, specifications. (VBB)
boreholes
Completed in 1978.
nl, 'a'e reduc"on contaminated
Services rendered: F.eld survey and report. (VBB)
JORDAN VALLEY. NORTH Client: The Jordan Valley Commission.
JORDAN
Ground     water     extraction     facilities     tor     3     springs.     Main
,o
ETHIOPIA RURAL WATER SUPPLY
Client: SIDA.
^h^i:7± S' %?p;aisrand
n
m1l7ioSUP.Klya!ineS               ’rOm              9prin0’
total length 8.8 km. Main water distribution lines to
rnaln              r«servoirs,
Programme, 1974/^ °
r
h Rural Wa,er Development
ETHIOPIA
nasion
e 7°irs       •’     new     settlement     centres,     total     length    35     8 vmr        m*,n            reservolr5             •"<«        ‘wo        distribution        reser- voirs, total capacity 26000 m*.
Completed in 1980.
ces rendered: Mission and report (VBB)
Services      rendered:      Water      resources study, design, tender documents
Study, feasibility
and supervision.
til rvJORDAN
TANMN.A R R
tl0 n     system     with®°jector       of     the     East     Bank     of ^jo^dan Valley Toi°al capacity 9,000 m’/d.
c»"’““"w“™X“X ...... ..
c
JORDAN VALLEY. SOUTH
Hsw m»» “)
U   4L Waie
X
ol» ,m 10 “w S’““,
Client: SIDA
Technical, economic and - Threeyear Rural Water
,966-1969
Parts of the study entitled T „
UPpLy
^ e,°^n Str,
a
ly Development" by on  p.„ 
e
n 'a Rur ,u,
a
S '»"■»'
c
s ‘jwrei
sion. (V0B)
dealln0 with technical and ana A»Joc ’% Technical advice during app^^T^S regarding the Rural Water (£' *'*nd'•t 1971—1979
l0pr^n|?.**(
Services rendered; Missions and
epor,s
KENYA RURAL WATER SUPPLY
KENYA
Client: SIDA
Technical  advice  during  appraisal  of  the  Rural  Water Development Programme, 1972—1975.
Services rendered: Missions and reports. (VBB)
NIMBA WATER SUPPLY
LIBERIA
Client:  The  Liberian-American-Swedish  Minerals  Com pany, LAMCO.
Capacity: 8,000 m3 per day. Treatment of surface water by primary sedimentation, chemical coagulation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, alkalization and chlorination
Services rendered: Project report, tender documents, construction drawings and architectural design. (VBB—BECO)
TANZANIA RURAL WATER SUPPLY GENERAL WATER SURVEY
Client: The Government of Tanzania
General survey of a rural area covering abovt<»
in order to study the water requirement, J
available water resources as well as to makecr^
for the Improvement of the water supplies r
villages, 1966-1977.
Services rendered: Survey on site and 'epcr q results of Investigations, proposals ana est^e' (VBB)
KAFUE GORGE AND ITEZHITEZHI DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLIES
Client. The Government of Zambia.
Water supply and sewerage for the stall anc«*j engaged in construction work wh0*®L,Ter,i. camp at Kafue Gorge and an°^era d,¥ a1:i'ib Capacity at Kafue Gorge, 1.270 m P
Techi,640 m> per day. River water treat* W
Ttfhii'’’^ I
SUDAN RURAL WATER SUPPLY
Client: SIDA.
SUDAN
and chlorination.
Completed: Kafue Gorge in 1969, itezh Services rendered: Project rePod' construction drawings, site sups (VBB—THEORELLS—BECO)
|
R urI| £
en
oral Water Development Programme, 1965—1967.
Br e^T'C 800 adminis,rati*e study of the
Services rendered: Field studies and report. (KM)
LAKE REGIONS RECONNAISSANCE   STUDY
Client: SIDA,
in Tanzania, 1974
TANZANIA
kwanza ano West Lake
~ W. (VBB—Ter.DIGITAL MAPPING
Over the years SWECO has produced maps as part of the design of a great number of projects. (Since design is increasingly made by using the CAD-system) digital techniques have now been in troduced for the production of the maps. Some recent projects are listed below and the SWECO mapping system are described overleaf.
SWECO  has  also  assisted  clients  in  collecting  data  and  transforming  them  to  the  client's  own  CAD system Such services usually are combined with training of the client’s staff,
SUMMARY OF PROJECTS
Country, area
Client
China. Three Gorge
Swede R)wer
Libya, Jabei el Akhdar Seer, for Agri Reclamation Nor/.-vy,   Rudshbgda Lecs -dtnorities
N               >?rsgrunn h                   1ro AS
tillages
Mapping
objects
Lock structure
plans, sections
Ranching
Airfield
plans, sections
Industry
plan
Plans  for  tele
design
Plans for water
and sewerage
Plans for water
Plans for
water design
Town plan
7 utilities
Natural gas
pipeline plans
Natural gas
pipeline plans
industrial area
plans, services
Nuclear R>wer
Station, map
Railway   stn
Plans
Railway   sin
plans
Primary map
Amusement
Park plan
N g-plpeline
Plans, sections
Source   of
Information
Maps
Aerial photos
Field survey
Maps
Maps
Capture
method
Delivered
products
Area, ha Year
scale
125    1984
1:1000    1985
Remarks
Digitizing           Plots
Volumes
Digitizing           Plots
1 050 000
1:1000
1983-
1986
Terrain
model
Vegetation
areas
Digitizing           Plots
Volumes
Digitizing            Plots
Tape
96
1:1000
1984 Terrain
model
125
1985
1:500
r
;o1work Eng
aa. 10 villages
•ntral and Eastern
Stereo drafts         Digitizing            Plots
Tape
16 250
1:1000
1985-
1986
Field survey Editing
Plots
4 000
1980-
Detail
1:2000
1984
design
S             ubia Dammam
M            Eastern
Saudi Arabia. Al Hassa MOMRA Eastern
Sweden, Stockholm Community of Stockholm Sweden. Gas Transit Project
Swedish State Rawer Board
Sweden East Gas Project Swedegas AB
Sweden. SkArblacka
Piskeby AB
Sweden,   Slmpevarp
°st<arshanins rupp Sweden.  East  Station
S'ockholms Traffic Sweden, Ludvlka
Swedish Rail
Sweden, Ella gfcrd Community ot Taby Sweden.    Stockholm Grbna Lund AB
Sweden.   Klippan   project
Sydgas AB
;
Field survey
Maps
Field survey
Maps
Maps
Digitizing Plots
Digitizing Plots
Digitizing Plots
Tape
Digitizing Plots
Tapes
Digitizing Plots
Digitizing Plots
Digitizing Plots
(4 villages)
16 000
1982
Detail
1 2000
1983
design
8000
1982-
Detail
1 1000
1983
design
8            en
Maps
Maps
Maps
Field insp.
Maps
Aenal photos
Field measur
Stereo   dig
Plots
Digitizing
Aerial    photos
Maps
Stereo   dig
Plots
Digitizing
Aerial photos
Stereo dig Plots
Tape
Aerial photo
Maps
Field survey
100   1980
1:200
34 000   1982-
1 50 000     1985
10 000   1983-
150 000     1984
84    1983
1 400 4000
250    1983
1:1000
46    1984-
1:1000    1985
126   1984
1:1000    1985
70    1985
1:400
Stereo dig
Digitizing
Plots
18
1985
Digitizing Plots
Tape
*023323
5
1400
1400 1:2000
1985
Detail
design
SERVICES RENDERED
BY VBB MEMBER OF SWfrpIntergraph system
(&V.TF Mt TJ/’K
Mapping system
rOHfurre „„
I - W.W* MUOTTYSU’AN
' ’C ~B Q B Cg g g b -0
=#L MJI ,j
I
I
SWECO has two Intergraph systems They are arranged as shown on the diagram. The systems are used for designs and also for mapping. Data capture is made through digitiz ing, and through transfer of data from field measurements and from the mapping system.
The delivered products are
•  penplots
•  etectrostat plots
•  data tapes
SWECO has developed an inhouse mapP 9 s'*
in
hardware configuration as shown on the diap’ah captured through digitizing, stereo interp*- p transfer from field measurements.
The delivered products are
•  penplots
•  data tapes 
The data tapes are often transformed to the
<
A map scanning system was connected to
St8fn
-
thesfi^'*
»y 1986.
The system is also connected to a Image Pr
I2S.environmental
impact assessments and studies
Financier           Year
Client
Country
Project
1989
Roads Depart
ment
Botswana
Socio-Economic Analysis and En
AfDB
vironment Impact Assessment of
the Sekoma-Ghanzi-Mamuno Road
Industnal Efficiency and Environ
IBRD
1991-93
Ministry of Environ
mental Protection
mental Review involving i a Environ
Natural Resources 
mental auditing of about 40 heavy 
and Forestry,
industrial complexes in the Katowice
Poland
IBRD
Poland
area in southern Poland
Pre-Feasibility Study of the Vistula
IBRD/
1991-92
River Basin and Baltic Coast of
Trust Funds 
Poland
Sweden and
Denmark
Ministry of Science,
Industnal Pollution Inventory and
BITS
1992-93
Technology and Environment
Data Bases of Pollution Control,
Pilot Study, Bangkok
Thailand
Secretaria Nacional
Industrial Pollution Mitigation Study 
del Medio Ambiente Bolivia
IBRD Egypt
BITS
1992
Industrial Hygiene/Occupational Health and Safety
The World Bank Helwan Industrial Pollution Control; Review of Labora tory Activities, Planning of Laboratory Facilities and field Equipment and
Proposals for Increased Performance
IBRD                 1992
SIDA
Hanoi, Vietnam
Assessment of Environmental
Problems in Hanoi
SIDA
1993
IBRD
Pakistan
IBRD
Pakistan
UNDP
Optimized  Gas  Extraction  from
Sanitary  Landfill;  Environmental
BITS
1993
impact Assessment
National Conservation Strategy
Implementation Support Studies
IBRD
1992-93
Cyprus
Environment  Assessment  at  a
textile dyeing plant
UNDP
1993
165 adr/VUR -93Q402r
E
C
J
I
I
j
c
f
c
p
c
ft
r,
s
n
/
y
rWATER AND SEWERAGE NETWORKS
SWECO has provided consultancy services for a vast number of networks for water supply, wastewater drainage and stormwater drainage. Below is listed major overseas assignments. Water and wastewater treatment plants and water towers are listed separately.
Country. Town
Client
Protect
Pumping         Reeervors         Pipelines          House         Total
■tenons Towers > 300 mm conn. inveetm.
Ground               <300 mm
Penod
m’/h                 m’
Bre/ii. Seo Paolo
COMASP. Seo Paulo
Kerbala
Jordon. Amman
The Municipality of Amman
Jordan Amman
Amman Water and Sewerage
km No. USO M
1970-75
10
Authority
Wafer Supply
Sewerage and
Stormwater
Water Supply
Stages 1 and 2
Water   Supply
Stage 3A
3.900
3.000
Jordan. Amman
Amman Water and Sewerage Authority
Jordan, Amman
The Municipality of Amman
Jordan, Amman
Amman Water and Sewarage Authonty
Jordan. Amman
Amman Water and Sewerage Aulhonty
Konya, Nairobi
UNOP through WHO
Konya, Nairobi. Pheas 1
^ity Council of Nairobi
Kuwait. Kuwait
Ministry of Oectncity and Water
Kuwait. Kuwait
Ministry of Public Works
Kuweit. Coaatai Strip
Development Protect
The National Housing Aulhonty
Water    Supply
Stage 38
Waete-Stcrmw
Stages 1 and 2
Wastewater
Stage 3A
Wastewater
Stage JB
Wastowatar
St <Q»a 1 and 2
Sew.raga
2   water
•yilemj
Stormwater
Water Supply arxj
!
Sewerage and
1.200
-
8.000
4.000
8.000
•
-
•
a
700
-
49
25
1OO
20
140
70
60
2
120
25
200
12.000
5.900
7.100
15.000
1962 69
4
1971-76
10
1976-92
118)
1962-72
a
1971-76
5
1976-32
24
1972 99
(1251
102.000
1 33.000
1966-76
90
e 1966-77
C4O)
Services rend P pfen/ang
D-deeign
S-supervision
1970-71
0
1976-84
S. D
1962-69
P. D. S
1971-76
P. D. S
1975-82
P. D. S
1962-72
P. D. S
1971-76
P. O. 5
197682
P. O. S
1972-75
P
1975-73
D
1965-7g
P. 0. S
1968-71
P. 0
Stormwater
120
Dmen. Greater Mu t hr a
Water Supply
1982 84
P. 0
«.OOO
>m>di Arabia. AM
3.000
Anievy of Municipal
• •udi Arabia, Al Dilai
Areatry of Municipal
loo
and Rural Affaire
Oil am
and Rural Affaire
—■ AArraabbiica.“Al Hang
* nil try of Munir-—•           • "
Amatry of Municipal and Rural Affaire
•vdi Arabia. Al Haql
Ahiatry of Murvc^al end Rural Affaire
* ua' Arabia, Al Haqf
Erw4sn..»/vur/92 2 1
,,
Sewerage   and
Storm water
Water Supply
Water Supply
w «tar Supply
S-Worsg. on<J
s form Water
2.000
1.300
1.000
<3,000 Fabm.
170
15.090
400
10.000
3 6.000
51.000
1.500
5,000 60
1.000
70
1971-88
P. O. S
1982-84
P. 0
1980-81
S
1980-81
S
1980
P. D, S
1975-77
P, D3
U
I
I
I I I I
J L
r
ir
I
<
iF
[
/
y■MM
2
r
*
Country, Town
Chant
Project
Pump.ng
stations
Reservoirs
Towers
Ground
House
conn.
Total investm.
Panod
USD M
r
Saudi Arabia. Al Hasse Villages Ministry of Municipal snd Rural Affairs
Saudi Arabia. Al Hases
Water Supply
50.000
<300 mm
km No.
too
••
390
Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs             Sewerage end
23.000
Stormwater
-
Saudi Arabia, Al Hrfwa
^’murry of Municipal and Rural Affairs
Saudi Arabia, Al Jubal
Saudi Arabia. Al Jubaii
Saudi Arabia. AJ Khabre
Water Supply         1,000
5.000
Water Supply         1.500
400
45
14.000
18.000
77
230
5
21
135
Stormwater
Sewerage   end
Stormwater
Water Supply 8.000
Sewerage end     46.600                                                  29
Ministry ol AAjrwope* and Rural
Affaire
63
32
IIS
20
10O
6.500          Ewbm.
210
--
4.500          110
2,300 Estim.
125
5.200           Eotim.
75
3,000            IOS
Saudi Arabia. Al K Kama sin
Mirestry of Municipal snd Rural Affa
Saudi Arabia. Al Khamasm
Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affaire
Saudi Arabia. Al Khar)
Mntstry of Municipal and Rural Affairs
^eudi Arabia. Al-Khobar. Golden Belt Ministry of Murwcipel and Rural Affwrt
Saudi Arabia. Ai-Khobar. Golden Balt Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs
iaudi Arabia, Al Mejmae
Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs
Saudi Arabia. Al Oqayr
Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs
Saudi Arabia. Al Oqayr
r
Sewerage and
Stormwater
Water Supply
Sawerega and
1 Stormwater
Sewerage   and
Stormwater
Water Supply
Sewerage and
Stormwater
Sewerage   and
Stormwater
Water Supply
5 pstn
2.600
7.925
15.400
1.300
14.000
•
40
•
-
•
•
Services      'end P-planning
D-desrgn
S-eupervisJon
1982 83
S. D
1974-85 P. D, S 1960-81
S
1981-82
P. D
1975-85 P. D. S
1983
P, 0
1978 80 P. D. S
1973     82 Pa D, S 1980-81
S
1982     83
S
197S-85 P. D. TA 1982 83
S. D
1982     83
S. D
1978-78
P. D
t
i
S.ud. Ar.b.o, Al Khafjr
20.000
20.000
•                 48
•
-
Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs
Sewerage
and
1982-83
Stormwater
1.875
S. 0
5«udi Arabia. Ar Raao ♦ Bkairiyeh
Mmstry of Municipal and Rural Affairs
9«weraga
and
1982-83
Stormwater
•
S. 0
’•udi Arabia. As Sei amah
Ministry of Muractpai and Rural Affairs
>«udi Arabia. As SuUyil
Ministry of MunicipW end Rurd Affairs
***• Arabia. Buraydah
Misery of Agriculture and Water
»«Mdi Arabia, Dammam and AI Khober < rw,,rV of Municipal and Rural Affairs
,EpWASN.aarfVURZ921211
Sa war eg, end
Stormwater
Supply
^•ter Supply
Supply
•
600
3.SOO
500
7.000
8.000
®.0p0
197<-8O
1980-82
P. D
’980-82
P. D 1980-81
S
1974-80
P-D.S
’M2 83ii
I
■a
»
Irt
.1
Ilfuntry. Town
’* 1 1 »
Project
Pumping
stations
Reservoirs Towers Ground
Pipeline#
> 300 mm
<300 mm
House
conn.
Total
•nvostm.
Penod
m
J
udi Arabia. Dawadmt
nistry of Municipal and Rural Affairs
udi Arabia. Hotat Ban* Tameem rwstry of Municipal and Rural Affairs
udi Arabia. Jaletei
nutty of Murscpal and Rural Affairs
udi Arabia. Jeddah
nistry of Agriculture and Water
uCi Arabia. Jeddah
nistry of Agriculture and Water
udi Arabia, Jeddah
nistry of Agriculture and Water
ud' Arabia, leyls
rustry of Municipal and Rural Affai odi Arabia. Quwaytyeh
uoi Arabia. Riyadh
nistry of Agriculture and Water
udi Arabia. Riyadh
nistry of Apneultura and Water
udi Arabia. Riyadh
nistry of Agnculture and Water
udi Arabia. Riyadh
nistry ol Agriculture sod Water
udi Arabia. Riyadh
nistry of Apneultura and Water udi Arabia. Tabuk
Sewerage   and Stormwater
Water Supply
Sewerape   and Stormwater
km No. USD M
Emm.
Services     rand. P-planning
D-design
S-wuperviaion
1983-85
P. 0 1980-81
S
6.000
1967-75
Water Supply
Stages 3 and 4
18,600
Water Supply Stages 5 and 6 Water Supply
Sewerage   and Stormwater
Water Supply Stages 1 and 2
Water Supply Stapes 3 to 5
Water   Supply Ateas 1 to 5
Water   Supply Areea 6 end 7
Sewerage   and Stormwater
Sewerage     and Stormwater
Water Supply
Sawerage   and
Stormwater
1.200
40,000
18.000
121.000
13.500
500
14.000
372
722
89
1.046
8
30
67.100
48.600
1978-83
51
-
5.500
15.400
S.500
12.000
600
81.000
47.000
• 17
110
205
201
379
1.062
340
1.205
2.200
10.500
61.000
39.800
21.000
50.000
udl
Udi
T«f
T.f
2 pstn
350
8,700
40.000
30.6 SO
14.000
1963-73
40
1970-80
285
1976-82
308
1979-84
165)
E»t>m.
520
Estim.
115
1979-80
1967-75 P. 0. 5
1975-80 P. 0. S
1978-83 P. D. 5 1980-81
S
1983-85
P. 0
1983-73 P. D. S
1970     80 P. D. S
1975     82 P. D, S
1979-84
P. D, S
1979     85 P, 0. S
1974-85
P. D
1979-80
P. 0
Ua '
12.000
Es tim.
Sewerage
and
520
1974-85
Stormwater
3 patn
P. D. S
4     water
Eitim.
•Warns
’9.000
175
1975-77
P. D
Sewarag*   and
2 pstn
1979-83
150
1977 83
Sto rm water
P, D. S
Eetwn.
’976-78
P. 0
^*SN^u
fty92t21,I
I
ISVV^O
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN SWEDEN Giants designed for 30.000 pe or more. The list
Below follows a list regarding all wastewater shows which plants have mainly been designed by
ECQ
No.      Municipality              Name
Designed for
1000 pe
Mainly de-
signed by
1            Stockholm
2          Goteborg
3            Malmo
4             Lidingo
5 Helsingborg
6            Stockholm
7             Botkyrka
8            Eslov
9            Orebro
10            Bords
11           Uppsala
12 Kristianstad
13 Norrkoping
14            Linkaping
15           Falkenberg
16            Uddevalla
17           Halmstad
18           Kalmar
19           Eskilstuna
Henriksdal
Ryaverket
Sjdlunda
KSppala
Akeshov-Nockeby
Himmerfjarden
NAsbyverket
Slortshagen
Nykvarn
Smedholmen
Vastra stranden
725
680
550
500
300
290
240
231
220
206
200
200
200
180
160
150
150
140
135
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
30
39
40
41
42
43
44
Vdsterds
Lund
GSvIe
Karlstad
Vixjd
Malmd
Stockholm
Simrismhamn
LuleA
Angelholm
Skdvde
UmeA
Sundsvall
Varberg
LidkOping
Jbnkdping
Kartskrona
Haparanda
Nykpping
Ostersund
Skellehed
Trollhattan
Borldnge
Trelleborg
AlingsAs
Kungsangen                                                         125
Sjdstadsverket
Klagshamn
Eolshall
Uddeboverket
Tivoliverket
Kohoimen
Sundholmen
115
110
94
92
90
90
87
85
85
83
81
80
80
75
73
70
67
65
65
S Tuvan
Aridstorp
Nolhaga
60
60
SWECO
-
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECOt
L
C
rSW5C°
No Municipality
45           Ludvika
45 Landskrona
47 Katrinaholm
Gonis
48
Ystad
49
Motala
50
Enkdping
51
Vanersborg
52
Karlskrona
Karshult
Venersborg Gullbema
53
Kariskoga
55
Huskvarna
55
Borgholm
56
Skara
57
Hassleholm
58
Nybro
59
Hailstahammar
Mainly       de signed by
SWECO SWECO SWECO
- SWECO
SWECO SWECO SWECO
• SWECO
-
• SWECO
- SWECO
60
Tomeldla
61
Vistervik
62
Vimmerby
63
Farjestaden
64
Avesta
65
Tingsryd
66
Mariestad
67
Boden
68
Visby
69
Nacka
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Karlskrona
Vanersborg Sandviken Falun
Krylbo
Bodsvedjan Porsmosseverket
Lindholmen Br^landa
Trangs
Kfiping
MjOlby
Lysekil
Hnsping
Klippan
Ljungby
Norsa AxsSter
Hdganas
Hudiksvall Virnamo
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
Sundsvall Stockholm Ludvika
AI   vesta
La  holm PlteA
Falkdping Nomaije Karlskrona Kristinehamn
Fillan Loudden Gdrldngen
Hedlunet Sandholmen
Saltd
Designed for 1000 P«
58
55
53
50
50
50
50
49
48
47
47
46
46
46
46
45
44
43
43
43
43
42
41
41
40
40
40
39
38
38
37
36
36
35
35
33
32
32
32
31
30
30
30
30
30
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
SWECO
REFWTPiS .i«r/VU /921215
flWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
A selection of assignments concerned with design of water treatment plants for urban areas are listed in the table below. Assignments concerning desalination of water are presented in a separate list.
Capacity
mJ/d
Town. Plant. Country
Water Treatment process7
source
Amman. 2 plants. Jordan
Kuwait. Kuwait
N.mtja. Liberia
Fredrikstad, Norway
Moss-Rygge, Norway
Skjeberg, Norway
Vestfold. Norway
Jeddah, CP, Saudi Arabia
Riyadh,  6  plants,
Saudi Arabia
Riyadh. 3 plants,
Saudi Arabia
RSAF, 11 plants,
Saudi Arabia
Ground
G + OS
Surface
Surface
Surface
Surface
Surface
G +DS
Ground
Blending, chlorination
Blending distilled water wrth ground water brackish water and sea water Sedimentation, coagulation, sedimentation Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration
Microstraining
Coagulation. 3-media filtration Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration Blending, lime and carbon dioxide softening
Cooling,  aeration,  softening,  coagulation filtration, demineralization (ROI
50,000
450.000
8.000
50.000
40,000
12.000
100,000
430.000
350.000
Services rend,
p-planning
S D- ds eu spigernvision
1980 P. D. S
1973 P, D, S
1972 P. 0
1972 P, D
1971 P. D
1976 P, 0
1965 P, D
1980 P. D, S
1980 P. O. S
Ground       Cooling, softening, filtration
Ground       Includes one or more of coagulation, filtration, demineralization, (ROI, chlorination
8|uv Liungsgird, Sweden          Ground       Oxidation by azone, filtration
Boden, Sweden
Boris. Sweden
Faoersta. Sweden
Gotland. Sweden
GSvIe, Sweden
Hagfors. Sweden
Hallstavik. Sweden
Surface       Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration
Surface
Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration
Surface      Filtration, alkalization
Surface
S-G
Surface
Surface
Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, infiltr.
Slow sand filtration
Coagulation, flotation, filtration, ozonization, carbon filtration
1 1,000 1969 P, D. S
1980 P. 0. S
12,000          1974 P, D
15.0C0          1975 P, D
100.000           1977 P. D
8.000          1972 P. D
12,000          1970 P. D
45,000
6,900
1970 P, D
1972 P, D
4.300          1990 P. D
n S-G Ground water wholly or partly replenished by surface water
G * OS Ground Water and distilled sea water
* pH-adiustment and chlorination is not specifically mentioned. Filtration
stands for rapid sand filtrationI
I
I
I
I-
/kTreatment process
Town. Plant Country
Water
source"
Capacity
m’/d
Services rend.
p.planning
□-design
S-supervision
14.000
18.000
1973 P, 0
Surface
SIOW wod
Husavarna. Sweden
1987  P,  D
Kariskrona, Sweden
Surface
C o„o».i.n.
14,000
1984 P, D
Microstraining, infiltration
Katnneholm, Sweden
K<runa. Sweden
Kumla. Sweden
LaxS. Sweden
Lidkdping. Sweden
Lmkdptng, Sweden
Marviken. Sweden
Mora, Sweden
Norrkdping, Sweden
Nornaije, Sweden
P*teJ, Sweden
Ringsifln. Sweden
Surface
S-G
CoasulafO". sedimentation, filtration
Microstram.no. filtration, infiltration
Surface    Filtration
Surface
Surface
Surface
Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration Microstram.no, filtration, stow sand filtration Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration
Ground    Hardening
Surface Coagulation, sedimentation, carbon filtration, slow sand filtration
Surface Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration
Surface Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration Surface Microstraimng. slow sand filtration
27.000
18,000
5.200
10.000
50.000
7,000
8.600
1970 P. D
1975 P, D
1976 P, 0
1970 P, D
1968 P. D
1972 P. D
1976 P, 0
SjSlevad. GSlnSs. Sweden            Ground    Softening, aeration, filtration SjSlevad. Gdrdal. Sweden             S-G           Infiltration
Skaraborg, Sweden
Surface    Alkalization, disinfection
Stockholm, Gdrvain. Sweden        Surface    Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration
Stockholm. Norsborg,
Sweden
Svedaia. Sweden
SddertSlie. Sweden
Trollhanan. Sweden
Surface Coagulation, filtration, slow sand
filtration
Surface    Softening, filtration
Surface
Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration
Surface
Coagulation, lamellae sedimentation, nitration, slow sand filtration
75.000         1992 P.D
12,000         1993 P.D
in progress
30.000         1972 P.O
200,000          1993 P.D
in progress
4,300           1971 P. D
10.300           1971 P, D
100.000           1968 P. 0
400.000           1975 P, 0
200.000           1975 P, D
4.500          1971 P. D
30.000          1972 P. D
20.000          1971 P, D
S-G Ground water wholly or partly replenished by surface water
G ♦ DS Ground Water and distilled sea water
oH-adjustment and chlorination is not specifically mentioned. Filtration stands for rapid sand filtrationI
I
IICapacity
Services rend.
Town. Plant. Country
Water Treatment process
source"
m3/d              P-planning
D-design
S-supervision
UmeA Forslunda, Sweden
SG
Infiltration, aeration, contact filtration,
filtration
30.000
1992 P.
Uppsala. Sweden
SG
Filtration, infiltration
65.000
1972 P,
Venersborg, Sweden
Surface
Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration
12.000
1975 P,
Virnemo, Sweden
Ground
Aeration, filtration
10,000
1978 P,
Vastervik, Sweden
Surface
Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration
30.000
1989 P.
vasierAs. Sweden
SG
Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration,
infiltration
75,000
1 969 P,
Orebro, 2 plants. Sweden
SG
MicrostrairMng, filtration, infiltration
50.000
1972 P.
Orebro, Sweden
Surface
Coagulation, sedimentation, slow sand
filtration
50,000
1972 P,
OsterAker-Vaxholm,
Sweden
Surface
Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, slow
sand filtration
13,000
1970 P.
S G Ground water wholly or partly replenished by surface water
„ b F os Ground Water and distilled sea water
pH^ustment and chlorination is not specifically ment.oned Filtrat.on stands for rap.d sand hitrations
E
a
I
I
1SWBoO
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS
SWECO has designed a great number of plants for treatment in the table below Some of the protects are further described
of urban wastewater. A selection
in separate project sheets.
of assignments are listed
Town. Country
Population  Treatment  process  in  addition served to mechanical treatment
Sludge treatment
Latest ex
tension in
operation
Melbourne, Sunbury. 30,000
Australia
Tubli, Bahram
Holbaek, Denmark
Addby. Denmark
Nakskov, Denmark
Melby. Fredriksvaerk.
Denmark
Haapsalu, Estonia
Vasa, Finland
Baghdad Tajiat, Iraq
Kerbala, Iraq
Salt. Jordan
Dandora. Kenya
Kitale, Kenya
Naivasha. Kenya
Buchanan and Yepeka
Liberia
Klaipeda, Lithuania
Sam Antnm, Malta
Oslo Bekkelaaet. Norway
Oslo Vest. Norway71
Greater Mutrah. Oman
Ciechanow. Poland
200.000
43.000
1 1,000
25,000
24,000
45.000
76,000
20.000
120.000
45,000
250,000
25.000
22.000
30.000
300.000
300.000
350.000
250.000
53.000
Activated sludge, nitrification denitrification, post-precipitation,
multi-media filtration
Activated sludge
SBR, filtration
Direct precipitation
Direct precipitation
Direct precipitation
Activated sludge
Activated sludge
simultaneous precipitation
Activated sludge
Oxidation ponds
Activated sludge
Oxidation ponds
Trickling filter, polishing lagoons
Oxidation ponds
Trickling filter
Chemical precipitation
Trickling filters
Aerobic stabilization               1979
cost   modifi-
fication 1991
Aerobic stabilization              Study 1977
Digestion, dewatering            1990
1976
1974
Activated sludge, direct
Direct precipitation
Precipitation
50.000
Activated sludge nitrification,   denitrification
filtration, reuse of effluent
Activated  sludge, nitrification, dervtnfication
Dewatering
Aerobic stabilization,
dewatenng
Aerobic    stabilisation
dewatering
Digestion, dewatering
Dewatering   of   raw
sludge
Lime treatment
Aerobic stabilization
Aerobic stabilization
Drying beds
Digestion, drying beds
Dewatering, transport
to refuse tip
Reuse  of  effluent,
sludge and solid waste
Digestion, dewatering
Digestion, dewatering
Aerobic    stabilization
dewatering
Oigestion. dewatering
REFWVTK.Mr/VURfl3 3 4
0J
1977
Study 1992
1972
Study 1900
1984
1980
1978
1977
1978
Studies 1977
Study 1993
Study 1981
1977
1983
1987
Design
ongoing 1993i
i
I2
Sludge treatment
Town, Country
Hassa Villages I. Saudi Arabia
Hassa Villages II. Saudi Arabia
Khafji, Saudi Arabia Khan, Saudi Arabia RSAF 1 2 plants.
population
served
Latest ex
tension in
operation
1988
180.000
58.000
136.000
r
Saudi Arabia
Tail. Saudi Arabia
Unayzah. Saudi Arabia Yanbu, Saudi Arabia Eskisehir, Turkey
Chambishi. Zambia Kitwe, Zambia Boris, Sweden Halmstad, Sweden Hudiksvall, Sweden Ha$sieholm, Sweden JdnkOping. Sweden
Treatment process in addition to mechanical treatment
Extended aeration
activated sludge
nitrification, denitrification,
filtration
Extended aeration
activated sludge, nitrification, denitrification, filtration
Oxidation ponds
Aerated lagoons
filtration
Oxidation  ponds  or  activated sludge and precipitation
Aerobic stabilization
Aerobic stabilization
1988
Aerobic stabilization
Aerobic stabilization
1989
1987
1977
400.000            Precipitation,  filtration, reuse of eflluent
42,000           Aerated lagoons
80.000          Rotating biological contactors multi-media filtration
Aerobic stabilization 1986
Aerobic stabilization 1986
Aerobic    stabilization, drying beds
1982
520.000
16.000
250.000
206.000
150.000
32.000
46.000
73.000
Katrlneholm, Sweden 53.000
Kriguanstad, Sweden 200.000
Pre-aeration, sedimentation
Activated sludge
Activated sludge. Trickling filters Trickling filter, activated sludge Activated sludge, pre precipitation Activated sludge, post-precipitation
Activated sludge, post-precipitation
multi-media filtration
Activated sludge, post precipitation Trickling fitter, post-precipitation
Trickling  fitter,  activated  sludQe,
post-precipitation
tinkdping. Sweden liungby. Sweden
Lund. Sweden REFWWTPt Mr/VUR/93O3 24
180.000
33.000
115.000
Activated sludge,
precipitation
Activated sludge.
pre- and post-
post-precipitation
Activated sludge. _______ . ........ , post-precipitation, stabilization pond
Digestion, dewatering          Detailed design 1979
Aerobic stabilization              1974
Aerobic stabilization              1972
Digestion, dewatering            1976
Digestion, dewatering           1974
Stabilization with lime,          1976
dewatering
Digestion, dewatering            1977
Digestion, dewatering            1975
Digestion, dewatering            1978
Digestion, dewatering            1976
Digestion, dewatering           1991
Aerobic       stabilization,       1975
dewatering
Digestion, dewatering 1974t
1Sludge treatment
Town, Country
Population  Treatment  process  in  addition served to mechanical treatment
Latest ex
tension in
operation
Lund, Sweden
Maimd, Klagshamn. Sweden
Nacka. Sweden
115,000
90,000
40.000
Activated sludge, tnckbng filter post precipitation, stabilization pond
Activated sludge
Activated sludge, Pre- and post
precipitation
Digestion, dewatering
Digestion, dewatering
Digestion, dewatering
1974
1974
1989
Norrkflpmg. Sweden               200,000          Activated sludge, post-precipctation
30,000          Trickling filter
post precipitation
Digestion, dewatering            1978
Digestion, dewatering           1971
NorrtMlie. Sweden
Nykfipmg, Sweden
OxelOsund. Sweden
Stockholm Hennksdal”
Sweden
Stockholm -Himmerfjarden
Sweden
65,000          Activated sludge, post precipitation             Digestion, dewatering            1978
13.000          Direct precipitation,
constructed wetlands
Digestion, dewatering            1993
725.000          Activated sludge, pre-precipitaticn               Digestion, dewatering            1973
Stockholm Kjppala71,
Sweden
Stockholm Nockeby,
Sweden
Sundsvall, Sweden
Trollhattan2'. Sweden
Tranis. Sweden
Uppsala, Sweden
Visby, Sweden
VJsterfts, Sweden
Orebro. Sweden
M Under construction 1993
n located in rock caverns
240,000
500,000
290.000
31.000
62.000
38.000
200.000
41.000
125.000
22.000
Activated sludge, post-precipitation           Digestion, dewatering            1974
Activated sludge, direct
precipitation
Activated sludge, pre-precipitation,
nitrification
Activated sludge
Digestion, dewatering            1972
Digestion, dewatenng
Digestion, dewatenng
Activated sludge, direct precipitation           Digestion, dewatering            1980
Activated sludge, post-precipitation Activated sludge, postprecipitation Trickling filter, post precipitation Activated sludge, post-precipitation Activated smdge. post-prec pitall0n
.
Digestion, dewatering            1975
Digestion, dewatering            1972
Digestion, dewatering           1979
Digestion, dewatering           1981
Digestion, dewatering
1974
A
REFWWTP1-«»'A'UR/9303 4
3I?/'
I' -. •
I..AST TEN YEARS WHICH BEST
major WORKWJWO^Jm.HCATIONS
Name of Client
Federal Flood Commission at the Ministry of Water
and Power
Start Date (mortttvyMf)-
0494
Nana of associated larm(s) if any
NESPAK
Cocnplelrtion Date
0995
48
Approx Value of Services
M USD 1.3
No o< Man-months if professional
staff provided by associated f»rm(s)
10
Name ol Senior Staff (Project Director/Coordinator. Team Leader) involved and functions performed:
Project Manager Per-Olof Seman, Chief Team Coordinator Valter Hagstrom
DelaiteO Narrative Description ol Project.
As a part of Swedish study support for Pakistan in land and waler resources development SWECO earned out a watershed study with the atm to propose a Watershed Management Plan for Upper Kaha Hill Torrent in Pakistan The said Watershed Management Plan proposes long-term strategies for conservation and development of the Upper Kaha and presents project packages for short-term development (1995-2000) It aimed at reducing flood damages downstream as well as contributing towards increased bio-mass production in the area
Diluted Description of Actual Services provided by your Company
The project compnsed thematic mapping of landform, geology, soils, vegetation, and land use covenng 15 map sheets in scale 1 50.000. topographic mapping of elevation, slope, aspect and relief conditions through digital photogrammetric analyses as a initial stage of the project
The subsequent computer modelling and analyses of erosion hazards, water balance and land suitability lead to project identification of schemes for flood control and for development of agriculture land and rangelands
An important part of the study was the technology and skill transfer achived through joint swedish-pakistam team cooperation and participation in productive training courses within the field of remote sensing and satelite image interpretation
Identification  of  social  and  institutional  framework  for  project  implementation  and  preparation  of  design  and cost estimates of most viable projects concluded the scope of project services
Firm’s name: SWECO-
I
JMAJOR WORK DURING LAST TEN YEARS WHICH REST ILLUSTRATES QUALIFICATIONS
Ofoieet Name
Leachate Pollution from open dump sites
P,0"«
Metro Manila
* llhln Country:
Name ot Chant
Environmental Management Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Start 0>t* imonth/vaad.
0590
Compleuo" Oata:
(month/yaat'
1093
Name ol associated fl rm (al if •ny.
The Philipp’nes
Professional Staff Provided by your Company:
No at staff;
10
No. of Man-monih»:
50
Approx.   Vaiua   of
Services'
M USO 1
No. of Man-months if professional
staff provided by associated firm(s)
Name of Senior Staff iProisct Director/Coordinator. Team Leader! involved and functions performed:
Per Olof Seman, Project Director, Anders Rydergren. Coordinator
Oat Ml ad Narrative Description of Projict:
As a part of a solid waste managemenr programme for Metro Manila, VBB VIAK carried out a study with the aim to propose environmental protection measures for four dump sites in Metro Manila. The sites were selected in a way that they would represent
- one old dump site about to be closed
- one medium age dump site planned co be kept in operation
two landfill sites about to be opened
Detailed Description of Actual Services provided by your Company:
The project comprises design of suitable environment protection measures for different stages of dumping sue development. Such measures would be e.g. dykes for surface water diversion, protection layers of soil for intermediate and final cover of the waste, operation manuals, closure plans, introduction of leachate collection systems and leachate treatment methods, etc. Furthermore, in the study an assessment of the client's laboratory was included as well as the introduction of a technique using monitoring wells for control of the pollution of ground water. The proposed protection measures will, efter implementation, improve the environment in the vicinity of some of the dumping sites in Metro Manila. However, the most important purpose of the study is to strengthen the skills of the client’s staff and to set standards to be used for a
erter environmental management also for other dumping sites in the future. Therefore, training of personnel
In the Philippines as well as overseas was included in the project, w / Services rendered. Pre Study 1990. Main Study 1991-92
----------------------------- • ^4----------------------------------------------------
Jrl
Firm's name:            SWECOi
IMAJOR WORK DURING LAST TEN YEARS WHICH BEST ILLUSTRATES QUALIFICATIONS
pro|«ct Name:
PfB Feasibility Study of Vistula Rivet
PT01.CI uoe«uon wittun Country:
River Vistula. Baltic Coast
Country;
Poland
prot„«.on- Start Pwnnded »y your Company-
No of St«H:
16
No. of Min-monthi
Namn o1 Client:
40
World Bank
Approx Volu* of
St.rt D.i« (monlh'yMrl:
Completion O.«:
(monttVyeer)
Services:
0891
0592
MSEK 8
Name of aiiiociated firmCil if any
No of Men-months if professional
staff provided by associated hrmfsl
COWIconsult. local
Danes 25, Polish 50
Name at Senior Staff <Pro>act Direetor/Coordinetor. Team Leader! involved and functions performed:
Bengt Bengtsson, Team Leader, Sewage Treatment Specialist
Detailed Narrativo Description of Project:
The Pre-Feasibility Study of the Vistula River Basin and Baltic Coast of Poland is part of the activities ini tiated by the Baltic Sea Environment Conference held in Ronneby, Sweden in September 1990. The Study is one of eight parallel pre-feasibility studies which constitute the basis for the Baltic Sea Joint Comprehensive Environmental Action Programme, a special report on recommended actions to reduce emissions and restore the Baltic Sea to a sound ecological balance.
Detailed Description of Actual Services provided by your Company:
The study covers the two discrete sub-regions 11 the Vistula River Basin and 2) the coastal drainage area covering a 60-70 km wide strip along the Polish coastline from the border to the Russian Kalingrad area to the mouth of Odra River. The total land area is 220,000 km  with a population of 26.7 million people. 89 percent of the Study Area is found within Polish territory. The rest is parts of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (CSFR), Ukraine and Belarus.
2
Services rendered 1991-92: Project management, studies of fresh water quality, municipal and industrial point sources, evaluation of proposed actions, and production of the compiled report.
------------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Firm's name:             SWECOi
i
iir . i TEN YEARS WHICH BEST major ^£ °f£? L   ouauhcations
u          Es
Protect Name:
industrial Efficiency and Environment Rev.ew
Country:
Poland
Professional Staff Provide DY Y™ 
-v—r
Prg|ect Location within Country
No of staff:
15
Katiwice area
No. of Man-months:
Name of Client:
Ministry of Environment
70
Start Date (monitVyear):
Completion Date:
Approx. Value of
(month/year)
Services:
0891
0493
MUSD 3
Name of associated firm(a) if any:
COWIconsult. VKI, CH2MHill, local consult.
No. of Man-months if profess»ona(
staff provided by associated firmlsl
110
Nami of Senior Staff (Proper Director/Coordinator, Teem Leader) involved and functions performed:
P 0 Seman, Team Leader, Environmental Specialist
□etMled Narrative Description of Project:
Training of a cadre of 150 Polish specialists to conduct environmental inventories and reviews in order to improve the standard and environmental conditions in the Polish industry and ultimately the ambient environ- ment in Southern Poland.
□•■cription or Actual S.rv,c. provide by you, Comp.ny:
'tx: Oc,“x“ o
m
>"d -•*h ■■ *• "»•'
in p°'and
... ........................................................... indurajii Environmeniai Trajrtna
Firm’s name:        SWECQI
t
Imajorwo
„ tcn years which best , RlJust™a?e^oual1Ficat.ons
Project Name:
water Supply and Sanitation
Protect Location within Country:
Ulaan Baatar. Gob. Alta!. Dund-Gobi
Name of Client:
State Concern of Municipal Economy (MONNAAI
Country:
Mongolia
s.«w ?'<„*•< ** ***’ Corno-°*
Start Date (month'"yeari:
ComtMeuon Data: (monihhreeri
1093
0895
Name of associated tirm(s) if any:
No of start;
8
No. of Man-months:
20
Approx. Value of
Services:
MSEK 7
No. of Man-months if professional
Mart provided by associated firmisl
Noma of Senior Start (Project Cirec tor .’Coordinator, Team Leedsrl .nvorved and functions performed:
Leif Gothlm. Team Leader. Water Quality Expen. Ola Lindstrand, Hydrogeologist
Detailed Narrative Description cf Project:
The project consists of a package of complementing activities involving the provision of technical assistance and equipment for a capacity building programme in the water and sanitation sector Low cost, appropriate and sustainable technologies and delivery systems will be demonstrated and planning and implementation skills at government and community level.
Detailed Description of Actual Services provided by your Company:
cation suoVnTn0^15 af*- conduct of training in planning, technology, community involvement and edu-
Proy.s'onTd3a.
handpumps £ Z dXZ
^ndards and t.stmg guidelines^X^S
nyarogeological studies.
hV9'e"e eduCat,on
rna.nly for women; the
’^'Pment; construction of demonstration deep wells fined with formulation of a water quality
appropriate treatment facilities; and conduct of
Firm's name:         SWECO5
IProject name and_k&atifln
Master Plan for Port Harcourt. Nigeria.
Client
Government of the River State. Ministry of Land and Housing.
Brief proicct description
Master Plan for Port Harcourt, with a population expected to increase
from 300.000 to 1.500.000 persons. The MP included studies of
population. Economy. Land use. Transportation and Technical Ser-
vices.
TYPC..QLservic€$ provided
Study of water demand, layout and conceptual design of a system for
water supply for the Metropolitan Area including production plants 
and distribution network.
Layout  and  conceptual  design  of  a  system  for  collection  and  treatment of sewage.
Cost estimates, and proposals for phasing of investments.
Project period
1973-1974
Name of.associ^
Specialist Consult. Lagos. Nigeria
i»r/
Project/931027/ia
a
iDate or start and compklion^or proigVJ
Design work June 1979 - December 1980.
Construction support services January 1981 - December 1982.
Role and responsibility of.Consultant
Main Consultant.
Outcome and status of the project
Project executed and under operation. Extensions have been designed.JProject name and, locangn
Teheran Water Resources Study, Iran.
Client
Teheran Water Board.
Brief protect description
A  reconnaissance  study  of  water  resources  was  carried  out  during  the period    1976-78    The    study    comprised    climatology,    hydrology    and hydrogeology,    agriculture    and    forestry,    social    conditions,    economy, population  and  water  demand.  The  study was followed by a master plan submitted  in  1980.  presenting  alternative  strategies  and  solutions  for  the development of the water resources up to the year 1004.
The study region covers 80.000 knr and a population of 9 M 1976.
The study  of hydrology  and surface water resources  included an in vestigation of the existing hydrologic network in the project area, analysis of the accuracy of available data and recommendations on improvements and extensions of the network.
A  number  of  projects,  mainly  multipurpose  schemes  for  generation  were selected for further studies.
ISM Qf services provided
Data on topography, meteorology collected and studies on hydrology, made. Development projects  were plan was worked out.
and existing facilities  have been hydrogeology, agro-economy  were identified and studied and a master
Cost of services
USD 0.6 M.
Dil£-^aiTaiiU-£Qm^ Qf proiert 1976-1980.
TrfwrwtMJ         L-9 ) ia:g, |I
IRole and responsibility of Consultant
Joint venture with MAHAB Consulting Engineers. Teheran.
T *hWWL**r*             UJICProject name and, U2£M!£D
Okavango Water Transfer. Botswana.
Client
Government of Botswana.
Brief project description
Studies of the technical and economical conditions for utilization of water from the Okavango Delta by  transfer of water to other parts  of the country  for industrial, agricultural and municipal uses. Determination of staged potential water requirements  up to year 2005 for alternative water extraction and transfer projects based on studies on the development of various  regions  and water consumption sectors. Examination of the feasibility  of irrigated agriculture on the northern range of the Kalahari Desen.
Type of services provided
Field studies and investigations, evaluations and reports.
Cost of services
USD 0.3 M.
P  <? Qf Sian and-completion of Droiert 1975-1976. 1982.
at
a
Bal ^ MTe^o sil
D
u i1p/ Qf Consu,fant
Main Consultant.IProject name and Location Dukwe New Town, Botswana.
Client
Government of Botswana.
Affairs
Ministry of Mineral Resources and Uater Affairs.
Brief protect description
The planning of Dukwe New Town was  initiated as  a result of the possibility  of extracting salts  from Makgadthgadi Pans. The population of the town in a first phase was estimated at 10,000 followed by further development for 40.000 inhabitants.
The financial and economic  consequences  of alternative levels  of standards have been analyzed. Hypothetical budgets for the Government. The Town Council and the private sector have been prepared in order to establish planning standards, which are feasible both for the town and the country.
Type of services provided
Feasibility study, demographic and housing studies, a structural plan economic and financial studies, a sociological study, groundwater water supply and sewerage studies, a road and airport study and a power supply
Cost of services
USD 0.3 M.
start and CQmpIrtion of project 1975-1976.
rXd***T
I03L |J
i
iProject name and legation
Small Dams Construction. Botswana
Client
Ministry of Agriculture. Botswana and UNCDl
Brief Project Description
Feasibility  study  regarding  rural  water  supply  for  domestic,  livestock and irrigation purposes in Botswana.
The  study  is  financed  by  UNCDF  (United  Nations  Capital  Develop ment Fund).
The objectives of the mission were
domestic  water  supply  for  rural  remote  areas  (by  means  of  dug and drilled wells)
livestock  water  supply  covering  approximately  300,000  cattle  (by means of small dam construction and wells)
. small scale irrigation water supply for remote areas. Type of services provided
e q“Xm
F              S'“dy Wilh
Eroiect period
1987-1988
Nam? Of Associate
Aqua Tech. Gaborone, Botswana
BlUs of Qua„,i.ies for purchasing of
Pr <bect/Sm4l 1 DamfProject name_aQdJo£3U2D
Molepolole Mocbudi Grounds Exploit Projec., Bouwana
Clieni
Ministry of Mineral Resources and Water Affairs. Department of Water Affairs. Botswana
Brief Protect Description
Water supply to the towns of Mochudi and Molepolole.
The aim is to extract groundwater from fractured aquifers in Water- berg and Transvaal supergroups. The total required long term yield from the production holes is 2.43 million nV/year. Within the project, the drilling of about 60 test holes and another 30 production holes is planned.
Type of serv ices provided
Geophysics
Satellite image analysis
Test drillings and production drilling Aquifer test
Theoretical studies Information digitalized in GIS
Project period In progress
Paul LarkmGr0UndWa'er Consul^nts (Pty) Ltd, Gaborone, Botswana
Jar/931CZ9/lProject name andJgcaUSQ
Eastern Botswana Regional Water Study.
Client
Ministry of Mineral Resources and Warer Affairs. Depanmen. of Water Affairs, Botswana
Brief Protect Description
The aim of the study was to work out a general, long term strategy 
for development ot water resources mainly for the centres in the regions up to the year 2010.
The project was a desk study including hydro-geological evaluation by tectonic studies, studies of satellite images (remote sensing), hydrological evaluation demand estimates using an economic model and statistics in six different scenarios.
The report recommended a north-south Water Axis be implemented, at a cost of some 1000 million Pula, during the period, fully built out in the high growth alternative, to 50 percent in the low growth alterna tive.
Type of services provided
Theoretical  study,  carried and in Sweden.
out by some 20 persons, both in Botswana
Project period
1983-1984
Elame-Of Associate
Aqua Tech. Gaborone. Botswana
Pr oiect/Ea$tern8 aar/931029/irProject iiame_afL<jJo£M‘Q-Q
Botswana Rural Water Supply. BoBwan..
Client
Ministry  of  Mineral  Resources  and  Water  Affair^  Department  of  Water Affatrs MtG.W. Matenre. Under-Secretary. Botswana.
Brief protect description
A  study  to  evaluate  the  rural  water  supply  programme  in  21  major villages  and  70  rural  villages  with  particular  regard  to  social,  technical and   economic   aspects.   The   study   also   includes   the   preparation   ot guidelines  which  will  provide  the  Department  of  Water  Affairs  with  a basis  for  taking  measures  to  avoid  nitrate  pollution  of  the  water  sources utilized in the programme. The main activities of the study was collecting of  data  from  agencies  and  archives,  interviews  with  authorities,  tech nicians and consumers, visit to schemes, processing and analysis of data, summarizing and reporting.
Type of services provided
Field studies and investigations, evaluations and reports. Cost of services
USD 0.2 M.
Dafe s
- ^an_a d amDletion of
nJ
prO
iect
1977-1978.
Main Consultant.
Completed.
CI
I
Io,^;»rr Name ancLU^i^1
Pakistan Client
Washington
Brief  Project  Description
Pakistan  presented  tn  1992  a  comprehensive  document,  the  National Conservation Strategy. NCS. in which the overall environmental policy
of the country is outlined.
The study  was  divided into two stages. The objective of the first stage was  to evaluate whether the NCS of Pakistan could meet the World Bank’s  requirements  on an Environmental Action Plan. EAP, and if so. be translated into such plan.
Following this evaluation, the second stage was dedicated to (he produc tion of an overall plan indicating how environmental policies and invest ment strategies  should be prioritised. The World Bank's  concept of an EAP was  used to operationalise the NCS priority  recommendations  into a work plan and an implementing budget.
Type of Services Provided
Eiaksi Period
1992-1993
hjajnc pf Sub ConsultantsProject name and location
Dammam Met-
Preliminary De
Sg
i ns for
ropolnan Area. Dammam. Saudi Arabia.
Client
MiniUry of Municipal and Rural Affairs. Saudi Arabia Wa.er and Sewerage Directorate. Eastern Province.
Brief protect description
Provision of a master plan for extension of the systems for water supply and sewerage for the period 1985-2010, and a population expected to increase from 590.000 to 1,280.000 persons. The study included water demand projections, layout for the extended system for water distribution including reservoirs and pumping stations, layout
for the sewage system including pumping stations and treatment plants, phasing of construction and cost estimates.
Proposed investments:
Water supply  USD 1,300,000.000 Sewage USD 2,250,000.000 Type of services provided
e.          —• s.
-
=
fcgiect period 1984-1985
“ r/P^Ject/931027/I2.2 ORGUT
Conti I.
00/941222I
1this is
ORGUT0
1 rgut Consulting AB is an independent consultancy company owned by its employees, 
providing organizational and managerial expertise in the areas of forestry, wood industry and land management.
Orgut specialises in rhe use of forestry as a force contributing to general development, i.e. to genera tion of resources and improvement in the living conditions for both men and women. Combining land and human resources in an environ mentally sound fashion for eco nomically sustainable development is the Orgut characteristic.
Since 1973 Orgut has provided consultancies to thirty countries;
>n Africa, Asia and America, as well as in Europe.
The professional staff of the company are foresters, economists, sociologists, agronomists and
?• .!nistralors- logether with our ^fcd network Orgut
cooT 3 Un,que resource base for
.
COo
peration.Specialized    and    integrated    services
i forestry, wood industry
nd land management"
: believe in rhe future of wnud. d strong. tlexiblc. rulativciv durable j bcMurillil trurerul with great environmcnial .idvAntagcs and a ghen
cc in a w ide range nf uses.
IX e ;lsu believe in the need for egratn «n. Intcgriti' in of fi ircst
mu'.is ui rh milusrrx and market one har.da/d prudutfion (.lilorcd
•he need* <jt die cn .lomrr on iht c u d oitr pr’ pCui ivr is that of
I.d-.liiv, 5UC1.LITT1-
veme i. jn, • ci. lo^h J Mmadness.
or<<*
-or n*‘rL’, k l iivn^g- ’1 KOVr> ■ jstry ar.-
ustrv-" ■ crx?-’
yc id'xi •• lire o’ i 1 n hir- e ■
r
ni.
can Orgur has
veh. t pm ent nf
1 ms.agjo-
’'’•‘.livd ioresr
A c lux e 4
enable for
)n with agri
■n with cffl- '• - casing of
kirexp'-ii i- ’
i in parkin tour
tincnis ii .J x res ihar rhe inte
eed d a.ippi  pp:'^i nJcc.i bii a woild-
t applicability.
»ut as a change agent
bask theme inOigut's work is lontotc sell-reliant and sustained 
:lopniem atnnn g farmers, enter-
is di instiruuanc I his often calls lunges in the organisational
nine or in the layout of projects, following cases will exemplify Jrgut approach and out wav of
as a change age nr.
i    Forest    ProjectNadu
•it manned i coordinator post in 
1           nCil su
ed out short term conwihincies.
| rnieadufingV)8( Ai||.i
|
Al present, the Vainil Nadu bocial Forestry Project receives the largest S1L1X contribution given to anv project in the agricultural sector.
The project has developed trona conventional tree planting with community and iarm forestry’ com ponents to a diversified undertaking
>v 'Ethiopia. During those years, Orgut was engaged in most subsectors and ir. most areas of the country.
The programme included provi sion of long-term personnel for support in management, adminis tration, forestry education, commu nity forestry, wood utilization and forest industries. Support was also provided in the form of short-term consultancies, technical hack-stop ping and procurement of a wide variety of goods.
The projects where ()rgut was involved  played  an  important  role in the transformation of the forestry sector  of  Ethiopia,  from  exploitation of the few remaining loresrs to sus tained, vastly enlarged produi rion. based on man-made forests.
Short-term assignments
Orgut has carried out over a hun dred short-term consultancies dur ing the past twenty years. hile
ihev are wide-ranging both in pro fessional and geographical coverage, a few themes have recurred, such as: -Tropical Forestry Action Plans 
and other sector plans at the na tional level (Ethiopia, Indonesia. Laos. Tanzania, Vietnam):
- Energy Sector Assessment ol the World Bank and UNDP and other major assignements in the field of biomass energy (Angola, Dominican Republic, Somalia);
- F.nv ironment Status Repons and Action Plans (Angola, Vietnam);
Land use planning in support of
localdevelopment (Burkina Faso, Dominican Republic, Gambia.
DI5W“'
Nicaragua, Tanzania);
■ Integration between forest opera- rions, wood industry, and the mar
ket,  through  annual  six  week  semi nars  held  in  Sweden  since  1986  for participants  from  all  over  rhe  world and through consultancies in Bang' ladesh, Colombia, Equador, Ethio pia, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Uruguay.
- Development of the concept of forestry for local development in cooperation with SIDA and FAO and in consultancies in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Guinea-
v 
-r’
..
andUoiu-'
-PlanningiJr“ forprflKlC^
and-^1
Addrcss:Stora Nygjun 44.S-111 27 Stockholm, Sweden Telephone: .46 8 110460,Telefax: .46 8 210269, Telex: Hl 52 orp'1 s
ORGUF4Selected clients
ADB (Asian Development Bank) AfDB (African Development Bank)
BITS (Swedish Agency for Inter na tional Technical and Economic ( oop- crarion)
DOMAN  (National  Forest  Enterprise  of Sweden)
FAO ( Food and Agriculture Organisa tion of the United Nations)
FINN1DA (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland, Department of Foreign Aid)
IFAD (International Fund for Agricul tural Development)
11.0 (International I abor Organization)
MDC (The Royal Norwegian .Ministry of Development Cooperation)
NORAD (Norwegian .Agency for International Development)
OPS (Office lor Project Services of the United Nations)
S1DA (Swedish International Develop ment Authority)
SUAS (Swedish University for Agricul tural Sciences)
Swedish Red Cross Society and other Swedish NGO’s
UNSO  (United  Nations  Sudano Sahelian Organisation)
The World Bank
Regional Funds, County Boards, and private companies in SwedenA view of the Old Town of Stockholm. the iocatton of the Orgut heto.qaot ter.v.
*»s.o £
A
orguf^
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n
ONSUUlNG?IB
onc;
S - 111 27 Stockholm.
Fdex 141  , 11^60, Telefax: +46 8 210269^
s
° f^ut s* Telegram: ORGUT** •'31  fckisJs
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lit
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JA  CONSULTANT
IN THE FIELD OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Contents
1. Some Facts about ORCUT Croup
2. ORGUT as an Agent of Change
3. Long-term Assignments
4. Selected Clients
5. Short-term Consultancies
1
6
3 12 13
Address:
Stora Nygatan 44 S-lll 27 Stockholm Sweden
Telephone:
Telefax:
Telex:
+ 46 8 4110460 + 46 8 210269 141 52 orgut s
Edition December 1994SOME FACTS ABOUT
the orgut group
Orgul Group of Compal has - Mowing four members:
Orgut Consulting AB, with Headquarters in Slockholm. Sweden.
Orgut AS. with Headquarters in Oslo. Norway,
. Agrisyslems (Nordic) AB. with Headquarters in Stockholm;
. Bilan Aim Consulranrs Ltd. whh Headquarters in Asmara. Entree
The ORGUT Group has consultancy experience from forty countries; tn Africa Asia and Xrief as we I as from Norway. Finland and Sweden. The Group cames out
Xlicto within the forestry sector and related fields. It specials tn forestry sector
planning, environmental management, industrial forestry mcludtng wood industries, land management including agriculture, and training for the entire sector. ORGUT undertakes assignments in various phases of projects, i.e. identification, design and preparation, appraisal, implementation, and evaluation.
ORGUT Consulting AB, the mother of the group, was established in 1973. The technical staff of the company are professional foresters, economists, sociologists, and agronomists. Together with the administrative staff, they are the owners of the shares in the company.
ORGUT Consulting AB was created in order to provide consulting serv ices in organizational development to institutions and enterprises in the forestry sector in Sweden. Soon, however, the company became engaged in international development co-operation within the forestry sector and in the broader area of rural development and land management. The company gradually expanded and was joined by specialists from various professions, all with experience from developing countries. Today, the main competence
of ORGUT lies m the organisation and management of development projects in rural areas the foresmy sector in particular. While most assignments are carried out in
regional d^velonmT't °^
GUT a,so has lon
regional development and organizational change in Sweden.
.       8 experience from forestry as well as from
mfiy to forX
Nt.twegiar,?fore
T iS a No™esia" “ Tr?
AS “ Ow"'d
company operating
* "Untldr of
h»Mer.       Orgu°       AThas       Srtea       OU?^'?'Oreu'       ConSUl,i"8           as           ‘       share
active in din >Une “Xfi
r
AMc bo. has afro been
1started operating tn the UK an 
rh Ajordjc Aid Agencies. Agrisystems (Eastern
K   tXTclXbed   in   Nairobi   in   1989   with   ±«   objnerive   of   providing   regions, support to projects in the area.
Since its foundation in 1979, Agrisystems’ expertise has progressively broadened from agricultural engineering to include a wide range of technical skills covering agricultural engineering, agricultural research, financial analysis, agronomy, land use planning, soil surveying, crop storage and processing, seed production, livestock development, agricultural credit, training, rural communications, extension, marketing, management, local manufacture of appropriate tools and equipment and rural structures. By 1994, the Agrisystems group of companies had carried out over 500 assignments. While most assignments have been in Africa, work has been carried out in over 100 countries on all continents of the world.
Agrisystems (Nordic) AB is a Swedish company, specialising in rural development, agricultural economics,  agricultural engineering,  and  cooperative management.  The company has mainly worked in a dozen countries in Eastern and Southern Africa.
BILEN AINI CONSULTANTS, finally, is a share company formed by returnee Eritrean d     RGUT Consu,tin8 AB- The competence of BILEN ATNT
rnMcVn ^AM^ c°
n
cnvS^I IS 1D thC ’"T °f agricultural a** ™ral development, land husbandry and 
ent X Th" eZ^Ja?
Organization of ^cultural and agro-industrial
The company has undertaken short term consultancies in:
Eritrea, spearheaded by "^"worlTfiS-ReC°Very and Rehabilitation Project for
- penalization of the reintegration and setdement of Eritrean refugees from rhe *   Participatory^rurTlppr a  aisai^ — 0De region in Eritrea;
Ppraisal for imga(cd crop productjon
- agro-industrial enterprises.
22. THE ORGUT GROUP AS AN
AGENT OF CHANGE
A
forestry and land use.
ORGUT’s major area of
is prol
 „
uoK self-reliant and sustained
proiKB in swcden “w'"as
abroad:
Integrated systems approach in forestry inductrial processing and market demand was KXtWoS:S SIAR (Scandinavian In. toe
of Administrative Research). Subsequently, the concept constituted the foundation for a posi graduate training programme given by ORGUT for managers in orcslry an °res industries of the Swedish National Forest Enterprise (DOMAN) and the Swedish State Forest Industry Corporation (ASSI). The integrated systems approach also was the con- ceptual basis for the establishment of the SIMS Department in the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in the 80’s. (SIMS is the acronym for Forests (Skog)-Industries- Market-Studies.) ORGUT maintains close cooperation with SIMS, for example in the annual five week high-level international training programme on ’’Management of Forests and Wood Industries". The concept also forms the basis for seminars for forest enterprises in Sweden and in other countries. Recently, seminars have also been carried out in Uganda and Chile. Additional regional seminars arc being planned.
The Integrated Systems Approach was developed in Sweden and Orgut has also been a consultant in developing the approach further and applying it for the Swedish forestry sector, where poor integration between forest operations and wood industries often leads to misuse of wood and consequently poor economic results.
Engaging iocal resources - Risback, Sweden
pan of
SUbsU"'ial fo"« ■» "unbent
^ill^ZreTwe^rov?
t0 a comP^y and to build a small
"as    established.    leasing    land    from    DOMANI    S    *aS.    fCaSib,e'    R^ack    company a-d on a combination of silviculture, logging, sawr^^^Xl^
Sweden85'   ,nStrument     for   regional   development   -   County   of   Vasterbotten,
—•“==s=t‘--js=ss a=„
3I. in u (xl, as well as accepting economic responsibility for
.,
Jevelopment of teehn.qt.es and methods
the result.
Strategies for forestry ^^'X'viet'Xc^society with its emphasis on transition to a
11 * nncoing transformation of the Vietnamese . y 
capital has put special
"oU and of the .Cations
man. land.J
demands  upon  the  Ministry  of  Fore  ry  .  ice^for    development  of  the  forestry 
implementing new policies, slralegi . P
Xr. Since 1993. an Orgut staff member has Wen engage ofFotesta within the project ’Re— o!f Snta.eg.ei. fwHeresy 
engaged as an advisor to the Minister
p^op^nf.
q(
During 1993, the project was              farTners The new methodology transfers most of the
strong and direct support for local and self-reliant development.
Industrial forestry as a driving force in local development - Botor Becho in Ethiopia A small forest industry complex consisting of a sawmill, a joinery, a parquet factory and a training ccnire was established at Botor Bcchu. It was based upon renovated machinery, with a steam engine producing the needed electrical energy. As the industry operated only in daytime, electricity was supplied during other hours for electric lighting in adjacent villages and for small-scale industries like grain mills. As the steam engine required purified water, clean water was also distributed to the villagers. Tn combination with the forest activities, the industrial complex became a driving force for development in the area Another significant outcome of the Botor Bcchu project concerns the environment. The forest management plan for Botor Bcchu identifies covers both plantation forest, natural forest and conservation forest, with the basic concept being "environmental protec
tion through production". 
Forestry for community development in Ethiopia - Tiro 
he Tiro project was started in 1976 as a component of the FAO "Forestry for Local szssxx7"7F,f ? '■
at the g.b Worid
r
~ ,n
U' c“ *’
e
Elhiopia
ORGUT developed a joint policy^ XJV'Wllf' D'veloP"wnt Authority of Ethiopia
of E™ an"“'ly T“» later Z„ ^rrCCSJ,U,i'u"  « >978 with an 
:
y '« also seXs aTa XX'
““
- 90-tion of
numbcy
‘ b“' f°  * 
r
Xt’o^X'^
4I3. long-term assignments
Tanzania (forestry and environment)
e- 1Q01 ORGUT is supporting the SIDA funded Forestry and Environment Programme XX OMT proves .echnical personnel on long and short tenns. procures
goods and provides managemenl support and technical backstopping-
The sector programme has a broad approach io improved land management involving central ministries as well as regional and local governments.
The National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) is a parastatal body which works under the direction of the Ministry of Tourism. Natural Resources and Environment (MTNRE). The NEMC Establishment Act gives it a wide range of responsibilities, covering policy, legislative overview, collection and systematization of scientific information as well as direct intervention in environmental management problems.
The consultancy support has focused on institution building including technical and management training, development of financial routines, documentation systems and a comprehensive environmental legislation. ORGUT has also assisted in the development of a National Conservation Strategy for Tanzania.
Forestry and Beekeeping Division
The Forestry and Beekeeping Division (FBD) of MTNRE has the overall responsibility of ensuring proper management and development of the forest sector in Tanzania. ORGUT has been involved in support (o the following projects:
Forestry planning. ORGUT has assisted in development of improved planning routines for the forestry sector.
"dX7eZ
CC deVCl r
Trem          Durins          199b1993          0RGUT          assisted       in       development       of
assessed and a comnreh               SUff ■” C0Unlry- The trainin
cssed and a comprehensive m-service training programme was developed.
g institutes were also
Astern fo^aX^XesT^ :riStCd “ lhC deve'°Pment of a cost-effective
deXXm oS?
DuHng l991’1993 ORGUT assisted in
n materials and training programmes for extension workers.
S
numbermo?X?ZjeI?s ^h\he^ m of
n
forestry. 
J lth aun oLf developtng self-supporting plantation
5
develoPcd proposals for aForestry training, 
service training in
ORGUT has assisted in developing workshop facilities and in technical level forest schools.
HADO                 . 
HADO is a nationalconserv  P J
covering severely eroded areas of D                 8              ORGUT has assisted the project tn Sg ^t^^a sustainable way. mainly through zero grazing
systems.
The R^ior^Forestry*Programme covers Arusha. Dodoma and Singida regions. It has
two components, extension for community forestry and natural forest.management ORGUThas supported the extension component with development of extension material, technical training and training in budgeting and planning. The component of natural forest management was started in 1992 with the aim to develop sustainable management systems for (he few remaining non-gazected natural forests in (he three regions. ORGUT has assisted the project in a number of forest inventories and socio-economic studies, development of forest management plans and development of management concepts.
Land Management Programme (LAMP) in Babati, Simanjiro and Kiteto
In Babali, the first district where the concept was tested, the Land Management Programme was initiated in 1989. The project was extended to Simanjiro and Kiteto in 1994.
The Land Management Programme is implemented by the local government, the district council, and is working on two parallel lines. First, the district council is being slimmed and strengthened through reorganisation, reduction of staff, improved tax collection, management training and development of improved planning mechanisms. Second, through tlte creation of ward extension teams, training in integrated extension and 
eselopment of demonstration facilities the programme is supporting improved land 
U nder the Forestry and Beekeeping Division,
a jon In past.  soil protection  was mainly 
^
na  mcn
^    t- Through the improvement of the administration, management and finance of
inve. * COUT l0Cal £°vernment « becoming able to improve services and 
investments in the district, thus creating a sustainable resource base in the district.
* prh ocurCement, tlrl aining a 1   tnd m y       SUanappOgert me,ont advi  the  ce.Programme     including     channelling of     ^ndI, p7o^ rcmem |raiS^ !t
forest Industry
however^
LnTanZania was phased out dunng 1994. During 1991-
Sawmill  and  1MARA  WoS  Products'Lid’'’iT'  Pr°Rraminc   covered  support  to  the  Rongai
responsibility for supnort to th^r a ° g
0RGUT had the overall
‘-elopmj of a p7oP
S7 ^“omS’ Pr°~1’
o
AgrtXm1989’’ °n8Oin8 (SCAPA)
■  P m ntation of the ^C^mtio^and T’T* 
m
|e
C
conservation and Agroforestry Project (SCAPA) in Arusha
and mana8cment support for the
6'Issue Paper", editing technical reports and drafting the Main Report from the Review. Since 1993. cooperation has continued in the form of a partnership with the Ministry of Forestry in the project “Renovation of Strategies for Forestry Development*, including the part-time assignment of an advisor to the Minister. The project searches for renewed strategies for forestry development and tests new approaches in the field, initially on a pilot scale. Methods for land allocation developed in this way have already been adopted for nation-wide replication (client: SIDA/Ministry of Forestry).
Zambia, Extension and Soil Conservation
Since mid-1994, ORGUT. through its subsidiary Agrisystems (Nordic) AB. is the major consultant in a regional agricultural development programme in Zambia: the Soil Conser vation and Agroforestry Extension (SCAFE) Programme. Through a resident group of advisors. ORGUT assists in promoting and cooordinating a programme of soil conservation, agroforestry, and rangeland development in smallholder farming areas. The company is providing advisor in the fields of range-land management, soil and waler conservation, and agroforestry. The assignment covers the following fields:
development of soil conservation, agroforestry, and pasture technologies and their integration into smallholder fanning systems:
strengthening of the capacity of the extension system, particularly through training
7Planning for and establishment of a national centre for community forestry and soil and water conservation at Mertu Lemariam in Mota Awraja (1984-1988).
In addition. ORGUT provided consultancy services, both on long-term contracts and as short-term specialists, to the Addis Ababa Fuelwood Project during 1984-1989 on a contract with the African Development Bank.
Ethiopia, Welo Province, Rural Development
During 1984-89 ORGUT was a consultant in a regional project for soil conservation and regional development in Welo. The project, as well as the services provided by ORGUT. covered most sub-sectors of agriculture, including animal husbandry and agroforestry but
ad !ts main emphasis on improved land use practices aiming at increased and sustainable production of food grains and other essential products.
Burkina Faso
8Nicaragua
ORGUT was entrusted the task to collect and analyze data for and to formulate land use
plans for two major watershed areas on the Pacific Coast of Nicaragua by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Nicaraguan Agency for Environmental Management (IRENA) during a period of 13 months in 1984-85.
India
ORGUT was involved in the Social Forestry Project in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu since it commenced operations in 1981 until 1990. Key staff have taken part in the project in short as well as long term assignments.
IGADD (Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Somalia. Sudan. Uganda)
94.  SELECTED CLIENTS
*    ADB (Asian Development Bank)
*    AfDB (African Development Bank)
*    BITS (Swedish Board for Investment and Technical Support)
*    FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)
*    FINNTDA (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland, Department of Foreign Aid) *    IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development)
*    ILO (International Labour Organization)
*    NORAD (Norwegian Agency for International Development) *    SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority)
UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)
UNSO (United Nations Sudano-Sahelian Organisation)
*    The World Bank
SUAS (Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences)
Swedish Red Cross Society and other Swedish NGOs
Regional Funds, Conwy Boards, and private companies in Sweden.r5.  SHORT-TERM CONSULTANCIES
nancies undertaken since 1980 by the ORGUT group of companies arc sh ort-term consu , ageSi listed under the following headings:
presented m the next
. Asriculrure. Rural Development
A A • rental Management, Land use
B  SSing and Institutional Development in Forestry
n Tree Cultivation and Forestry for Local Development
E Industrial Forestry and Wood Industries
A. AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Afghanistan, 1989
Preparation of proposals for reorganisation of agricultural activities supported by the Swedish Committee for Afghanistan and by the Agricultural Survey of Afghanistan so as to improve the war-ravaged agricultural economy (client: SIDA).
Afghanistan. 1991
Evaluation of the agricultural aspects of the rehabilitation programme for refugees returning to Paktia Province (client: Danish Committee for Aid to Afghan Refugees, DACCAR).
Afghanistan, 1992
Evaluation of the rehabilitation programme for refugees returning to Paktia Province (client: DACCAR).
Angola, 1987
Administration of seeds, tools, 'ion purposes (client: SIDA). '
and other agricultural inputs supplied for disaster preven-
Ecuador, 1991
marketing  (c^icru  ^AO) market'ng syslcms- and  Government intervention  in  agricultural
^aU|uaS? ?°
0
iD *a’ 1994
IFAD). grtcultural marketing and planning of continued project activities (client: ^rojea' 1992
E  . 
£‘lrr - !993
a
evc >opment of a
° n WitWn the fic,d of natural resources management (client: UNSO). P eject for reintegration of returning refugees (clientUjNDP).
111
AEthiopia. conservation at Alemaya University (client: S1DA). rTrr-—.i   aining >  ninCnSCJll
Ethiopia.irrjgation project in Western Welega (client: ETZ. Osijek. Preparatory
Croatia).
PDRI (client: Terra Nova).
Revie^of the marketing aspects of the project for Rehabilitation of Rural Storage Centres (client: UNDP/FAO).
Honduras, 1993
Proposal for reorientation of the project for Rehabilitation of Rural Storage Centres (client: UNDP/FAO).
Kenya, 1988
Evaluation of the National Rural Structures Programme (client: SIDA).
Kenya, 1991
Appraisal of a project in support of Farmer Training Centres (client: FINN1DA). Kyrgyz Republic, 1993
W^rld Ba°tJc)
S rT'^ate^ ® ’
ar
cu 'turc 35 part t
^  Agriculture Sector Strategy Mission (client:
ie
Mozambique, 1992
nt of training activities in four projects financed by Finland (client: FINNIDA). Somalia, 1990
ev «ew of a gram storage project (client: FINNIDA).
Pre0230-3’ 1984
titty study of the Rukwa Rural Development Programme. (Client: NORAD) Uganda, 1989
G *
SID A). lFansport study for the Uganda Cooperative Transport Union
12Uganda-
information systems for Uganda Cooperative Transport Union
Uganda. 1991. 1992-1994
and follow-up of the Uganda Soil Conservation and Agroforestry Project (client-
Evaluation of^thcVAO-assisted Horticultural Production Programme (client: UNDP).
Zambia. 1986
Evaluation of rural development projects (client: Ministry of Agriculture, Lusaka).
Zambia, 1987 
.
Planning and organisation of a mission identifying a programme for industrial support (client: SIDA).
Zambia. 1988
Preparation of manuals and teaching aids for in-service training of District Agricultural Engineers (client: SIDA).
Zambia, 1989
Implementing in-service training programmes for agricultural engineers (client: SIDA). Zambia, 1990 (a)
Planning of and backstopping for the prepration of a Project Document concerning assistance to the fertiliser sub-sector (client: FINN1DA).
Zambia, 1990 (b)
Review of achievements in agricultural engineering and economics as part of the mid-ti ev a uation of Luapula Rural Development Project (client: SIDA).
Zambia, 1991
tools and implements (client: SIDA).
Reparation of mf«Sta|tUS FUra^ &ra’n milling and oil seed processing followed by the anuals aand t  nd trraaini ining nr    ng prAogr (Tarimr-mrtmesa (rc flrie'lnt iant : S* AIDA \ ).
a  handbook on technology transfer and adoption (client: SIDA).
13V
-
I
I
►moo 1994 (annually)
!rnad0,,a s s on Applied Agricultural Engineering (client: SIDA). inter1
LeaditUJ
r
e
(nte
**/^‘issues
paper
rDat’
on     farm     energy     (diem:     SIDA). 
pevelopn*
01 01
international. 1992U993^                ^jjet "Small Scale Milling" (client: Stockholm Preparation and p
School of Environment).
g ENVIRONMENTAL management, land use
S^dy'of sod erosion at Lillie’s Farm Project, on farmland allocated to the African National Council (client: SIDA).
Angola, 1992
Environmental Status Quo Assessment (client: IUCN).
Eritrea, 1993
Preparation of the Eritrean Environmental Action Plan (client: UNDP).
Ethiopia, 1986
Environmental impact assessment of a hydropower project in Bale (client: SIDA).
Ethiopia, 1987
Development of guidelines for forestry and soil conservation in a disaster prevention pro ject in Welo (client: Ethiopian Red Cross).
Gambia, 1985
VNSO)al'°n 3 P °j
r
,nd ia. 1989 (client: ISO/
Swedforest Consortium).
ect  *and usc planning and environmental management (client:
Watcr harvesting plans for the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu State
MaS’ ‘
a
19911992
P °ject
r
as  u-eli  as  ad^^^  ^°atls^0^  Conservation  Project,  covering  coordination  of  the
01
e gional Soil Conservation^ * >’1.1990 
Evaluation
su PPorl and backstopping (client; SIDA’s
’
>*_
n
r w *th special lvaP“  Integrated Watershed Development Project', Team (T\
31 resP°™ity for the forestry part, (client: FAO)
14
j/Nepa’’ ?Review Mission, "Shivapuri Integrated Watershed Development Project’, Team Technical K ib|c for project strategy, budgets, target groups and general management
FA0’
SH^tiorTof the project "Restocking of the Gumbelt in Darfur" (client: UNSO).
.     J991-1992
Tanzan ’          , management support to soil conservation and flood control on eroded land Jll^tS to the Africal National Council (client: SIDA).
Uganda, 1993
Review of Norwegian Assistance to the Natural Resources Sector. Team Leader responsible for review of three ongoing projects and proposing continued support for the comming 5-10 years, (client: NORAD)
Zambia, 1990
Evaluation of the national soil conservation and agro-forestry extension programme (client: SIDA).
Regional, 1987-88
Assistance to SIDA’s Regional Soil Conservation Unit in Nairobi with planning, im plementation, and evaluation of soil conservation projects in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Zambia (client: SIDA).
Regional, 1988 89
Preparations of projects in the Zambezi river watershed to be financed from the Nordic countries (client: ZACPIAN/Jaakko Poyry).
c  SECTOR PLANNING AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FORESTRY
Angola, 1987
Assessing the ml
sector
^sessment (client: the World Bank). Angola, I99r
, P°tentials of the forestry sub-sector in the UNDP/IBRD energy
Training ProgranuncofV'rJ^d) °
f  reSt C0,'eEes in the SADCC Region (client: Forestry
SIDA)             model project and a national training centre for community forestry (cli-
Ac
15Ki AwrrtT rr-.-.EtbiOP’8
9
' ’ J go£g cooperation in forestry (client: Swedish University of Agricultural
n
ament
Agnc‘"*w;-’
□f Ethiopia) -
S people (client: FAO).
Development of a sectoral strategy and formulation of a detailed programme for energy and agro-forestry (client: SID A).
(client: Swedforest).
Laos, 1989
Review of policies on shifting cultivation and settlement (clients: FAO and SIDA).
Nicaragua, 1990
Preparation of continued Swedish cooperation with Nicaragua in the forestry sector (client: SIDA).
Norway, 1992
Preparation of Manual on Aerial Transport of Logs by Gravity, (client: Forindcco) Sierra Leone, 1987
FAO)ra,'OnS f°r esta*)’' ^
s
rncnt of a Forest Extension Unit for the Western Area (client:
Somalia, 1984-85
Assessing the             u
sector assess •  P°tentia^s of the
cessment (cl(icelntie:nt  ih^: the World Bank).
forestry 
sub-sector   in   the   UNDP/1BRD   energy 
Tanzania, 1988
n  of technical level training in forestry (client: SIDA).
forest Workers                CoPsu'tancies for Forestry Training Institute, Olmotonoyi and ng Centre, Rongai. (client: SIDA)
/Tanzania, 1992
Consultancy for preparing proposal for future d^v i Outre, Rongai. (client: SIDA)
ev elopmcnt at
wncers Training
Forestry).
Vietnam, 1990
Appraisal of an integrated regional forestry sector development programme (client:
SIDA).
Vietnam, 1992
Development of projects for external financing within the Vietnamese Forestry Action Plan (client: SIDA/Ministry of Forestry).
Vietnam, 1994
Development of strategies for forest-based rural development (client: Ministry of Forestry, Hanoi).
Zambia, 1986
Contribution to the national community forestry strategy (client: FAO) Zimbabwe, 1990
commission in Zimbabwe, (client: NORAD)
- t ____________ _ _____ ”--------
Regional, 1991 
. 
Improvement and strengthening of of forestry colleges m the Forestry Training Programme, National Board of Vocational raimno
n rC Region (die Finland).
Uni
LearfCrSlt
an international °f NatUral Res°urces and Sustainable Agriculture
y    Norway (AUv/r
of
pro 8ramrnc he,d at Agricultural
n ORAD)
social resoondk r VUitS tO Tanzania
re sp°nsibihfy for raRlra| res0Lrces mara|£m( m issucs (flienl:
> Ethiopia and Sri Lanka. Team
.
 /
17' v. _■
-VLTIVATION AND FORESTRY FOR LOCAL DEVELOPMENT
Bangladcsh'  ^^renaration  for  a  tree  husbandry  project  within  (he  framework  of  the Wen^ve RmaTwork Programme (client: NORAD).
Ban8lan7mJl9afforesUtion projects (client: FAO).
Design oi
^““"’orcoLun^ forestry project (client: ADB).
-Third Forestry Project" (client: FAO).
Botswana, 1985
Preparation of a fuel wood plantation project (client: NORAD)
.
Ethiopia, 1985
Formulation of a soil conservation and forestry programme for Arssi and Bale Regions (client: S1DA).
Ethiopia, 1986
Identification of projects in community forestry (client: ILO).
Ethiopia, 1992
Re-design of the Addis-Bah Forestry Development project (client: WAAS Associates Consultant Services, Addis Ababa).
Kenya, 1989
Ci •
plantera^rad) ' *‘skogen ’ a N GO-supportcd agroforcstry project (client: Sliftelsen Vi Ne pal, 1985
community forestry project (client: FAO/ Investment Centre). Ne Pal. 1990
18V.T   zania-  1988    Tanzanian-Swedish  cooperation  in  community  forestry  (client:  SIDA  md 
Evaluado” of
Natura  RcsoU
|        rces, and Tourism).
Ministry of ’
Thailand. 1989
^S^resuy (client: SIDA). Uganda. 1987 Preparation of a tour y sltogselskap).
$  supported by UNDP and Sweden in the field of forest national biomass inventory project (client: NORAD/Def norske
a regional project in forestry for local development (client: SIDA)
|Qgg
R^ewof past activities and identification of a new project in forest plantation and soil conservation (client:SIDA).
Vietnam, 1993
Study of smallholder forestry in coastal areas (client: CARE Vietnam).
Zimbabwe, 1990
Appraisal of possible Norwegian Support to the World Bank Forest Resources Management and Development Project 1991-1997 (client: NORAD)
Regional, 1988
Contribution to a SADCC energy seminar held in Blantyre, Malawi. Paper presented on Planning and Management of Fuelwood Projects" (client: NORAD)
International, 1984
(client*1  SIDA) *
1
10  S^A/FAO Programme in Forestry for Local Community Development
^p™jtli°na*’ 1985’86
University  r f
n
' nt^rnat‘onal  programme  "Forests,  Trees,  and  People"  (client:  Swedish 
for
 Agricultural Sciences).
RIAL FORESTRY AND WOOD INDUSTRIES
Imp'r’ 1994
Orcsl operations
and lie
P roicct based on Radiata pine plantations on integration between
wood
B
 H
P*   P °ject for processing of plantation-grown coniferous wood (client: Vy,-
1r
19based on pine plantations (client: BITS).
pre-study or * -
EthioP{a’            of a pilot project in forest management and sawmill development (client: SID*)
Malawi 1989
joint mid-term review of the Blantyre City Fuelwood Project (client: NORAD/Norwegian Forestry Society)
Malawi/SADCC, 1991
A study on proposals for technical reporting to the SADCCC Countries from the Blantyre Fuelwood Project, Malawi, (client: Forindeco/NORAD)
Mozambique, 1992-present
Support to training in forestry at Chimoio Agricultural College (client: The Forestry Training Programme of Finland/FTP/FINNIDA).
Norway, 1992
Preparation of a Manual on Aerial Transport of Logs by Gravity, (client: FORINDECO) Tanzania, 1980
Feasibility study for a sawmill complex in Mbeya (client: NORAD).
Tanzania, 1983
»on of the Sao Hill sawmill project (client: NORAD)
^nzania, 1983-84
filiation of the !<«
lhC log suppl* to a wood working industry in Tanga (client: FINNIDA). training at Morogoro 
20Tanza"'3-  1993    arket  oriented  forest  management  system  for  plantation  forests  (client: T                   of m3
SIDA).
Thailand. 1989
of a dendrothermal project (client: BITS).
Appraisal
(Chen.: SIDA).
D™ek>prncm of a proposal for cooperation in the field of plantation-based industrial forestry between Uruguay and Sweden (client: BITS).
Vietnam, 1987
Analysis of work organization and living conditions for forest workers in the Vinh Phu Pulp and Paper Mill Project (client: SIDA).
Vietnam, 1994
Case study on market-orientation of plantation forestry based on rubber wood (client: Ministry of Forestry, Hanoi).
Regional. 1984
^■alUa,i™fJ^C    F°rCStry    Trainin8   Programme   (FTP)   in   Kenya,   Zambia   and   Tanzania (client: FINNIDA).
International, annually since 1QRA
212.3          WAPCOS
Co,,UI b*>/Etio/941222SECTION 2.3
WATER AND POWER CONSULTANCY SERVICES (INDIA) LIMITED (WAPCOS)
.1                  BACKGROUND
During  the past four decades.  India has made phenomenal progress in  the development and  utilisation  of its water resources,  particularly  in  the fields of irrigated  agriculture,  hydropower,  flood  management and  water supply.  The irrigation  potential in  the country  has increased  from 22  million  hectares to  74 million  hectares; average annual addition  during  the past five years being more than  2  million  hectares; and  the total food  production  has gone up  from 50  million  tonnes to  over 170  million  tones.  Keeping  pace,  the power generating  capacity  increased  from 2000  MW to  about 59000  MW; the cunent annual rate of increase being  about 4500  MW.  This phenomenal progress in  the field  of irrigation,  agriculture and  power has been  achieved through  completion  of a large number of major multipurpose river valley projects as well as several large,  medium and  small irrigation  and  power schemes undertaken  throughout the country.  This manmoth  effort has inevitably  been  accompanied  by  corresponding  large growth  and  development of expertise and experience in the field of water resources development.
With  a view to  share this vast experience and  expertise with  other developing nations,  besides augmenting  the endeavours of provincial governments of Indian  dominion  and  to  develop  and  harness their water resources potential through  external assistance,  the Government of India set up  Water and  Power Consultancy Services (India) Limited i.e. WAPCOS in 1969.
2.2              ORGANISATION
WAPCOS,  a Government of India Undertaking,  is a well knit organisation with  specialised  functional core groups fully  equipped  to  provide comprehensive inter-disciplinary  coverage of all aspects of consultancy  in water and  power sector ranging  from planning  and  feasibility  studies,  detailed investigations and  designs to  construction,  operation,  maintenance and monitoring  stages of Project-wise,  basin-wise and  inter-basin  development of river valley  projects.  The specialised  functional core groups,  each  manned  by experts to  carry  out consultancy  assignments in  an  eflcient and  the best possible manner, are;
Survey Investigation and Construction Management Group Engineering Design Group
Computer Software Development and Support Group Irrigation and Agriculture Development Group
•Drainage and Flood Control Group
Ground Water Development Group
Water Supply and Sewerage System Group Environmental Engineering Group
Ports and Harbours and Inland Navigation Group Dam surveillance Group
Hydro/Thermal power Group
Power Transmission System group Human Resources Development Group
Besides its own  compliment of experienced  personnel,  WAPCOSh^ institutional backing  with  privilege to  draw upon  the appropriate imc expertise from its various reputed constituent units like :
6
Central electricit/Auto^H™ "' OMD);
‘ Central Water ^Uth(W (CEA);
Central Soil and MaSR^^
I
Research Station (CSMRS)
SUti°n (CWPRS):
InrT
Var el
sc
' y °f climatic tnnn Ot^er experts op these constituents, 
v
 . a and af)road in nj0re fh graptlic and socio-economic environme^ "-
c
S Us types of
three countries of Asia and.
have hPmentpr°jects have h 3nd des’8ns connected with *a!cr
bee n funded hv in,^^
Casuccessfu
have been funded by international agencies like the Unite for Aral’
^y completed. Many of
’ '-"’i
.              Nations. J
lik p (he United
2.3
Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Kuwait Fun Development and from local funds of respective coun
FIELDS OF SERVICES PROVIDED RESOURCES
Hydrological Studies. Hydrometeorological Studies. 
Dams and Reservoir Engineering/Storage Barrages/Headworks/Diversion works. 
...
n B*
<
i
y/orks-
f UX
$ cct2/Etio. bu,9412213
Flood Control and River Training Works. Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. Major Canalisation. 
e .
Minor Canalisation to serve various systems of irrigation supplies Modernisation of Existing Projects.
Water Supply (Rural and Urban) and distribution network including treatment plants.
Ground Water Exploration and Development.
Project Management.
Water Management at Institutional and Farm Level. Remote Regulation Control and Tele-transmission system. Water Resources Planning.
agricultural
Irrigated Agriculture.
Agriculture Soil Surveys and Analysis.
Water/Watershed Catchment Area Management.
Farm Management, Extension Programmes.
Agricultural Mechanisation.
Support Services.
Experimental Farms and Pilot Projects.
Land Preparation , Levelling
Arid Zone Farming.
Land Reclamation.
Command Area Development including on-farm and off-farm works.
Soil Conservation and Forestry.
Resettlement Plans for Transmigration.
Fisheries processing, Aquaculture engineering. Fishing Harbours and
Infrastructural      development.      Small      Scale      and      Artisanal      Fisheries      etc. Rural Institutional Planning and Development.
Livestock Studies.
Market Research including Socio-economic and Techno-economic
SURVEYS AND MAPPING
Topographical Surveys.
Reservoir and Command Area Surveys.
Hydrological, Hydrogeological Hydrometeorological, Geologicaland Resources survey/Investigations.
Strip and Alignment Surveys.
Hydrographic Surveys.
Geo-technical Investigations and analysis. Construction Materials, Drilling, Sampling and Testing.
SeCGyKdo ^*.'941221i
POWER
Hydropower Planning, Design and i
Mini-Hydro Power Planning, Desigiand Construction Supervision.
4
Thermal   Power   Planning,   Design 
Transmission.
Rural Electrification. Operation   and   maintenace. Management Services.
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Impact Assessment
Water Quality, related diseases Integrated Modelling
>—jn and Construction supervision 
and Construction supervision.
I
I
2.4
PORTS, HARBOURS & INLAND WATER TRANSPORT
Techno-economic Studies Investigations
Civil Engineering complex Infrastructural facilities
ALLIED FIELDS
Management Consultancy Services Infrastructures.
OF SERVICES
; •M°SJX^se<xielicsu'v'n
!
■
PlUK>'iaaPrM'ion methods.
■          £ri?“Ons        mK"8a“0°s'      coos<nrction      maeriai A P«-in»SXXy“T8rammc^ M'ytt.
£ ptq,ec' 
Hydrant forTnulating of short °Veral1 development of water res^'
i
surreys
and     »*•»’
- p“
lfZS,b'Iity studies and
ST*. ***»—.    . .
^ nvironmentana^S,S' 
^ at,on and power projects, aS
*>“ «*" and wafer <(
IM| « for dev i p^”
cO
ws  m
‘  ™ Panning repof^j. y* 
5
Detailed        designs        and        construction        drawings,        specifications,        tender documents and tender evalution.
Project evaluation and appraisal.
Construction Supervision and Management.
Inspection and Quality Surveillance.
Project planning and scheduling (PERT/CPM).
Planning of rural institutions.
Data acquisition and processing.
Operation and maintenance.
In-house (raining and transfer of technology.
Testing and development programmes.
Monitoring and control.
Institutional strengthening and project management.
Technical Assistance and Advisory Service.
Operational planning and preparation of manuals.
Human     resources     development,     on-job     training     programmes     ranging     from grass root technicians to senior level engineers.
2.5                CONSTITUENTS
Some     of     WAPCOS     constituents/working     units     of     significance     connected     with water resources development and planning are depicted on the following pages.
2.5. L CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION (CWC)
Central Water Commission is the premier engineering organisation of the Government of India in the field of water resources development, widi o 
1200 qualified and experienced engineers, technologists and scientists and o 2400 sub-professionals and other supporting staff, this organization han es various aspects of investigations, planning, designs, construction, opera o 
and maintenance of water resources development projects, besides provi
all necessary experts advice and guidance thereon. It undertakes pre-feasi ty and feasibility studies, investigations, preliminiary and detailed designs, preparation of technical specifications, tender documents and consuucuon drawings, as well as provides necessary supervision and guidance of e ectivc implementation of the projects relating to irrigation and drainage, dam an reservoir engineering hydro-power, flood control and reclamation, si tation studies, reservoir operations, irrigation planning, hydro-power planning, civi designs, besides other water utilisation schemes. Organisation-wise, it is patterned to suit the needs of specialisation in the concerned fields and ren er co-ordinated services. The Central Water Commission has also develop* expertise in activities like dam safety services, system engineering, app ication of remote sensing techniques, electronic data processing and analysis Individual and group training programmes in the water resources deve opn^c sector as well as refresher courses for serving engineers/scientist bo r
ndia and other developing countries are organised periodically. ver engineers and other have been trained in this organisation which inc u2.5.2
number of personnel from Afghanistan, Burma, irj Vietnam, Philippines and others. 
Central Electricity Authority (CEA)
Sudan, s :
r   r             Lank a
Central    Electricity    authority    is    the    premier    central    organisation    in    the sector,   which   has   the   comprehensive   expertise   built   up   in   the   last   four    dpP°*er in    this    country.    Having    worked    with    a    number    of    world’s    leading    engS* service   organisations   it   has   grown   in   knowhow   and   expertise   to   tackle   all
of  problems  relating  to  the  field  of  power  and  has  drawn  on  the  experience expertise    from    many    countries    through    associated    engineering    activities    and training   programmes.   With   over   1500   qualified   engineers   and   over   2500   other supporting   personnel,   this   organisation   is   fully   equipped   to   handle   all   aspects of    power    planning,    designs,    installation,    generation,    transmission,    distribution and     operation     and     maintenance     of     both     hydro     and     thermal     (including geo-thermal)       power       facilities.       Expertise       includes       project       implenienta“ tion-conccpt     to     operation,     investigations,     economic     evaluation,     detailing     of projects      including      designs,      specifications      etc.,      works      contracts,      project manaeement     commissioning     and     initial     operation,     quality     management     and research       and       development       Training       facilities       and       periodical       tracing Programmes    are    also    offered    for    senring    engineers    and    other    trainees    from India and abroad.
2.5.3 Geological Survey of India (GSR
The Geological Survey of India, originally established in 1851, was reconstituted and expanded subsequently to suit the needs of a developing economy. It is a specialised organisation for conducting applied researc , ‘e studies and investigations in this discipline.
Besides being the chief exploration agency of the Government
minerals (other than oil and atomic minerals). GS1 has U1 $ 
j
djvjs onS. 
specialised and experienced engineering geology and geo-p y . secter
The activities of GSI connected with water resources deve op 
include;
detailed      and      systematic      geological      investigation      and      mapping      ? areas including study of satellite imageries.
engineering geological investigations and studies of sites f°r structures like dams, barrages bridges, tunnels, power stations.ia(s, stations etc , with special reference to foundation, construction ^ff location and alignment of components for safety and stabm'. 
related geo-technical problems
geo-physical investigations, covering tests including se’srnlC
• ele^1
a d 
n
resistivny and other techniques for engineering —,,onS'
Scct2.Efio.bii. 941221■■
■■
7
r.        studies,        interpretation        of        data        connected        with        scismologica! ' phenomenon of project areas.
association with the preliminary planning of engineering projects. GSI
BC T wakes supervision and geo-technical control during the construction of
jor hydraulic structures and in the selection of construction materials
Survey of India (SOD
The survey  of India established  over 200  years ago,  is one of the premier survev  organisations of the world.  It is fully  geared  to  undertake any  type of terrestrial and  aerial surveys,  including  geodetic surveys,  photogrammetric control,  extension  and  plotting,  cartographic enhancement,  precision  printing, map  production  etc.  with  the most sophisticated  equipment,  know-how and experience gathered  over the years.  Some of the more significant services provided by the Survey of India are :
all geodetic control-horizontal and vertical;
all     topographic     control,     surveys,     mapping     and     production     of     topographic maps and aeronautical charts;
surveys for development projects:
surveys of land areas, large scale city surveys, preparation of guide maps
survey    and    mapping    of    difficult    areas    including    desens,    forests    and    hills; utility mapping of urban areas, including computerisation of the inputs.
Survey ot India has to its credit, surveys of over three million square
kilometers ot area. It has about 500 officers, 800 surveys and over 3500 other
categories of personnel needed for such works.
tra7n^UP/C>        Tra‘ning         ^^hite,      under      the      Survey      of      India      runs      a      variety      of production°UrSCS °n d’sc‘Plines connected with surveying and map
Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)
Established over 200
of the foremar • 
ago * Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). one
Government ace lnst,tutlons of ds kind  in  the world,  is the principal
statistics required^ entrusted  with  the task  of providing  meteorological
foremost meteor 1 
°f projects and providing current data and
*nsitiv
e
activhi         8lCaI             information              for         optimum         operation         of         weather
Phenomena like c $ ]
.'
n es
Unctions include warning against weather
, tablishjn„ an bi°nCS’ tO ^orecast cyclonic storms and to render guidance
is organisation ’^dtimentai network to detect and evaluate earthquakes, servatories all ov"*10!31*-5 30 exclus*ve network of over 489 surface weather
re ^ ,e°ro*°gical static^ and exerc*ses technical control over a number of Ord systematic arJJ5 e'ng maditained by the States and other agencies to 
regular observations relating to weather eiements like8
rainfall, pressure, temperature, wind etc. to detect and 
cyclones; to monitor cloud pictures and data from satellite Iraclc stOrms a
and record earthquakes and to issue forecasts of weather elem de,ect’ locate
This organisation is equipped with latest technology and eou 
electron
ic computers. 
P
mcnt i
ncluding
2.5.6
Central
 Ground Wate
r Board (CGWB)
The  Ce
ntral  Ground 
Water  Board  is  the
nation’s
apex 
body
fOr
surveys,
exploration, 
development   and   m
anagement
of
the
t>°o 
Pl ann
,
* ngi
2.5.7
This  organisation  under  the  Central  Ministry  of  Urban  Deve^°Prn^
resources of the country  including  shallow and  deep  well exT Water hydro-geological investigations,  quantification,  development and  usePofra,IOnS' water for irrigation  an  other needs.  This organisation  has three D^r°Und wings,  namely  the Hydro-Geological Wing  for systematic hydrogeological investigations at macrolevel including  surface geological reconnaissance studies (LANDSAT imageries),  preparation  of inventories and  measurement of water levels on  grids of observation  wells,  electric logging  of exploratory holes,  pump  tests to  determine acquifer charactristics,  specialised  studies for resources evalution  and  artifical recharge and  chemical testing  of ground water: the Drilling  Wing  to  do  exploratory  drilling  in  prospective areas and to  conduct detailed  assessment studies including  designs,  and  installation  of exploratory  and  observation  wells,  and  the Development wing  in-charge of planning  at the national level of the allocation of financial resources, assisting the states in  the formulation  and  scrutiny  of special project for ground  water development programmes all over the country  to  ensure their effective implementation.  This organisation  currently  has over 2,000  scientists and technicians operating through 30 field establishments spread over various types (such as rotary, percussion, down-the hole and combination types) and a so a. excellent maintenance, repair and on-job training facilities.
Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisa
(CPHEEO)
ent is
nnl n
with  the responsibility  at national level for planning,  Pr0^r^
r
j g  and t chn>ca* 
e
advising  various states and  Central agencies/organisations an ^0$  of w»tef
clearance,  monitoring  and  evalution  of plan  programmes in  die 1 joU$  Ac!S
out
2.5.8
supply and sewerage. It is also responsible for formulation o 
connected  with  public  health  services  in  the  country  and  for  a   s0 manuals on water supply treatment and sewerage and treatment Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
h coor^
Indian Council of Agricultural Research is the apex body   ^|
w
[ure, 
research, education and instruction in the fields of aSriC . husbandry and fisheries. ICAR is directly involved in resea^ |cjng 
a
institutes covering different aspects of agriculture and is under ‘ in fundamental and applied subjects. To deal with problem5
\
Sec^/Erjo.baa/94!22[
A-9
states,         regions universities as
O f     specific     locations,     it     operates     through     21     agricultural well as public, quasi-public and private institutions
4
2.5.9
Ccrablished   in   1920,   ICAR   has   experience   of   over   70   years   in   matters   relating aeronomy,     land     and     water     management,     agricultural     research,     agricultural
onomics      agricultural      extension      work,      marketing      etc      Field      studies      and research    are    being    continuously    earned    out    on    soil    characteristics,    agronomic nractices       tillage       methods,       water       requirements       of       crops       in       different Lro-climate        regions,        productivity,        plant        protection        methods,        irrigation techniques   and   other   allied   subjects.   The   council   has   a   large   number   of   highly specialised    experts    in    the    various    disciplines    such    as    agriculture,    soil    surveys, land     use     planning,     agronomy,     water     management,extension     work,     agricultural economics, agricultural engineering etc.
Central Water and Power Research Station (CWPRS)
This   hydraulic   research   station   founded   as   far   back   as   in   1961.   is   one   of   the foremost     organisations     in     the     world     in     the     field     of     hydraulic     and     allied research.     With     extensive     and     sophisticated     engineering     and     scientific     facilities, it    is    recognised    as    a    regional    laboratory    of    ESCAP    region.    CWPRS    provides specialised      services      in      river      and      canal      hydraulics,      coastal      engineering, materials      and      structures,      industrial      hydraulics,      environmental      studies,      field investigations,      instrumentation      and      data      processing      etc..      It      offers      training facilities    for    individuals    and    group    trainees    in    all    the    disciplines    handled    by it.     Several     Colombo     Plan     UNESCO     fellows     and     engineers     from     number     of developing countries have been trained in this Research Station.
I *
2.5.10         Central Soils and Materials Research Station (CSMRS)
This research station carries out detailed geotechnical and other sub-soil (foundation) explorations, construction material surveys, pre-irrigation soil studies, including all required field and laboratory testing, interpretation and 
^ 3S also 311 re9 *red scientific/engineering staff as well as
u
ieid/laboratory equipment in its research station. Some of its specialised mgs include those of Soils Mechanics and Rock Mechanics.
2-5.11
onal Research Institutions in Associated Fields
laborato^ 32  03110,131  scale research  establishments composing  national
stations lostltutlons> organisations and  regional laboratories with  80  field 
lechnolopiJ-d1 °Ver the countrY engaged  in  research  activities basic to 
Environin- t
vancement-
The fields covered amongst other ,nc uJ"
institutions?3 u  en8*neering,  Geophysics and  Oceanorgraphy.  Rescan* 
(NEERn  kjUC as ,lle National Environmental Engineering  Research  Institute
3  01131
^eo-physic^i ^
^ esearch        Institute        of        Oceanography        (NIO),        i        ationa^
utilisation      nr      eSearch         lostitute      (NGRI),      etc.,      are      oriented      towards      effect^
nuclei fo
r
resources for economic development, rhese are
ac *iviti« encJCa aboralory W land) transfer of technology Al NEEEL. . 
'Compass the field of environmentalengineering -tth  P
s
Kial
Bb *w»*l22l
f  J I. JIj
reference to air pollution control, air quality monitor' inventory, water chemistry and treatment, solid waste mana and and domestic waler treatment and disposal, rural sanitation i r? "
iicT
system including water supply engineering, water quality CnVir
6 1, indu5hi
° ni®cn '
i
quality modelling, network analysis and environmental im/ modc,ling.
P « analysj
a
s
1
Besides these, there arc research institutes set up by Irrigation D
most States of the country which are actively engaged in researc^" '™^
to river behaviour, hydraulics of control structures and allied probl'*”^ instance, the Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute (MERB^v
which was sept up in 1959 comprises thirteen research division t Hydrodynamics Divisions handle hydraulic model studies for spinJ’’
outlets, flood protection works, surge systems etc,, besides electrical anaT studies. The Soil Mechanics Divisions are entrusted with inspection calibration of quality control laboratories at sites of irrigation projects. Tm Environmental Engineering Research Division has evolved simplified method of treatment for rural water supply schemes and conducted biomass utilisation studies also. The Coastal Engineering Unit is studying problems of wave ar tidal actions for 16 minor sea ports. The instrumentation Division not only advises, inspects and procures instruments for major river valley projects hr also analyse data recorded by instruments already installed in vara
structures. There are other Engineering/Hydraulic Research Stations of tb type such as Uttar Pradesh Irrigation Research Institute, Roorkee; Karnaub Engineering Research Station, Mysore; Andhra Pradesh Engineering Laboratory', Himayatsagar etc.
2.5.12 Engineering/Agricultural Organisations of the State Governments
The Irrigation Departments, Agriculture Departments, Electricity Boards^^ State Governments and State Water Supply and Sewerage Boar • as
large number of engineers and agricultural scientists such as sm agronomists, agricultural economists and institutional
engineers/technologists. They have long experience in Planing’s construction of river valley projects covering hydraulic structur |jR
jol
barrages, regulators and'navigation locks; water
conve> anC
,    ^er3ge s)^
2.6
canals, tunnels, surge shafts and penstocks; water supply an se jtf including treatment facilities and power houses, transmit switchyards. Their experience also covers construction, plannin • procurement, installation, operation and maintenance 311 aV3jl3^ supervision, monitoring and quality control. Their experts 3 WAPCOS for assignments.
WAPCOS LINKS - INTERNATIONAL LEVEL A*n°S d"*'?' i""na,io"al scenario operates in o™
diverse Af"C“ R'e'°ns <JeP'«>ng versatility of '*’ork"'S
, es of
rl
'"cMe-Afghanrstan. Algeria. Bhutan. Burma. Ethiopia. Ftf ’ A
(JII
mmbodia.       Laos.       Malaysia.       Mauritius.       Nepal.       Nigeria.       Philippines. Iraq.       J-an       Korcaj           Singapore.       Sri       Lanka.       Solotnan       Islandj.       Tanzania Sam. Zambia and Zimbabwe
WAPCOS      is      also      registered      as      International      Consultants      with      several International agencies like:
African Development Bank/Fund
Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa.
Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development. Kuwait. Asian Development Bank.
Food and Agriculture Organisation.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. International fund for Agriculture development
Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development. United Nations Development Programme. United Nations Organisation.
World Health Organisation.
2.7             GENERAL
The WAPCOS experts who  are being  projected  have extensive experience as well as the required  technical knowhow to  undertake this work.  Because of the flexibility  to  choose and  field  the right type of experts available to WAPCOS our core group  of experts is in  a position  to  work  in  a coordinated manner in  respect of its various activities such  as collection  of data, inter-action  with  other agencies,  investigative and  analytical studies comprising  computerisation,  analysis of results etc.  in  order to  formulate a suitable approach  for development of the project conductive to  better system management and  optimum agricultural production  with  a view to  achieve the objectives of the study  defined  in  the Terms of Reference of the Invitation Document.
2.8
CONSULTANTS’ EXPERIENCE
assiZ thC PaSt 24  years> WAPCOS has completed  a large number of has snecT °n  r'VCf Valley Pr°jects within  India as well as abroad.  WAPCOS Drainage’ 'h*  sPecialised  in  Project Preparation  Report of Irrigation' other intpC emes to presented  for external assistance from World  Bank  and P^paratio^10031 ,agencies- Drainage Design,  EIA Report and  Project WAPCOS*' eP°n’s relevant example of this kind  A bird’s eye view ot
-    oversea^^®rience      and    profile    can    be    glanced    through    a    list    of    the    projects graphic     prese     D        ^nd.’a       so        ^ar        completed     by     WAPCOS.     which     also     gives
sentation of its organisation, constituents, spectrum of services etc.
s 'cc/t'>0 h
hw ^l22|12
Besides, a few of WAPCOS's major and significant assignment i water resources development in India and abroad arc briefly dcs° 'h ' by way of relevant experience although these were completed du hercin years. The list is only illustrative and not exhaustive. 
1. Sedawgyi Multipurpose Project ■ Burma
r Cld of
nne last fe* 
Location:  Located  in  the  dry  zone  of  central  Burma  adjacent
city in the Chungamagyi river basin.
Client:         Irrigation Department, Burma (Asian Development bank aid
project).
Description of the Project: An earthen storage dam (40 meter high) with 
concrete spillway, power dam, power house with an installed capacity of 25 
MW and canal systems downstream to irrigate a culturable command area of
51,400 ha out of which 5,700 ha will be irrigated by drawing water from the 1
Mandalay main canal and pumping it through three pumping stations into 
canal system; and for increasing water supply to the Mandalay city.
Scope of Senices:                Project review report comprising project proposal, preliminary    design,    cost    estimates,    construction    equipment    requirements, construction      facilities,      detailed      investigations,      detailed      designs      and specifications,   construction   supervision   and   training   of   Burmese   engineers. The  consultancy  of  this  project  also  includes  studies  on  cropping  pattern,  land development,  land  consolidation,  layout  and  design  of  model  pilot  areas  in canal  command  and  drainage  system  for  integrated  irrigation  and  agricultural development, operation and maintenance guidelines and manuals.
2. Khanabad Irrigation Project - Afghanistan
Location:  The  project  is  located  in  the  Khanabad  valley  in  the  Province Kunduz in the North Eastern Afghanistan.
I
for
Client:         Government of Afghanistan (aided by International Bank Reconstruction and Development).
Description of the Project: The project is a part of the Progra^ y b)'
for
c
modernisation of the existing irrigation system in the Khanaba
c( on
construction of a diversion weir across Khanabad river and cons
j  of
jif3
main and link canals with control structures for providing irrisatl°n
of 30,000 ha.
Scope of Services:              WAPCOS as Consultant carried ^jgns examination of the problems prevailing in the area, preparation o 
tender documents for the construction of a barrage and main 
bank and providing construction supervision. In addition to 
was   required   to   carry   out   feasibility   study   for   improving   irrigatlC and communication facilities over an area of 40,000 ha., w
dra^
Secr2/Etio.haa/94I22I13
■.Healed through a system of 14 canals taking out directly from lhc
' "  with *h  of temporary diversion arrangement meludmg 
r
and maintenance management.
e
0( „
3 (Jda Location- Client:
Walawe Project, Sri Lanka
The project is located on the Walawe river basin in Sri Lanka River Valley Development Board, Sri Lanka.
Description    of    the    Project:    Uda    Walawe    reservoir    with    a    live    storage    of 2   03,522   acre-feet   has   been   formed   on   the   completion   of   the   dam   in   1967, The    project    envisaged    land    development    for    irrigation    on    either    bank    of    the Walawe    river    excluding    the    south    central    part    of    the    river    basin    which    was already   developed   It   was   proposed   to   have   one   main   canal   each   on   either   bank to supply water to field for irrigating 81,000 ha.
Scope of Services:                       This includes review and evaluation of existing
irrigation,     drainage     and     road     system;     review     of     standards     of     design     for channels    and    structures    and    preparation    of    brief    specifications,    standards    and other     design     criteria,     preparation     of     efficient     layouts     for     irrigation,     drainage and    road    systems    to    be    constructed    with    special    emphasis    on    facilities    for efficient      water      distribution      systems      within      the      major      distribution      system; preparation    and    checking    of    detailed    design    for    irrigation,    drainage    and    road systems    and    related    structures,    preparation    of    detailed    designs    for    rehabilitation of    existing    irrigation    and    drainage    systems    as    far    as    required;    preparation    of manual/quidelines for O&M; iraining and supervision of Ceylonese engineers.
4. Amarah Irrigation and Drainage Project - Iraq.
Location; Amarah, in Lower Tigris river basin.
Client:             Ministry of Irrigation, Government of Iraq.
Description  of the Project: Project Components comprises diversion  barrages, irrigation  canal systems and  drainage systems for integrated  agriculu-re
evelopment for 218,000 ha in the Lower Tigris basin.
Scope ot Services:                        Installation, operation and maintenanve of eteorological stations in project area. Selection, installation, operation 
maintenance of 36 gauging stations, 35 gauge discharge stations, one su S  rement station and 8 water quality sampling stations. 
pS°nand eStabUstun nt of experimental plots of 30 ha. w.thmt the P™
Seip ?
e
ODerar- 3163 °f 1 '00° ha’ each *n three reg'ons Amarah P/^^non of
d   f thC exP^ntal plots for a per^d of one year and uUl^on ot these T °
farm m *CS the desi£ns °f irrigation system in the region i ar ^ management services. 
x14
Design of diversion structures; major and minor canalisatio 
area based on hydrological and agricultural studies carried out °f pr°j ct
c
tender documents with complete specifications, design of drai Preparati°nof
the project area. 
Preparation of a detailed plan, and manual for operation and ™ ■ the system. 
11326 system fOr
maintenance of
5.     Kifil Shinafiya Irrigation and        Drainage Project, Iraq (Planning stage) Location:     Euphrates river basin between the towns Kifil and Shinafiv
200 km south of Baghdad. 
Client; Ministry of Irrigation, Government of Iraq.
y  ’about
Description  of the Project:The works proposed  for the development of the project area comprises of five new barrages and  eleven  main  canal systems alongwith a drainage network which includes two evaporation basins as well.
Scope of Services:                Preparation of Interim Report including an overall
study  and  review of the reports and  other available data for finalising  the basis, general approach  and  methodology  of the Planning  Report comprising comprehensive studies on  design  criteria,  development works,  surveys and investigations,  techno-economic viability,  construction  programme,  hydro- geological investigations,  operation  of rice plot areas,  canal lining  and  design features,  crop  patterns,  equipment and  machinery,  communications,  O&M Management, cost estimates etc.
6. Kifil Shinafiya Irrigation &. Drainage Project, Phase U, Iraq
Location:  Euphrates  river  basin  between  the  towns  Kifil  and  Shinafiya,  ab 200 Km south of Baghdad.
Client:           Director General, Euphrates Centre for Studies and D* Baghdad, Iraq,
Description of the Project: The works proposed consists of
ne
'  jon and 
structures and Macro and Micro canalisation with proper irr^=
drainage for development of irrigation in Kifil Shinafiya Region
phic $ur^y$* 
Scope of Service:
It included hydrological surveys, topogra j   |tural
CU
soil surveys for development of Kifil Shinafiya Region. Studies o |gn
development, water use, 1
feasibility studies technical stu 1L n(S fof
...........  ^U,^isario»- drainability, drainage requirements, land suitability and re
irrigation studies and protection measures, macro and 
rn  cr
Ca -stat^
n
’  °nlpj g stal'° il
o
gravity irrigation and drainage system with necessary Pu 
(wherever required),  with  due consideration  to  prevalent t- mechanics and  foundation  engineering  for structure sites, hydraulic designs of all river diversion and canal structures,
50
i^ir *
nib j
I
Sect2/Erio.b.u/94I221st estimates of each  canal and  documents for each  structure and quantity  and  cos m data communication  & remote control and  structural tele-transntission^) components and  also  rendering  technical assistance and 
designs of van 
advisor serv,C“
cljent
First Mindanao Irrigation Studies. Philippines.
Location: Mindanao Islands. Philippines.
National Irrigation Administration, Philippines and Asian 
Client development Bank.
nf the Project: The Study covered four high priority projects for
provSirrigation water to about 60,000 ha. The projects included are:
^rnnd    Davao    del    Norte    Irrigation    Project    comprising    a    package    of    irrigation system from Libuganoh river (10,500 ha.)
Tago  River Irrigation  Project aimed  at irrigating  about 21,000  ha.  and comprises diversion  dams and  canals system for utilisation  of Allah  river flows.
Second Augusan Irrigation Project for providing irrigation to about 8,000 ha.
Scope of Services:                      WAPCOS provided services for complete feasibility studies for these four high priority projects. Besides planning for the usual irrigation and related facilities, studies also covered problems of flood, 
drainage congestion, inadequacy of river flows, large scale sedimentation, so conservation, watershed management, bank erosion, water tossed in tana s, water borne diseases, inadequacy of rural infrastructures, cropping pattern, highly inadequate communication system, agricultural practices an 
socio-economic aspects, and operation and maintenance guidelines.
The reports of all the project submitted were  PP ^' -
ar
5
, . ,wc a DB and lpr oaovi n ded
were sanctioned for early implementation. WArv ,pr<ion structures, 
services of experts to NIA for review of final design o tv \
£n( ers an
j      d 
canal systems, preparation of tender documents, evaluation supervision of construction for these high priority projects.
8 Second Mindanao Irrigation Studies, Philippines
Location:
Mindanao Island, Philippines.
Client:
Dpt' ? ' development Bank.
Priority
0 3 ligation  Administration,  Philippines and  Asian 
scope of services covers planning, Pnorily project. 3nd PreParation of feasibility reports for these Ing 
ovenng irrigation, flood cqntrol, drainage, agriculture an
^2116
socio-economic aspects and training of NIA engineers
9.    Transmigration Settlement Development Project - Indonesia
Location: Outer Island of Indonesia
Client: Directorate General, Transmigration, Indonesia
Description     of     the     project:     The     project     aims     at     development     Of transmigration   areas   in   outer   island   of   indonesia   to   reduce   the   nr   ? population on the mainland of Java.
11
of
Scope of Services:                 Advisory services of four land surveyors to direct and supervise  the  team  of  consultants  engaged  in  agriculture  and  land  development in    the    project    areas    for    the    study    of    land    reclamation,    rehabilitation conservation,    consolidation,    land    settlement,    socio-economic    surveys,    patterns of     agricultural     practices,     water     requirement     for     crops,     land     capability irrigability,   salinity,   flooding   and   drainage   need,   locating   sites   for   installation of    meteorological    and    hydrological    stations,    siting    of    canals    and    other structures.
10.   Dhangrahi Ground Water Project - Nepal
Location: Western Nepal
Client:           Irrigation Department, H.M.G. of Nepal.
Description   of   the   Project:   The   project   envisages   irrigation   of   a   net   CCA   of 8600 ha by development of ground water in the Terai region of Nepal.
Scope of Services:                 Field surveys, office studies and preparation^ feasibility report covering topographical surveys, ground water resources, and agriculture, irrigation and drainage, agro-economy. recommendauor^^ social and institutional aspects of implementation. Communication an e
,
i
power, long duration of pump test, step drawdown tests, providing water distribution system, construction materials, cost and time sc e operation and maintenance of schemes and provision of in-service tra counterpart personnel.
11.     Upper Mamu River Project-Nigeria
Location: Anambra State, Nigeria
Client:           Anambra - Imo River Basin Development Authority
• o 44.00° h3
Description of the Project: The works involved studies coverl^ j desi?
(
n ol
area in the upper reaches of the Mamu river basin and planning, > irrigation and drainage development of an area of about 10,00
Sc c c2 Trio. b j .t/94! 2 2117
The    feasibility    studies    include    studies    of    agronomy, Scope    of    ScrVICC5water    management,    soil    and    land    use    survey    and    mapping’, agro-cconomieJ'.        .Qn            tlood        control,        irrigation,        drainage,        socio-economic
soil      and      land 
cn
°        besjdes      engineering      designs,      preparation      of      technical
and  other asPec lender documents etc.  It also  includes collection  of
specifications an  hment of geological and  gauging  stations in  the river
available data, es
system and  me g
mcnt co
organisation ot m. 
ca( stations in thc Mamu reserve forest area,
/  |iection      of      ground      water      data      at      number      of surveys to assess geological conditions in the project
S, ™C“re "C
’7 Agusan del SUR Inigadon Project - Philippines
Location: Mindanao Island. Philippines.
Client:             National Irrigation Administration (NIA) Philippines
Description  of the Project: The project envisaged  construction  of two  separate gravity  systems along  the Andaman  (5500  hectares) and  Simulao  (3200 hectares) rivers comprising  diversion  structures.  657  km irrigation  channel, 595 km drainage channel and land clearing of 2120 ha.
Scope of Services:                       Review of designs of diversion structure, canals, canal
structures,  drainage system and  all other allied  works; preparation  of tender document for construction  equipment,  bid  evaluation,  contract award  procedure and  supervision  of construction  of irrigation  and  drainage facilities including service road  and  land  clearing,  establishment of two  pilot demonstration  farms, strengthening  of agricultural extension  services and  fanners’ training  and  other supporting services such as farm equipment, marketing facilities etc.
13.   Kirindi Oya Irrigation and Settlement project - Sri I-anka Location: Hambantola, Sri Lanka
Client:
Irrigation Department, Govt, of Sri Lanka.
Description  of the Project; The project comprises an  ear gencraUon high  of and  4800m long  to  irrigate 13,000  ha of an  •  and canal structure, hydropower,  construction  of a 100m long  spillway,  cana .  _ann famil'eS in clearing  and  terracing  of new farm lands and  sett etn  .ncrease agricultwa
new hamlets and villages. The project is an attempt production, save foreign exchange, generate employm additional land potential under irrigated farming-
tial  and bring
n
S "QZE|18
Scope of Services:                  Review of designs, evaluation of tend
of equipment,  evaluation  of proposals and  programmes f
or
f °r       suPPly 
workshop,  recruitment and  training  of operation  and  maint/n"'"^ UP fleld construction  equipment.  Services also  include geological hvd  T”-*  Staff for investigations and  studies and  supervision  of construction  ofW8^31  ands°il
inc project.
14.   Pre-Feasibility study of Agriculture Project - Ethiopia
Location: North East and North West Sector Projects
Client:           Government of Ethiopia
Description    of    the    Project:    The    project    aimed    at    providing    the    services   ' multi-disciplinary   team   of   four   senior   level   experts   for   making   the   studies   ° different engineering and agricultural fields.
Scope of Services:                 To study dry land fanning, minor irrigation
conjunctive use of ground  and  surface water for optimum utilisation,  support services for agriculture and  live stock  development.  Preparation  of feasibility reports covering  short and  long  term agricultural plan  and  to  safeguard  against the repeated  drought conditions prevailing  in  the country.  The job  was carried out with  active involvement of the local engineers and  professionals of water Resources Development Authority (WRDA).
15.     WRDA   Phase   -   I   Project,   Ethiopia   under   ITEC   programme   of   Govt,   of India.
Location: Ethiopia
Client:           Water Resources Development Authority (WRDA), 
Ababa.
Scope of Services:                  WAPCOS prepared design report of two pn^ projects, namely - Ejersa and Sewir with the aim of trans enng technology to WRDA counterparts. Also made detailed review o appraisal of reports for about 16 ongoing and new schemes un^ (0 s(3ft programme of development. Prepared manual for preparatory
the project.
Studied  and  gave advice on  specific problems in  o^gon^
e
irrigation schemes and one water supply scheme). Review' o 
of WRDA in the fields of (a) Water Resources Deslg"en( in
P capabil>ic5
p rojeL‘
Construction Supervision (c) Project Operation and Manage  j w io 
ve
and made recommendation for strengthening the *   '    "  j gui^
nbt tutl0                    irtf
re(                  (
transfer the technology to Ethiopian conterparts WAPCOS P ^ p oS
r
AC
on various items of differents civil engineering works an 
incC
c ng !. '
delivered lectures on about 8 occasions covering various
-A
aspects.
Scct27£uo.bai/94122119
submitted n Irrigation project w
nreliminary design report of the Ejersa Irrigation project was submitted WRDA in September 1989 in 6 volumes where as detailed repun was
,0 ^hted in March 1990. Similarly Preliminary Design Report of lhe Sewjr
submittcd to WRDA in March 1990.
l6 wRDA Phase-II Project. Ethiopia Under ITEC programme of Govt, of
India.
Location: Ethiopia
Client:            Water Resources Development Authority (WRDA). Addis Ababa
Scope of Services:                     Preparation of comprehensive design report for Ejersa
and    Sewire    Irrigation    Project    which    includes    detailed    design,    preparation    of bill of quantities, tender documents, economic and project evaluation
17.       Preliminary     Water     Resources     Development     Master     Plan     for     Ethiopia (EVDSA) under ITEC programme of Govt, of India.
Location: Ethiopia
Client:            Ethiopian Valleys Development Studies Authority (EVDSA). Addis Ababa.
Scope of Services:                     Prepared final report of Water Master Plan for Ethiopia in 10 volumes. The report covered all the major basins and identified (a) 61 major irrigation schemes having a potential of 3.27 million ha (b) 26 medium irrigation schemes having a potential of 0.18 million ha (c) large number of minor irrigation schemes for a potential of 0.18 million ha.
-conomic matrix was formulated giving prioritisation of implementation. 18.  Chandra Canal Project, Nepal.
Location: Nepal (Kosi Barrage)
Irrigation Deptt., HMG of Nepal
Sc ope of Services:
Review and  analysis of existing  data contour survey, strip  survey  along  the canal alignments, planning  ot micro  water distribution  system, layout planning  with due consideration  to  environmental protection  and specialities, detailed  hydraulic designs, agronomical studies, preparation  of technical specification  and tender documents for construction.20
19.  Technical Assistance through an Irrigation Advisor, Mauritius Client:         Govt, of Mauritius.
Description  of the Project: Technical assistance to  Mauritius on  irri >
providing the services of an irrigation Advisor.
s 10n
Scope of Services:             Rendering advisory assistance on water res.
surveys,   appraisal,   planning,   feasibility   and   technical   studies,   engineering hydraulic  studies,  water  suitability  and  requirements  for  irrigation  ooe?    r
and  maintenace  of  irrigation  systems  and  design  of  irrigation  and networks etc.
20.   North-West Drainage Project - India Location: States of Punjab. Haryana and Rajasthan. Client:         Govt of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.
drainage
Description  of  the  Project:  Study  on  drainage  aspects  in  North-West  India Covering the states of Punjab, (South-West) Haryana and Rajasthan (North).
Scope of Services:
a)      Clear and total perception of the present problem relating to waterlogging and soil salinization due to absence of appropriate drainage works.
b)     Estimation and identification of the areas under current and potential risk.
c)          Identifying     measures     to     evacuate     the     drainable     surplus     to reactivate  the  lands  which  have  gone  out  of  cultivation  as  well  as  10
conserve  those  which  are  likely  to  be  affected  in  the  absence  of  an efficient drainage network.
d)     Providing feasible solutions for disposal of surplus surface and sub-surface waters including possibilities of reuse in the present a future perspective.
i)
ii)
improvement of surface a,,;
Measures for reduction
suitable croDDino < * recharge to groundwater including
in the arca‘
irrigation.
Use or suXV
L for
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
S On
Saggar drainage flood plain for
bo arfcred.
with surface
e ^uent> either as raw effluent or
blending with the
w hhin the irrigation systems M
imgation
SUrfaCC
Water ^ion supply for reuse tor
with  surfaceSwa
? ndW3Ier
effluent>   e*ther    as  raw  effluent  orffl^
Disposal of Jou d
nin '°ff’ t0
Ihe and and Yamuna ri^
Saggar
— * the
Sect2/Etio bn/94i22121
Rajasthan from where it could be diverted for irrigation 
Disposal of groundwater effluent at evaporation sinks.
Evacuation   of   saline   ground   water   effluent   to   the   sea   through   an artificial channel located within India.
• x)      Combinations    of    the    above    and    other    schemes    conceived    by    the ' ’ Consultant for disposal of drainage effluent.
2I .           Maharashtra Composite Irrigation Project.
Location: Maharashtra. India
Client:            Government of Maharashtra, World Bank. FAO/CP
Description of the Project: The study covers six major irrigation projects in 
Maharashtra comprising 12 storage dams and vast canal network system for
g                   development of irrigated agriculture for an area of 620,000 ha
Scope of Services:                    WAPCOS was responsible for preparation of
feasibility-cum-appraisal reports for the projects. The studies involved  a comprehensive irrigation  sector review of the existing  irrigation  projects in the State with  the objective of identifying  deficiencies and  developing  specific recommendations for planning, design, construction, operation  and  maintenace of the six  projects and  covered  hydrology, sedimentation, water management, conveyance and  distribution  systems, cropping  pattern, agricultural practices, agro-economic and  socio-economics, training  and  extension  for comprehensive irrigated  agricultural and  socio-economic development of the command  area of the six projects.
22.   Madhya Pradesh Composite Irrigation Project.
l ocation: Mahanadi ri •
•     --
---------- river basin, Madhya Pradesh, India
5
Client:
Government of Madhya Pradesh and World Bank
•rriaatio10n                 °           ^e.Pr°ject:                 The           study           covered           four           major
664 
n  CUm’agricukural          Projects      in      Madhya      Pradesh      for      development      of
000  h
canal systems^ COmP ’
r
se st°rage dams, diversion works and vast network of
Scope of Sptv'
of feasibilitJ?'0651 The responsibility  of WAPCOS was for preparation c °mprehensivCUrn 3PPra*Sa' rePon the project including  O&M manuals or c °mmand area lrri^ate<^ 8 icultural and socio economic development Jl1 c
ar
Subernarekha Irrigation Project
Ben  ?
er
arekha river basin '» state of Bihar, Orissa and West
“engal, India.
V22
Client:           State Governments of Bihar. Orissa and West Beneil t World Bank. FAO/CP.
Description of the Project: This is an inter-state multipurpose project inv construction of two large and several small reservoirs and vast canal V'ng systems of inter-alia irrigation of an area of 260.000 ha.
Scope of Services:                 The responsibility of WAPCOS was to prepa feasibility-cum-appraisal report of the project and covers studies in hydr 7 sedimentation, waler management, conveyance and distribution sys^’ cropping pattern, agricultural practices, agro-economics, socio-economS training and extension, operation and management etc. for comprehensiv irrigated agricultural development of the command area.
24. Uttar Pradesh Upper Ganga Canal Modernisation Project. Location: Uttar Pradesh, India
Client:           Government of Uttar Pradesh, World Bank, FAO/CP.
’ nd,a and
neiw°rt:
i
$
I
Description  of  the  Project:  The  Upper  Ganga  Canal  System  is  over  100  years old and covers a culturable command area of 1.46 M ha.
Scope of Services:                The responsibility of WAPCOS was for preparation
of feasibility-cum-appraisal report for modernisation  of this system. The study also  involves system analysis approach  for integrated/conjuncuve use of ground and  surface waters for optimum benefits and  for modernising  and  developing effective and economically sound irrigated crop production practices.
25. Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojana.
Location: Rajasthan, India
Client:           Government of Rajashtan, India
Description of the Project: In 1976, WAPCOS prepared the Feasibll‘^Sn and had established the techno-economic feasibility of the five Ii 1 1 in schemes of Indira Gandhi Nahar Project. Presently WAPCOS is eI* preparation of Feasibility Report of IGNP Stage-ll and sun aspCC(5 of WAPCOS is also conducting seven planning studies on different a IGNP, Stage-II.
FEASIBILITY REPORT FOR IGNP STAGE-II
Description   of   the   Project:   The   Indira   Gandhi   Nahar   Project been conceived to utilise the surplus water of the eastern rivers
namely  the  Sutlej,  the  Beas  and  the  Ravi.  The  project  features  in km long barrage at Harike and a vast canal of 204 kin in leng
3..
Scot?/ E: io. baa/94122 Jlin ed cana
23
ml of 189  km designed  for a discharge of 524  cumecs for providing 
|n (he drOUght pronc areas of Raja^
a
irr,£aU|eveiopmcnt of (his project an  additional area of 1.012  Mha has been 
StagC hr under irrigation  by  extending  the mam lined  canal by  another 256  km
br0U%", a discharge of 282  cumecs. Besides the main  canal, the project has
to  carry  . ^ast net.work  of branch  canals, distributaries, minors and  water
alS ° es
s          comprising 
of   about   5115   km.   The   project   has   been   divided   into   two 
C °UrS for convenience of planning, construction  and  administrative control. Sttged  of the project has already  been  completed  and  works on  Stage-II are in progress.
WAPCOS have been  retained  by  the Govt, of Rajashtan  as Consultants for preparing  a Feasibility  Report for integrated  development of the area and  make recommendations for constructions of the project in  a phased  manner so  that time gap  between  creation  of irrigation  potential and  its utilisation  can  be kept to  a minimum. The Feasibility  Report will be prepared  with  the object of providing  irrigation  facilities on  improved  standards and  practices in  the design, construction  and  operation  so  as to  maximise agricultural production in the region commanded by the project.
Scope of Services:                    The Services included sectoral review of irrigation,
drainage, agriculture, and  socio-economic aspects, land-irrigabilitv classification, land  use planning, climatic analysis, ground  water characteristics, drainage measures, conjunctive use of water, field  efficiency and  losses, accurate water requirement, water balance studies, effect of number of watering  on  crop  yields, cropping  pattern  and  crop  calendar, crop budgeting, cost recovery. Scope of animal husbandry, energy  requirement for lift schemes, tele-transmission  system, colonisation  policy, command  area development works, phased  construction  programme and  requirement of funds, operation  and  maintenace monitoring  of project, its evaluation  and  preparation w Feas’bility  Report covering  all these aspects for seeking  financial aid  from
or d Bank/External Funding Agency by Govt, of Rajasthan.
OtS PLANNING STUDIES FOR IGNP STAGE-II
i)
Agro-meteorologica] Studies in IGNP Stage-II
and W°r^ involvcd preparation of meteorological maps of IGNP Stage-II j ? sub-divide the command into different meteorological zones,
of
Setting'UP new agro-meteorological stations and the mode.
outlined^100 data an^ transmission to a central location was als0
y icinitv 'r rePort- Availability of agro-meteorological data to the
aerienL °. the COrnmand would help the farmers in planning their
^•cultural practices in a better manner.
ii)      ^-On
The VSmd2Ce L°SS and 0±er Engineering  Studies of Conveyance System The studv  C?V^rs tbe bosses of lined  and  unlined  canals due to  seepage^
c arryi p 
n
local systerr> covering typical case studies on channtl
the     basis     Sc^r§es       ranging     from     50     cusecs     to     2000     cusecs, existing conveyance system^ estimation of evaporation osS •
t*24
suitability of various lining methods, and priority of lining fOr conveyance system have been outlined in the study. “ °F effie'ent
iii)    Drainage Studies for Possibility of Ponding Depressions Wm Water
lUl Canal
The   study   includes   the   ways   of   utilisation   of   water   going   waste   h Harikc    barrage    and    to     augment    the     availability    of     water    i*     -~°W
command, so  as to  have flexibility  with  the system with 
provision  for enhancing  water availability  during  the lean 
non-monsoon  months. Identification  and  development of
depressions, estimation  and  projection  of development of
depressions, estimation  and  projection  of requirement of
iGNp 
a feasible
Period of
quantification  of water that can  be drawn  in  monsoon  months, integration of layout of escapes etc. for optimum utilisation  of water have beer, studied
iv)    Conveyance System Design Parameters
The study  will provide economic and  optimal design  after incorporating  past experiences and  various remedial measures which  have been  identified  for the reduction  of conveyance losses. This will help  not only  in  improving  the durability  of the system but will also  help  in  making  the system more efficient The study  report will also  help  in  facilitating  smooth  regulation  and distribution  of water. The operation  and  maintenance costs will also  be reduced.
v)      Crop Yield Studies of IGNP Stage-II
The   study   involves   the   analysis   of   various   parameters   of   the   IGNP   Stage-II command   and   to   suggest   the   crop   that   are   most   suitable   to   be   grown   in   this region   including   the   package   of   practices   that   should   be   followed   to   get   the optimal    yield    for    this    region.    Locations    of    the    experimental    stations    to    e set-up   inside   the   command   were   also   indicated   alongwith   the   list   ot   various experiments   that   would   be   carried   out   based   on   which   advice   could   be   go’-j to    the    farmers    in    the    field    for    improving    the    agricultural    practices consequence increase in production of crops.
vi)     Pilot Scheme on Sewan grass for Scientific Development of A
Husbandry
Sewan grass grows naturally in a considerable area under the conun
IGNP. The study  envisages to  collect data regarding  the behavl^jn anin'31 grass under irrigated  conditions and  io  the extent it can  su  wC(.n die
natural
natural
water.
husbandry in this region. The study also envisages a comparison 
th31
benefits    that    sewan    grass    under    irrigated    conditions    vis-a-vis,    e      s      woU|J
acerue from field crops grown in this area instead of Sewan 
help   the   authorities   to  take   a   decision   regarding  the   land  use  o under naturally growing Sewan grass.
jr ea n°*
X
Secc2/Euo.baa/941221The studies have brought out the likely positive and negative impacts Of
rieation development on the ecology and envtronment of the command area
f IGNP stage-II with regard to the main environmental and ecological
°Lponents of land, water, plants, animals and man Wherease. there may be
Hkelihood of the appearance of adverse impacts in the form of waterlogging.
Iinitv and alkalinity, soil erosion, sedimentation, land, water and atmospheric
dilution and destruction of flora and fauna, the positive impact would he self
sufficiency/surpluses in food grains and other agricultural produce resulting in 
higher income and improvement in living standards, favorable changes in 
micro-climate, afforestation and arrest of desertification.
26 I-ift Irrigation Scheme & Medium Irrigation Projects.
Location: Rajasthan. India.
Client:            Government of Rajasthan, India
Description   of   Project:   Semi-detailed   soil   survey   for   evaluating   land   suitability for   irrigation    of   lift   irrigation   projects   and   30   medium   irrigation   projects   in Rajasthan.    The    principal    objective    of    the    study    was    to    evaluate    the    land suitability    for    irrigated    agriculture    of    0.15    Mha    area    of    four    lift    irrigation projects   of   Eastern   Rajasthan   and   also   of   30   medium   irrigation   schemes   of   the state.
Scope of Services:                    Services included field soil survey studies using auger
hole, soil profile examination, laboratory  analysis of soil samples, interpretation  of LAND SAT imageries and  aerial photographs, determination of physical, chemical and  hydraulic soil properties. The field  work  also included  the soil fertility  evaluation. Land  suitability  was evaluated  using modem comprehensive FAO approach.
27. Remedial Measures Projects (Phase-I) to Indira Gandhi .Main Canal, Rajasthan (Joint venture with M/s. SANYU Consultants Inc. Japan).
Location: Rajasthan, India
Government of Rajasthan, India
P of Services:
e
The scope of services included
moval of aquatic weeds in the main canal-26
Scope of services:
It included carrying out
geo-technical   and   hydraulic   investigation   and   field samples for complete understanding of problems
a11      essential
trials,   testing 
of
Sli
surveys
—
1
measures.  It  also  included  preparation  of  final  designs,  specifi-  • estimates  and  economic  analysis  of  remedial  measures  to  minimiseT5’  C°M water  from  the  main  canal  and  restoring  hydraulic  efficiency  of  canal  °°Se   °f prevcntion/control   of   deposition   of   wind   blown   sand   and   growth   \thr“Ugh
~ r---------------- - f°r adequate rpn
weeds.
28. Chambal River Basin Development Project
Location: Chambal river basin adjoining states of Madhya Pradesh
° aclUat>c
Rajashtan, India.
and
Client:
State Governmen
t of Rajasthan a
nd Ma
dhya Prades
h.
Description 
of  the  Project:
The  Chambal
river
basin  has
been  developed  in 
four stages as listed below:
Stage-I:        Covered construction of a 63.70m high masonry gravity dam
(Gandhi  Sagar  Dam)  for  storage  of  7,745.94  million  cu  meter  of  water  and  a power station for generating 115 MW.
Stage-II. Consists of a 58  m high  masonry  dam (Rana Pratap  Sagar Dam) located  at 56.3  Km downstream of Gandhi Sagar Dam with  a storage capacity of 1,566.46  million  cu  meter and  a power station  with  a generating  capacity of 272 MW.
Stage-Ill:  Comprises  of  a  36  m  high  concrete  power  dam  for  generation  of 99 MW of power.
Stage-IV: Consists of a barrage at Kota which picks up the release r0^^r above storage dams and diverts the waters into turn canal system on banks for irrigation to a total area of 558,000 ha. in the states ot Rajast a Madhya Pradesh.
Scope of Services:               As constituent of WAPCOS, the then e^orisunancy and Power Commission, was completely responsible for the
services on this project. Detailed studies were carried out for ete number of dams required for optimum irrigation and power deve ^yses. services also included planning, layout studies, design tor dams, po^  jvi-
c
canals and canal structures, tender specifications for constiy.Ce(j fund’011’, works & procurement of equipment, bid evaluation and other a >
Another constituent of WAPCOS, ie. Geological survey of II s^rVt.ys of[f* 
the
geological investigations of the major sites. The topographies ^j^ept 0
project areas were carried out by the Survey of India, also a
WAPCOS.
J
X. I
Secc2/Ecio.l>.iJ/94l22l7q         Advisory      Planning      Group      for      Modernisation      of      Uppcr
G
project, Uttar Pradesh.
Location: Uttar Pradesh, India
Client’ State Government of Uttar Pradesh, India
anga        Canai
Scope of Services:                    WAPCOS Services included technical advice
assistance and  in-services training, strengthening  of irrigation  department^ macro  and  micro  planning  for irrigation  and  drainage system, water management, agriculture and  socio-economic studies. CCA covered  was 2.46 million hectares.
30. Sone Canal Modernisation Project
Location: Bihar. India
Client:            State Government of Bihar, India
Scope of Services:                    Modernisation of over 100 year old sone Canal
System covering  a net command  area 0.60  million  hectares The services included  preparation  of Feasibility  - cum-Appraisal Report Jointly  with  World Bank  and  Government of Bihar. The Studies also  involved  the Systems analysis approach for integrated use of ground and surface waters.
31.     Preparation     of     Master     Plan     for     Operation     and     Maintenace     of     Upper Krishna Project.
Location: Karnataka, India
Client:            Government of Karnataka (India)
Scope of Services:                     It included engineering, hydrological studies and
surveys    and    investigations    for    preparation    of    master    plan    for    operation    and maintenace of the project.
Environmental and Rehabilitation aspects of Tipaimukh High Dam Location; Mizoram, India
lient- Govt, of Mizoram, India
inah ad^erV'CeS: and prena^r
Studies on environmental and rehabilitation of cuS,<"“ P r°ject> collection and analysis of data through comp
also incluripd°n deta*led report based on studies and analysis. Allie
in  atchme P P ration of rehabilitation master plan, watershed manag ''
c
Project area a*^ ’ soc’°"ec°nomic status of people and t^ora and fauna
re   a 328
33.    The Feasibility Study on Modernisation of Kurnool r. <. Canal Project.
Location: Andhra Pradesh, India Client:            Govt, of Andhra Pradesh
‘ CuddaPah Irrigation
Description of the Project: The project has one of the oldest irrio .•
constructed during 1863 to 1870. The K.C. Canal was used asga“On Canal.
canal in the initial stage and changed over to irrigation canal in^ev)881’0’’
project lies in Kurnool and Cuddapah districts of Andhra Pradesh ° The
The   K.C.   Canal   consists   of   four   anicuts   (head   works)   located   on   Tueahh   a Galeru,   Kundu   and   Pennar   rivers   and   has   306   Km.   long   main   canal   and   26n K.M.   long   branch   canals,   using   the   diverted   water   through   these   four   anicu° tlie   system   was   supposed   to   irrigate   a   command   area   of   1,12,500   ha   butTue to    deterioration    of    the    irrigation    facilities,    the    intake    discharge    from    these anicuts   decreased   considerably   and   also   due   to   high   water   losses   in   the   canal system, the irrigated area shrank to 77,200 ha.
Scope of Services:
Review of cropping pattern and crop calendar lining of canals. Improvement of existing canal structures and construction of new structures as necessary.
Lining the distributaries upto a carrying capacity of 1.4 cumecs. Improvement of drainage conditions in the command area.
Conjuctive use of surface and ground water
Adequate on farm development.
Proper water management.
34.     Preparation of Project Report of Third Andhra Pradesh Irrigation Project Location: Andhra Pradesh, India
Client:            Irrigation & CAD Deptt., Govt, of Andhra Pradesh
f f1 c-"* 
3
Description of the Project: In Andhra Pradesh water availably irrigation is estimated at 77.500 Mm . The main sources are m jaatC(1out and Krishna River and their tributaries. About 30 Million ha. ar ortance of a total cultivable area of 11.3 million ha. In view of this an 1
of increasing food and fibre production in the state, to 
employment and to assist the rising population, in the ^jgalio 
Government of Andhra Pradesh to press ahead urgent v 
development to exploit the considerable water resources of t e
Scope of Service:                      - Includes the following aspects
Soil Survey  and  irrigability, hydrology, ground  water, *rr,®^
v jje rur-1 of t^
l
j cW
and      conjunctive     use,
drdraianainagegeof comof mand   comarmeaa,nd  ’n^ra.^
area,
j   The’nf^<^ra^
rU
r on
uon
environmental Impact Assessment, resettlement and rehabi 1
Sccl2/Euo. b*a/94122!29
also 
includes the aspect of Operation and Maintenance. Project Organise
and
Management; Monitoring and Evaluation including the economic analysis
35 Restoration of Hirakud Irrigation System and Salandi Irrigation Project Location: Orissa, India
Client:         Irrigation Deptt., Govt, of Orissa.
Description of the Project: The Hirakud Dam is a multipurpose river valley project across river Mahanadi for flood  control, irrigation  and  power generation. The distribution  system was constructed  in  1960. Though  the project at the initial stage had  a proposed  C.C.A, of 1.81  lakh  ha. in Sambalpur and Balangir districts, the actual achievement could not go beyond 1.59  lakh  ha. due to  non  availability  of further cultivable land. Increased 
production in the command area can be achieved by optimum utilisation of irrigation water and crop diversification
Salandi Irrigation Project comprises a dam across river Salandi in Keonjhar district and a pick up weir downstream of Bidvadharpur. The total command of the system is about 86.000 ha.
Scope of Services:             Include inspection of canal embankment, structures, examining necessity of extra structures, examining the problem of direct
outlets, inadequate water supply  to  tail, measuring  devices, soil survey, agronomical aspects, such  as cropping  pattern  and  crop  calendar, pattern  of distribution  of water, productivity  of crops, socio-logical aspects, environmental studies, ground  water survey  and  operation  and  maintenance study.
36. Modernisation of Jamuna Irrigation Project
Location: Assam, India
Client:         Govt, of Assam
cope of Services:              The Services include analysing data from the project
r ca for modernisation of existing irrigation systems and agricultural aspects " re^ated issues. The work also includes preparing of Cost estimates tor
ag° e?^sat*on of the project, requirement of implementing and executing
/I
37. Water Resources Planning for the State of Rajasthan
Location: Rajasthan, India
Client:          Govt, of Rajasthan
Scope of Services:              The Services include a long term plan for dev -I
and    management   of   the   water   resources    of   the   State   of   Rajasthan0^0' comprehensive     and     integrated     basis     consisting     of     collection     stor     * retrieval        of        hydrological,        hydrometerological,        hydrogcologica^d21111 assessment  of  resources,  estimation  of  existing  and  future  demand  by  varu'3 users,   water   balance   studies.   To   prepare   a   comprehensive   full   scale   wT* resources  plan  for  the  state  indicating  inter  basin  transfers  and  future  plan  ' for optimal utilisation of water resources of the state and also to provide on -he
job training to state water resources planning personnel.
38.    Operation  Pilot  Project  for  Reclamation  of  Water  Logged  &  Saline  Lands of Haryana
Location: Haryana, India
Client:         Govt, of Haryana
Scope of Services:              Includes long term principal objective to implement
large  scale  drainage  &  salinity  control  measures,  reclamation  of  farm  land  that has  already  become  unproductive,  improvement  of  two  pilot  areas  of  1000  ba and   creation   of   Drainage   Corporation   Capable   of   implementing   subsurface drainage  system  in  an  area  of  2500  ha  per  year,  increasing  to  10,000  ha  per year,   development   &   transfer   of   technology   of   horizontal   pipe   drainage, institutionalize    fanners    participation    in    planning,    construction,    operation maintenance of the drainage system etc.
39.   Exploration & Tapping of Explorable Water Resources in Namibia
Location: Windhoek, Namibia
Client. Deptt. of Water Affairs, Directorate of Rural Water Supp.
rural geohydrology. Govt, of Namibia, Namibia.
Description  of the Project: In  view of the acute shortage of drinking^^^j t<?
S
the   target   area,   the   present   project   has   been   framed   to   serve   as
wa
ter
alleviate  the  problem  of  the  people  of  the  area  and  ensure  safe  dn  ^ p|
o    C.
to them by a technology which can easily be assimilated by the ru
under tl* Scope of Services:               The broad scope of work to be taken
overall project consisting of Phase 1 and Phase II would c0'’erufn
ps tb * 
el
potential sites in the target areas and installation of hand P c( alongwith the necessary sanitary works. Whereas Phase I of ^aVc I*41 be fully implemented by the Indian experts, three alternatives
Sect2/Eno.bai 94122131
3
40.   Reclamation of Affected Areas in Malaprabha & Ghataprabha PrQjcc(s Karnataka.
Location: Karnataka, India
Client:        Administration, CADA, M & G Project, Belgaum Karnatka.
Description of Project. I he Malaprabha & Ghataprabha have been conceived to irrigate the drought prone districts of Belgaum, Bijapur and Dhanwar. The CADA have felt the need for a comprehensive study of the 8 selected pockets of the affected areas by waterlogging and soil salinisation in the command of these project and evolve effective remedial measure. The techniques and experience gained in tackling the problem areas are to be utilised to evolve a Master Plan.
Scope of Services:             Services included: Sectional review of irrigation and agriculture, field soil survey studies using auger-hole, soil profile examination. Laboratory analysis of soil samples, topographic surveys including L-Section of natural/artificial drains, ground water level observations, determination of hydraulic  properties,  interpretation  and  demarcation  of  waterlogged  and  salt affected  areas,  interpretation  of  LANDSAT  imageries,  Land  use  planning, design and drawings of surface and sub-surface drainage measures and impart monitoring  programme,  farmers  participation  and  awareness  to  control  the waterlogging   and   soil   salinisation   and   economic   analysis   of   suggested measures.
41.     Master   Plan   for   Development   of   Irrigation   Projects   of   Nagaland NAGALAND
Location: Nagaland, India Client:         Govt, of Nagalandeconomic impact of the proposed irrigation system includ' environment and ecology. Projection of the infrastructure requ^ 'hat implementation of the Master Plan. Assessment of the energy re lift irrigation. Preparation of guidelines for investigations and minor irrigation projects as well as watershed development * incorporated in the Master Plan.
3   1111
32
on for for
'ng of Projects
42.  Master Plan for Development of Irrigation Projects of Arunachal Pradesh Location: Arunachal Pradesh, India
Client:         Govt, of Arunachal Pradesh
Scope of Services Includes:            - Assessment of surface as well as ground
water resources, basin/sub-basin  wise. Assessment of the present status of utilisation  of the ground  and  surface water resources in  each  basin/sub-basin and  district/community  development blocks. Agro-climatic zoning  of the State on  the basis of land  and  soil characteristics, vegetation, agricultural practices and  the climatological data. Formulation  of an  optimal cropping  pattern  for each  agro-climatic zone. Assessment of water requirement of the crops in different agro-climatic zones. Siting  of appropriate minor irrigation  schemes throughout the State based  on  available survey  data, toposheets etc. and delineation  of their command  area. Planning  for River bank  erosion  control and  flood  protection  measures. Preparation  of typical designs, drawings and cost estimate including  the benefit-cost analysis. Assessment of the socio economic impact of the proposed  irrigation  system including  that on environment and  ecology. Projection  of the infrastructure requirement for implementation  of the Master Plan. Assessment of the energy  requirement for lift irrigation. Preparation  of guidelines for investigations and  planning  o' minor irrigation  projects as well as watershed  development projects incorporated in the Master Plan.
2.9 APPRECIATION OF OUR SERVICES - ABROAD
Very   often   (he   works   done   by   WAPCOS   have   received   appreciation outside agencies. A few are quoted as below:
i)     Mr.H.C.Bhargava, Top Level Expert, Kirindi Oya Project, >
Eng. AJP Poonrajh, Director, Irrigation Department in n appreciation dated 3.2.1985 has observed as follows:
Qri Lank^r his reco^
He has atnp'-
"I    have    found    Mr.    Bhargava    to    be    keen    and    hard    working    (pofh1- displayed   his   considerable   skill   and   experience   and   has   satisfied   fficie^-. expert   status   He   has   always   discharged   his   obligations   to   (he   transfet0 and  with  diligence  and  fidelity.  He  has  made  contributions
expertise in the Engineers of the ID and has also furthered his from the JObs handled in Sri Lanka for the ID”. K
/ *
Sect2/Erio baa/941221I
■
33
c       c    sivasupramainam,    Director,    Irrigation    Department    had    observed    in    hk Record of appreciation dated Sth October, 1985 as follows:                                                      S
•Vfr   Bharagava   was   very   much   involved   from   the   Tender   Evaluation   of   the rates    of    the    Inginimitiya    Scheme    to    installation,    commissioning    and    testing of     these     gates.     In     this     regard     Mr.     Bhargava     has     performed     invaluable service's.
•As   for   Kirindi   Oya   Irrigation   and   settlement   Project,   the   gates   of   the   scheme are   of   the   largest   magnitude   manufactured   in   Sri   Lanka.   For   the   design   and fabrication   of   these   large   gates   Mr.   Bhargava   set   the   standard   in   a   manner   that had helped the installation of these gates speedily'.
ii)     Mr.T.C.Gupta, Design Expert, Kirindi Oya Project, Sri Lanka.
F.ng.E.P      Wimalabandu.      Deputy      Director      (Major      Construction),      Irrigation Department   in   his   letter   to   the   Managing   Director.   WAPCOS   dated   30th   April. 1985 had stated as follows:
"We would like to place on record our appreciation of his work”.
iii)         Mr.     D.P.Ghose,     Consultant     (Hydrology),     Medium     Irrigation     Projects, Philippines.
"The    National    Irrigation    Administration    awarded    a    certificate    of    appreciation to     Deba     P.Ghose,     WAPCOS     Consultant     for     Hydrology     for     his     invaluable contribution    to    the    Philippine    Medium    Scale    Irrigation    Project,    (dated    19th December. 1980)
iv)
Mr. D.Datta, irrigation and Drainage Expert, Water Resources
Development Authority, (WRDA) Ethiopia.
i
The
General Manager, Water Resources Development Authority 
A) Ethiopia in his record of appreciation dated 18th May, 1990 had 
expr
essed as follows:
Mr D r>°^ Out po’nt we c°nvey  our sincere gratitude lo  your expert
bep" ■ atta” wh° has been  associating  with  this project from the very 
Prop11110^ 3nd presently  ass>sring  us in  the preparatory  work  for the Phase Two 
confid*1111116
are highly impressed with his technical proficiency and
reallv enCC t0 handle any type of activities assigned to him. His dynamism is
all > commendable.
K2.10
34
PROVIDED by wapcos have
rnNSULTANCY SEE 'fCIATED BY WATER RESOURCES TII ^m VERY WELL APP*EC/ 4NT) ETHIOPIAN VALLEYS
LF .™
annFXURE 2 1 LETTER FROM WRDA DT. 15TH FEB.,1990 
SSS 2 2 LETTER FROM WRDA DT. 18TII MAY.,1990 
ISrE 23 LETTER FROM EVDSA DT. 30TH JULY,1990
2.11 APPRECIATION OF OUR SERVICES - INDIA
Of recently  (he quality  of work  done by  (he Company  has been  very  well received  by  the World  Bank  Who  have appraised  the reports prepared  by WAPCOS. A few are quoted as below:
i) Orissa State - Upper Indravati Project
A   comprehensive   report   regarding   the   management   services   needed   for   this multi-purpose  project,  now  under  execution  in  India  by  Orissa  Government, was   prepared   by   WAPCOS.   The   job   was   assigned   by   World   Bank.   The report  of  WAPCOS  was  appreciated  and  commended  by  World  Bank  officials. The  observations  of  Mr.  Harold  G.  Brandreth,  Chief,  Power  &  Transportation Division  (World  Bank)  vide  his  letter  dated  31st  January,  1984  addressed  to Shri  P  C  Hota,  Secretary,  Department  of  Irrigation  and  Power  (Government of Orissa) in this regard are as below:
'We have reviewed the WAPCOS report of August. 1983 and it appears io us
t at t ey ha\e done a very through job, and have proposed organisations and systems, probably based on others that they have seen in operation, that may 
be expected to meet all requirements. We would not wish to comment on (he
Of supPortmg detail in the report, but it is made very clear by 
APCOS work that there were serious shortcomings through the project organization and management, which are summarised in Volume-’.
. CC *°V ect‘on'”' Appropriate corrective actions also are summarize
there. We presume that your staff have been studying this report in detail £ 
no doubt preparing to implement WAPCOS recommendations. We s
e interested to read your own reactions to the report in due course".
S t3te ^aharas’1Ira Composite Irrigation Project (Cos
I he work included preparation of Feasibility-cum-Appraisal
major irrigation projects comprising 12 storage dams and vast cana ^icS for irrigating an area of 620,000 ha. in Maharashtra State.
involved a comprehensive irrigation projects with the objectiv^^ /
\
Seci2.‘FrjJ.baa.94J22i35
deficiencies    and    developing    specific    recommendations    for    the   p|annin), design,  construction,  operation  and  maintenance  of  six  projects  and  covered hydrology,   sedimentation,   water   management,   conveyance   and   distribution system,  crop  pattern,  agricultural  practices,  inputs,  training  and  extension Tlie  work  was  started  in  October,  1977  and  completed  in  May.  1979  The appraisal by the World Bank and IFAD was earned out thereafter culminating 
in financial assistance of US $ 226 million by IDA and US 5 50 million by IFAD in  February, 1980. That the implementation  of the project is beino carried out as per design criteria and concepts outlined in WAPCOS Feasibility Report, stands testimony to the caliber of work done by WAPCOS
iii) Bihar & Orissa State-Subemarekha Multipurpose Project (Cost US S 1352
■                million)
The  consultancy  work  included  preparation  of  Feasibility-cum-appraisal  Report
of an  Inter-state Multipurpose Project involving  the construction  of two  dams and  two  barrages in  Bihar and  three reservoirs in  Orissa and  vast canal network  for irrigating  an  area of 248,000  ha in Bihar and  Orissa. The studies comprised  irrigation  and  agriculture sectoral review of Bihar and  Orissa States together with  the other studies similar to  Maharashtra and  MP Composite Irrigation  Project from April, 1979  to  August 1981. The report was appraised  from August 1981  to  June. 1982  resulting  in  grant of financial assistance of US S 127  m in  July, 1982  by  the World  Bank, who  conveyed their appreciation  for the excellent work  done by  WAPCOS through  a Telex in November, 1981. The extract World Bank Telex is given below.
RE: SUBERNAREKHA APPRAISAL: WE ARE PRESENTLY REVIEWING (WAPCOS) FEASIBILITY REPORT. PLEASE CONVEY TO WAPCOS OUR APPRECIATION OF THE EXCELLENT WORK DONE. WE WELL HAVE SEVERAL COMMENTS AND QUERIES AND WOULD LIKE TO
MEET  WAPCOS  AND  UPPAL  IN  DELHI  ON  FRIDAY,  NOVEMBER  20 
AFTERNOON AND SATURDAY 21ST MORNING. ONE COMMENT WHICH MAY REQUIRE SOME WORK IS ON THE USE OF DATA FROM THE 1970/71  AGRICULTURAL CENSUS TO QUANTIFY POPULATION AND LAND TENURE SITUATIONS. THESE DATA SHOULD BE REPLACED BY INFORMATION FROM MORE RECENT SURVEYS.
WE WOULD REQUIRE AN EVALUATION OF GOI CAPABILITY TO F NANCE THE PROJECT. THE EVALUATION SHOULD BE DONE BY WAPCOS.
The   Project   is   under   construction   as   per   concepts,   design   criteria   and construction standards incorporated in WAPCOS Feasibility Report.iv) Madhya Pradesh State-MP Composile Irrigation Project (Cost Us $ inc Million)
The work comprised preparation of Feasibility-cum-Appraisal Report of f0 major irrigation-cum-agriculture projects for irrigating an area of 720,000°^ in Mahanadi river basin involving nine dams (existing and proposed) a ! modernisation of existing Mahanadi canal system. The services included1 comprehensive review of the irrigation and agricultural sector together with other studies similar to Maharashtra Composite Irrigation Project. The wo k was carried out from October, 1978 to July. 1980. The project was appraised by the World Bank from July, 1980 to August, 1981 leading to financial assistance of US $ 220 million in August, 1981.
36
L‘         1
The quality  of work  done by  WAPCOS was highly  appreciated  by  the World Bank  as would  be clear from the congratulatory  telex  messages received  from the World  Bank. Copy  of Telex  Message dated  2.8  1980  received  from Mr. William Rodger of World Bank. Washington, is given below;
FOR MR. UPPAL. MP MAJOR FEASIBILITY REPORT.
RECEIVED WITH THANK (.) CONGRATULATIONS ON STERLING PERFORMANCE (.) I WILL BE IN DELHI ON AUGUST 14  AND WOULD LIKE TO COMMENCE DISCUSSIONS ON TECHNICAL CONTENT (.) BEST REGARDS. RODGER (.)
Copy  of  Telex  Message  dated  8.8.1980  received  from  Mr.  G.  J.Tibor  of  World Bank. Washington.
FOR CHADHA CHAIRMAN WAPCOS-PREPARATION REPORT MP MAJOR RECEIVED (.) PLEASE ACCEPT MY CONGRATULATIONS ON
A  JOB  WELL  DONE  (.)  WE  HAVE  BRIEFLY  REVIEWED  AND  WOULD LIKE      TO      DISCUSS      WITH      YOU      ADDITIONAL      PREPARATION REQUIREMENTS         FOR         THE         TECHNICAL         REVIEW         MIS^, SCHEDULED   IN   EARLY   SEPTEMBER   AND   SUBSEQUENT   APPRAISA.L   f
LATE OCTOBER (.) BRIDGE/RODGER WILL BE IN DELHI ON AUGU FOURTEENTH REGARDS, TIBOR (.)
To translate the concepts and design criteria outlined in the ' •
Feasibility Report, Government of M P. retained WAPCOS as ® Consultants for strengthening their Irrigation Department's caPaC!<se of implementation, operation and maintenance of the project. This first P c(£)rflj the general consultancy work was completed in September, 1984 satis a^.onj culminating in extension of the General Consultancy Contract * e
term from September. 1984 to June, 1986.
,
2.12               AWARD FOR EXPORT EXCELLENCE
In recognition of our excellent services WAPCOS was given EXPORT EXCELLENCE BY ENGINEERING EXPORT PRO
Sec2/E(io baa/94l22i37
miinCIL which states that AWARD FOR EXPORT EXCELLENCE VO C0US WATER AND POWER CONSULTANCY SERVICES (INDIA)
ME HTrn NFW DELHI IN RECOGNITION OF ACHIEVING HIGHEST
during ‘?~n hbn ^.
S0
S&YSBRVCBS-.
213  COMMITMENT TO TECHNOLOGY
Indian  engineers, artisans and  teachers who  have worked  and  are presently working elsewhere and in Ethiopia are well committed to the technology and always find  a place of commendation  among  the host countries. In  1985 WAPCOS had sent a team of four experts on a fact finding mission to study 
and  to  identify  the areas of cooperation  and  assistance in  Waler Resources between Ethiopia and India. The work done by the team was appreciated and 
an extract from the telex message dated 31st August, 1985 received from the Indian Embassy, is reproduced as follows:
"WAPCOS FOUR MEMBER DELEGATION UNDER ITEC PROGRAMME WILL COMPLETE THEIR FOUR WEEK VISIT ON 4TH SEPTEMBER (.) THEY HAD FINAL ROUND OF DISCUSSIONS WITH DR. ALAM AZHAR COMMISSIONER FOR NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES AND TOP LEVEL ETHIOPIAN EXPERTS YESTERDAY 30TH AUGUST (.) AFTER OBTAINING TEAM’S COMMENTS BASED ON THEIR WIDE TRAVEL ACROSS ETHIOPIA DR. ALAM AZHAR WAS MOST IMPRESSED (.) HE CONVEYED DESIRE FROM HIGHEST LEVEL HERE WHO ATTACHES GREAT IMPORTANCE TO VISIT BY THIS TEAM TO MEET THEM PERSONALLY (.) DR. ALAM AZHAR REQUESTED EMBASSY AT DISCUSSION TABLE ITSELF TO OBTAIN OUR GOVERNMENTS’ PERMISSION FOREXTENSION OF TEAM’S VIS1TBY APPROXIMATELY ONE MORE WEEK FOR ENABLING THIS MEETING (.) ALSO ETHIOPIAN AUTHORITIES WISH TO HOLD FURTHER DISCUSSIONS ON IMPORTANT AREAS (.) IN VIEW OF DESIRE FROM HIGHEST LEVEL TO MEET THE TEAM, MINISTRY’S PERMISSION REQUESTED FOR ACCEDING TO ETHIOPIAN REQUEST FOR EXTENSION OF VISIT BY APPROXIMATELY ONE WEEK (.) GRATEFUL FOR TELEX PERMISSION URGENT BASIS (.)“
The Chairman  of the Ethiopian  Revolution  Council, visited  India during December, 1985  and  during  the meeting  with  Prime Minister of India expressed  appreciation  of the work  of the WAPCOS team of Indian  Experts on  Water Resources. A report to  this effect appeared  in  the daily  newspaper °n 21st December, 1985. The relevant para is reproduced below.
"^63] *
rfut foe historical3^31 ^ ^
a
ons both Mr Gandhi and Mr. Mengitsu agreed 
ne eded to be furth f i
r endsb’P that existed between the two countries
er strengthened in the field of agriculture, health, education
•^1221 K
, ) V \38
Of
'
at that
2.14
and culture. Mr. Mengitsu further expressed his appreciation of the u, the Indian experts on water resources who had been sent hy the Gover He also thanked Mr. Gandhi for the assistance of 57,000 tones of whe was donated as a part of drought relief ”.
On the basis of recommendations of WAPCOS team, the delegations National Water Resources Commission of Ethiopia and WAPCOS had ’ a Memorandum of Understanding to give concrete shape to the sp-lg mutual cooperation and as a result, a 22 member expert team for ' Resources Development and on-job participation with the Ethiopian offer sent for a period of two years.
SKILL TRANSFER
r
WAPCOS expert operate with  a motto  of effective transfer of technology/skillj through  on-job  training  to  client’s personnel. WAPCOS also  arranges on-jot training  through  specialised  courses tailor made to  suit to  the client’s personnel and some of them are listed below:
a)    Training    of    27    members    of    O&M    personnel    of    Electricity    Supplv Commission   -   Zimbabwe   for   a   period   of   27   weeks   during   1984.   The observations    of    Mr.    K.K.    Bhargava,    High    Commissioner    of    India. Zimbabwe   vide   his   letter   No.   HAR/289/9/85   dated   the   20th   September, 1985 are summed up as below:
"BEI people are very much impressed by PETS manual and by and large
the authorities are very happy with the course of training which 
organised by WAPCOS in conjunction of PETS. There is, however, i
feeling that duration of the course is less".
Deputing   WAPCOS   O&M   staff   to   ESC   for   operation   of   their   Thermal   Po*c: Stations.
In 1981 WAPCOS entered into a contract for providing 125 members of 0<L personnel. The assignment includes training of Zimbabwe staff as
counterparts.
rhe skills of WAPCOS staff have been  appreciated. The observation K K.Bhargava, Indian  High  Commissioner in  Zimbabwe as seen  trorn  1 No. HAR/239/9/85 dated the 20th September, 1985 in this regard i •
a) I am happy to note that minimum cases of tripping have been r ’ in respect of units that arc maintained by WAPCOS personnel
maximum numbers registered in respect of the units that are und Electricity International Management (BEI)”
,
Sec r2/Ecro b.ia/94122139
b)      WAPCOS has conducted training programmes tailor made for senior and
junior    level    technical    personnel    of    Iraq,    Burma,    Sri    Lanka,    Afghanista
Philippines Ethiopia, Vietnam, Zimbabwe, Nepal etc. 
' n’
c)        In   the   last   nine   years   WAPCOS  conducted   short  term   training  courses  for transfer    of    skills    through    specialised    and    on-job    training    programmes    through its    Human    Resources    Development    Group    (HRDG).    Some    of    these    training programmes are listed below:
Planning, Implementation and Operation of Irrigation Project. 
Water-logging and Drainage Problems in Coastal Areas
Earth moving and Construction Equipment Management
Mini/Micro Hydro-Electric Development on Canals. 
Management Techniques for Water Utilisation of Irrigation. 
Geo-technical Investigations and Studies for Water Resources
Development.
Command Area Development.
Irrigated Agriculture in Arid areas.
Planning, Design and Implementation of High Dams. 
Management of Ground Water Supply for Urban and Rural Areas. 
Real Time Data for Water Resources Projects Planning and Operation. 
Water Supply and Sanitation management
Modernisation of Irrigation Projects.
Planning and Implementation of Medium and Small Irrigation Projects.
A    bird’s    eyeview    of    the    activities    are    enumerated    in    a    booklet    ’TRAINING ACTIVITIES’      of      IIRDG      (APPENDIX-B)      which      vividly      describes      our commitment     to     transfer     of     technology     through     strengthening     of     institutional base    and    technical    capabilities    of    water    User’s    Association/personnel    involved in such activities.
WAPCOS OPERATIONS IN ETHIOPIA
Wapcos    is    operating    in    Ethiopia    since    1985    and    is    closely    working    with WRDA & EVDSA.
1.2.    Previous    Operations    Since    1985    WAPCOS    is    actively    involved    in    the activities      of      Water      Resources      Development      of      Ethiopia      with      particular reference to transfer of technology to Ethiopian engineers and professionals.
A    team    of    multi-disciplinary    WAPCOS    Experts    were    sent    to    Ethiopia    in August   1985   to   prepare   a   Reconnaissance   Report   for   evalu 
continuous agricultural failures due to  worst drought anc followed  by  another multi-disciplinary  team for develop, potential with  the active involvement of the local enginee of Water Resources Development Authority (WRDA).
The following projects were handled by WAPCOS in Ethio-Indian Joint Co-operation Programme of the Govt. 
Seta/Etio.,
ba V94i22»4()
1.2.1   WRDA Phasc-1 Programme
Under this programme WAPCOS had deputed a very conipeten experts in various disciplines to carry out the study within 146 ” lCam of spread over about 3 Years (June 87, to March 90). 
Scope of Work
man n
' 'onth
s
i)      Study  and  design  of  two  priority  projects  namely,  the  Ejersa  Project  and the  Sewir  Project  with  the  participation  of  WRDA  counterparts  in  such a manner that the requisite technology is transferred to WRDA personnel
ii)     Examination of the status of WRDA capability in water resources design project construction & supervision and project operation and management
in general and furnishing recommendations for strengthening these capabilities.
iii)    Preparation  of  guidelines  and  criteria  for  some  of  the  important  water resources development activities.
iv)    Appraisal of projects and reports referred specifically by WRDA and;
v)     Study and advise on specific problems in specific on-going projects of WRDA.
2.2.1            Services Rendered
PrelStiXoefi^Repon ofE* deS‘*  °
WRDA in 9a ? non°rt- Rjcrsa Imgation Project was submitted to 
n
f pr ‘Ority pr°jCCtS’
iX* ,S'P' 
a
“> ™ volumes. On basis of ta*-
detailed  deria d addlllonal dau madc available io  WAPCOS lean.  d» 
1990  Simit8 1  rcpon Was prePared and submitted  to  WRDA in  March, 
Prelimin-, J n Y-
basis °f data made available to WAPCOS team,
and  k  .  65180 Reporl of Sewir Irrigation  Project was prepare*1 DreDarin?tbed h  WRDA in March’ 1990.  All efforts were made while coumZ^A °Ve repOrtS '° extend Pr°Per opportunity  to  the Ethiopia and design^ ° 3CqU‘rC re<Iuisitc technology to execute such studies
(ii)    The report on capabilities of WRDA in the various aspects <- resources development was submitted in September 1989.
(iii)   Under transfer of Technology, the works carried out by WAP^O (a)   Guidelines and criteria have been furnished to WRDA namely:
Survey & Investigation of medium irrigation project Design of plain and reinforced concrete
Design of earth dam
Scct2/E(io.b.w94l22l41
Design of canals
Estimation of catchment yield
Design of canal structures
Maintenance and operation of water bath & hydrometers
Geotechnical investigation & laboratory test.
General-technical specification
(b)   Lectures/Seminars were conducted by the team members to cover the
following topics:
Practices      of      selecting      appropriate      design      flood      return      period      and estimation there of
Design consideration of bottom outlets.
Estimation of catchment yield from small watersheds
Determination of reservoir yield
Joints in concrete construction
Compaction of soil in earthen embankments.
Geotechnical investigation and laboratory tests
Steel sheet pile in engineering works.
(c)     To   study   and   advise   on   specific   problems   referred   by   WRDA   on   design and    construction    of    on-going    projects    of    WRDA    was    carried    out    by WAPCOS for following projects
Borkena Dam
Angereb Dam
- Flood damage repair
- Grouting problem
Code Irrigation Project - Sheet Pile and sand problem
Nekemte     town     Water     -     Augmentation     of     water     supply supply project
Negele Creek Dam - Seepage Problem
Boyo Dam
- Excessive rehabilitation requirement dictating reappraisal of the project
(d)            Technical   Appraisal   of   the   following   projects   and   reports   referred   by WRDA was undertaken.
Koga Irrigation project
Gumuro Team Plantation Project
Irrigation System Near Water Technology Institute in Arbaminch. Alba Kulito Diversion on Weir Design
Gohina Diversion Project
Gohina Diversion Project. Angelete Irrigation Pasture Project. Work a Kore Dam
Boyo Dam
Laka Tana
Chara    Chara    Weir
Shoa Robil Irrigation Project.Remodelling Arbaminch Farm
Term of Reference for (he construction supervision of Am h 
Project-I
Term of Reference for preparation of Preliminary Wat Development Master Plan of Ethiopia
' ara Drain^ ' er ^esourCts
° p,a '"eluding
(e)
Term of Reference - Project Preparation mission in Fthi„ • UNDP. 
UNDP Project (twining of Indian assistance)
Draft Report of Project Formulation Mission - UNDP WAPCOS team imparted on-job training to WRDA counterpart and design, geotechnical investigations and tests and rendered5 services in strengthening the capability by setting up of a soil laboratory. 
®cs
1.2.2           WRDA Phase-II Programme
Presently,  WAPCOS  experts  are  preparing  comprehensive  design  reports--- Ejersa and Sewrr irrigation projects.
1.2.3             Ethiopian   Valleys   Development   Studies   Authority   (EVDSA) Preparation   of   Preliminary   Water   Resources   Master   Plan   for Ethiopia.
The Preliminary  Water Resources Master Plan  for Ethiopia was started  in April 1988 by the Water & Power Consultancy Services (India) (WzXPCOS in  collaboration  with  the Ethiopian  Valleys Development Studies Authority (EVDSA).  The main  components of the study  as defined  in  the Terms of Reference are :
i)      The identification, assessment and quantification of the available resources.
ii)     To study the present utilisation of the available water resource resources and proposefuture allocation and utilisation.
iii)    To assess the present available data and propose future data n requirements for their collection.
iv)
v)
vi)
To set priorities for the study and development of the Ethiopia
To recommend a list of irrigation projects for immediate i in view of the threatening droughts.
• Vallt.'5 impl«nienUl‘Cr
To recommend detailed socio-economic investigation projects viability.
• ns 1° ra”C"’lll2< sh»“IJ ’
vii)   To   indicate   how   water   demand   in   downstream   counts
considered. 
.
11To recommend ways and means to strengthen EVDSA. viii)  To
ix)
To   prepare   a   preliminary   country-wide   master   plan   for   the   development
The woi** — --
To
of the water resources of Ethiopia.
works related  to  this project were,  preparation  of country-wide Water
Master    Plan     in     Ethiopia     for    strengthening     of
—c
'  — 
. 
,
uvncA. 
EVDSA;    and    training  _ _r of
Ethiopian     Engineers     under     ITEC     programme     of     Govt,     of     India.     256 
manmonths were deployed  for the project during  1988  to  1990.  The value of services rendered  was Rs.  5.42  million.  The services offered  for the preparation  of country  wide master plan  for Water Resources Development were in three phases viz. Inception Phase, Study Phase & Final Phase.
Inception  Phase: Compilation  of reports of already  completed  and  on  going projects; review of available reports with  special emphasis on  irrigation  and power potential; compilation  and  review of upto  date all engineering  data; review of remote sensing data and preparation of interim report.
Study Phase:              Based on the review of the available data further engineering studies and investigation.
Final Phase:              Preparation of master plan for submission to the Ethiopian valleys Development studies Authority (EVDSA).
Above project was handled and completed to the entire satisfaction of the
client.■CONSULTANCY SERVICES IN
WATER & POWER
DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT
r and Power Consultancy Services [lndiafe-td
AT ION AL CONSULTANTSdevelopment of water and power
CONSULTANCY SERVICES IN INDIA
During the past four decades. In
dia has made phenomenal progress in
the   development   and   utilisation   of water  resources,  particularly  in  the fields of irngation. flood management, hydro-power  and  water  supply  Over 200  consultancy  organisations  frave established  their  expertise  in  water and power sector Today they provide specialised   services   in   Hydrology. Waler  Resources  Analysis,  Geology Geo-Technical Investigation. Founda tion      Engmeenng,      Inter      Basin Transfers. Dam Safety. Irrigation Engi neering. Power Generation Transmis sion and Distribution including Design & Engineering etc. Successful execu
tion of about 150 projects  abroad & 400 in India in the last two decades speaks  for their standing in global competition, turning over Rs. 1500
million  in  business  A  huge  task  force
of  around  5000  personnel  is  engaged in providing consultancy services in
India and abroad.
A  network  of  R  &  D  Institutions and  Laboratories  established  by  Govt, of  India  and  Consultancy  Organisa tions  becomes  the  real  backbone  for the   development   of   expertisc/know-
tors Among others, the
!
sation established in public Sec^’ ' provide consultancy and technical’ sistance to clients m India & aboac Watei & Power Consultancy Ser/...
[India) Ltd. (WAPCOS). p-^'
through the rigours normally lacedby a developing country. India is poised lor challenging strides an) prepared to share its exoen.se rd vast experience in Water &Pows«. . ini particularly with the devt-np-.; ■ countries.
This brochure gives yoi
ledge in the field. Govt, of India has provided the required stimulant for the growth of consultancy  and project management in water & powei sec.
riliwoses on consultancy capable i services in Water and Prwsew||
vailable from Indra
iiWATER & POWER
Water and lbwer Consultancy Services (India] Umited [Vi/APrnc
'MterReseurcesandisseluptODrovideconsultancvserviro'/ ISa^nverhrrientn>i
use from ail the departments of the Central and State “ M x «« ,ndcovers m„g n„lv
Mines development pro/ects 
'
°*in9'°
»'Mas«w "
on ’ ni3mtenance oner,, 'n ,he rel<*ai
' pera,lohan
dm  ri
^miierosvv ‘'^^'evsr ^^
IORGANISATION
major fields of activities
•    Surface Water Development
•    Command Area Development
•    Ground Water Development
•    Rver Management
•    Water Supply A Sewerage Power Engineering Environmental Studies
Ports,    Harbours    and    Inland    Water    Transport Institutional/Human Resources Development
EEPC    frop- outstanding
ORGANISATIONS
registration with international
African Development Bank
Arab Bank of Economic Development m Africa Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
Asian Development Bank
Food and Agriculture Organisation
World Bank/International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
International Fund tor Agricu tural Pev^'1 Kuwait fund for Arab Economic DevdW u United Nations Development Program^ United Nations Organisation
World Health Oigamsahon West African Development Bunk Indian Technical and Economic (1TEC) Programme
dll
2WAPCOS ~ a Government of In dia undertaking, are front rank consul tants >n water resources development
an <iutiliwt,onnart,c‘,lar,y
rnodted 'ignculture. hydropower and water supply
Set up in 1969 WAPCOS has re gistered an impressive growth in two decades of its existence, achieving in teinationjl stalos as one of the premi cr i onsultants on water management
□per;,ting principally in the internati- orul environment WAPCOS has been able to promote an image of hi-tech
□’ofessionals having immense techm Jnd manageridl skills with
art ent o-> traimng and human re
WAPCOS
'C projects studies .
A PROFILE
bu "’
experts 
double             prohle             nZ^^
Undeni]h^hn^gy
business
w-th Over
abroad
for
Being an offshoot of m
Water Resources. Gow nn
al
COS      is      eminently      ola<      m       WAP
"Pon the h
Uge
m
best counm a d « the
'ne
|
Power engaged h f«*ni
ra  man_
^sources Mtmstry rbe Water bin 9er of sUbslant,al ^'behar.
and innovations in water
In nriia whlch
million hectaies ° arei1 of 328
- management
&~SSSj
sen"ces 
inclld               dsot         “"sultan^
"• X***" « O-
gained
a "0Sew«a&r'Sto«^,
Wile' m all the ~~
• A'9er,.(
•  'hdm
*  ^Os
Y err,en
OF Op ^atio  s
N
•  Burma
•Iraq
•  l^auri/us
•  Gambia
Of Oman
•  Flhojia
•  KaT^wichea
•  Vozarbigne
•   phi‘ioo»rvs
•S)TWr Ar?b
•  Zin-fat^
3
7ORGANISATION
Water    &    fbwer    Consultancy    Services (India)    Limited    (WAPCOS)    is    a    well    krnt
orgnisation        with        specialised        functional core groups viz
•      Survey. Investigation & Construction Management Groups
•     Engineering Design Group
•      Computer Software Development &
Support Group
•      Irrigation & Agriculture Development
Groups
•      Drainage & Rood Control Groups
•      Ground Water Development Group
•      Water Supply & Sewerage System
Group
•      Environmental Engineering Group
•      torts & Harbours and Inland
Navigation Group
•      Dam Surveillance Group
•      Hydro/Themial Rower Groups
•      tower Transmission System Group
•      Human Resources Development
Group
Each     manned     by     experts     to     effectively carry out consultancy assignments
In   addition   to   its   own   comohment   of personnel,     WAPCOS     has     the     institutional backing     with     ability     to     draw     upon     the appropnate      m-servire      expertise      from      its 
1.     Central     Water     Commission (CWC)
Central     Water     Commission     is     the premier     engineenng     organisation     of     the
Government of India in the field of water
resources 
development
This 
organisation
undertakes 
pre-feasibility 
and
feasibility 
studies,       investigations,       preliminary       and detailed     designs,     preparation     of     technical specifications,        tender        documents        and construction        drawings,        as        well        as providing        necessary        supervision        and guidance     for     effective     implementation     of the     projects     relating     to     irngation     and drainage,    dam    and    reservoir    engineering, hydro-power,       flood       control       and       land reclamation    besides    other    water    utilisation schemes
(he     Central     Water     Commission     has also    developed    expertise    in    activities    like dam    safety    services,    systems    engineenng. application    of    remote    sensrng    techniques, electronic data processing and analysis
2 - Central
(CEA)              ^*ectricify
Central    Electricity    Authority    *    % premier     central     organisation     in     PQv^ sector,     which     has     the     comprehend expertise  built  up  in  India  during  last  ‘cw decades  Having  worked  with  a  number^
world’s 
leading
enginee^
organisations.   it   lias  grown   in  know and    expertise    to    tackle    all    kinds    d problems   relating   to   the   field   of   powe CEA  is  under-taking  services  like  project implementation-concept       to       operation
investigations.
techno-economic
evaluation, derailing of project -nciudng
designs, specifications  etc. works 
contracts             project
rranagemert
etc 
Individual/Group
Training
constituent            orgamsations/assoicates 
It
enables  the Company  to field a custom- made team for every  assignment befitting the job requirements  for discharge of the obligations  of consultancy  contract up to the established standards
The important constituents/asso- ciates and their mam fields of activity are
Rural Water Supply Scheme- Deep Hand Pump
Programmes       in       the       water       resources development sector as well as refresher
courses for serving engmeers/scientists
both from India and other developing countries  are also being organised by 
CWC regularly
commissioning and initial operatm ouality  management, resea-ch and develoomentrelatedU.Mo^metnai
power generation, transmission and distribution Training faculties anc 
cnoriical training programmes are a'sc a red tor serving engineers and other
ices from India and anroad
A tmpur M/m Hydroelectric Scneme (under cnnstructionJ-PuMHCENTRAL WATER
COMMISSION
(CWC)
' ------------ —
central
ground
WATER BOARD
(CGWB)
e lectfucity
AUTHORITY
(CEA)
r CENTRAL
WATER AND POWER RESEARCH
station (CWPRS)
INDIA
METEOROLOGICAL
DEPARTMENT
(IMD)
T
GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY OF INDIA
(GSI)
Jfe I
^i;sps,'N
FIELDS
— ———
a E££Weer|NG/
oS&’S, ^?X?tOF
governments
A cNeDntMrAaTlEsRoIAilLsS
research
station
(CSMRS)
3.
W «PCOS’ CONSTITUENTS
lnve5l'Sa»>ns           l« stations.      Dim,      ’      bndges-      ,un"els.      power reference         to         sta,l°ns         w>th         special
"laterals 
i CCat°“ndat'On
Cons’™ction
Cofr|ponents          for               "J™         a"9nmern              °f
0®O’phy8ical resistivity 
tiarei9
y and stab,ll'y etc.
,e *smic                  electrical
anc       interpretarinn       -       °"in9;          Se*d          s,ud,es
Sf! 'Smoinqil^i 1
' c,ltaco™iectedwth
areas 9 pheno™ron of project
4. Survey of India (SOI)
The Suivey of Ince esutished over 200   years   ago   so-   eo'Deprerteryrr crgan   sri’onsoff-e   IVcrJ   SCl   -car-.-oie io   undertake   ny   type   ol    te^est   a-a aenal surv eys. rncWng geodet c s.r.^s photogrammetry   contra'.   ntsnson   and cartographic      enhancement      precson printing.   map   p'cdccron   e?'.   wth   the most   sophisticated   equpment   knc^how and experience gttheted ever the yearsSurvey  of India has  carried out surveys  of over three million square kilometers  of area The Training Institute of SOI runs  a variety  of training courses  on all disciplines connected with surveying and map production
5.      Central      Public      Health      and
7.     Central     Ground     Water     Board (CGWB)
The    Central    Ground    Water    Board    is nation’s    apex    body    for    planning,    surveys,
8.  Indian  Council  of  Agricuh^ Research (ICAR)
exploration.
development
and
Indian Council of Agr^.
of
Environmental Organisation (CPHEEO)
Engineering
management ol the ground water
resources  of the country  for irrigation and
other needs  CGWB has  three principal
wings, namely  the Hydro Geological Wing
for
systematic 
hydrogeological
This    organisation    is    vested    with    the responsibility     of     national     level     planning,
programming and advising vanous  State
nvestigations.
geophysical
surveys 
e
Governments 
and
Central
agencies/
organisations 
for
technical
clearance,
monitoring and evaluation of plan
programmes    in    the    fields    of    water    supply and    sewerage    It    is    also    responsible    for formulation       of       vanous       Acts       connected with    public    health    services    in    the    country and   for   bnnginq   out   manuals   on   urban   & rural water supply & treatment schemes
Research is the apex naticna hcdy coordinates research, educator v- instruction in the fields of agncu'tur* animal husbandry and fisheries ICAR - directly involved in research through its institutes which undertakes research r lundamental and applied agricutire t- deal with problems 1 elatirg to tb  States regions nr specific locations. 11 open:e$ through 21 agricultural univers ties as . as public, quasi-publir and 31^ w institutions
Established in 1920. ICAR experience of over 60 years m agroncrJ 
Field studies and research continuously earned out
are he-g .
o r «oi y 
practices.
6. India
Department (IMO)
Meteorological
Establishe
d
over
200
years
back.
India
Meteor
ol
ogical
Departme
nt,
one
of
the
foremost
in
stitutions 
of   its 
kind
«n
the
Worid. is  thcpnncipal Government agencv entrusted with the task  of providing meteorological statistics  required for planning of projects  and forecast meteorological information for optimum operation of weather sensitive activities. The organisation maintains  an exclusive network  of over 4fi9 surface weather observatories  all over the country  and excercises  technical control over a number ol meteorological stations  being maintained by  the State Governments  and other agencies  to record systematic  and regular observations  relating to weather
pholo-interpretation studies  (I AN DS AT imageries), specialised studies  for resources  evaluation and artificial recharge of ground water the Drilling Wing to do exploratory drilling in
prospective areas  and to conduct detailed assessment studies  mending designs, 'nslallavon of exploratory  and observation
wells;     and     the     Development     Wing     for planning     at     the     national     level     of     the allocation     of     f-nancial     resources,     assisting the    stales    in    the    formulation    and    scrutiny of      special      projects      for      ground      water development    and    monitoring,    h’s    fleet    of equipment    includes    various    types    of    ngs [such     as     rotary,     percussion     down     the hole   and   combination   types)   and   also   lias excellent    maintenance,    repair    and    on    job teaming facilities.
characteristics. agronomic 
tillage melliods. water requirement ? crops in different agio climatic region, p tivity. plant protection rrethocs.
ir     ion techniques and ether ali-ed s       Jts
9.      Central Soil and Materials
R     arch Station (CSMRS)
I he Central Soil and Materia*
elements 
like
rainfall
pressure
temperature, wind etc. to detect and track, storms  and cyclones; to monitor cloud pictures  and data from satellites  to detect, locate and record earthquakes; and to issue forecasts  on weather elements  IMD is  equipped with latest technology  and equipment including Super Computer
6p^^rrn Station carnes  our detailed geo-
technics  explosions. construct-on
rawai surveys. pre-imgation soil
stupes, including all required m-situ and
yppnatory testing. It has all the required
scientific-engineering staff as  well as
-C .
llnpaa
ttute
rre - .i^'n V lr"9Bt'5"
^ eJherear*'««X
search-
sophisticated
field /laboratory
pprmabblleerms sThe Maharashtra
..erlaenrgi tn are acfivdy «re
of wn™  «nm<5 and X
Research ins
WUe (MEA|)
-
.ngaton Rl55Mh
Roorkee. Karnataka Fnjrwng Re
search Statnr. Mysore. Andhra ftadesb
Engineering Research Laboratory tfc--
niaya’saga- eir
hanrJe hydrajic -xx -
1
f
eouirments Some of its soeciaiised wmqs
•nclude those of Sail Mechanics and Rock Mechanics
,0    Centr.    '    Waler    and    Power Research S 'lion (CWPRS)
lhe Cor ml Water and Power Re-
s^’ch Stat in* founded in 1916, ’S one of
ehe Foremost organisation in the world in
the eld of hydraulics ana allied research
Plan. UNESCO fellows  and engineers  horn a number of developing countries  have been trained m this Research Station
11.   National   Research   Institutions in Associated Fields
The          32          national          research establishments          compris»ng          national labor.itnries     institutes,     organisations     with RO    held    stations    spread    all    over    lhe country   are   engaged   m   research   activities basic       to       technological       advancement including          environmental          engineering geophysics    and    oceanography    Research Institutions           such           as           National Environmental         Engineering         Research Institute        [NEERI).        Nagpur        National
Institute     of     Oceanography     [NIO?     Goa
studies for sp»l ways outlets, food proto:- Ironworks surge sjstems: eteewfoar art
logy studies; inspection and ca brricr d
ouabty control labo’atonesatpir.ectsiei
b Mtn extend and sophisticated engi
National
Geo-Physical    Research    institute
institutions of excellence hke htfen in? -
™ ice* qand so i ent de facilities it s recog
r
(NGRI),
Hyderabad     etc.,     are     oriented
lutes of Technology situated at New Defh
msec as n regional 'aDoratory of ESCAP
towards 
effect  ve  utilisation  of  natural  re
Bombay. Vacras. Kanpu' 3 Kteraguir.
Region CWPRS provides specialised ser -
sources 
fo    economic   development   These
r
Indian Institute of Scence* Banga'ore
. es tnrough model studies in river and
institutes 
are   the   nuclei   for   vertical   labo
and University o  Rooikee are also asso
4
canal hydraulics, industrial hydraulics,
ratory   to
land]   transfer   of   technology   At
ciatej for rendering consultancy series 
ccasta engineer ng. materials and stfuc- t .res. environmental studies, field investr- gatxins. ■nstnirrieniation ana data proces sing etc It chers training facilities for ind vidual and group trainees in all the disci n' nes lane ed by 4 and several Colomba
NEERI.   the   activities   encompass   the   field of   environmental   engineering   with   special reference   to   air   pollution   conirol.   airqual ity     monitoring     and     emission     ’nventory. water     chemistry     arid     treatment,     water supply engmeenng and d stribution net-
r
to meet the pb requirements
12.            Engineering/Agricultural Department of Slate Government
Hie Irrigation Decartirents. Agncm- ture Departments, Electrcty Boa*ds ano Water Supplyard SewerageBoa-ds ire State Governments Fave a la ge nurocr
□f engineers and agr cultural experts They have long expenerce r p’annmg d~ugn   and   cor.sU,:lion   o*  m*  ***
• r 0 ts cover nq hydraulic Structures l’*e ^rrages reg^m^ra*^
A*ater conveyance s?^5  K'“ |J nas.’tunnels     ^e     shafts     erdc^-^ Mter      supply      and      swe-age^^
<
1
jd
.ngU arent‘a^»anj.^^
B
(rss
tiesllk5pCACr?X’™^exe^ and sw’cnyards coversconstw^P^tcnar.
procurement-
’ ,rr^
maintenance of construe
an .
construcltons'^^^-^
dual'ty control
de -
Acrrong   m   these*
partrents o 9      °*
r   snsaB
WAPCCSf:'ll5a5f3'SPECTRUM OF SERVICES
WAPCOS        spectrum        of        services 
^braces             preliminary 
investigations,
feasibility  studies. field investigations, prefcminary  & detailed designs, preparation of tender documents, specifications, contract management operation & maintenance and institutional development
Preliminary Reconnaissance:
•     collection of data
Investigation/
•        preliminary   studies   based   on   available data
•     fidd surveys (reconnoitoryl
’       preliminary       resources      and      demand surveys & investigations
•          preliminary      soil      investigations      and mapping
•            pre-feasibility        studies,        companng alternatives     and     tormulaiion     of     viable project concept
Fcnsibility/Planning/Projcct Formulations:
•     collection and review of available data
•     field studies including preliminary investigations and surveys
•     study of development potential
•     engineenng studies \ designs
•     socio-economic and olhei sectoral studies
•     systems analysis and comparison of costs and benefits
•     development programming and evaluation
•     preparation of alternative financing plans
•     preparation of detailed feasibility/ planning/pre-inveslment reports
Field Investigations and Testing
•      aerial photography
•      ground control and mapp
•      detailed topographic surveys
•      stop surveys and alignment suveys
•     meteorological/hydrological investigations & hydrography
•      hydro-geological surveys
•      gcological/geotechnicai investigations
•      market socio-economic & resource surveys 
agronomic surveys
and agro-cc?vi mu <
4
soil and land classification surveys 
land slide and erosion control survey
r.nvironmental/pol’ution             owm             4
surveys 
model    testing    o*    hydrau'T   sUdCtcn* soil mechanics/rock mecrann:s
♦ sung analysis
rter and waste-water ovality testing
'
Survey work of Barapuni Reservoir Mecjhn:
Beas Sutlej I Ink Chute Spillway Pandoh Dam, Punjab
8Oro**inflS an<l
pesi0nS'
feasibility
engineering acNice mduding Modifications m designs, drawings, etc during construcwn
n5 pection and quality sur.eHance. tegungofshop/wo^sde
. _p or contractor s/supphers
’pawnee «rf»«
of completed -aotRs
oration and Maintenance:
Institutional/Human Resources Development;
' WNW43 <wer> speal v>-rw^ progra*rrres/a«jrses-n n.ga*xnar< waler rranaqerert
refresh** courses on scecs sxpctt Such as TTin/rcro -yjo-eiecvc schemes
«
co
^» ion.nfl and operation of
cens^1’
Qontr30' a
8
transfer       to       ttchrtiogy       on impler  entatcn  arc  montomg  o< water resources devdopr erxoro^cts
Management
client
■     o**“^     :     3dv.ee     to     the
for
D ce-
,Df
'acilities during initial stages
ma nte nance
Mng   term  operation   and  maintenance
□1 facilities
,nC'U Scn ttende-ers 
^ ,,ca
evaluation
^^•nns of tenders
XX—"d5‘bri*8'
p <3'' Dnnkmg ltaW
Scheme-f^last^an
;j
r
M/croCa^NnSch^^
9MAJOR FIELDS OF ACTIVITY
Surface Water Development
The planning A development of surface water resources  has  traditionally been a mam work  area of the Company Dams/Barrages/Reservoirs  are essential components  of any  liver basin development project WAPCOS and its constituent Central Water Commission have been resoo nsi ole for planning design fit construction of major dams/barrages  all over the country  The Company  has particular specialisation in optimal operation of reservoirs  for which WAPCOS draws  upon its  extensive background in hydrology  ano computer onented modelling studies.
Surface Water Development
Feasibility
Studies
• Identification
• Evaluate i r
•    Preparation   f layouts
•   Lab  studies 
•'InvestigatH
•  Resettles e-
Project Management
• Design
• Specifications
• Tendering
• Contract
• Supervising
EEnnvviirroonnmmeenntt
SSttuuddiieess
•• IImmppaact ct eevavalluuaattiioonn
•• PPllaannnniinngg ffoorr iinntteeggrraatteedd ddeevevellooppmmeenntt
Operational
Studies
• Reservoirs operations
Optimal strategies Multi-purpose operafiona strategies
10Command Area
Development
Irrigation and Agricultural Engineering together with Water Management and Optmal allocation ano apo’iication of water i$ a natural extension of WAPCOS more general activities  Work in this  sector is  often earned out with Company’s  agrculturai constituents  »n order to provide the c'ients  with a total package covering aspects  as 
agronomical.
extension              servees.
CmmartArea Development Project-Kerala
agrculturai economic  services, design of irrigation network  from dam down to on- farm devefooments. design of modern
rngation application systems  (spnnW^f and dnp irrigation] etc  and other relatec aspects  In fact all the schemes  in Inoia have been constructed, operated and maintained by  WAPCOS and its Constituents  State Command Area Development Authorities  & Agnculturai Departments
Command Area Development
Moment of canals 
^’nvestigaion Jy studies
I plans ng istan
Water
Management
*   Quantity  &  quality t assessment
* Allocation
* Optimal strategies eration etc
Agricultural
Services
•  Agronomy
• Agricultural planning
•  Plant & machinery
• Soil? surveys
Cropping     &     farming strategies
Allied & ®rt««'on
Services
• Farmer tiam.ng & panicipaVon
i • Farm plann<ng
\ • product marketing \ strategies
[ Agricultural
’ tn\ironn>ental
• Studies
Salmty
Sot oMBcrvauon
Dry farmingGround Water Development
Sub-surface     water     resources     are    of vital    importance    for    optimal    planning    of water       resources       for       irrigation,       water supply       for       human       consumption       and
industrial
utilisation             Comprehensive
evaluation    of    resources    is    necessary    and best       planned       schemes       often       involve conjunctive     use     pf     surface     and     ground water       WAPCOS       and       its       constituent Central      Ground      Water      Board      employ advanced        techniques        of        aeromagnetic surveys,        remote        sensing        &        photo
interpretation           and           have           acquired
modelling     besides     building     up     knowledge and      expertise      for      conjunctive      use      of surface    and    ground    water    duly    accounting for     special     problems     like     salinity    ingress and drainage
expertise
in
ground
water
resource
appraisal
both
in
investigations
and
Ground Water Development
Hydrological
Surveys
• Identification of aquifer-.
• Quantification
• Quality assessment
• Water balance studies
I Investigation & Exploration
• Drilling
•Geophysical studies
• Remote sensing
• Acqurfer studies
Well-field
Development
• Evaluation of acqurfer
• Weil characteristics
• Weil designs
• Optimisation studies
Recharge Studies
• Artificial recharge
• Well injection nduced recharge
•  Rehabilitation of well
• Auton^tic 5313 collection
12R'ver Management
encr^rh
lr 'creas,ng
urbanisation
encroachment Of flood niain, and / interference              for
etc          n«»r          oevaopmentarpl          actrwies eettc- c., riverr>mvearnagermr^ennatgement       3soect<.
acquired       new       d^ension       th?Drobi
not    now    confined    only    Io
zoning     flood     control     and     design     and ^^Ho^ertrairnngwoXuo
_ev  ew  a  over  oasm  as  a    whole  starting om     geomorphological     aspects     damaS
^equency  anatys.s, „sk assessme " J 
'
2 htJrran
r
aluabon
ec
’         and        above        a        fl^
forecasting and disaciw - WAPrnc^^gement
Wate^rL di
'U
°
cnns,l’ut'^Centra,
d«l     with     such     situation,     nght     from P'anmng a over gauging network to
ign     o     over     training     works     and
□recasting problems.
are,U^ «MWt»to
River Management
River
tuning
-----------------
Real Time
* Wecuon
Forecasting
^ipment selection
River     training
Geomorphology
*  Flood forecasting
models
• Telemetry network 
designs
Special
Studies
• Geomorphology
Rood P^n zoning
• Damage frequency 
Damage       frequency 
^^Inabon
analysis
analysis
• Risk evaluation
Computer based
forecasts
Disaster managementWater Supply & Sewerage
By       the       increasing       number       of population,   nse   in  the   living   standards   and with          rapid          industrialization,          water requirements     are     continuously     increasing Potable     water     supply,     forms     important utility       required       for       human       growth Drainage/treatment      of      waste      water      & sewage        is        also        very        important Recirculation   of   treated   effluent   water   for irrigation        serves        (he        purposes        of environment        protection        also        besides added agnculture produce
Planning     of     rural     &     urban     water supply       schemes/scwage       treatment       and disposal    schemes    has    been    one    of    the major interests of the company abroad
Water Supply Project—New Delhi
Water Supply and Sewerage
• Feasibility repot
• Master plan
• Intake storage
• Pumping
• Pipelines
• Network design
• Water distribution
sewerage collection
Treatment
• Water punficat ?•
• Desalination
• Sewage treatment
• Sludge treatment
• Sludge digestior
• Sewage irrigate-
• Industrial waste treatment
Running and
Operation
• Regular supply ftiganal/pipdine
•  renewal, rep.i r
• Conduit clearing
• Telemetry
• Surge analysis in multistage pumping
Research & Dcvelopi»,cflt
• Leak detection A reduction
• I aboratory testing
• Quality conro
j
14Power Engineering
Power generation is  one of the important aspect of development of water resources  projects  Power generation facilities  comprise basically  all conventions' sources  of energy  viz; hydro, thermal gas. diesel and nuclear The installed general on capacity  in India has skyiocketed a phenomenal twenty  fold growth during last four decades  Storage schemes, run off river plants  major and mini hydro plants, thermal stations  are executed by  WAPCOS m complex  and vanea geological, topographic, climatic and hydrological conditions  «n association with its  constituent Central Electricity Authority  Severa* projects  including design of underground power stations and tunnelling works  have been executed by  the company  Hydro projects  including pumped storage schemes  of varying capacities  with different parameters  have also been designed & executed
Power Engineering
1
Project Implementation
Plant
Engineering
Management
Site selection
’ Design memoranda
•Orgp.w
“^9 of ernsi
formulation
Investigation
Techno-economic evaluation
Feasibility
Equipments
Designs
Specifications
instruction
* System engineering
accounurg system
* Material selection
• Contract tchedulmg
ISwveyr;
*  Erection
•Monitoring
* Data Acquisition sysl
* Environmental
* Architectural design
sup rv>   n
e       SlO
,n8 PectionEnvironmental Studies
Integrated and sustainable development of projects has been one of
the   major   considerations   and   impetus   has to be provided to development of
techniques for quantifiable environmental
impact          assessment planning with consideration Our
and integrated
environmental
engineers and
specialist     scientists     are     keeping     abreast with the knowledge gamed in this field and
also applying these techniques on various projects The pollution control of rivers 
and streams which are getting polluted
due to rapid growth of industry is another important factor
Integrated        environmental        modelling and     water     quality     modelling     for     impact evaluation      of      construction      of      proposed and    existing     water    resource    development project    have    to    be    taken    up.    Integrating limnological   studies   in   planning   models   for better   planning   of   lakes,   reservoirs   etc   is one of the recent fields where company is
making rapid strides. Hanning tor waste water disposal and water quality modelling is another important aspect.
Environmental Studies
Eipa 'tkh High Dam Project-Study of E      'gy
i
Impact
Assessment
Water/AJr
Quality
Integrated
Modelling
<
• Data collection
• Observation network 
• Impact evaluation
• Analysis
design
• Integrated modelling
water quality &
• Assessment repod
• Aeid observation
I
•Lab equipment
air quality 
• Integrated
Development
prediction models
• Lab layout design
plan coven ng Recreat'dn and scaping, catchner• treatment
16Ports. Harbours and Inland Water Transport
Transport of cargo and passenger through over course s very anc &-------------- in the v,orid Trar. .;
low cost is best ers^rec c, -g- waterways in suitable terramanc c-s-r^. with rtaviga bits slop esand secret •.
days, due to the heavy -ue
engmeeis are concernec  Un
A
.
related to the coastline ■
related fields WAPCOS is fut. e - . to undertake consultancy serves - field
Ports, Harbours & Inland Water Transport
rechno-Economic Studies
Investigations
Civil Engineering
’ traffic 
Complex
Infrastructural
Facilities
' destination surveys 
Hydrographic 
surveys.!
mapping
Shipbuilding
toft requirement
of Irafflc
* Natural phenome
nons!
Shiprepair
• Roads
• Power
* Breakwater
Wet   &   dry   docks 
• Water supply
* Shipways
Quays
• Other equipments
Model testing
Ro-Ro terminals
• Loading/unloading
Ashing     Trawler
systems
harbours
Locks
Navigational aids
17Institutional/Human Resources Development
For   reaping   the   full   benefits   of   water resources   projects,   it   is   important   to   train both     the     Water     Managers.     Farmersand other     beneficianes     The     Water     Managers who    are    mostly    the    Irngation    Engineers and       Agncultural       Scientists       are       being trained   through   a   series   of   courses   being organised        by        WAPCOS        who        have specialised                 Human                 Resources Development     Group     The     company     draws the faculty through most specialised
1ruining in Pressure Irrigation System
Training in Command Aiea Development
I'I
ah
Deve
Ina.a iviany u» _____________ ____
sations among its constituents and through the top Research &
•Inprrent Bodies ot the Gove'nre'it :f Many ot these courses werefurdec
bv nternatiortal agencies like USAC & UNDP. These courses have already
br’iPt tied .1 number o* foreign e.ng M horn Philbpines. Burma. Sn LanM etc rtf 9 a'so the farmers for whew such workshops were organised by WA^JJS and they were introduced to the vrprD*#l farming and :giicultiireiH i ‘icestcjei g
with belter practices of •',l management
■ - I CAI XOTHER
FIELDS OF OPERATIONS
Compeer Applications
r a  keen  pace  nth  the  technological van er-ierts tn computer applications m
i-'e •iddd Water Resources Development inc Management WAPCOS nas peered a umber of software
■igm-mes and has successfully utilised
•hen   n   India   and   abroad   Services nrnvied  in  Computer  ^plications  are
•   wdiwre   ano   software   consultancy
•or  application  io  various  facets  of Abler Resources E’*y neermg.
H.dmmgcal  Modelling  lor  yield  and
rood fans
rtooc Precasting
’.tithe-atica' Modr*
ng    for    multi-
multi-r
operation
)5
e reservoir
zo-economic
*gicu'iurai and
“Odels
«
Coring arfd
uuation and
Computer Aided Bercr Mark Surveys Qoiro.ier Aided Design/Drawing/ [striate o* Engineer.ng structures Gor;uter ^plications to Command Area Surveys including micro anaisatcr etc
Geo-Technical Services
Computer Unit—WAPCOS
Geo-Technical Investigations, Pancheshwar Project-Nepal
Strxtura' and hydraulic chancterstics oi the foundations have to te wr-med in order to ensure that
,r A '•'Qnqe/diveaon structures oerform their H Vcvns etfedivey and safely
AAPCOS in association with its
....... its
Wurt member Central Soils &
Soils &
L ’totna Research Station (CSMRSj
’olicwng services using n -°tr ’echniques and specialised ^iwprr.*rn
®e|«Mion m ow-burden
|*
an d rocky
%TP'es. °f e'stu,bed & undisturbed
V ^ ■•^°'pe'n’eab''^ and soil/
'negations ior
‘ geo-physical investigations including
those for seismicity
•    geomorphological investigations
•    construction material surveys
•    laboratory testing of samples
Pisciculture
To augment food supply in a country and   to   promote   self   sufficiency,   the pisciculture  has  to  be  given  required impetus. The fish farming is also important to produce vital proteins in large quantity WAPCOS   and   its   constituent   Indian Council  of  Agricultural  Research  have been associated in this field and scope of services   includes   all   the   necessary operations connected to fresh water fish farming Services being provided are
Freshwater Fish farming Combined  production  systems  (fish with duck)
Fish production on rice fields Breeding of fingerlmgs/fish propagation
Fish health supervision Design construction and Management of Ash Farms Training in pisciculturePROJECTS-ABROAD
COUNTRY/CLIENT
PROJECT
TYPE
I
2
•J 
■1 «1 nJ 
v) wM
1
0 H)
a
L
AIGER1A
of Hydrates
AFGHANISTAN
Mmniry of Water and hrwer
World RankMmrstry o' Water
and Fhwer
Ason Development Hank 
Unstry ol Water and Ho Ar
Wbdd Bank/MImstry cl W'.iiei and Pnwm iTEC/MdWUy cf Water a» 1
Rower
Asian Devdopmert Hank/ Atmstry of Water and Ft*er
IHC/Miiwrtry oL Ware- and Rjwer
OUed Mellouk 
Project
Irrigation and
Water Supply
Salma Dom
Project
Kha no bod
irrigation Project Khanobad Hydro
Qectric Project
Warsej Roject
lower Helms nd
Valley Project
Kajflkai Pbwer
Rroject
Micro Hydd Schemes
litigation and
Hydro Riwer
Irrigat-on
Hydro ttawci
and Transmission
Irrigaton
trrigatiun and Hydro
Power
Hydro Rawer nnd Transmission Hydro Power
Chukha   Hydro   Electric Project
Micro Hydel Schemes
Hydro Power
Hydro Power
rwj v) 5.
•)
fl
•)
id
7
•)
•0
•M)
■e)
BHUTAN
ITEC/Oiukra 5tn.cc 5 Ajtfority 
ITEOGwemmirni ■ ' Bhutan
BURMA
Asian Dr»eloi.'- f '
Imgahon 0epa» inert Asian Development B.i * (Icclnc Rrwc» Corporal*"’ Asian Development (Vink Rangoon C-ty Devrrap ’’ent Asian Development Rank Electnr Rower Corporation A-. an Development Bank
FIJI ISLANDS Government o< r*j»
Or Tl!T6€
Sedowgyi   MuRi Purpose Project Sedawgyi Hydro
Rjwef Pro-eel
Rangoon Water
Suppy Project
Mint Hydro
Project
Rural M«ni
1 Hydro Power Rojects
lrr>gation
Hydro  Power  and Water   Supply Hydro   Fbwet Water   Suppy 
Hydro Ftower
Hydro Rawer
Mero Hyde* Reject
Hydra Power
INDONESIA
World BanVDireclc’ urrwiJi Rjbl’C WP'ks  Gove’pmmt nl Irkjunes'a
Government <1* UuJnres^
Transmigration Setdemen< Deve
Transmigration
Settlement
iopment Project wimpu Rood Control Ro|ect
Flood Control
IRAQ
,
,
Mtrrxtry ol Agnculh •’ i
Irrigation
Ministry ot Agriculture a
:/ngatio"
Mmittry   Of   Agr   uRurr   * irrigation
Ground Wate< Development
Admimslral-n
np
Mirwtry   ol   Ag'ii   Jtuie   A   J   5     ?«_ Mirevfv □* Agriculture A iiQJt'On
Amann irrigation
and Drainage Project Water Research Centre. Baghdad
Krfil ShinaTtya
Irrigapon and
Drainage Roject
Ground Water Development Roject Irrigation Project Bakuman Dam Project Khali Un Dam Project
Irrigation and
Salmity Control
Const iuc ton
Mena gem ert
tir.gdlon Pood
A salinity
Control
Ground Water
Drve'cpmenl
Field Surveys 
Hydro Rjwci
Hydra Power
Tonlew p
Project
Hood Control
Navigatiun and
^sciculture
S
Government o* Loos
Gcneffvnerl of LaDS
As-»n Development B^nk Government of U*O5 Goveflwenl oi Laos
NJdona| Ele<:inf':> Brt3'd o1
the Swim of Way*»___________
~ MAURntUS
Government of Maur t u»
Nao Lilt n»-
gation Scheme
Mo Liao Protect Waier Resources Dorlppmcn: Project Small Scala trngabon
Roject
Irrigation
Irrigation
Irrigawin
irrigation
Pnsir Gudang Theme! Power Station Port Wang
R>wer Slaton
Thermal Rjw«K
Thermal Rn*e»
& KV Ira ram. won
Lines Project
Transmission
of Rrwer
2UCOUNTRY/CLIENT
PROJECT
TYPE
rI
Sonnet Nepa1
. . r*eor em ^’,rr'*n<
N<p*'
Go»r' <
r
rt N<p*
4
14 r__
Gc^n-X o'Nepal
mOtk Gownwrs o» N»u«
Imo ftver Bav Dr»w. AdhorrtF
Tnsuli Hyde* Protect Devgha! Hydef Project Dhangartv 
Ground Waler Protect Kamali [Chisapami MJppurpose Project Mmi Hydro Project Chandra Canal Project
Pancbeshwor MiMti Purpose Project
pmotmb *wn
Miorai .TnjHc- Arwiiirxcn
asnlv
■)
*-Wn -^wlopmni ft*x ***«r»Scn
^■nsi-itcr
£**hiion
y*l2’W>on
wl
I
l‘Xr
■i
Hydro Power Hydro Power Irrigation
Multipurpose Hydro Power Irrigation
Multipurpose
Water  Supply Irrigation
Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation
a
Sgte* 
fes-*"
Water Supply Schemes in Comonmenta
Upper Mamu River Project
I First Mindanao
| irrigation Study 
Second Mindanao Irrigation Study Aguiar DeHur lmgation Protect Pulangui Irrigation Project
I Second Davao
Del None Im-
' gation Project
1 Allah Rwer Irrigation Project
Two Diversion Dems Project
Tago River Irri gation Project Abulug River imgatxxi Project
Bteol River Basrn
’'evelopment Project Ministration
h»<d Davao rngatcn Project
lum Scale rngauon Project Undoro & Palawan
Hydro Pru ect5
eparabon of
t
esign Manuals ifkr. rk-
te r?
n
Darn
_ ^'PowPro-ct
^H^Seldem. U*Waia
lent
Irrigation Irngoiion
H ^o Power Irrigation Drainage
Mul’< Purpose Pwu * H^bou,,
^OPoww
lrn Bo«on
,,n O®t»on Powe
Technical   Assistance/Apwaory Services/Review and AppraisalCOUNTRY/CLIENT                PROJECT        TYPE
E
1
&
-
i
«e
It
0
■)
-1
SULTANATE OF OMAN
Minatry of Agnculture A Fisheries 
GM and Tanui Dem
Hydro Power
Project
Ministry of Agnci^fure A Fisheries
Ground Water
Recharge Schemee m
Wilayst Serried Area
Ministry of Agriculture A Fisheries
Ground Water
Irrigation
Irrigation
Recharge Schemes 
m Shuus Are*
*)
D«eclor   General   of   Techmcai
Affairs 
Ansab RockfiU Dem
Hydro Power
Project
*)
Dw«oo» General of Technical Affairs
Muscat Concrete Dem
Hydro Power
Project
20
SYRIA    ARAB    REPUBLIC
Ministry af irrigation
Zeizoun and
•1
Hydro Power
Kai town Dams 5
Related Pump Stations
21
0
Tanzania
Ccwernmem of Tanzania
Singida Regton
Water Resources 
GcMumerfl al Tanzania
Development Project Rehabilitation of
Development
Water Supply
Water Supply System
72
0
VIETNAM
Four Dams 
Unted Naucm/Minatry of Hydraulic Resources
Irrigation and
■1
AOrtd Barr*
Project
Hydro Power
Dau Tieng Project
Irrigation
21
0
ZM8ABWE
Bectnc Supply ComaussorV
Government of Zvnbabwe
Operation and
Munterurvre of
Thermal Power
Power Slatons
24
•1
/AMBIA
Govt of Za~t>j
Teshneshi
Seismic
Lake-Stage-I I
»
0
4)
-1
0
ETH0P1A
Nataxwl Water
Resource Commission FTEC/Government of Ethopta fTEC/Gowrnment of Ethiopia
MOZAMBIQUE
Natxxrai Directorate of Water
Master Ran for National Water Resources Ejera Project Scwir Project Messenger Dem
Water Resources Develop rrj ent
Water Resources Development Project Water Resources Development Project
Rehabilitation
Studies
77
REPUBLIC OF YEMEN
0
Ministry of Agriculture 4 Fisheries
Surdu Project
hrlgation
•»)
Water Corporation
Area
Uiboos Are*. Water
Water Supply
Supply Project Stage I
22PROJECTS IN INDIA
STATE/PROJECT
i. i a
/uyOHRAPRAOESPHower Station
Sagsr Prefect
JJrer*»Mn of Water Supply  ^Hyderabad
ASSAM
onopm*   i   tWT   on   Brahmaputra   finer Motrrrwu 5t-d»tt ot R/vtr. Brahmaputra
BiHAA Sow Canal 5ut*marr«
MMlGicr WverCtoli
er.-walion Project
red
r Thermal Powr Static* Bagman at Dinnghat
DELHI
Lead Deca1 afofl for Northern RfQicn Oectnoty *
GUJARAT
'JnJfrnpil         l1 A'at’ak Reserve*/ Project Ecowiks ■      ?te in Concrete Lirsno Caranga-^. , -jrjan projects
01M Sttfi.e. 01 J«vt Irr^bon Project!
GOA
-------- ---------
’*crmai Pov^tr
H)drc P^er
Water Soppy
Inland Water fcnfrnetnng
•rtipeuon
Powe Thermopower HyrJrotogcni Studies
Power Trsnnmctsaon
'nigibon
F| 0©d   Control ‘"'flaton
AnunmM- -ikJc'Scheme Du^ugif M n. Hytkr Scheme *M¥U 4 KASHMIR-
A^Sagr l
Se*e   Sujr   |
yvn^-U^an,^ Ln)( L|[enj|<w
HWACHAI PRAOESH
-------------
’^^
I 1 KARNATAKA
Rofung pm Marull
______ _
_^prKmhna j^.j
•WHARASHTRA ----------------------
-------------------
Power
T u*x*ng Tunnefleq Im^uon
legate*
PRADESH------—----------- ------ **’ron HToiect
9*nte a-------------
■
S&M Sch»^« gsS««■■
if^enut
V Port
tr,c *o|ect
i her mat Pnwe«
^QnoXiure/
‘ration
AgrciAMt/
trupnofi
Irrigate*
trnjitJon
Imgaten
•rtigabon
imgnon
Multi Purpose
in>gjtx>n & Computer Apprfiauon
Water Suppry 
Water Sugg*
Water Supply
Tountm
Development Enwmtcft
Irrigation 4 Hydro Ftwtr Port Oretopment Hydro Power
Imgttxxt Irrigation
Hydro Power Hydro Power Hydro ft>*eSTATE/PROJECT
pondichery (U.T)
RAJASTHAN
Rajasthan Canal Project
------------ -----
Wan
‘ nd'r’ Gand” 
*--yo,na suoe.H
SonitOarh Hydel Project
Hydel Project
I Hyde Projit
^>Q»* II Hyde Project
Ojaranwah     Hyde     iyOK5ct
Bhimsagar Hyde- Project
Bench ^a^ Surveys
UTTAR PRADESH
Upp«r Genoa Canal Moderation Pro-ec
—
^!!Ory *>nn,n0 Group for Modernl»X
Upper Gan^a Canal hro.eet
n
Bate Une Socro-Economic Survey
Diversion of Gar™ Pilot Channel at Kanpur
rtSSl"nd tv’lu*,'on o' lotceratad Watershed Management WEST BENGAL
Subernarekha   Barrage   Cum   Oolong
Reservoir FYoject
Composite   Irrigation   Proieet
Nasal Hydel
Neom   Hydel
Dudhia Hyde
Blum Hydel
Rammam Hydel Project Staged
Rammem Hydel Project Stage II
Baiasun Hydel FYoject
Subernakerha FYo-ect
HARYANA
North   West   Drainage   Project   Covering
Suites of Haryana Rjnpb and Rajasthan
TAMIL NADU
Inatrumentaton  and  Study  of  Structural  Behaviour  of Solhupim DamW/ »PCOSOFFICES IN INDIA
JODHPUR
**
CORPORATE OFFICE
—-               -Kailash” 26 Kasturba Gandhi Marg,
NEW DELHI-110001
Phone: (91-11) 3313131-4.
Fax: 3316403
Telex: (81 31) 61961 WAP IN
B-3 & 4. Community Centre.
B 1. 8lock Janakpun
NEW DELHI-110058
Phone    5507580.    5507780    &    5508468 Telex: (81 - 31) 76215 WAP IN
; B 25. Community Centre.
B i. Block Janakpun.
W   r Ho(JSe _
GIIWAHA7I
NEW o£LHI
IRAQ
WAPCOS (|) LW .
F'ot No 106. Sector 7
New Po  e
JODHPUR 342001
WAPCOS Ltd
Chandan Nagar,
Basisiha Road.
Behola.
GUWAHATI-781026
WAPCOS OFFICES ABROAD
WAPCOS (INDIA) LTD
NEW DELHI 110058
309/41/to. Hay AiQahra.
Phone: 5599096-97, 5507617
Wazinya, Baghdad
IRAQ
9. Communrty Centre,
Saket.
Tele H8223I6
Telex 2481 EPI IK
NEW DELHI-110017
Phone: 6352025 6852802 & 660103
Attn- Project Manager WAPCOS
ETHIOPIA
BHUBANESHWAR
REPUBLIC OF YEMEN
JAIPUR
SHU LONG
WAPCOS (I) LTD
N-2,    185.    Nayapalli.
I.RC Village. BHUBANESHWAR 751001 Phone (0674] 57695
WAPCOS (I] LTD.. Cha man Villa,
29.   Hathroi   Fort. JAIPUR-302001 Phone (0141) 69926
WAPCOS (I) Ltd
Phone (0364) 22375
WAPCOS (T) LTD. 6-Kha-7. Pa wan Puri, South Extension. BIKANER-334001 Phone (0151) 6013
SUL LANATF OF
WAPCOS (INDIA) LTD.
C/n Indian Embassy.
ADDIS ABABA.
ETHIOPIA
: WAPCOS (INDIA) LTD..
Laboos Area Water Supply Project Post Box No 4004
Craten Aden
REPUBLIC OF YEMEN Telex 2320 YD MEYAH Attn Team Leader WAPCOS
WAPCOS (INDIA) LTD.
Losimet    Lower
Nongrim
Hills,
OMAN
PO Box 7234,
SHILLONG 793003
Muttrah (MUSCAT).
SULTANATE OF OMAN
BIKANER
INDONESIA
^PIPADA
Lll CKN0W
p AlP|jp
• WAPCOS (I) LTD .
Murugabadi.
BARIPADA-757002 Phone: 106792) 2840
WAPCOS (I) I TD.
3 C. Gokhale Marg.
LUCKNOW-226001
Phone     (0522)     233545
Phone: (0522) 247193
WAPCOS    (I)   Ltd.. Gitanja.i Nagat.
P.O    Shankar    Nagar,
z  Raipur 492007
Phone: (0771) 424)47
ZIMBABWE
Tel: 713571
: WAPCOS (INDIA) ITD
Ji. Asrrod No. 10.
Kehayoran Lama.
Jakarta -fiaraL
INDONESIA
Telefax (62-21) 5482067 WAPCOS (INDIA) LTD..
C/o Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority.
25. Samora Machei Avenue. PO No. 377. Harare ZIMBABWEWater and Power Consultancy Services (India) Limited
(A Government of India Undertaking) Kailash'. 26 Kasiurba Gandhi Marg. New Delhi 1 lOOOi
Phone (91-11) 3313131 4. Cable WAPCOS New Delhi Telex (01) 31-61961 WAP IN. (81) 31-76215 WAP IN
Fax: (91-11) 3316403WATER AND POWER CONSULTANCY
SERVICES (INDIA) LIMITED
(A GOVERNMENT OF INDIA UNDERTAKING)
HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
GROUP (HRDG)
if* O’*
sou/?Ces
M^ pRAcr e
/c
fl lfiRIG^\& LA/Vo &
wrrE*^     .     AG^ctn5^     'A     D£,velo^
hill ^GflON
t )> ENr
con^oel Of VE\P  pMENr
o
*«CR0'    0      M^exl    oe^eTWO^ ConW^ON                 xjAENT
Q f?oo^nXx sys> _.
r
^AN-P°
T sr
«£> ”KWAPCO5
WHAT IT IS :
TRAINING ACTIVITIES
The compony p-ovc>es profes&oro ror rg z service personnel of various leves These z ~e vorying durations of a few days ro a fez/ wee - ’■ .
- ^z~c -codes CLOedx>rreertheneedsofi
-.o-sshcps semncrs cro ccn^ercrs ore of
•: - such rramng rode: Were -ewjre
management Irrigated ognculfure proc >ces c is srd worec development Cowjcrcr.
management Miao Hyde' developme-' r Cc~ ~ z z zgvetopmert; Dsrfounon system nexxk 
Ground water management. Irnganon system c z‘ z~ zrc Ervronrnenrol ssues and sPurors Srce 1984 WAPCOS has conduced 100 shorn term re^esre^ - ses ^•cxKsbops of 1-3 wee^s cLronon n different pans cf rhe country on specialised suojecs 'e- s*e< *o water resources engineer*} and has rroined over 2800 participants from different Store Ce*”c -^genoes/Organoonons.WAPC05
CAPABILITIES, activities g achievements
0           ^Pm^rContultancy Services
•  Iraq
•  Laos
• Molaysio
planning rrKm^'^of'M°nPO'*e<
Jd^APCOS). o Govt of
•
Mauritius
J off or
' TQ,0'n9 o'
Me^ng .5 o mu/n disciplinary 
•
Mozambique
^.rt vaoMOHon lr renders
•
Nepal
<?xper se^ces m rhe
•
Niger
In 1966
^o^^ces^oprrsenr
•
Nigeno
"the leading orgon^non for
•
Philippines
T'onng ro '<wtv.ce
•
Republic of Yemen
Technologist. Former ere in
•
Singapore
yd other developing countries
•
Solomon Islonds
•
South Korea
&CHNICAL EXPERTISE
•  Sri Lonko
f
WAPCOS echn col mon power
•  Suiranare of Oman
aynp'ses a large number of experts 
•  Syrian Arab Republic
WHAT FT DOES
a wide range of disciplines wirh
•  Tanzania
WAPC05 HAD Group provides 
f
<y^ ad ich experience In addition,
•  Vietnam
professional framing ro In service"
nos the unique advantage of
•  Zambia
•  Zimbobwe
peering persona* ognculrurol
^Rrov. rig fact V horn various unr/e^j ties
^g-neet. ogncuh/oi saenrish     □«
erc
experts horn Central and State
over rhe country and to wnilcx 
Governments orhe reseorch institutes
REGISTRATION
personnel drawn from several
resources and ogncultural
WAPCOS Human Resources
developing counmes (or international
organsotions It has established links wfhliMi Sri Lanka, or nrernotionol ironing we and is associated with USAID oxj World Bank sponsored rsonon Management Development Programmes m Ind a
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
WC05 has standing a^ongemenrs wiih ail leodng technical and reseorch rwjhony cxgonisorions/deporrmenrs m
■tie wotei resources sector m Indic for arv soecitic srudy n rhe field or in the
Development   Group   is   m   association with rhe following •
•  USAID
•  World Bonk
•  LIMI. Sn Lanka
It is planning to be progressively involved with other International Organisations and U N specialised agencies
»
WAPCO5 HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT GROUP (HRDG)
WHAT IT IS :
level) eg
•  Afghanistan
•  Iraq
•  Burma
•  Ethiopia
•  Nepal
•  Philippines
•  Sn Lonko
•  Vietnam
•  Zimbabwe
The personnel rroned by WAPCOS ore
playing a key role ro bui d up expertise
in water resources deve'opaenr in their
respective Srores/Counmes One of rhe
[ COMPUTER FACILITY
WAPCOS has o recognised Human
main objectives of ths Group is ro ,
*APCO$ has i«j
Resources Development Group (HRDG)
snmulore ond promote rhe oerznes m
to design and impart training
rhe field of rraining The HRD Group
programmes in oil aspects of worer
envsoges rrolning programme os o
resources development and
dynamic pilot enterprise with iis
management India s experience m
porennol in the multi-disapiinory fields
water resources development has
ro achieve greoresr coherence in
shown that orrennon for manpower
Imporring Technology Transfer through
COUNTKIES OF OPERATION
development has nor kept pace with
the insrrvmenrol medio of rromlng both
Vft PCOS ocnwies are wide-speed
In laboratory ond in field.
I
r<J c and overseas countries The
rhe massive development of octrvines in
this Sector
WAPCOS Group on HRD is dedicated ro
:oj-*es abroad include
aeore on increased a^o'eness of the
In September 1964 rhe Ministry of Worer Resources. Govt of India entrusted WAPCOS to conduct training counes/workshops under Development and Management Training (DGMD Project Indio in association with rhe leading Institutions ond all Srate ond Cenrrol Government Orgonisonons Subsequently rhe Norionol Conference of Irrigation Ministers in July 1936 olso^
usefulness of Impamng on Job training also in regions where it is nor being done so for. The objemves of HRD Group ore mostly accomplished by convening, organising ond cosponsoring con%xehens.ve programme of Tron/ng Wortshops Semina's synposio ond
stud/ 'ours The stud/ roun ore
agonised o enob’e rhe participants to
ocquire a far hand knowledge of the
I
I
f•  Imgotion methods
•  Recycling of drainage worer
•  Gopping patterns worer
requirements and rorononol supply
•  Earthmoving calculations in OFD
works
• Working our costs of various items of Chok Development
5.             Conveyance and Distribution System.
Durotion : Two weeks
The workshop is intended for civil and agricultural engineers or junior and middle levels The objective is to import theoretical knowledge and to develop practical capabilities in the planning, designing and implementation of the conveyance and distribution system including layout of water courses, lining estimation of warer losses, calculations of carrying capacities of irrigation channels for multiple cropping etc
•  Estimation of water losses
•  Project worer allowance ond fixotion of command area
• Water carrying capacity of irrigation channels for multiple cropping
•  Duty of conveyance and distribution nerwcxk
•  Design of underground pipeline system
•  Loyour of warer courses
•  Lining of water courses
• Measurement of irrigation water
•  Benefit-cost analysis of irrigation sysrem
•  Worer application efficiencies
•  Hill erosion and its control.
•  Worobandi or Irrigation rosrer for the outier command
6.  Economic Analysis of Hill Area Projects
Duration Two weeks
The workshop Is intended for junior and middle level civil ond ogncplrural engineers and agricultural officers engaged m project plonning ond implementation The objective of rhe workshop is to enoble plonnet/decision makers to undertake rhe feasibility anolysis or economic appraisal of a project and to choose between
different kinds of projects
•  Economic onolysis Idennticorion of project costs and benefits collection of do to for economic analysis
•  Measures of Project worth like Benefit Cost (B C ) Rotio Net Present Worth (NPW) Internal Rote of Return (IRR) ond Amomzor|on
•  Privore profitability and finoncial appraisal
•  Voluotion shadow prices shodow woge rores accounting prices conversion factors
•  Feasibility of watershed management schemes minor irrigation schemes (including rubewells) in hilly regions performance factors like land levelling, lining, pipelines sprinklers etc
7. Integrated Project Pfenning and Management
Duration Two weeks
The workshop is intended for middle and senior level civil engineers ond agricultural officers engoged in preparing, supervising and deoring of irrigation ond agricultural projects If is designed to provide rhe participants a sectoral view of rhe water resources availability and requirements different aspects of plonning design methods construction ond structural problems design of cropping systems cost benefit onalysis. sensitivity analysis, ere
• Project area present situation Location, climate factors, topography soils dromoge crapped areas ond yields lond tenure situation agricultural infrastructure facilities
•  The Project Project objectives planning criteria. construction srondords project works investigations designs construction merhods
• Wanning and design of worer harvesting schemes
•  Hydrology of smoll watersheds
•  Design of cropping partem
•  Irrigation water requirements ond worer budgets; calculation of crop worer requirements by srandord methods
•  Cost estimates and analysis
•  Project implementation and executing agencies
•  Agricultural support facilities
Z Chok development. conveyance ond distribution system
•  Project evoluanon.---------------------------
^’“^ecopob....................................... ....
° PSdas in rhe coun-ry with specol
,
- tt)rtous          m-iwd aariculruro to
, ^-ence
e
ir rodi<^
ro^9
aoppirig
and      obtain
ord     measurement     of     rhe     mognrvde of rhe problems
•  Physio' measurements of rhe programme to determine 'he octual operaring conditions of rhe system.
•  Concurrent measurement of rhe socio economic conditions to explain -why 
•hese conditions exist
•  Ranking rhe problems according to rheir importance in limiting rhe
targeted gools.
•  Sysremoric presentation of rhe findings 
from available land
in discipline and interdisciplinary
report.
fir' hK £erefram to meet rhe
?AeeOs of the CAD Projea and specific ^rh regord ro
so, ciimare ,,.<Tog'aph<al and
Strive
°
h.p tie noting workshops. WAPCOS Besses -he eqviremenr of rhe CAD
projec concerned; identifies rhe areas of *foknesse' of rhe project operanon
re Targeted audience and the
red’mque ro oe odopred during
ironing for optimisation of resulrs The training workshop/course is oriemed ro compo5ife CAD sroff including Irrigation
□nd Agricultural Engineers Revenue Cooperatives and other deparrmenroi officer n CADA Administration
(kiraiion of each field workshop
■nocared below 15 seven working days
•
Team work for major oarvines
2.
IRRIGATION WATER REQUIREMENTS
b WATER DUDGET:
Irrigation Worer Requirements end Water Budgeting constitute on important aspect of planning and designing rhe irrigation projects os well os of irrigation scheduling The course on irrigation water requirements ond water budget aims or giving rhe concept of crop worer requirements factors influencing them ond methods of computation It olso gives on insight of the concept of irrigation efficiency, rainfall effecting irrigation requirements seasonoi and analysis of woter demand vis a vis avoiloble supplies
•  Concepr of crop water requirements
•  Foaors influencing soil-plant-worer atmosphere relorionship
•  Water application efficiencies.
•  interpretation of soils for irrigotionol use.
•  Worer requirements in terms of aop calendars ond aop growTh foaors
•  Effeaiviry of romfoll
•  Water badgering in different land use systems.
•  Peak requirement of worer
3.    NETWORK DESIGN AND WATER MANAGEMENT:
The irrigation distribution network is a link between rhe source and he end
r
user of ony irrigation The design of rhe network has ro be based on rhe peak period consumptive requirement of the crops m rhe command area On rhe other hand rhe water demand of rhe
evaporrar fip-rcr on loss The course on network design ond worer
management deas with all such aspects including conjunctive use of surface and ground warers
•  Crop worer requremenrs water conveyance ond distribution-problems ond opprooch
•  Topographic and soil mapping, cropping partem assurance of wore-' supply to eoch turnout commend.
•  Land consolidation land
development
•  Conveyance ond distributor network layout
•  Lining of water courses
•  Surface irrigation, irrigonon schedulmg
•  Characteristics of field design of form layouts ond night irrigation
•  Worer measuring structures
•  Design of underground pipelines
• Conjunctive use of surface ond ground
water
•
Enforcement of Rotational Water
Supply and Formers cooperation G
participation
DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS:
<°,rnS QF
,»n  >
k'rpc4rY .J?
■ ^cessfui .q 0Tt^ICOriOn of rhe resu|h
'derwcoi $» inr OreQs w,fh more or
OUt
4.
ANTI-WATER LOGGING AND
DRAINAGE OF SOILS :
W   Qi ** cuuses Qr>d *>e
f       eQil;Tes thereof
^"Cf Q,ea o^d^2!|’besc rneQs<jre5 in
^Tf-eid
^^deficiencies
- r ' '9 sy/er^. system '^iT* P0SS|t>|e
Problem
fl? riar'or«
■ ^ning causes
Xfi n
n
VeS,^Q,'Of'
Many of our Imgonon Projecrs hove ended up with waterlogging ord soli problem in a lorge extent of londs under their commond The course on onn-worerlogging and dromoge of soils 15 designed to enable participants ro analyse the causes ond rhe remedioi measures of reclamation of such lands ond covers rhe aspecs like derermmonon of rhe drainage coefficients types of drainage systems ond the<r design considerations os well os the leochmg requirementsond Qppficanon of soil omendoments 
• Causes of waterfogging.fxjnjraJ otd man-mode.•  Origin ond couses of solr build up m irrigation tends
•  Reclamation ond management of salt-effected ond olkoii soils
•  Necessity of drainage m conal areas couses of damage and effect on aoo
growth
•  Approach to droinoge problem
6. ROTATIONAL WATER SUPPLY (RWS):
Water Resources m most irrigation projects ore limited This colls for equitable distribution of rhe ovoiloble irrigation worets to all potential users The course on rotational worer supply 
(RWS) is designed to apprise rhe
participants of rhe concepts of rotational
benefioory former also considering losses in conveyance and time required for water ro rrovel m rhe field channels
•  Modus operandi
•  Imgotion interval ond depth of warer application
•  Assessment of rrovel time ond conveyance loss
•  Design derails of RW5 in differenr stores
•  Govt of Indio guidelines regarding introduction of RW5
P    o(
•  Concept soiienr. J’Ojecn. ‘ntegrore^ocX' of
•   Strategies p6hc.es
formulohon of
monagemenr Of agricultural p(od utllKodon POdUCT'^'oro r!;
0)
•  Types of drains sepoge drains come
worer supply and distribution of water
drains mum droins
wirhm rhe ourler commands in
^enrificonon
of
COn^.
proportion to the area owned by the
deficiencies
•  Droinoge investigations topograph' rainfall intensity soil characteristics irrigation methods
•  Leaching requirements and leochmc methods
•  5urfoce dromoge design criteria design derails structures
•   Design discharge for open ditches drainage  co  efficient  construction, maintenances
•  5ub surfoce dromoge relief drainog-? mrercepnon drains, design, layout of Structures
5.  ON-FARM DEVELOPMENT :
7.             SPRINKLER AND DRIP IRRIGATION:
•       Equable     efficent    and
urilisotion of worer °Pf,rrw.
^nP^PrOreCT,OnCh^o«0rd
•   Building up of on odequQre rPseQ,.
base, extension oaMt.es lfx(
ftanmg programmes, for extend
WDri'.ers, farmers educotion ond
•raining.
•   Modernising form practices
•  Adopts rra.als demonsrronrn etc
• Inircouct on of social foresry  m village
The main objective of on form
Warer should be applied in rhe tied
common lands
such that rhe losses in opplicorion are
_ vis on of infrastructure, rurc roods 
development is ro prepare rhe imgated
minimised and uniform distribution of
t L.ehng, storage. agricu'runl red■»
area ro receive worer in on efficient
worer over rhe field plot is attained.
pro .essing Industries
manner Th s requires rhe water
distribution network ro be carried dowr
There ore differenr methods of water
'•'.dirional implementation p-awg
ro rhe mdrv dual fields as well os 
application suited ro different conditions 
.hniques ond methods, the r
of soils crops and worer availability 
• ccequacies ond deficiencies 
providing a drainage sysrem which wi.’
Sprinkler and drip ore rwo innovative
n ' siecr implementation planning tv
remove excess warer from irrigated
fields ond p oper land grading ro
r
worer opplicorion methods which afford
work techniques (PERT/CRM).
facilitate efficient water application and
large worer savings due to high
1
o ; it (data) for imp'emenroron
application efficiency The course on
pluming system
quick droinoge The course on on-farm
• PERT CPM exercises in relation rc 
sprinkler ond drip irrigation is designed
mplementotion planning
development aims or giving rhe
to apprise rhe participants abour rhe
concepts of planning designing and
adoptability and advantages of these
maintenance of rhe component work 
rwo methods over rhe conventional
9 ECONOMICS OF VARIOUS CAD
for on form development including
surface irrigation methods, as well as 
COMPONENTS
I
i
water control structures and lining of
irrigation chonnels
planning ond design aspects
Economic feasibility 
based on comparison
-r
gc O
benefits The
•  Approach and concepts
•  System components
or      CAD      project      are
cr °g
,
•  Planning and design
byproducts
mvesrment on .mgofior. sy^
I
i
•  Survey ond mapping
•  Determinorion of irrigation losses
• Crop wa er requirements ond systerr
r
•  Agronomic aspects
drainage system
.^er^edocr^^
C a>~e «
scheduling
•  Adaptability
•  Operaring pressure
economics of various 
jt
•  Planning and design
Hydraulics
components.
•  Structures
Design cnrerio
comparison ^OP -echrnq^ t
and form budge ' 9   pc^ '7'
m
r
•  Lining of held channels
• Compurorioo
•  Estimation construction operation
8. RESOURCE & INPUT OPTIMISATION :
ecoocxnic ona
resting and maintenance of field
Land ond water ore rhe rwo basic
chonnels
resources m agriculture The course on
» Land shaping levelling ond grading
Resource & Inpur Optimisation apprises
field layout
rhe participants of the aspects of
mobilization and management of
» Lond consolidation
these resources in relation to cropping
• Gop
budgenng
partem water management and rhe
Field dromoge12. project progress monttoring  command areas gves an over/lew of
. poto'^i^d 'eve* Underground
<o^'^ON
10 SY5TIM5(M,5) _ err Informorion
m
5 on ^°pOQem-^rPors of the n' g^^rrS^ ° MI5
f
5y^ 1 and *undor
"Ln r;a of MIS
' j pfRT b
S
IxSd
. -i.0 q/ves
MS fO<
,jS
Tonons c/io ~
Xr-=-*"”"“'dO“,to'1"' rf’JSS.V*- •o,io“ **
jnd cborocensns of
•KC-co^ondprocesiing crvnoe one femevol
~ ^Xlved n MIS: design repomng
<ormory .nfc'morion flow system morronnq
• Guidelines fix developing on MIS or CADA’evel larger setting
peiformar<e norms
• Repmirg ond doro storage formats: quarterly ond annual review of various components of CADA.
11 FARMERS PARTICIPATION :
termers are rhe u In mote users of ory i^gorion project Their mvoivment
r '^nnogemenr is foe foundation
s*one of successfij functionmq of such projecs The course of formers'
F^O^rnfSr^5,grM?d ,O QpPf lSe
^'‘■yrr-or- r' 7* Qnd ,echr"Ques 
,n oolorm
,ln ®
covers voflous
_ m drfferXit e^ence
P<O^ and
Wohccsoftt^2'”hon °'wel1 05
^'epotion
Hoefers
The successful management of ony irrigation projea 6 largely dependent
on rhe existence of a perfect mon.rorng system Doth physical ond financial monitoring are equal in importance
The course on project progress monitoring is deigned to apprise rhe participants of Techniques
•  Marnx organisation
•  Principles of Network Technique (PERT/CPM)
•  NICNET ond Project Monitoring System
•  Dodger>nq for control accounting system
•  Orgontsononol structure
•  Cutting office cost
•  Elements of CAD Programme
•  Progress analysis of CAD programme
•  Management of CAD project fund flows
13. PROGRAMME PERFORMANCE
EVALUATION
The performance of an irrigation project con be judged from rhe physical and economic indicators of rhe project performance The course on projecT programme performance evaluation is designed ro appose rhe participants of rhese indicators, rhe cost benefit onolysis rhe socio economic surveys and rhe social and political aspects of project evaluation.
•  Physical performance indicators of CAD Projects
•  Economic indicators of Project Performance
•  Cost ond Benefir Ratio
•  Socio-economic bench mark survey
•  Social and poll heal aspects of project evaluation
•  Formers participation end its relevance ro project performance
•  Institutional conrexr of irrigation management
14.  ADAPTIVE TRIALS IN COMMAND
AREA
On-form development and water management are rhe two core activines of rhe CAD programme There ore various problems related to these aspects for instance if field chonnels 
hove to be lined what would be rhe extern of li< m required if drainoge
and fond grading are required whar would be rhe degree ro which these should be taken up. whar should be foe frequency ar which different crops will require waterings and how should it be fined to foe running of rhe irrigation system wifoour offeenng foe crop yelds The course on Adoptive Trials in
foe ocaprrve research requirements of
foe command area foe methodology 
and mpiemenroricn of odapnve
research and foe field studies carried our
m different projects
•  CXe'-ziew of adaptive research
(different types)
•  Problems Of Water Monogemenr
•  Brood objectives of odoprtve research
•  Mefo odology of odoprve research
•  Imp emenronon of adaptive research
•  Fiekr study on adoptive research programme
15.            SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENCH MARK
SURVEY
In a developing economy foe results of investment ore measured m terms of raised Mog srondords of foe people An ifogoticn project is o means of changing foe soc o-economic conditions The
course an SoaaEconomc Benchmark Survey, is designed ro oppose foe porticiponrs of foe steps nvdved no t,a w preparation of a socio-economic bench mark survey, mdusrve of preparing inventory of resources, review of programmes ord opproisol of ocrrvines with a view rc assessing foeir relevance Steps involved in rhe preparation of o socio-economic bench mods survey
(o)  Preparation  of  on  inventory  of  local resources  viz.  population  area  ond locofion — specific resource dora.
(b)    Listing of economic ocrivihes wifo details of institutions engaged
(c)    Oner  infrastructure  social  ond institutional fodines.
•  Review of on-going programmes
•   Appraisal of ocnvines with o view’ ro assessing foeir relevance
b Identification of consnronts encountered in foe implementation of or. going programmes1 MOENITORING PROJECTS USING
TRAINING MODULE
>R IRRIGATION PROJECTS
NETWORK TECHNIQUES
Objective
To develop rhe knowledge and skill of rhe Project engineers about rhe viral role of continuous monitoring of various components of a project ond rhe modern rools available rherefor m timely completion of rhe project
•  Concept of Project Scheduling and
.Monitoring
•  Dasic Network Techniques
•  Project Moniroring Techniques
•  Monogemenr Infornnonon System and Computer
•  Financial ond Administrative
/Monitoring
2. APPRAISAL OF PROJECT INCLUDING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS USING INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN.
Objective
L
To oppose rhe participants about rhe
•
4. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS
Objective
To apprise rhe project engineers of rhe various aspects G techniques involved in rhe operation 6 maintenance of Irrigation Projects keeping os objective rhe efficient monogemenr G upkeep of rhe irrigation projects
•  General Concepts
•  Operation Monogemenr
•  Water Utilisation Pion
•  Water Distribution
•  Maintenance Planning
•  Monitoring of System Operation
5. DESIGN OF DISTRJDUTARY NETWORK
Objective
To opprise rhe project engineers obour
rhe present concepts on the design of
disrrkbwtary network starting from water
objectives ond methods cf economic 
courses and field channels incorporating
analysis of irrigation projects for
designed cropping partem, crop
enabling projecr comparison or rhe
rotanon, soil characteristics etc
decision making stage The internal rote of return being considered to be rhe mosr sensirive instrument of measure has been dealt with emphasis
•  Concepts of Economic ond Fmonool Anolysis
•  Techniques of Projecr Appraisal
•  Cash Flows
•  Merhods of Bonking FYojects
•  Application of rhe Techniques — Practical Sessions
•  Public Projecr Appraisal
3.  CONTRACT MANAGEMENT
Objective
To apprise rhe senior level engineering officers of rhe viral
conrrocT monogemenr of o Project o rhe rools ro be oppbed for
contract monogemenr v/hile execun g Concept of Conrrocr Management Inremononol Competitive Oidd.ng (ICD)
Projea Cosr
Advance Contracting Conrroa Monogemenr Settlement of Disputes
•  General
•  Network below Outlet
•  Network above Outlet
6. QUALITY CONTROL IN IRRIGATION PROJECTS CONSTRUCTION
Objective
To apprise rhe project engineers of rhe various aspects of quolity control construction in order ro ensure quality of work in tune with rhe design assumptions b specifications for me sofery of rhe structures
•     General
Material Investigation Construction monogemenr Organisation for Quality ControlFar further derolls
Please address
Addl Chief Engineer (Training)
Human Resources Development Group, Water & Power Consultancy Services (India) Limited, (WAPCOS)
B-3, Community Centre B-1 D*od< Jonokpur New Delht-110 056
Telephone .■ 5595646 5507560 Telex 31-76215 WAP IN
Gram WAP JAP 110056 Fax ; (91-11) 3316403WAPCOSNordic Consulting Group (NG)
2.4a
l\JP
SOPDtC
*> mm* •*•’
cnBANGLADESH
c^'b/,rty StlX^ PfQiect Forrnu|abon Missis on -Yrif tiectnlicabon Programme m Feni, Noakali Ur- Patuakhai BPS DANIDA
Appraisal oi Eipansion of Flood Forecas* nq and r ( Services (FAP 10). DANIDA
Appraisal Md-lezm Rev-e* and Project Comp r.-t ■ i Mission o‘ Grameen Bank Phase III NORAD Management Adviser Consultant to Unde^x vjleq-.d Children Educational Programmes (UCEP;, DANlD- BOTSWANA
kJcntrfrcation and Feas^ty Study North-£as  Cluster Rura Electnlication Project DANIDA
CAMEROON
Review of Water Project. Technical Assistance to Establishment of a Structure for Operators ano Maintenance of Scanwafer Stations DANIDA
CHINA
Ma,n projects 195
ESTONIA
-. j
r
Sturiy a Rural fnrj>
4
Appointed Member of Working Group on Resource Accounting and P'icing Policy of the China Council kx International Cooperation on Environment and Devetopmer.1 Simon Frazer University. Canada lor National
Environmental Protection Agency Beijing
Emirormenta' Economic Advisor, Beijing Environments Master Plan Studies Engineering Science. Cal Technical Advisory Services. Muniapai’nduslrial Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste and Night Soil Management Shanghai Environmental Project World Ban*
Technical Advisory Services Municipal Sod Waste Management Liaonrfig Environment Project, World Bark DENMARK
P<ann»ng and Implementation of Training Course tor Ugandan AoWicians and Can' Servants
DANIDA Fellowship Centre EGYPT
App<a«sai ol Environmental Education and Tra*n/ig Programme. DANIDA
GHANA
Appraisa! of Prow & Ea., >rt(tca? :w(W
Appraisal of Pre-School E±caw Piqed Review ana Appraisal y Dr-sh Comm DANIDA
Reapprana' tor the Land an] Wat?* Vir.aji^ Component of Environments Aeiourt Profeci DANIDA
Consultancy Services tor the Pann; Wn m Kumasi. DANIDA
GUINEA-BISSAU
Elaboratior of a Project Dooms'1!*0'* *>’• DANIDA
GUINEACONAKRT
Sodo-Econom* Study & M* S£C>!-
,NtMA
Consultancy
Oevelootnnnt INDONESIA
Glue for the^oou
NORAD
/z-aCpDIC CONSULTING GROUP K ’fr-
KlOH^'^ANCE • SOCIOLOGY • RESOURCE Management
| XljH
; 0^,icS '
thE
partners
Civil Engineer
„ 0 3ENGTSSON
SWEDEN
DENMARK
NORWAY
DENMARK
Uncial Scientist
.arBJDRKLUND
K FERGUS
LsMtFiCH
UP
Gerald FOL EV
DENMARK
GILDESTAO
Coolie GULNES
Sun'la GCRANSSON
Ste<r HANSEN
fchgelHAWKESWORTH
NORWAY
NORWAY
DENMARK
NORWAY
DENMARK
Sve?n J0PGENSEN
NORWAY
DENMARK
Economic Geographer
Economist
Energy Specialist
Economist
Lawyer
Economist
Economist
Institutions Specialist
Economist
Ame-L SO KLAUSEN
Social / Political Scientist
Jan*^ LEXOW
NORWAY
SWEDEN
Social Anthropologist
Sver NILSSON
Agricultural Economist
Do4 NOPPEN Kan-Enk SANDELIN
Bo SEOIN Tore Roy SEMB
ETem SiGVALDSEN a$°1q n SKAALAND
snowstorm
Hans STROMBERG Egd SVIEN
^fVILiADSEN
DENMARK
SWEDEN
SWEDEN
NORWAY
NORWAY
NORWAY
DENMARK
SWEDEN
DENMARK
Denmark Norway Denmark
Social Scientist / Regional Planner Transport Planner
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Financial Analyst
M^nS,ral     Econo™st    I    Civil    Enqmeer Management Specialist 9
W ?e r^
a
a
ent ^aHst
sas^i<s?ineer
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■^ZNSULTlNG GROUP
"
T '**X<S?nn<«iJt2ar 8s sal
ar,a con
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TEL: • 4/ -
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DENMARK
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TEL. 4-45 - 43 71 62 00 FAX 4-45-43 71 99 44
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o nlC CONSULTING GROUPk/-?—
£>*OM,CS ’
NORDIC CONSULTING GROUP
A SHORT
Presentation of the Group
AND THE
Professional Staff
NORDIC CONSULTING GROUP AS
r CGNSUlTlNG GROUP
SOAOIC  ^.J^
srt FDEN A B
NORWAY
HEYERDAHLS GATE 1
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. li.No 558398 Ml*
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En'erp'itc No 037926359r
IPRESENTATION
j- rnnsultinc Group (NCG) consists ot three consultant mmni •
N0f A/S NCG Norway A.S. and NCG Sweden AB. Each ST5, NCG
DC nSes is owned and fully controlled by its senior consultant "T*1 SXnents. the full pool of staff in the three companies is avaJable fiv ?
Smsarion NCG is a good example on practical Nordic co-operat «„ 7 exfended market coverage and extended staff competence within a framed Tf small and administratively simple consultancy companies. 
* orlc of
yCG offers short
term multi-disciplinary assignments encompassing:
Desk studies
Project identifications
Appraisals
Evaluations
Baseline studies
Project and policy reviews
Feasibility studies
Socio-economic and regional planning, and Country and sector studies.
Main fields of activity for the group are:
■
Small enterprise development
Medium and large-scale industrial projects
Water supply and sanitation
Environmental studies
Transport planning
Rural electrification and energy 
Fisheries
Agricultural, livestock and co-operative development urban and regional planning
Manpower development and training
Culturc
mCnt tra n
‘ “ ®  °d institution building
1a
deveiloPmcnt, and 
urban settlements.
XCq k
Africa andUmie over ^00 assignments in more than 50 countries in Asia. Asian a^TZ1035’ as well as in Europe. Clients include: the World Bank, 
n             Afncan Development Banks, the United Nations, bilaera
?i?Vcrnnie t and 
utain proierte ^uiries ar
nOl ^®ovcrninent donor agencies and private companies. A i undertaken to date is included as an Annex, 
welcome to any of the companies in the group. 
.
aPROFESSIONAL STAFF - NCG DENMARK
Anne-Lise Klausen, Managing Director
vi A (Economic History). B.Sc. (Political Science). Cand. .Mag. Social Scientist
Inger Margarets Bjorklund
B.Sc. (Home Economics), Post-Graduate studies in Social Science and Economics. Social Economist
Lisbet Fich
Political  Science.  Public  Administration  and  Economics), Cand. Adm. Pol. Economist, HRD & Training Specialist.
Gerald Foley
B. Eng. Energy Policy Analyst, Energy Planner.
Gunilia Goransson
B.A. (Economics), M.A. (Economics & Urban Planning). Economist, Administrator, Planner.
Nigel Hawkesworth
B.A. (Sociology) M.A. (Political Science). social Scientist, Institutional Analyst.
Sven Nilsson
•  - (Agro-Economics). Agricultural Economist. 
c
^JfNoppen
8 ncering. Water and Sanitation Engineer.kPROFESSIONAL STAFF - NCG NORWAY
swi „  Jorgensen,  Manasing  Director
Economis1
Michael   Fergus
^conomist/Geographer
Bjorn Gildestad
Economist
Cecilie Gulnes
Lawyer
Stein Hansen
Economist
Tore Roy Semb
Civil Engineer
Erlend Sigvaldsen
Economist
Asbjorn Skaaland
Engineer/EconomistManaging
Director
P O. Bengtsson Civil Engin*er
Management
Karl-Erik Sandelin Transport Planner
Hans Stromberg Management Specialist
5Nordic
Consulting Group - PROJECT LIST
aL0AN|A:
angolA:
ANTIGUA:
BANGLADESH:
Road   Feasibility   Studies.   Preparatory   course   for   Nat.onal   Road    P)an BITS, 1994.
Assessment   of   tho   Need   for   Assistance   to   Restructuring   ol   Public Enterprises, Ministry of Industry. 1992
mooorteur,    National    Energy    Sector    Management    Symposium.    State Secretariat of Energy and Water. 1991
Ftoad Transport Sector Study. SIDA, 1987-88
Vocational Education Manpower Study. ODA. 1989-90
Mid-term    Review    of    Grameen    Bank.    Small-scale    Industry    Aspects. NCR AD. 1992
Pre-feasibility  Study  of  Jute  Reinforced  Plastic  for  Boat  9jilding,  Private Client, 1992
Mid-term     Evaluation     of     BFtAC     Rural     Development     Programme, Netherlands Organisation for International Development CI07IB), 1992
Management         Adviser/Consultanl         to         Underprivileged         Children Educational Programmes (UCEP), DANIDA, 1992
Review   of   Community   Development   Centre,   Chittagong:   Ccnsu   tancy Services, DANIDA. 1992
Appraisal;      UNICEF/DPHE      Rural      Waler      Supply      and      Sanitation Programme, DANIDA, 1991
Pre-appraisal   of   low-income   target   group   oriented   Freshwater   Shrimp Culture. DANIDA. 1991
■ re-appraisal Rural Poor Co-operative Support Project: Pathuakfal.
arguna Area Development Programme, DANIDA, 1991
Non   farm   Employment   and   related   Strategies   within   Noakha1     -'rea, DANIDA, 1991
dPvli*ISal °f Local Government Support Projects  wilhn two area ornn 0Pfnen’ Programmes. and the Institutional Framework  cf the two Programmes. DANIDA, 1990
lerm Review and Appraisal Study, Grameen Bank, 198/ 88
Inland vv'°n Pf°iec
1
' Documents and Project Adminisi'f-* ^'
d, er Transport Sector, 1986
Assistant?? 01 DGve,0Pment Strategy and Projects lor
ce >o Small-Scato Enterprises. NORAD, 1985-88 MJ (BARBADOS:
Advisory Services on Public Sector Finance in the r, -u, 1988
9 '-ar'bbean, qda
BENIN:
BHUTAN:
Review     of     Electrification     Projects     in     6     Towns,     and Electrification du Zou-Nord, DANIDA, 1992
Project Formulation/Appraisal Mission concernino Land . DANIDA, 1991
A PPraisg| 0)
Use banning.
Economic   and   Financial   Studies   on   Bhutan   Urban   Water   S Sanitation Project, Asian Development Bank, 1985 ' uppy and Agricultural Economist: Sustainable Development, Grand Chaco UND'->
Project Preparation: Agricultural Development Project Grand UNDP, 1991-92
’
aco-
Feasibility   Study   on   Establishing   a   Cold   Storage   Chain   lor   perishable Goods, DANIDA, 1991
BOTSWANA: Identification and Feasibility Study, North-East Cluster Rural Electrification
Project, DANIDA, 1993
Human   Rights   Training   and   Legal   Assistance,   Pro-Appraisal   Mission, DANIDA, 1991
Review   of   Potential   Agricultural   Development   Strategies   for   Kgalagadi District, NORAD, 1988
Evaluation of Tiro ya Diatla Textile Factory, Lobatse, NORAD, 1987-8-
Studies    of    Electrification    of    Rural    Water    Supplies    and    irrigation Schemes, SIDA, 1986-87
BURKINA FASO:                Project Preparation: Rural Waler Supply and Health Educa
DANIDA. 1991
Appraisal    of    Electricity    Power    Plant    Expansion    in    Bobo DANIDA, 1991
CAMEROON: UDEAC, Transport Strategy Study, World Bank, 1989
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC:
Appraisal of Piped Water Supply Projects in the Towns and Sibut, DANIDA, 1992
Review of Piped Water Supply Projects in 3 Towns;
o f M'baiki. and ApPr3'sa'
................... L
__o Tmunc DANIDA.
CHINA:Environmental Protection Agency, Beijing, 1993
Environmental Economic Advisor, Beijinq ^nvim
Studies. Engineering Science, Cal.. 1993 " nmen,al Master p/an
Technical Advisory Services, Municipal/lnduslrial ,
Hazardous Waste and Night Soil Management Shannh ? ^as'9 and
Project, World Bank. 1992-1993
'
9na
'^nv,ronmSn|aJ
•    ni    Advisory    Services.    Municipal    Solid
Waste    Management,
Snhg environment Project. World Bank. 1992-1993
Review ol Environmental Projects for Potential Swedish „ Sweden, 1992
eOlSf1 Credits, BITS,
1
|
Economic Advisory Services, Preparation of Country Programme lor
Ozone Layer Protection. National Environmental Protection Agency
(NEPA) and UNDP, 1992
Mission to review Ozone Layer Protection. UNDP/OPS. '990
Participation  in  Appraisal  Mission  of  Shanghai  Port  Project,  World  Bank, 1987-88
Economic    and    Financial    Studies    lor    Coastal    and    River    Trarsport, NORAD, 1985-86
COSTARICA; Evaluation of Technical Cooperation Projects in the Forestry Sector,
BITS/Sweden, 1992
Evaluation   of   CECOOP   -   a   joint   venture   lor   the   Development   ol   the Cooperative Consumer Activities, Swedish Cooperative Centre,
COTE D’IVOIRE:
°eNMark:
Economic   Advice   on   Development   of   Transport   Sector   Ope   a.-cns Manual, African Development Bank, 1992
Formulation of an Energy Sector Policy, DANIDA, 1991.
Courses in Logical Framework, 1969, 1991
Rationalization   of   Danish   Fisheries   Research   Institutions,   Ministry   c Fisheries. 1989
Training for Technical Assistance Stall. !987 89
, ha plan Sierra. BITS
S GYP .
T
Evaluation of Support to Forest Activities m (Sweden). 1990
Port and Shipping Project, Private Client, 1982
Feasibility Study of National Analyses ol
based on Renewable Energy Resources,
r Sustainable Energy 
|g92Review of the Edfu Water Supply and DANIDA, 1991 and 1992
O-=lna98
ESTONIA:
Restructuring    and    Privatisation    of    Waler    and    Wastewater    Se Feasibility Study, Small Municipalities Environment Project, EBrT'
•ce<
199-
Via Baltica (Tallinn-Warsaw), Road Feasibility Study Nod’
Fund/Nordic  Investment Bank, EBRD, Ministry  Ol T C Pr°'etl
ra nspo,| ,
ETHIOPIA:
Communications, Finland, 1993
Mission on Public Service Reform, UNDP, 1992
Establishing Socio-Economic Monitoring/Evaluation Sysla Electrification Projects, SID A, 1988
GABON:
GAMBIA:
GAZA:
GHANA:
Preparation  of  Strategic  Plan  for  RRC  Transport  Activities,  Governmen
of Ethiopia. 1987
UDEAC, Transport Strategy Study, World Bank, 1989
Appraisal Mission, Land and Waler Management, DANIDA, 1993
Feasibility Study of Rural Energy, World Bank. 1993
Economic  and Financial Studies  of Gambia Fisheries  Development
Project, African Development Bank, 1983
Project Preparation for Solid Waste Management Services, GTZ, 1993
Appraisal of Pre-School Education Project, DANIDA. 1993
Reappraisal    for    the    Land    and    Water    Management    Component Environmental Resource Management Project, DANIDA, 1993
Consultancy    Services    for    the    Training    Network    Centre    in    Kumast, DANIDA, 1993
1   ender   Proposals   for   the   Environmental   Resource   Management   r°.e DANIDA, 1992
Tender Proposals (or the National Feeder Maintenance Project, DANIDA, 1992
Appraisal Mission: Rural Waler Supply and Sanitaticn Region, DANIDA. 1992
K
•n th®
Appraisal     Mission;     UNICEF     Rural     Waler     Supply     Sanita1 in the Eastern Region, DANIDA, 1992
. Cenlf0
( tnc:
Short-Term Training Adviser to the Training University of Science and Technology, Kumasi,
19^2GRENADA:
GUINEA-BISSAU:
•
GUYANA:
HONDURAS: A'
p r0.Project     Poriod       PrGPara,l°"     and       Mana9ement     Tasks     related     to     thn Rural Water and Sanitation Programme tn the Volta Region. danida
1992
Project    Formulation    Mission    for    Rehabilitation    of    Elmina    Harbour, DANIDA. 1991
Project    Formulation:    Rural    Drinking    Water    Supply    Programme    Vmt, Region, DANIDA, 1991
Vocational Education Manpower Study, ODA, 1939 90
preparation   of   National   Transport   Planning   Projects,   World   Bank.   1937
privatization of Public Enterprises, World Bank, 1990
Review of Labour Market Characteristics. ODA, 1989
Financial  Analysis  of  Water  Supply.  Sewage  Disposal  and  Drainage  tor San Pedro Sula, World Bank, 1982
Technical   Advice   on   Community   Participation   in   Solid   Waste   Management EAWAG/IRCWD of Switzerland, 1992
Appraisal  of  TANWA  (Tamil  Nadu  Women  in  Agriculture  Project),  Phase 2, DANIDA, 1992
Evaluation  of  Social  Forestry  Projects  in  Tamil  Nadu  and  Orissa,  SIDA. 1992
pXammTsiDT'X0' UN,CEF/G01 SUPP*
Karnataka, DANID^'gg Mgg^ Pf°'eC'S 'n
Sanitm^r?   of    Pural     Water   Supply.   Health   Education   and   Environmental at '0n tn Btcchiwara Block, Rajasthan, SIDA, 1991
Review ol UNICEF/GOI Water Supply Programme, SIDA, 1991
Envirnn^?C\   SuPP°r*;     Review   of   National   Rural   Drinking   Water   and nvironmental Sanitation Programme, SIDA/UNICEF, 1991
Nadu
U and Or,ssa. DANIDA, 1990
Women’s Projects n Karnataka. Tamil
RehabuuL- °f ^fHydr°90o,°9lcal Investigations  and rube jye‘
■on, Orissa Drinking Wafer Supply Project. DANIDA. 9i0
^aturalc°f     3      ^'SSl0n      for    Appraisal    of    a    Study    on    the    Uiilzai°n
3S ,n U,,ar Pradesh, DANIDA. 1992
,f\ it
-A-Feasibility Study, Orissa Drinking Water proi
Project Direction and Management of a Country cu Norwegian Aid Perspective, NORAD, 1987 udy
,oiec1' 0AN'D*.
INDONESIA:
Appraisal of Plans to establish a Plant for Production Q| Wood Processing and Glue Manufacturing. NORAD. 1993 U' Review of 44 IKK Water Supply Sector Projects and Apptais.
Demonstration Projects (or Institutional Development ot p
DANIDA, 1993
Dav.
Review     of     Training     Programme     for     Management     Personnel     -
Petroleum Industry in Developing Countries. NORAD, 1992
'
KENYA:
Preparation    of    Project    Document    and    Project    Administration    tor Island Shipping Project, NORAD, 1987-89
Assistance     on     Formulating     Country     Programme     tor     Ozone Protection, UNDP, 1993
Socio-Economic    Study    on    Rural    Electrification    Programme.    DANIDA 1993
Appraisal of Rural Health Maintenance Project, DANIDA, 1992
Consultancy  Assistance to KEPI (Kenya Expanded Program™  r Immunization) on Finalisation of the KEPI Plan of Action 1992-199$, DANIDA. 1992
Preparation of a Human Development Report for Kenya. UNDP. 992
Review of the Sewerage House Connection Project in Busia, ls.0.0 Nyahuru, DANIDA. 1991
Evaluation of Aguthi Water Supply Project. DANIDA, 19^0
Appraisal of a new five-year Phase of the Rural Develop^0
DANIDA. 199
Drafting of P|an Qf
Valuation
ta Tave!a Arjd and Semi°Ar Flevis'on ol Appraisal cl Phase ».
Socra.eco FIWd             A suPPoned Eleclrticalion Schemes. FINItM- ■s90
°S
'»
0 AW0A0S''9,BaSe'™ Stores tor Rural E
,ec>h ca.ion
(i
Seni°'^o,.Ru
A Ppraisal Ol En
1 989-90 Virorirri9nial Health p • 
FUn0, 0AN,DA' '9M 90
ea "h Project. Nyanza Province. nDAAfN'1-4fleview of Sewerage Housing Connections Project. DANIDa 1939 Review of Rural Development Fund, DANIDA, 1999
Studies of Small-Scale Industrial Projects, NORAD, 7986 pg
Appraisal of Rural Water and Sanitation Projects in D SIDA. 1987
“ 's,flc(
preparation of Socio-Economic Selection System tnr Electrification Schemes. DANIDA, 1986
Socio-Economic Review: Rural Electrification, DANIDA. 1986
KUfal
IkOHE* '
Environmental and Transport Economist on Korea Port D
t
9ve C0fnon(
and Environmental Improvement Project, World Bank 7993
Study on Manure Handling, Royal Swedish Academy of Aoricultura
Forestry, 1991
Mission on Public Service Reform, UNDP, 1992
tenure and
LESOTHO;            Appraisal of the Zambezi River System Action Plan (ZACPLAN) in 9 South African States. NORAD, 1992
Supervision  of  Infrastructure.  Rehabilitation  and  Maintenance  Project and of Lesotho Highlands Water Project, World Bank. 1992
Evaluation of a Footbridge Project, DANIDA, 1991
Preparation   Mission:   Infrastructure   Maintenance   and   Rehabilitation Project, World Bank, 1991
Sociological Studies, South-East Rural Water Supply Project. DANIDA,
,u ANia;
'ffl:
.
Mission on Public Service Reform, UNDP, 1992
Participation in Technical/Financial Assessment of Waste Water realment Plant in Vilnius, Danish Environmental Board. 1992
Preparation of a Country Programme on Ozone Layer Protection, ed Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 1992
Rev'ew of the Mpira-Balaka Water Project, DANIDA, 1991 and 1992
dS? 1'al<eshore Integrated Groundwater Project. Project Review.
DANida. 1989 and 1990
90 Cl° ^conOfnic Survey, Small Holder Irrigation Project. DANIDA. 1909 oocio-Economic Appraisal of Blanlyre City Fuelwood Project/NC^--1985
MALAYSIA:                      Programmo Co-ordination of Energy and
Programme. Norwegian Petroleum Directorateigg^'8 DevelOp Analysis o. ,he Road Secor in T.anspo., Seclo,
"
MONGOLIA:
MOROCCO:
MOZAMBIQUE:
Assistance to Development of a Free Press in Mong r
Project Identification Review, Telecommunications ham..
' ua‘<IDA, igej Support   to   the   Management   of   the   Road   Fund   MinUi   <
and Water, SIDA, 1994.
' nis,rY of Construction
<U-
Preparation     of     a     National     Environmental     Management     pi
Bank. 1993
Evaluation of Personnel Fund. NORAD/SIDA, 1993
5emen’ P|an> Wof|a ,
Preparation of Transport Statistics and Preparation of Project Data
Base, Southern African Transport Co-ordination Conference (SATCC
1992
Proposal   for   a   Tourism   Policy   for   Mozambique   including   LawPropssals for Different Tourism Sub-Sectors, United Nations, 1992
Assistance    in    Preparation    of    a    National    Environmental    Action    Fla" World Bank, 1992
Technical   Assistance   to   Business   Advisory   Units   in   Maputo   and   --ira IDIUIDA, 1991-1992
Project     Proposal:     Marketing     of     Fruit     and     Vegetable*     > Corridor, SWEDCORP, 1992
Study   of   Incentives   in   the   Public   Sector,   Ministry   of
and NORAD. 1991
1991
Feasibility Study: Citrus Cold Store in Beira, Swed Corp.
Q\,vedfurtd» *“ Study on Citrus Production in Manica Province, o
Appraisal Mission on Roads and Coastal Shipping- Project Review, Maritime Sector, NORAD, 1991 Review of Public Sector Pay and Conditions, nv Appraisal of Project Proposal for Support Io Au
n world 0ank’’'
mORAD- i99' , .rRiC0M-SICA’' '
c
-
Pilot     Project.     Identification     of     Drainage     and     Environ Improvements in Pemba. DANIDA, 1990
Identification Mission. Programme for Primary^ in Tete Province, DANIDA, 1990
d SecondarVAppraisal ot Centro do Formacao Agraria. DANIDA, 1990 assistance to SATCC Secretariat. SlDA. 1990-91
Project Identification; Tete Urban Waler Supply, DANICA, 1989-90
project Preparation and Administration for New Oil r ,
NORAD, 1989
am
minal at Beira,
I
I
Urban   Household   Energy   Project   Identification   Appraisal,   DANlDA 1989
Health  Sector  Economics  Study  for  Public  Sector  Finance  Ravinw World Bank, 1988 and 1991
Assessment of the Rehabilitation of the Cement Industry, NORAD, 1987
Assessment  of  Need  for  Technical  Assistance  lo  the  Cement
NORAD, 1987
t,or'
Feasibility  Studies  of
Industrial
Development  of
two
Prov  ncial  Towns 
DANIDA, 1986
Preliminary Environmental Planning Studies, Inhaca, NORAD, 1985
Assessment  of  Technical  Assistance  to  Ports  and  Railways  Authorities,
local government, 1982
mmibiA:
Advisory Services on Energy Development NORAD, 1992
ESMAP Energy Assessment Mission, World Bank, 1992
ll "'flAGUA:
D
Review  of  Small-Scale  Artisanal  Fisheries  Project,  Norwegian    eoples  Aid
(Ayuda Popular Noruega). 1992
Review  of  Export  Fund  and  Assistance  to  Private  Sector  .n  Nicaragua,
NORAD, 1992
Macro-Economic Survey following the change 1'    * c p  i
9C
x  Cr
update of study on possible NORAD support to ic 
Fund, NORAD, 1990
Appraisal  of  the  Rehabilitation  of  the  Managua  Power  Station,  DA
1990
Project Formulation Mission: Water Supply and Natural Reso^ Management in Zinder and Diffa, DANIDA, 1992
Review of Rural Water Supply Programme DANIDA, 1991
. Zir.der ard D!,a
P®Port to Norwegian Parliament's Finance Commillee on sufa Pp^n ve ‘0pmcnl Aspects of the Government's latest long-'5 ,nDocument, 1993
Environmental Economics Consultant to
Corporations  on TV-produclions  on Sustainin'1?™° Br°adc-(
NRK, 1993
Economic Analysis of Environmental Conseauen Qnrlnrdl Fnarnv A Hit icfmnrH
Sectoral       Energy       Adjustment       Operation Nansen Institute, 1993
Cost-Benefit Analysis of a National Referenc
ablQ Developmenl
0 S’fUcllJral       - Lending ’
CQS
9 Hfograms, p(i^“
ySlern (t‘
Processing Ser.Ce,
':r-
Environmental Information, Ministry of Environment. 199 °
3
Market   Analysis   of   the   Need   for   Satellite   Data Private Client, 1993
Design of User Programme for Satellite Data in Environ™-
Observation, Norwegian Space Centre and Ministry  of Environ^-? u
1992-93
Secretarial,   User   Programme   for   SeaWiFS   Satellite   Data,   Norwe-iar Space Centre, 1992-93
Executive Secretary  of Norwegian Govt, appointed Working Group to Evaluate World Bank  environmental procedures  and practices. Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1992
Preparation of Data Bases for a Consultant Register. NORAD, 1992
-u
Evaluation   and   Assessment   of   Application   from   Norwegian   Enterpr^es for Concessional Mixed Credits for China and Indonesia, NORAD,
Market  Survey  for  Use  of  Satellite  Data  in  Norway.  Norwegian  Sp Agency, 1990, 1991 and 1992
Review ol Rural Electrification Policy. NORAD, 19?-
Review of International Environments . Databases a £
-
OVjrOfitnenli
International Data Cooperation, Norwegian Ministry o 1989-1990
Survey of. \D financed Reports produced by consu ta
1989
15 nOP 'D’
-
nop*d
Planning and Operational Responsibility, SSE-Conlere
1988-1989
n,0fP
Secretariat, International Conference on Policies
. . small E
tor
NORAD, 1989
for
Preparation of Development Strategy and pr0*gg5.g8 <\
Assistance to Small-Scale Enterprises. NORAO.Research Programme for tho Economic Revile, Major Metropolitan Areas. Local Authorities, 1907
Evaluation of Norway's National Map Research p Mapping Agencies. 1987-88
' C3ramme. NorAl, ,
fciJ.
3' l
Studies norao,
Of Development Assistance and Trends i0 m9 ye, ?n 1987
I
JC
Development   of   a   Short-Term   Forecasting   Model   fCr   the   Ma*   ,   ,
Semi-Submers:bl9 rigs. Private Client. 1987
e Or
Studies   on   the   Competitiveness   of   Norwegian   Shipping   industry   p.   .   „
Client.-1986
* A H,,val9
Advisory   Services   on   the   Location   of   a   new   International   Airrn-i   m,
Oslo, Local Authorities. 1986
k'r
Sector     Study     of     Norwegian     Mapping     Export     Potential.     Norwegian Mapping Agencies, 1985-86
Development    of    a    National    and    Regional    Land    Resource    Budgeting System lor Norway. Ministry of Environment. 1982-87
PHILIPPINES:           Courses in Road Administration and Road Safety as part of Institutional
Training Programme. Ministry of Transport. BITS, 1994
Identification     and     Feasibility     Study     Mission     for     a     Proposed     Rural Electrification Project, DANIDA, 1993
Vehicular      Emission      Control      Planning      in      Metro      Manila.      Asian Development Bank and Engineering Science, 1991-92
Feasibility       Study       regarding       Coal-fired       mini       Power       Plant       for Catanduanes. DANIDA. 1990
Project     Preparation     and     Project     Administration:     National     tn'.ei-ls’and Coastal Study. NORAD, 1987
Feasibility Studied  of small  Urban Water Supplies, DANID
Via   Baltica   (Tallinn-Warsaw)   Road   Feasibility   Study.   ^^port   & Fund/Nordic Investment Bank. EBRD, Ministry of
Communications, Finland. 1993
Feasibility Study: Kaliningrad-clD ag_a Road Devetopiften* 1 la
SWEDROAD, 1992-93
Financial Analysis of Waler and
Kolobrzeg, Danish Environmental Boar , Project Identification: Kolobrzeg Wa’®r an Danish Ministry of the Environment.
Training of Trainers Programme for ^‘cu!’^1 BUS Trainers. The Plunkett Foundation, 1913
ie in
Treatment Pta^‘s ,n
g.
, y; stewat
a
er Sys 
ra gement
Hx jj (Reconnaissance Mission on Use ol Ozone
Industry, UNDP and US-EPA, 1991
Project Preparation and Appraisal of Bucharest w .
1993
Participation in Road Feasibility Study Kalininqrad-Pih. Economic and Financial Studies on Praslin RPfnro,,
e P'el ng gub erPr°^.EBPD
' anCQs k '•1
RUMANIA:
RUSSIA: SEYCHELLES:
a 9< EBRD,
1985-86
SLOVENIA:                      Technical Assistance on Privatisation Exerricn Private Client, 1992
60 Sa'°nProiecl.AlDg
n Tra<*ing Sec)c.
Privatization and Valuing of Slovenian Trading Comoanv p Gorica. Local Consultancy Firm, AGEA. 1990
±
P y’ P,ime*^
a•
SOLOMON
ISLANDS:
Review of ESMAP Energy Policy, UNDP/World Bank, 1990
SRI LANKA:
Study  of  Development  ol  the  Productive  Sector:  To
Promote
Norwegian
Industrial Investment and Joint Ventures, NORAD, 1992
Review of Credit for Small  "messes, NORAD, 1990
r
Kolmale Hydropower Plar Post Evaluation, SIDA, 1989
St. VINCENT AND
THE GRENADINES: Review of the Labour Market and Vocational Education, ODA, 1990
SUDAN:
Project      Review:      Environmental      Aspects.      Qala-En-Nahai      Refuges Settlement. Norwegian Refugee Council, 1988
Feasibility Study on the Installation of Water Pumps, DANIDA, 1-87
f
SWAZILAND: Project Identification: Urban Telecommunications and E jtrification P °i DANIDA, 1988
» Orient^
SWEDEN:
Appraisal of Location of Professor*-; up in ^eVG
P |70fS'’y’‘
° jjsh Un
Environmental Economics or Eco „inic History to a Swe '
r
SAREC. 1993
Gender and Supe^ . to Public Utilities Companies. Communic?*’ . Energy and Transport Sectors or conrt'- uno Gender Issues. SIDA. 1993
ctrateS-
.
2nd Assessment     and     Evaluation     of     Energy     develop1110       .     slj|gte. Assistance during the 1990s for Stockholm Environm
favori20^ Study on Government Support to Farmers in les
National Agricultural Board, 1991
_
fiulk TradflS‘ r
Demand Study for Shipping: Reefer and Dryproposals  for  Project  Management  Team  for  Centra,  Medirm
Tended
Stores,
DANIDA. 1993
edlcal
evaluation programme
of  SIDO  s  Rural  Hiro  Purchase  Programme  and  Wcma., , SWEDECORP, 1993
Consulianl Services on the Transmission Line Singida Arusha, DANIDA 1993
Evaluation
Secondary
of  the  Danida  School  Repair  and  Maintenance  Prni«..,
Schools, DANIDA. 1992
1 C! ,or
Review   of   Rural   Water   Supply   Programme   in   Irirga,   Mbeya   and Ruvuma Regions, DANIDA, 1991
Project  Management,  Pangani  Falls  Hydroelectric  Pcwe'  Rehabilitation, 1991
Evaluation of the School Maintenance Project, DANIDA. 1991-92
Evaluation    of    Rural    Electrification    Programmes,    SIDA/Stockholm Environmental Institute, 1989-90
Evaluation   of   the   Cooperative   Members   Participation   Programme, SIDA/Universily of Stockholm, 1989
Studies  on  the  Production  and  Distribution  of  Teaching  Malena’s  for Primary Schools, SIDA, 1987
Preliminary  Study  of  Nordic  Commodity  Assistance  and  Import  Support to Tanzania, NORAD, 1987
Project Administration of Port Development Projects, NORAD, 1986-9e
C°nsu,|ing Services in Project Appraisal and Formulation in
port and Health Sectors, various clients. 1983-87
S ±' Eva,ualion        Miss'on        in        industry,     Petroleum     and     Waler     Supply eclOfs. various clients. 1983-36
isott'^J     Ab',lly       S'udy;       Application     of     Photo-volta.c     Techno'ogy     m so 'aled Areas, UN-ESCAP, 1991
^aSdnggo'03"00’ Da'7 Oeve,op,renl Project lor North-East
Nation^7       °n      Sla,islics      and    National    Development    Planning,    United Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS)/HA0l AT. 1996
T
Co
i987-U88anCy Rafting First National Development Programme, ODA,
4
Consultancy Services on Institutional Analysis. Habitat, i- 93Follow-up Mission on tho Rakai District n DANIDA. 1993
Appraisal Study and Institutional Expertise S Sanitation Project, World Bank/IDA, 1992-
Uovelopmen| Pr
Social Anthropologist. SIDA Technical Mission to Joint Review Mission; Rural Water and Sanitation p, ..
T °Wns Wai6r
arj
93nda' SIDA. igg.
DANIDA, 1992
n East Uganda P(o._, ’' -
Socio-Economic Consultancy Services concerninn d
SIDA’s overall Uganda Programme, DANIDA, 1992 repara!|on 0(
Rakai District. Support Mission (or Start-Up of Rural Trade r
of the District Development Programme, DANIDA. 1992 °mpon’n'‘>
local Government Relorm/Decentralisation: Provision ol Dish i Financial Training Adviser, Local Government Management Adviser ari local Government Management Trainer to Rakai District DANin-
1992-1993
Manpower Review of the Rural Water and Sanitation East Uganda Project, DANIDA, 1992
Final   Planning   Mission:   Rakai   District   Development   Programme, DANIDA, 1991-1992
Programme  for  Improvement  for  Small  Towns  Water  Supply  ard Sanitation Services, World Bank, 1991
Review  of  the  Karamoja  Rural  Development  Programme.  DANIDA, 1991
Project Identification Mission: Danish Support to Agriculture F and other productive Sectors. DANIDA. 1991
.• n in Easl0rn Inception Mission: Rural Water Supply and Sanila io
Uganda. DANIDA, 1991
* Prog*^ Project Identification Mission lor a District Devclcpn,e
Rakai District. DANIDA. 1990
Preparation of National Rural Water Programme.p Planning and Project Identification. UNDP. 1"°
DANIDA. i"°
,ggl
VIETNAM:
Energy Sector Investment and Policy R_e.view, u.JNDP/W0^0311 *
Pflr !
0 | Th1 va
Feasibility Study: Financial and Economic Studies System, Private Client, 1991
Financial and Economic Analysis of a Barytes M'
|| and DV®conipany. NORAD. 1991
lHoniification for 20 Township Water Suppi.es, World Bank, project loeiH
1990
n.eeinn of the Vinh Phu Pulp and Paper Mill Transport Project.
peV
i0W Mission
y£ MEN(PDBY):
S lDA. 1987 and 1988
Phu Pulp and Paper Mill Transport Feasibility Studies, SlDA.
1982-83
Economic  Studies  on  Rural  Artisanal  Fisheries  Projects.  FAO.  1983- 1984
,   Ftfective   Means   of   Providing   Public   Sector   Manpower cas/s'ud °Sa Medical School. ODA. 1993
Privatisation Study  of Zamefa Wire and Cable Factory. Preparation for and Participation in Sales  Negotiations  for Ch.langa and Zarr.efa. Zambia Privatisation Agency, 1993
Appraisal of Sector Programme on Water and Samlalion. NORAD. 1993
Piivatisalion Studies  including Valuation and Memorandum of Sale fcr Chilanga Cement, Zaffico Forest Industries  and Zambesi Sawmills. Zambia Privatisation Agency, 1992
Review of Zambia's Small Industries Organisation, NORAD, 1992
Oil   Extraction   and   Refinery   Plant   Project:   Feasibility   Study,   United Milling Systems a/s, 1991
Accounting Systems  Support to Zambian Co-operative Federa.cn,
Swedish Co-operative Centre. 1991
Appraisal: Pamodzi Pulp and Paper Mill, NORAD, 1991
Appraisal: Wood Processing Industries. NORAD. 1991
Sector   Study:   Programme   for   Development   of   Trade   and   Indus../, NORAD, 1991
Study on Organization and Management of the Agricultural Secx Support Programme, International Centre for Rural Devecr Uppsala, 1990
Evaluation of the Cooperative Members Participa Swedish Cooperative Centre, 1990
Easeline Study of North Western Province, Ministry c 1990
• * lion
1 AonCul'.urefl^D'
ee ' for Manufacturing of Agricultural Tools and Implements.I
I
Ip a„ish Hydrological Insti.ule (DHI)
2.5
r
bsvE^1222r
iDanish Hydraulic Institute,
L ‘b°'‘ °'>' Technology „nd Soft(vjre Pmd
Hydro Informatics
w
Subsea Technology and
Management of the Aqustic Environ"**1
2
*■' X-
,P -nr 1g.uApplied Hydraulics in a
World of Change
dccadcXvc been marked by 
Danish Hydraulic Institute
.|,   fUian unprecedented degree,mdli-
L)H I is .1 restart h and consulting organisa
jnC
^gTvbfoiSa changes ni rh. field „
non developing and applving advanced
I Jraulic research and engmeenne 1 eel.
methods and technologies within hydrau
,,.,'ogy has gone through rcsolution.u s 
he and w atcr resources engineering.
development in the abiJin '.nu.erst.tnd
and simulate nature.
OFT I oilers a broad spectrum of .services,
software tools and model test facilities gv 
the same period, the incre-r cJ .v* are
related to offshore, coastai»port. river,
m xs of cause-effect relationships of human
water resources, urban hydraulics and
. xploitation and use of the .uputtc envi
environmental engineering.
mnnicnt has challenged the research estab-
isFimcnrs. Flood disasters, marine pollu-
For    DHI    it    has    always    been    fundamental
uon, groundwater contamination, sea
to    establish    a    thorough    understanding    of
k ■« el rise, hydrodynamic impact on coastal
the    physics    behind    the    nvdraulic    pheno
and offshore structures arc examples of
mena   —   and   then   develop   the   appropriate
uipacts th.it need to be properly addressed to avoid or counteract negative effects.
On the maricctsiHcTO: scene has also dunged. Modern technology has been MKLCSsfully adopted by many develop! countries that previously rellT
European or American expci ;is<
giving their problems. In line
The rolcyf Europe and North ArflfiU increasingly shifted towards that oft
)u Z °P’"K Oew Enology and know-
I dgc and cooperating with engineers 
for technology transfcr
tools.          DHI’s          consultancy»work‘tlius combines       sound      physical      Understanding with     the     most     advanced     methodologies available. Since the establishment in l%4,
ertakcn i
00 cou
Organ/
Dm is an in
self-SUDDOrtng
von Affiliated to
Danish Academy of Tech
nical Sciences, it a a
member of a group of specialised institutes which cover a wide spectrum of applied technologies and engineering services. Th
DHI staff numbers 205
(1994) of vs horn 136 h
PhD or MSc degrees
ructures
*
3Management of the Aquatic Environment
DHI s unique 3D ocean circul
a Ion
i
r
rcqu e corn
D-i’^ens.-.r hy-dWc .mJ 
er. TjrvTwrfj‘ srud^
/be \)ud A/.int.?-6ahratn Caasosaj* is six h
P'tMvr n »%** -< .*> DHi Zen t*=r*l dtvpv -iMSiSet/
Hydrodynamic Modelling
Hvdrodynamic  modelling is  rhe basis  lor
.1   range   of   coastal   and   offshore   hydraulic engineering   applications,   such   as   sediment transport,    spreading    of    substances,    design of    structures,    ice    formation,    navigation, etc.
In recent vears. the increasing concern about the stare of the aquatic environment has nude reliable and efficient hydro- dynamic models even more indispensable it the large and costly pollution control schemes are to he effective.
Hvdrody namic modelling has been part ot DHI’s portfolio for more than 25 vears.
model (System 3) is available when 2D models are msufficient. eg at the edge of continental shell where a detailed vertical rcsolunon is required, and in areas 
where multilayer stratification must be simulated.
Stratified Flow
Mixing between the Livers in stratified
flows is often essential in environmental studies. Modelling of such phenomena in coastal areas, in I lords and estuaries and in rivers can be dealt with hv DHI’s two-
layer models.
Hindcast and Forecast
’Tile hydrodynamic models are widely used to hindcast hydrographic data to establish estimates of extreme current and water level data for design purposes. Correspondingly, wave data are handled bv DH!*s wind wave model
The same suite of models are also used for forecasting, for example ship routing — optimisation, critical marine operation or
in relation to spills of hazardous sub stances.
i
I
V.   4
The philosophy has always been to develop tew. very generalised, compatible and simple-to-run models. The ID. 2D
and 3D current and water level models arc thus easily coupled, simulating effects of tides, storms, cyclones or tsunamis.
CHIOGGIA
I
rt o.i’t of
Tb? lomp/rnersrrp
wiogicj!
tindediwn by DHI of
an-j rr* Memcr
-
\x
rnaTfi Di IWOMODtOfnv
,> n/nenf3/M de// n9^rf
0
0(
?Hb^^*"^
ibh<,rjtion
rhe Water Qu dity Institute, .in
r"
1 1 M tir
''
I’*
*•
icvj
viJes a tool for the management of
d,. aquatic environment, whether at
.1,-rt term or long term level.
I hc expertise and experience developed liirough numerous projects form the
basis The suite of compatible models, including advection -dispersion, sediment transport, morphology and water quality models, form the tools in the integral
modelling sy stem. The system incor
porates descriptions of biological and
chemical cause-rtteci relationships, which
are a prerequisite in the establishment
nt evident andrreliable environmental management roofs.
The modelling systcnTiornis the basis also
.'or the assessment ot environmental
impact, eg ot discharge of pollutants,
dumping of spoils or land r^claina’tion. t>u,L
Cooling Water Investigations r'•*»
HrcnsHc  experience  has  been  Guilt-im  ar
men
* -««vr stud.es and asscss- ’ Jjlc'lcnv,r°nmental impacts,
-her h.driuhe engineering""
.^
tlOr
$  Clt
» plants.
?”
c nncc,
ed with pooreror JjesaJina-'11
K
s, ’u‘^our aqujtic'.
purpose, DHl rnt Lnvironrnenl- For this
ES"’ XMa?a9e,nenf
"V -
' S'*r
lhe ef,orts '»
A>S.
> -ss
SVstons and m K| * ^ratcs monitoring W,tl’ifs 8‘nenl ex 7n,S
-   .V'   ■■   f   --9V^'   3*.“ ^vr **
P
90 TOO
••Coastal Hydraulics
Coast Erosion Management and Protection
One of the fundamental disciplines at
DH1 is coastal hydraulics. This was in fact the starting point in 1964, and since then the Institute has been at the forefront within the development and application of advanced methods in response to chal lenges from a large number of coastal projects, such as coast erosion studies, littoral impact studies and development of beach parks.
This long experience has made it possible to offer relevant combinations of field measurements and physical and mathema tical modelling facilities, utilising the most recent techniques and scientific achieve ments.
Sediment Transport Modelling
In tlose collaboration with the Technical University of Denmark, DHI has devel oped the advanced non cohesive sediment transport model, STP, capable of mod ci ting the transport in any combination of waves and current, including conditions in the surf zone.
Bv combining this model with DHl’s hydrodynamic models or with results from physical models, virtually any sedi ment phenomenon in non-cohesive mate-
rial can be modelled. This may include sedimentation in harbours, intake struc
tures and inlets, backfilling of navigation
channels and trenches.
Littoral Transport and Coastline Development
Changes of a coastline as a result of, for
instance, the construction of a port or of
coast protection works can be analysed
and predicted bv Di ll’s IITPAC K
The distribution of littoral current and
transport in rhe coastal profile is computed
from knowledge of the incoming waves,
the sea current, the shape of the coastal
profile and the bed material distribution in
the profile.
Morphological Modelling
Morphological models, in which the
gradual bed level changes influence the
current and wave fields, are the subject of
research and development. A morpho
logical modelling complex has been
established based on the wave, current
and sediment transport modules available
in the general modelling system.
Cohesive  Sediments  -  Spreading  o* Suspended Sediments
ITc increasing concern about environ mental impact of dredging and dumping operations due to spreading of tine set i , men is has emphasized the need for 5Pctia. modelling tools. DHI has developed sue models. In order to include the tinyjn space lag effects in the transport of sediments, the sediment transport
is coupled with an ads ection'di^'
i
r
model.
I
,rr I X44ports and Coastal structures
DHI offers the complete range of tools required for the hydraulic aspects <>f design of coastal engineering projects, like for instance ports and marine terminals, coast protection structures, causeways, naviga tion channels and breakwaters.
Design Data
For the establishment of the reliable hvdrographic design data, numerical hindcast techniques are often indis pensable. DHI’s hindcast models, which include current and water level models
and wind-wave models. have been applied
all over the world.
Impact and Response
Impacts on an J responses of manne strut- tuies niav be studied in the test fucilirres at
DHI
Port Planning
Development  of  an  optimal  port  plan  as regards   the   minimisation   of   wave   distur bance   often   requires   the   combination   nf hydraulic and numerical models.
Fonnerly, DHI introduced the irregular waves and the use of ship models in hvdraulic harbour models. Now. DHl's numencjl wave penetration and ship movement models arc likewise setting industry standards.
Based on the Boussinesq equations, the MIKE 21 simulates in the time domain all relevant wave phenomena, including shoaling, refraction, diffraction and reflection of irregular directional waves.
Approach Channels and
Manoeuvring
Wave dntotlwce ar 3 fat the      of Otaw
The hydraulic model testing facilities arc 
Design of approach channels requires a
equipped with wave and current genera
thorough knowledge of the sedimentation
•TV—i' ••>*»»
f> ■;
ton, as well as measuring and data pro
processes. This can be established by
cessing systems. Among the features 
combining the hydrodynamic models
roil
can be mentioned 3D wave reproduction
with the littoral drift and morphologiul
ma active wave absorption.
models.
For study  of ship manoeuvring aspects, the hydrodynamic  models  are combined with the numerical manoeuvring simulator.
The As''** Can
Oen.iwi
]frrr,:r^Offshore Structures
VV.IW uwM 1 .1'! }
.'ip/.'iJiJWhfr,*'.: 'f.’ifMC! Il'l
• :'i.c rf,'u rnrfi'r .0 I ' : ’ !        •’ ..V-
The development and implementation of more i.monil and reliable hvdrodynanik design procedures founded on detailed understanding and description ot the phi steal processes .ire key objectives in the offshore studies at DHL
The response of rhe offshore industry to this DHI approach has clearly confirmed the need for better design procedures at all stages related to the hydrodynamic environment.
Design Parameters
DHI’s numerical hindcast models have long been applied in design wave, current and water level studies. DHI has also found it necessary to develop phvsicallv based statistical methods accounting for
Kinematics
Accuntc  deimuiiun..:, ..1 |„.,JS on com plex  Strucdiu s  icpii-cs  detailed infomta
tioti   about   li   e   lodn.   -vnarnk   ||<m
flc d
|
DHI possesses  u-.1 toi I>,,th p],vslua| lnj numerical modelle, ,,l lnb.il kmematics as  well as  tor lo.il tl,,-. helds  around ’
slructures. Import....................... .. Wiye .
crests,     kinematics     n     i..-     ,u..llnd     com-c plex      stiuctures      with      ,      slu-dding,      J wake   revet   sal   arddi   .;   elici   ts,   are   I covered.    The    numei    J    models    includeai
fully 3-dinienstou
Loads and Response
us Damn model.
l oads and rcspi ”           • i .i I and floating structures 'under ■ >! id J impact of
wind, waves .mJ i m ■ ate studied in
DHI’s large 11 > v . i 1.1 in. This advanced facility is equi| -.H <i ill .11 necessary peripherals 1oi r.ii i • sis and analyses efficiently.
Forces on complex str cturcs arc deter mined In DHI’s numerical model "
H ()| < >R. The mod simulates the de-
tailed   flow   field   aioimil   structures,   and loads arc found ii •          • flic v.tlculated p.re5“ sures  and  shear  stresses  acting  on  <*acm element.   FI   OFOK   is   a   powerful   mold oobbttaaiinniinngg lloouicers s oonn, ,tolorrininststaanncece,,Rpjfijf^itgf’-Sjli bundles. DI II thus offers a relevant
r .''r “\/i! rrnT. ;.» t/ A *S pH'
" <r ».•
U|. ”
I!i
tor ■
of physical ami
spec iIk project.
J nil met k al models for eat
rhe • rrelation between die parameters.
I hr hindcast activities arc supplemented
by measurements and monitor mg of envi-^k ronmental data. DHI designs and assists 
in setting up complete monitoring sys tems. including sensors, data acquisition equipment, data analysis and storage software. Reliable monitoring systems have proven beneficial for both opera tional purposes and for improving the environmental design basis.
Offshore Operations
Offshore sendees include modelling svstems tor operational forecasting o
i- environmental conditions. 1 hest too s 
V^u/cdtor         route   optimisations*      critica X^^fshore opera: ions, emergency situam”’
etc.
x *,5
*
- >»J bed <r><JC bon o cnur«a' nor ter «n
•he Kttorj/ pzne
Subsea Technology and Pipelines
•phi* interact ion bci wren structures.
t he M.rr.n.ruin
paM
m..unc rn
..nature, . I tll.u tn M.hst.ttcnires.
.ub.eawclll -I pipelines reVtnK on or being h»IK or mi buried in the sea bed.
Since die m d sc cities Dill has continuously ■?. cr. developing more refined and i enable methods to describe
the hydrodvn.trnics. morphomloogripcahol logical
processes and structural responses of
nsrall’ti',r
•. lt. --tn.! be.1 n <•! ■" df
u' if'
Seabed Variations
S< abed variations around installations due to %cour, sedimentation or migrating sand w aves can be simulated b) I >1IPs dynamic numerical models, when necessary sup plrmented by laboratory tests of scour formation and protection
Monitoring, Surveying and Risk Analysis
Pipeline free span development and self lowering oil sands’ seabed % may be pre
dieted accurately using the numeric J 
model PI Ph SIN. The model integrates the
Mibsefl structures.
fundamental processes, tunnel and kc side
(’he advancements have been obtained nor
erosion, tree span development and back 
least through the comprehensive K&.D
filling with an accurate description ot the
programmes, which arc often carried out
pipeline structural behaviour.
1
£
w
AO
2C
D
< ore^^
:
ae
in dose collaboration with the offshore
industry to assure that the findings are
rapid Is turned into engineering tools, for
instance in the form ol design guidelines 
and CAD codes.
Loads and Response
DI 11 has developed both 2D and 31 dynamic models for on-bottom stability analysts of pipes. Thu special problem of vibrations of free spanning pip* sections can be analysed in a separate model.
All the models apply a very detailed description of the environmental condi tions based on DHl’s hindcast models.
I or selection of the appropriate hydto- dynamic and soil coefficients, DH1 has a comprehensive data base ot coefficients established and currently being extended 
through inode! tests and through numerical simulations using l LOFOR.
^'Pe Installation
DHl^' n4m'V ^ P’P  System (DSS) i* 
DHI subsea activities also involve risk analyses related tv hydrodynamic. structural and morphological aspects, as well as impact from fishing gear, anchors and grounding ships.
jicrsf-«’r
t  I s K neralised software package for
e
v
ope
iru ys of morons of and stresses in pipes rh °X^Vr sV’n^vr submerged structures,
include analysis of towing
tionsl',°nS most I>’Peso^
av n
'^P’
n
L rA'
««
I
4Hydrology and Water Resources
Hydrological Studies
Services range from field investigation, data acquisition, processing and analysis to application of hydrological models. Computational models arc available for a varie ty of problems ranging from exten sion of insufficient streamflow records, prediction of runoff from ungauged catch ments to assessment of the effects of human influences on the hydrological regime, including watci quality.
Past assignments undertaken in different pai ts of chew* »rl<i h ivc included hydrolo
ical studie s .it ’ii st. i plan and feasibility level within the following fields:
•    Water resouies inventories
•   Data management systems
•    River basin mastci planning
•   Water aip;<\ (urban and rural)
•    Irrigation ind drainage
•    Resets on design and operation
•    I mJ iorci. lsring and control
•    Soil erosion and conservation
•   Groundwater pollution
1
In.Tntory of so and wjfr ccnscryaPon pru/ecb «n
Llhiop-i
I fvdrology plays an important role in any project dealing with water and related
land resources providing basic informa tion for vital decisions regarding future developments, design and operation. ’flic success of future schemes is therefore dependent tan reliable resource assess ments and efficient management.
DH 1 pursues these goals through develop ment and application of hydrological modelling techniques. The principal trend is towards an advanced deterministic distributed approach accounting for the hydrological processes in a physically realistic manner.
Af/M Vtf f-c £u *’op‘0 .?.'7 Hydroloy ral Si derr - /u’
Sf'C J"d Spdtml't d^fnbuted moaelltny of
the entire i,ind phase -Jf the hydroloqtcaf cycle
10        |X*nr»*i Hydra uV injlilu’e ii*w»«
I
River  and  Urban Hydraulics
DHI offers  a wide range of services  in connection with surface water manage ment studies and operations
The activities are concentrated on develop ment and application of mathematical surface water systems based on (.letcrmi rustic drscripti<»ns. I >H1 was among the first to develop such systems ami has applied them in numerous studies around
rhe world.
I >HI has also led rhe development of the systems into menu driven, user-friendly modelling packages. 7‘hus, the MIKE If microcomputer package for rivers and channels is the most widely distributed package nl its kind today.
Flood Control and Planning
Al! over rhe world, flood studies nowa days include application of mathematical modelling systems.
The tools used during the prcfeasibiIitv and feasibility studies can often be modi fied afterwards and applied in a real time mode tor foi ecast and operation purposes.
River Morphology
Morphological models arc highly efficient tools tor prediction of long-term sedimen tological consequences. The one-dimvnsi onal models are in this connection only useful for overall assessments, while more dct.uled local studies often require two- or even three dimensional models. For the specific problems of river bends, DI II has developed a 2D curvilinear model
Water Quality
water quality studies in rivers and fiords are undertaken in collaboration with the
ater Quality Institute. The two institutes have developed the advection-dispersion and water quality' modules for rhe MIKE 11 package.
’A4<>.£  r  ’  mode/  $. fng thepropjgjt.w
Urban Sewers
For analysis and design of urban drainage systems DI II is ottering the microcompu ter program MOUSE.
MOUSE is designed for different t ypes of runoff problems, ranging from simulation of hydraulic overload to statistical deter mination of pollution from combined sewer overflows.
DHtts >r »vlved rt pre
r>ent of the seve'eturfm water prob'ems Bang- ladesb
I or use in long fiords, estuaries, and
s unilar water bodies with two-layer for mation a dedicated MIKE 12 model, inclu- Glng the effects of density variations, shear
j‘ ,fLSS ‘ind water exchange between the la yers, is available.
Modules are available tor pollution calcu lations and for real time control of sewer systems.
'i
£• inr • Htf' !■ . ‘ '■ ’J ’■
JTTV rt. J 7
f'S’VIn <t
tilf yb
Hydro Informatics
Manv tasks within hvdraulic and water resources engineering are today undertaken with the assistance of computers and such tasks arc frequently related directly to
other areas of engineering in which information technology plays a major role.
Th eaimol the discipline Hydro Informa
tics' is to utilise modern information
technology to integrate the specialist
models of the hydrodynamic world with
other areas of engineering and manage
ment.
Some of the specialist tools which DHI
aims to integi are are:
•   Numerical modelling systems
•   Monitoring systems
•   Hydraulic information systems
•   Data processing packages
•   Data presentation and interactive
graphics
•   Knowledge-based systems
Management and Decision Support Systems
The integration of applications with
systems used within other areas of
society will create Management or
I )ecision Support Systems with a very 
high and general level ot functionality.
Among   the   system   types   implemented   by DHI can be mentioned:
•   Real-time control systems
•   River management systems
•   Environmental monitoring systems
•   Management of field data
•   Offshore maintenance systems
•   Management ot groundwater resources
Very often, such systems integrate the techniques of Geographical Information Svstcms (GIS), Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) and recently Object-Oriented Databases. Interactive graphics plays a major role in most ot the integrated systems.
In addition to integrating existing applica tions into management s\ stems. DHI undertakes the total design of such systems, ilk hiding setup of hardware, basic soft ware and interfaces to external sy stems.aboratory
■’ ■ • - t
<. v.
Laboratory Technology and Facilities
PHI develops and markets technology for hvdrauitc laboratories, including wave
generating systems, PC software, data
.lcqiiisinon equipment and transducers.
Since |97C. DHP.s I aboratory Technology 
has been adopted by more than 50 hydrau
lic laboratories worldwide. The same
technologies arc used in DHLs own
laboratories, which include the below-
mentioned facilities, f or Laboratory 
clients, it is a particular advantage that
technology can be optimised and long
term tested by application in DHI's own laboratories. Moreover, DHI is able to
offer    on-the-job    training    under    the    most realistic conditions.
DHI Laboratory Technology
Wave
MV’lb
•   2D wavcmakers for II units and hum
•   3D wavernakcrs for deep or shallow
basins
•   AWACS - Active Wave Absorption
Control System
PC Software
•    DHI Wave Synthesizer-
An integrated package for 21) and JI) wave synthesis, wavemaker control,
data acquisition, data analysis, data presentation and utility applications
TransduciLrs
•   Waves, forces and stresses, pressures, accelerations, ship motions, tempera
lures and currents
DHI Test Facilities
30x20 m, 3 rn deep basin (offshore) fur
3D waves, current and wind
35x25 m, O.K ni deep basin far waves anil current
36x30 m, 0.45 rn deep basin for wawt 32x30 m, 0.75 rn deep basin lor waves 68 x 30 m. 0.45 m deep basin for waves
Elumcs
65x  |.g  rn,  1.8  rn  high  flume  for  waves (0.8 m)
30  x  1.8  m,  1.8  m  high  Hume  for  waves (0.5 m)
35 x 5.5 rn, 0.8 in high flume far waves 
(0.4 m) and current (1.2 rn’/s)
35x0.6 m. 1.5 rn high flume for waves 
(0.5 m)
23x0.6  m,  1.0  rn  high  flume  for  waves 23x0.6 m, 0.9 rn high Hume forenrretrt
Additional facilities  arc  available to DHI at the Technical University  of Denmark, which is locjtcd near to I)HI
All wavemakers, which arc for randan wave generation, arc PC • con r rolled The 2D basin wavemakrrs arc movable Dir flume wavemakrn are equipped * ’■
A VAC 5, the active waveabsorption control svstem. Movable current and wind generating sy items tan be rnvtajled
•n all facilities.
Pi»*
Is<J^__
! Vbdn hyrf'dui'irs
is    the    brand    name    for    DHI’s    professional hydroinformatics       software.       DHI       Software includes       high-quality       engineering       software packages for the deterministic simulation
of the physical, chemical and biological processes of water, from rainfall-runoff through groundwater and rivers to coastal waters and open seas. Compatible tools for data management and real-time data acquisition and control systems arc also pan of the software family.
DHI Software is offered to users all over
the world through a network of more than
30 sales and support agents. The network 
partners also offer specialised engineering
services based upon expert application of
the software and upon their close links 
with DHI and easy access co its specialised consultancy services.
DHI Software is under continuous devel
opment by engineers and scientists from
DI II and VKI, w ho arc among the expert
users of rhe software product. Thus, a
close   and   continuous   link   of   new’   develop ments     to     practical     engineering     applications is guaranteed.
OH I Software consists of the following generalised modelling packages and soft
ware tools:
• MOUSE a modelling system for pipe
networks. such as urban storm and
sewer systems. It includes rainfall
runoff, hydrodynamic, water quality,
sediment and real time operation
modules
• MIKE II - a ID mode! for rivers,
channels and irrigation systems, includ
ing rainfall-runoff, hydrodynamics,
advection-dispersion, morphological,
water quality and tw o layer flow
modules
• MIKE 21 - a modelling system for 2D
free surface flows, inc luding advection dispersion, w-ater quality, heavy metals, eutrophication and sediment transport
in estuaries, coastal waters and seas
I    I    I    PACK    an    integrated    modelling system     for     littoral     piocrsscs morphodv namics
MIKE    SHE    -    a    distributed, physically        based        hydrological modelling     system     applicable     to
a   wide   range   of   w   ater  resources problems    related    to    surface    and groundwater       management,       con tamination and soil erosion
SAW - Spill Analysis Work
station for the simulation of <’d
spills and spills of dangerous 
chemicals into the aquatic'
environment
EIELDMAN     -     a     complete     concept for    storage    and    management    of mrasurenient data collected in
14         Danish            < inr. Me lune 1AA4Selected
References
Denmark Sweden, rhe
North Sea. Dunbar
5'*WLiiJtibrt
3f
fjrufy  jf
0resund! mk. Hvdrau-
f ield Jacket installation
vr^te-potnJ /r Jtvyia
lic and environment.!,
tests. .4 W£C Engineer
^ 0otT'h-'‘‘lcs,,;n
nnpact 0re>Mndfken
ing on behalf of Total
ira arid monitoring
^rUrtilW
Pct roicum Campa ny.
;\cm.                       <■>“'<*
UK 1992)
Coast*! Hydraulics
Denmark* F-ino Ferry
Subsea Engineering
Hong Kong. Lar.taii
\ ivigation ( haiincl
Australia. Tri-pipe
port Doehpmmt.
Sedimentation study
System. Determination
Vi ave analv*»* ar. J
Afew/r/r State Railways
of Hydrodynamic
River Hydraulics
Barif'ladcth. M
database. Civil En-
!^9G
forces I awson 6
Germans-, Hamburg
sneering Department
Action Plan 24 R .er
’hetoar Pty Ltd on
Harbour Si I tat ion
(1992-94
»uney project. G’tne^i
Egypt, Coast hr ns ion
behalf'of’/.on, AmfM.iu
.Modelling of cohcsise
wtfo/At'igfA&dr £/'
Management. Shore
f/99J
and non c<»hesis« $ed«
pmiet tm n .4 ut ha ntv
ment. Hamburg Port
(1992 93)
Drnmark. North Sea
Authority
Urban Hydraulics
Skpild Gorm fntcrfield
< hina, Shanghai Sewer
Malaysia. Lawit Shore
Pipeline. Ate* dr Olie
RanglaJesh. Surtxe
System. Ma&ttnaxi* al
Approach. Mnrphulngi
r»X Qu A5 (199IJ
Water Simulation Pro
model tr a infer and
cal modelling study.
gramme UNDP UMJ
•.raining labor afoot
E1»« Product inn Ma
Water Resources
Rank (199r, 9C). DamJa
it’HrJrjitluiac de
laysia Inc f/W-SMJ
Slovakia. Danubian
1990-96
/rance err behaF if
i
I ou !and. Gruundwitrr
Hbjifhai Municipal
Argentina, River Phte.
m«>drl Slovak Ministry
Mllavua, Sarawak
Sewage Dtfurtmert
Manin Garcia Naviga
of Fnvin/nmrnl
Regulation Scheme.
(1991-94;
Denmark-Sweden, the
tian (.'hanncl. Scdimen
1992-95)
Mathematical mtsdcEing
Ground Link Hydro*
ration study. FFCMFS
study, hydrodynamics,
tur«.’pc, Red-Tirnc
graphic surveys and
(1991-94) '
L’gand.i. IX arer Action
sediment transport ind
Control of Urbin
environmental mom-
Plan. Uater Quality
water quality. HYDEC
Drainage and S <serage
mring system. Orr
Belize.       Coastal       Manage
imtitute on behalf of
I ngtneenng ^in Shi
System in fku-m 11 IK|
^<ndr4-nn«orr/rr 1993-.
ment; UNDP 19931
Cot emment of Uganda
on behalf of Saraiedk
Mwtrna (Inly’.
(1992-94)
Economic Deve»6pment
Vitoria C .xitc^r (Spain i
Venice Lagoon.
Ports    and    Coastal
Corporation '1993 94
uid Coper Ji agen 53tn
Operational flood
Structures
Central America, Real-
mark). I annul /num
naming »vstern. CoW-
Denmark, the Great
Time Flood Forecast
ttpjiaici (1993-94)
Belt Western Bridge.
and Flood Control
Scour protection tests.
Environmental
Modelling. Technology
A juralu. Stormwater
Great Helt I ink I id
transfer and training.
Management. Provu>on
Hydraulics 
(1993)
CEPRF.DENAC and
of nuihnr.iLca! models.
Taiwan. Western
Cuuul Model Manne pollutants investigation ind assimilative capacity evaluation. Environ mental Protection
Agency
Turkey. Istanbul Sea Modelling. AD water qtu.nv and eutrophica tion model ISK1,
’•tunbul Water and
*" i rrage Adminiura m»H 1992-94,
^‘udi Arabia, M Khobar ,, a'e U Desahnatinn
' u*tt. Gaoling water Circulation Mudv.
England
Malaysia, Kertih Break water stability tests. Bendel Palmer 6 Trit- ton Ltd (UK) nn behalf
n f Peinmat and BP
(1992
Qatar. Ras I.affan Port. Numetical modelling ot sedimentation, long wave and short wave agitation, current and wave Hinduast. (.’on done and Partners
(Italy) on behalf of
Qatar Genera/ Petro leum Company (199))
‘pKhore Model
T e*ting
N°"h Se», B„.n.
national imtitutei in
nx different countries
'1993-95
Indonesia. Tilling
Hawang Irrigation
Study. Feasibility
studies «»n irrigation schemes Rinnie 6 Partner (UK) on behalf
of Ministry of Public
Works 1992-93)
India. Toggerah Lake Flood Forecast. Moder nisation of hydro-
ii tet r<i rologic al • >bscrva - bans in Rajasthan.
Thapar Hydracunsuh on behalf of the (anitm ment of Rajasthan (1994-96)
Launon 6 Zrr/.i’
Lrl r>n behd/n Sydr.rr '.I airr fiai vd 199C-)
r
PhiLppincs. Pa-is Riser. RchibiliUi on and flu J hi ng study Dcpanmcr.: <i* Enli^ ronment and ArraM.' Rr*‘titnd IP^1
r
m,-’1 trDanish Hydraulic Institute
Ag e rn A11 e 5
DK-2970 Horsholm
Denmark
Phone: +45-45 76 95 55 Fax:       +45 • 45 76 25 67 Telex: 37 402 dhicph dk______________________________
Dai h Hydraulic Institute
Ag^rn Ate 5, OK-2970 
Onrrjri
Tdephore. M5 45 76 95 55
Telefax +45 45 76 25 67
Tele* 37 4O2dhicphA
IlKE 11.
hort DescriptionDanish Hydraulic Institute
Agern Alle 5
DK-2970 Horsholm
Denmark
Phone: +45-45 76 95 55 Fax:       +45 • 45 76 25 67 Telex: 37 402 dhicph dkDanish Hydraulic Institute
Age'n A * 5. DK.-297O Hcr/oin. Derr-^1
Telephone *45 45 76 95 55
Teltjfdx. *45 45 76 25 67
>Ip< 37 402 (fh<phdk
mike ii .
Short DescriptioniI.................................................. -
inTRoduct>on .................................  .......................................
general features................................................ . ................ ♦
Hardware and Software Requirements 2* 1
-             Database Facilities Topographical Database
4
................  4
2 
3 
Mean Areal Rainfall
Data
Time Series Database Processing 
5
$ 
Hydraulic Geometry....................................................................................................  5
Computational Grid ..................................................................................................... 5
Graphics 5
Event Summary Statistics.....................................................................................        8
2.4 HIS - Hydrological Information System  8
2.5         GIS - Geographical
3.1
Information System RAINFALL-RUNOFF PROCESSES
NAM - Rainfall-Runoff................................................................................
.........................
Status
Applications
Mathematical Formulation .................................................... Special Features
...............  .
...............
.................
Data Requirements .........................................................................................
Calibration Factors....................................................................
UH   -   Unit   Hydrograph   . Status
Applications Mathematical Formulation Dau Requirements . ■ • -
9
10
10
10 10
10
10
11
11
11 11
12
12
124              RIVER AND ESTUARINE HYDRODYNAMICS
4.1           HD Hydrodynamic..................................................................
Status........................................................................
13
............. ...
Applications.............................................................
Mathematical Formulation .....................................
. . . . . . . . . . . • • 13
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • 13
Solution Technique . ....... ........................................
Special Features ......................................................
Structures ................................................................
Data Requirements..................................................
Calibration Factors...................................................
4.2           UD - Urban Drainage...............................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
............. ...
............. ...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Status.....................................................................
Applications.............................................................   .............................................................. 17
Solution Technique..................................................   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J7
Special Features ......................................................
Data Requirements...................................................
4.3           SO - Structure Operations .......................................
Stafirt
................
4.4
4.5           AMC - Automatic Manning's n
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
......................................... 18
...................................... 18
........................ 18
. . . . . . . . . . IS
.... 19
.... 19
. 20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . 20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  ... 20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . ... 20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  .20
•••*
... 20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ’ ’ 20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‘ ’ 20
21%
........................ . . .
5
flood forecasting
<; I FF - Flood Forecasting Status
• • . .
4
’ ' ' '
........................................
Applications.........................................  ....................................................... Mathematical Formulation 
Special Features
.................................................. ‘
'
Data Requirements ......................................................................................... ' ' ' "
...................................
non-cohesive sediment processes
6 1 ST - Morphology Module Status
Applications.................................................................................................................. Mathematical Formulation 
Special Features Solution Technique Data Requirements Calibration Factors
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
25
6.2 
GST 
Status
Applications
Mathematical Formulation  
-
Graded 
Sediments
y
25
Special Features .......................................................................................................  35
Data Requirements Calibration Factors ‘ ’
25
ADVECTION-DISPERSION AND BIOLOGICAUCHEMICAL PROCESSES
AC      -      Advection-Dispersion 
(including cohesive sediment)
07
... 27
Status
J
 ......................................
. . 27
Applications
. . 27
Mathematical Formulation
. 27
Solution Technique .
. 27
Pccial Features
... 27
r aitlRequlrenients ■
. 27
Calibration Factors
. . 28
AC$ K/f
25
................ . . 28
te''cal,°ns.............................
...............................................
............. .28
Dau Sj*' Fonnulation ....................................................................
Calibre? rements
............. .....................29
...................... .29
,lbratton Factors .....................................................................   ................ ... 29
■7.3         WQ - Water Quality
Status
Applications
Mathematical Formulation . Solution Technique
Data                  Requirements Calibration Factors
7.4          PHOS - Phosphorus Module Status
Applications
Mathematical Formulation . Data Requirements Calibration Factors
7.5          EU - Eutrophication
Status
Applications
Mathematical Formulation Solution Technique
Data Requirements Calibration Factors
7.6          HM - Heavy Metal
Status
Applications
Mathematical Formulation . . Solution Technique
Data Requirements Calibration Factors
8 QUASI STEADY STATE
8.1 QSS - Quasi Steady State . . .
Status
Applications
Mathematical Formulation . . Solution Technique
Special Features
Data Requirements Calibration Factors
9 MIKE 11 - LIST OF INSTALLATIONSi introduction
j INTRODUCTION
•            COHESIVE  AND  NON
O
yflKE    II    is    a      comprehensive    modelling package    for    the    simulation    of    flows, sediment   transport   and   water   quality   in rivers,    irrigation    systems,    estuaries,    and ether    water    bodies.    It    is    designed    for micro-computers  with  the  DOS  or  UN  DC operating   systems,   and   provides   the   user with    an    efficient    interactive    menu    and graphical  support  system,  with  logical  and ^temauc layouts and sequencing  f
The primary  feature of the modelling system is its integrated  modular structure arri shared  databases for topographic and tune series data (see Fig.  1.1).  Computa tional modules can  be added  if and  when required The basic modules are:
•        HYDROLOGY
•        HYDRODYNAMICS
•        ADVECTION/DISPERSION
COHESIVE 
SEDIMENT 
TRANSPORT
• 
WATER QUA
LITY
Add-on  modules are available offering advanced  facilities increasing  the power and  sophistication  of the basic modules. The structure of the modules is shown  in Fig. 1.2.
The following  sections of this document provide a short outline of the general features of the system and  the individual modules.
MIKE  11  is pan  of a suite of modelling packages which  are similarly  designed  and structured,  and  which  have fully  compa tible interfaces.  The closest relations in  (he suite are MIKE  12  for one dimensional two  layer flow,  and  MIKE  21  for two dimensional one layer flow: short descrip tions are available for these packages also.1 INTRODUCTION
Geograpical and
Topgraphlcaf Database
Rood Forecast
* Rod Time Database
Updating
▼
Open Channel Hydraulics Hydrodynamic Roods and Tldot
Quasi St reedy Slate
Non-Coheeive  Sediment
Process as
Morphology
Graded Sediments
BlologlcaJA^iemlcal Prosessas and
Advecllon -Dis porslo n
Water Quality I
Phosphorus
Eutrophication ~]
Heavy Metal!
Results Dstacase
---- —
----------------------- x---------------------
▼
Graphical and Digital Po si-Processor
e— >
Statics
Figure 1.1 Modular Structure of MIKE 111 INTRODUCTION
STATUS              J core______________
—-—
HD add on
Svstcin______ ___________
HD add on
i system__________ —----------- Rainfall-Run°ff
stand  alone
HD add on
FloodForecasting___________
NAM add on
UH
UD
Unit Hydrograph
HD add on
Urban Drainage
HD add on
Structure Operations
HD add on
Dam Break
HD add on
Automatic  Manning’s Calculation
HD add on
Morphology
HD add on
Graded Sediments
ST add on
Advection/ Dispersion
HD add on
Advanced  Cohesive
Sediment
AD add on
J^Quahty
AB add on
-Explication
U'
m
- ------------------------ -------------------------
AB add on
AB add on
Quasi
ACS
WQ
EU
HM
HD add on (AD, ST, WQ, EU, HM as reqd)
rg 12 Struct&e of MIKE 11 Core and Add On Modules
“Option
Page 3
j, H.l ' •'*
•■2.2 Database Facilites
2       GENERAL FEATURES
2.1 Hardware and
Software Requirements
MIKE  11  is designed  for micro-computers with  DOS or UNIX operating  systems and Workstations.  The recommended  minimum hardware and  software requirements are given in Table 1.1.
2.2 Database Facilities
MIKE  11  uses database techniques for the organisation  of data system.  These databa ses can  also  be used  independently  as general hydrological databases for river basins.
Table 1.1
------------------------------------ •
Hardware
config.
RAM
MB
Free disk Space, MB
Math co
processor
Operating
System
Graphics
Package
Other
PC-DOS
4
20-50
✓
DOS
MS WINDOWS
3.1
J
PC-UN1X
8
50-100
SCO UNIX
GRAFPAK-GKS
Workstation
8
50-100
UNIX-
compatible
GRAFPAK-GKS
X-Windo«
X-Windo«
Page 4
MIKE 11I
Topographical Database
Stores data describing the physical system:
» River cross-sections
•   Flood plain topography
t Channel and flood plain roughness
•   Structure (eg weir or culvert) geometry
»
2.5 Data Processing
Mean Areal Rainfall
Rainfall   data   from   different   stations   are combined   to   a   time   series   of   weighted averages     representing     the     mean     areal rainfall  for  the  catchment.  The  rainfall  data may  be  daily,  or  N-hourly  (where  N  is  3, or  6,  etc),  or  combinations  of  these.  Gaps in   the   data   records   are   accommodated   by adjusting the weightings.
Hydraulic Geometry
I
Time Series Database
Stores time series of measurements used for model boundaries,  model calibration and verification and presentation of record ed events:
Rainfall
Potential and actual evaporation Meteorological data
Water levels
Discharges
Pollutant concentrations Water quality process rates Sediment transport rates Bed levels
Sediment fractions
Stnjcrure operations
2.3
Dau
Data Processing
The cross-sectional hydraulic parameters (processed  data) are calculated  automati cally  following  input of the raw data as a z-y  co-ordinate system.  Both  the raw and the processed  hydraulic data can  be plotted on  the screen  or as hardcopy.  Sec Fig.  2.1 for illustration.
Computational Grid
The computational grid  is generated  auto matically.  Grid  points are located  at all topographical river cross-sections specified in  the database.  Additional gridpoints are generated  automatically  as required  by interpolation  in  the cross-sectional hydrau lic data.
are    processed    automatically    during entr’’   and   warnings   and   error   messages issued    whenever    unlikely    or    obviously trr ^ous data are entered.
There
ar _
e sev«ral routines for automatic ^Prrocessing.
Graphics
Input data checking,  presentation  and  inter pretation  of results can  be carried  out using graphics.  MIKE 11  uses standard  graphics packages: MS-WINDOWS 3.1  for the DOS version  and  GRAFPAK-GKS for the PC-UNIX and  Workstation  versions,  see
Fig- 2.2.
Page 52.3 Data Processing
RIVER1 0.000 km TOPO 10:2.10
mrner
A.6.5.R
RAW CROSS-SECTION DATA
Top© ID ..............
TEST
River Warne ...
RIVER1
Chainage ...........
0.000 km
•Resistance Radius Hydraulic Rad/Effect Area Hydraulic Rad/Total Area
Section:
•Open
Closed
DatLK Adjustment: 0.00 m
Morphological    Model
Divide X-Section (Y/N)? N
Level of Divide:                    0.00 ID
9
<•>
X (m)
2 (m)            Rel Res
X-Sect Param Levels     (m) No: 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
<1>
<2>
<3>
0.00
0.00
100.00
110.00
120.00
130.00
140.00
240.00
240.00
5.00
1.00
1.00
-2.00
-3.00
-2.00
1.00
1.00
5.00
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Sei: (E/I/D/T/B/F/N/P/esc) Edit Insert Delete Top Bottom Forr. Next Plot <esc
A.6.5.P                        PROCESSED  RIVER CROSS-SECTION DATA
River name : RIVER1
Chainage :                  0.000 km
Coor Type: 0
X-Coor:
V—•
Resistance Radius Himber of Levels :            6
Dir Type: 0
O.r:
Section   Ends   (Type   2) X-Left :
v-i r •
Y-Right:
__
Level
Cm)
Cross-Sec
Area (m2)
Radius
(■)
Storage
Width (m)
Add Storage
Area (m2)
Resistance
Factor
' Conveyance AR*(2/3)*I»
•3.00
-2.00
-0.50
1.00
1.16
5.00
0.00
10.00
47.50
100.00
138.40
1060.00
0.00
0.64
1.84
2.99
2.10
4.59
0.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
240.00
240.00
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
7.43
71.32
207.55
226.96
2927.62 _____ ——‘
<l>    Insert    row    (before    cursor)    <D>    Delete    row    <P>    plof       Processed    3* <Esc> end and update <'K'S> update <'Q> end WITHOUT update
Figure 2.1 Cross-section with flood plains. Raw and 
da^
Page 6
MIKE 11 Short o«crlp"“
Mydf mm ir . • -*2.3 Data Processing
Figure 2.2
6™Ph‘cal presentation of a MIKE 11 input menu, river branch network and e Senes results using WINDOWS
Page "%
2.4 His - Hydrological
Information System
Event Summary Statistics
An  event summary  statistics module provides statistical analyses of all MIKE 11  result files,  ie hydrodynamic, 
concentration,  sediment transport,  etc. Applications of the module include the following:
Cummulative time above or below a threshold and plots of parameters, eg concentration in a coordinate system Maximum  continuous  period  above or  below  threshold  and  plots  in  a coordinate system
Maximum continuous period tain recovery period into account 3
2.4 HIS - Hydrological
Information System
HIS is an add-on module providing corre lation and statistical analyses for a number of result files or field data records stored in  the time series databases.  Facilities include data checking,  determination  of duration and double mass curves, extensive rating curve analysis, and extreme value analysis.
Figure 2.3 HIS MIKE 11 pre- & postprocessor
Page 8
'•'Zitut ' r*I'v-rI c - Geographical
formation System
between MIKE 11 and Geogra-
include:
Defining  flood  limits  and  the  impact of   alternative   flood   alleviation 
schemes
Contouring      of      flood      inundation depths
Integration  with  other spatial related information,  eg  cross-sections, structure geometry,  historical event hydrographs, land use
Dynamic visualisation of historical and possible future flood in two and three topographic dimensions
Data capture from digitised maps and back plotting
3D ^2D
r
o   reSerUat‘Oru °f r^e nuuimum water level direct from the MIKE 11 Scenari ^
Sh <>rt Option3.1 NAM - Rainfall-Runoff
3      RAINFALL-RUNOFF PROCESSES
3.1 NAM - Rainfall-Runoff
Status
An add-on module to the HD module or a stand-alone model.
Applications
Used   for   the   simulation   of   runoff   from rural and urban catchments in a wide range of   climatic   regions   It   is   a   deterministic, conceptual,   lumped   model   with   moderate data requirements.
Simulated  runoff can  be transferred  direct ly  as lateral inflow to  the hydrodynamic (HD) module.
Mathematical Formulation
The   runoff   from   several   (sub)catchments can   be   calculated   simultaneously.   NAM makes  a  continuous  account  of  the  moi sture  content  in  four  interrelated  storages: snow   storage,   surface   storage,   lowerzone storage and ground water storage.
The  structure  of  the  model Fig. 3.1.
Special Features
is illustrated in
If the runoff and groundwater recharge of any of the catchments are affected by ini- gation schemes, separate NAM calculations can be performed on each irrigation area defined  within  a  catchment.  A  modified description of infiltration is used and the time   series   of   irrigation   application   is specified   as   additional   supply   to   the surface storage.
The effect of irrigation on the following is described:
Overall catchment water balance Local infiltration and groundwater recharge in irrigated areas
The distribution of the carets runoff among overland flow, inte
Page 10
D m-.k 
'‘*.'1-4 G.y.’.f HyOfAylCFigure
Data Rtquirements
The data requirements for NAM are.
•   General   catchment   data   such   as: catchment area, topography and soil properties
Meteorological data: precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and temperature (for the snow routine) ^°del parameters such as time constants and threshold values for
Calibration Factors
NAM is based on both physical and semi- empirical concepts and equations. Average parameters and variables are used to repre sent   each   subcatchment   (the   model   is lumped). Some are estimated from physical catchment  data  while  others  are  adjusted during model calibration.
32
routing of overland flow, interflow and '’ue flow
^htamflow for model calibration
Status
An  add-on  module  to stand-alone model.
UeHDiW1"1'0'1
X
cnptionApplications
Used  to  simulate the runoff from single storm events using unit hydrograph tech niques. Used for areas where no stream flow records exist.
Simulated runoff can be transferred direct ly as lateral inflow to the HD module.
Mathematical Formulation
Runoff from several catchments can be cal culated  simultaneously.  Three infiltration loss models are available to  calculate excess rainfall:
• A fixed initial loss followed by a constant loss rate
•        A loss rate proportional to the tlln. 
fall intensity (the ’rational method')
• 
A loss rate determined by the SCS
curve number method
Excess rainfall is routed to the river using unit hydrograph  or time area methods including the SCS dimensionless and SCS triangular synthetic unit hydrographs (see Fig. 3.2), or user defined hydrographs.
Data Requirements
The input data required include catchment description data and time series of rainfall
Figure 3.2 SCS dimensionless and triangular synthetic hydrographs - data requirements ~
Page 12
L
Kj'm. r '-*•?H D. Hydrodynamic
Status
Hie hydrodynamic module is the nucleus of the MIKE 11 modelling system and it
foras   the   basis   for   most   modules, including flood forecasting (FF), advec- ton-dispersion (AD), water quality (WQ), and non-cohesive sediment transport (NST) modules.
Applications
Applications include:
Flood    forecasting    and    reservoir operation
Simulation of flood control measures Operation  of irrigation  and  surface drainage systems
Design of channel systems
Studies of tides and storm surges in rivers and estuaries.
Wothtmoricd Formulation
It  HD  solves  the  vertically  inte- ?Tated equations of conservation of conti- nu ity and momentum, ic the Saint Venant Wions.
r^SnULwave description uses the full
Simplified    flow    descriptions    are    also available:
diffusive wave ignores inertial terms Suitable for flows with modest dynamic variation eg slowly propagating flood waves
kinematic wave assumes a balance between friction and gravity forces. Appropriate for steep rivers without backwater effects
Solution Technique
The computational grid comprises alterna ting  Q (discharge) and  h  (water level) points as illustrated in Fig. 4.1. The grid is automatically  generated  with  Q-points placed  midway  between  neighbouring  h- points and at structures.
Figure 4.1 The Computational Grid
Page 134  1 HD - Hydrodynamic
The differential equations are solved  in  a 6-point implicit finite difference scheme with  alternating  Q and  h  points,  known  as the Abbott-Ionescu  scheme,  figure 4.2. The momentum equation  is centred  about Q-points whereas the continuity  equation  is centred about h-points.
The generalized matrix solution procedure utilizing the double sweep algorithm applies to simply as well as multiply con
nected regions (looped and branched » works). 
Oet '
The same solution method is appii^j. subcritical and supercritical flow condit*. by ascribing the centring of the scheme- a function of the flow state (ie the Froude number). This is essential when both 
and supercritical flow situations have to be described within the same model simuh i tion, as is frequently the case for riven | and flood plains.
Page 144.1 HD - Hydrodynamic
Sptcia! Febres
Wind Resistance
Two different bed resistance descriptions are available: Chezy (C) and Manning M (Strickler) or Manning's n. It can be varied spatially (transversely, longitudinally, or with elevation) and/or temporally. Either the resistance radius or hydraulic radius can be employed depending on the shape of the cross-section.
Wind resistance is accounted by inclusion of the wind  shear stress on  the water surface. The wind shear stress component is computed  from the wind  speed  and direction  across the model domain  by applying a wind friction coefficient.
Flood plains
Depending on the physical circumstances, different approaches can  be selected  to desenbe flows over flood plains.
1)   Extended Cross-Section
Where the water level is the same on the flood plain and in the river channel (a drainage area), the inundated area is described by extending the description of the cross-section across the flooded area.
2)    Parallel Branches
Where the water levels in the channel and flood plain differ (a spilling area), the  cross-section  can  be  divided  into two     or     more     parallel     branches connected   by   broadcrested   weirs.   A quasi two-dimensional flow network is built  up  to  simulate  exchange  of  flow between  channel  and  flood  plain,  and among flood plain cells.
3)    Additional Flooded Areas
Off-channel locations where water is stored  during  the passage of a flood, and where there is negligible flow, can be represented  by  additional flooded areas.
Fig.  4.3  illustrates  the  essential  difference between a drainage and spilling area.< 1 HD - Hydrodynamic
F ‘S^ 44 MoM   ns
„
The schematization of a simple flood plain 
flow network is illustrated in Fig. 4.4
tied separately. This option is avail
able for both overflow and underflow
Structures
structures
A number of different fixed structure types
is implemented in the standard hydrodyna mic module:
Regulating Structures
The flow through regulating structures
is user-defined under all flow cod&
• Broadcrested weirs or long culverts
tions, eg structures with a predeter mined operation or structures
which the flow is a function of wattf
The flow is computed  automatically, for both  drowned  and  critical flow, 
based  on  structure geometry and user specified energy loss coefficients.
Special Structures
If the standard built-in formulations for free outflow do not apply, Q/h rela
tionships for critical flow can be speci-
4.irv,<
level or discharge at other locations & the model area.
If   the   structure   is   equipped   W,L‘ movable  gates  the  flow  is  depend^'1 on the actual gate opening at any
The operation of control g^eS complex operating rules (eg & tion channels, locks or reservoirs)v be modelled using the structure ope
MIKE 11 Short Descrip °n
cl
* inti*t
Data Requirements
The following data are required:
Topography     (river     and     flood     plain cross-sectional data)
Structure geometry
Time series of water levels or flows at
al! model boundaries. Downstream
model boundaries can be replaced by a Q/H relationship (rating curve)
Time series of lateral inflows
Initial conditions of water levels and flows in  the entire model area.  Initial conditions can  be generated  automatic ally using built-in facilities:
A   steady   state   backwater   analysis based   on   the   boundary   conditions at    the    start    of    the    simulation provides  water  levels  and  flows  in all internal model grid points.
Hot    Start"    using    existing    result files.
Calibration Factors
fine series of water levels and  flows within  the model area are used  for “libration and verification.
Vibration  is carried  out by  adjustment of ^ channel and  flood  plain  roughness coef-
■'dents within reasonable limits.
Status
An HD add-on module.
Applications
Used  for modelling  storm runoff and  pro gressive inundation  from river overflows or coastal storm surges draining  through  a combined  network  of culverts and  open channels.
Solution Technique
The computation  uses the fast Cell Integral Analysis and  the initial flood  surge is simulated using a Whitham front analysis.
Special Features
The UD module is able to simulate looped systems of combined culverts and open channels, rapid changes in cross-section, shallow street flows and control structures. Both dynamic and diffusive waves can be simulated in addition to supercritical flow.
Data Requirements As for the HD module.
Page 174.3 SO - Structure Operations
Figure 4.5 MIKE 11 LJD Comparison of unsteady energy and momentum solutions through a culvert
4.3 SO - Structure Operations
Status
An HD add-on module.
Applications
With  the control structure facility  it is possible to  simulate the actual operation  of control gates (eg  in  irrigation  channels, ship  locks or outlets from reservoirs) as complex  rules.  It is possible to  simulate either underflow (eg sluice gates with ver-
Page 18
tical sliding or rotating section) 1 overflow (movable weir) structures I*** Fig. 4.6).
Mathematical Formulation
ITie discharge for an overflow struck similar to that for a broadcrested • 
with a variable crest level determine
the operating rule.
An underflow cture
MIKE U Short Dc5crS0  - ^^Operations
I
as:
>
bt oadcrested   weir   while   the   gate   lip   is jbove  the  water  surface  at  the  crest.  If the file     Up     is     below        water        surface.     the passing  water  is  forced  into  a  supercritical et.  At  the  point  of  maximum  contraction. i  hydrostatic  pressure  distribution  can  be assumed,  and  the  flow  calculated  from  the
energy upstream.
If the jet is drowned by the tailwater level, i submerged  orifice equation  is used  to
calculate the discharge.
Special Features
Ik gate operation includes features such
gate  operation  as  a  function  of  time  or hydraulic    variables    (water    levels    and discharges      or      differences      in      water levels   and   discharges)   anywhere   in   the river     branch     system
different gate operations may  be applied  for positive and  negative flow direction respectively
an     override     option     is     available     for emergency      situations,      eg      the      gates should    always    be    closed/open    if    any extreme event occurs.
hydraulic jump
Principle of controlling underflow gate
following data are requited:
' Stnicture geometry
Inflow     and     outflow     headloss     coeffi cients
Gate operation rules
|n«iM ’Oac-.nHyCa-t r?tt- -%
4.5 AMC - Automatic Manning's n Calculation
4.4 DB - Dambreak
Status
An HD add-on module.
Applications
Used  to  simulate breach  development in  a dam structure due to  overtopping  or pipe failure.
Mathematical Formulation
Discharge characteristics over the dam structure are treated  as for a broadcrested weir except that the shape of the dam changes with  time as the breach  develops. Flow over the crest and  through  the breach are calculated  separately  (see Fig.  4.7) using  the same equations as for the broadcrested weir.
The breach  is initially  assumed  to  be trapezoidal and  its geometric development is either a known  function  of time or of erosion  based  on  the sediment transport capacity  of the breach  flow.  The erosion based  failure may  be due to  overtopping  or to  "pipe" failure in  which  flow occurs through  a pipe in  the dam wall.  The pipe enlarges due to  soil erosion  allowing  the flow to  increase.  The dam eventually collapses into  the void  created  by  the piping  failure after which  the failure is simulated as an overtopping process.
Special Features
• Three modes for the initiation of failure
•      Breach expansion as a function of tm. or of sediment transport rate
•      Breach flow and flow over crest me spillway, respectively
Data Requirements
Input     data     depends     on     the     failure mechanism and may include:
•      Dam geometry
•      Headloss factors
•      Breach geometry
•      Pipe geometry and characteristics
•      Material properties
4.5 AMC - Automatic Manning's n Calculation
Status
An HD add-on module.
Applications
Used to establish bed resistance for
reach of river with simultaneous measure
ments of upstream and downstream w3te'
levels and discharge.
Mathematical Formulation
■ cteadV <Juring Flow is assumed to be quasi-
the period of measurement an^e) uniform flow equations (bac ’ (Cj 3^ are solved iteratively until co varjr measured water levels coinCI e'
y
iob0*1
Page 20
MIKE 11 Shortnon  with depth and time of Manning roughness is calculated.
Data Requirements As for the HD module.
^re 4.7 Combined fllM over breach and
I
I
Page 215 1 FF- Flood Forecasting
5 FLOOD FORECASTING
FF - Flood Forecasting
Status
A    stand-alone    model,    utilizing    the    HD    and NAM modules.
Applications
Used  for real-time flood  or storm surge forecasting.  Provides a reliable modelling system for the translation  of real-time rainfall,  water level,  discharge and reservoir operation  data into  forecasts of river flows and water levels.
Mathematical Formulation
The main components of the module are:
•    A real-time data management system
•    NAM rainfall-runoff module
•    The HD module
•    .An automatic updating procedure
The updating  procedure utilizes measured and/or calculated  discharge or water levels to  minimize the difference between  observ ed  and  simulated  flow/water levels at the time of forecast.  It distinguishes between amplitude and  phase errors which  are then taken  into  account in  the forecast.  The updating  can  be carried  out on  both  water levels and  discharges,  see Fig.  5.1  for illustration.
Special Features
Can be used with manual input of dau with a real-time data link to a telemttr. system in an automatic data collection uj processing system.
Data Requirements
As for the HD and NAM modules.
Page 22
MIKE 11 Shortgjjnfall
<aUr2T^lua>aa
BOUNDARY DATA FORECAST
Quan tfta tire precipitation Flcra and water lcrrela AdHaed roaorroLr releaaee
(TmDj*ratnr<;
- 5
E
telemetry or manual data entry
I Data pm n—rin<
I Quality ooutraJ
IA
iL
CALCULATIONS
Page 236.1 ST - Morphology Module
6 NON-COHESIVE SEDIMENT PROCESSES
6.1 ST - Morphology Module
Status
Requires     HD-result     file,     or     is     coupled     to the HD module.
Applications
Used  to  determine sediment budgets and  to assess the morphological impacts of pro posed  river works and  other activities,  eg navigation  channels,  dredging  and  sand  ex traction.
Mathematical Formulation
Five sediment and  alluvial roughness models are available; Engelund-Hansen, Ackers-White and  Smart-Jaeggi for total load,  and  Engelund-Fredsoe and  van  Rijn for suspended  and  bed  load  separately. Dune dimensions are also  calculated  with the Engelund-Fredsee model.
Transport rates,  bed  levels,  resistance numbers and  dune dimensions can  be calculated.
Special Features
The    model    can    be    run    in    one    of    iwo modes.
Explicit mode
•             A      means      of      determining      sed^-. budgets     where     morphological     develop ment     is     not     of     major     significance Requires    output    from    an    HD    simm,. tion      to      calculate      capacity      sedimec transport    rates    and    accumulated    volu
mes   of   deposition   or   erosion.   There   3 
no  feed  back  from the sediment trans port calculations to  the hydrodyu mics.
Morphological mode
•             The      hydrodynamics      and      sediment transport    are    calculated    in    tandem    to simulate feedback mechanisms:
(i)     updating of bed resistance due to bedform development,
(ii)    adjustment of bed levels across the entire or part of the era section.
Solution Technique
The sediment continuity equation is using the four point Preissman difference scheme.
Data Requirements
Module specific data include.
• mode)
• An HD-result file
input         as         for         the (Morphological mode)
-
r
Page 24
MIKE U Short, Sediment characteristics
,  Boundary values of bed  levels or sediment transport rates at all inflow points.
Calibration Factors
Adjustment of sediment size and distribution within  measured  limits can  be used for fine tuning.  The simulated sediment transport rates can  be adjusted using linear correction factors.
i.2 GST - Graded Sediments
Status
An ST add-on module.
Applications
l'«d  to  simulate sediment transport in highly  non-uniform sediments or where bed  shear stresses are close to  the threshold  of movement.  Fraction  sediment tnnsport rates and the variation in time
'-pace of particle size distribution are calculated.
Mathematical Formulation
^*^4 material comprises an active layer a passive layer (see figure 6.1).
6.2 GST - Graded Sediments
Sediment transport takes place in  the active layer.  In  the calculation  of the fraction sediment transport,  the criterion  for the threshold  of movement is modified  to  al low for the non-uniformity  of the material. The total bed  level change and  the new particle size distributions of all layers are determined  by  solving  the sediment con tinuity equation.
Special Features
The module can  be used  with  all five sedi ment transport models.  The module is being  further developed  to  incorporate a multi-layer bed.
Data Requirements
Input  data  include,  for  each  fraction  and layer:
•       An  HD-result  file  (Explicit  mode)  or
input  as  for  the  HD-module  (Morpho logical mode)
• 
Initial and boundary values of percent
age size distributions
•     Mean grain size
•     Bed levels or fraction transport rates. Calibration Factors
As for the ST-moduIes, the module may be verified  against measured  grain  size distributions within the model area.6.2 GST - Graded Sediments
Z“
lam Z»
Z«-
&ZT/7.
i- r.~
Z.~
ft-ri-
>*C»»>VT
Tan. *^e n
"»“« l**« R«|
Cr *<•«*'
T
—«            rwi
Figure 6.1       Active    and passive sedimeni
Page 26
MIKE U7.1 AD ■ Advection-Dispersion
7,1 AD - Advection-Dispersion (including cohesive sediment)
Stains
Requires the HD module.
Applications
Solution Technique
The equations are solved with a fully time- and space-centred implicite finite differen ce scheme at all grid points ensuring that numerical dispersion is minimised. A cor rection term has been introduced in order to  reduce  the  third  order  truncation  error which makes it possible to simulate disper sion/advection   of   concentration   profiles with steep fronts.
Cstdto simulate the advection dispersion conservative and non-conservative mate-
nils. Typical applications comprise studies
of saline intrusion and the behaviour of whesive sediment, when used without the
w»er quality module (ie without degra-
iuion of matter). Modelling non-conser-
•iiivc  materials  (other  than  first  order
•wear decay) requires separate modules for iescription of the biological/ chemical
Wesses.
Formulation
bit module is based on the one-dunensio- wi tquauon of conservation of mass of * drived  or suspended  substance.  Any prober of souxceslsinks can be included. 
Jesses which can be described by a
teaction can also be we presented as concen- f ^ubsiancels) tn a\\ %nd
wbesrie sediment J.Emulated erosion or dtpo-
* 'ment is also presented.
Up   to   50   different   components   can   be modelled at the same time.
Special Features
The module contains a cohesive sediment transport module in which erosion and
deposition are modelled as source'sink terms in the advection-dispersion equation.
Deposition of suspended sediment occurs whenever the mean flow velocity  falls below a  critical value at which particles
fall to the bed and remain without becom ing    resuspended    immediately.    Erosion occurs  whenever  the  mean  flow  velocity exceeds a critical value. The rate of depo sition depends on the hydraulic conditions and on the suspended sediment concentra tion,  whereas  the  rate  of  erosion
only on the hydraulic conditions
Data Requirements
The AD module requires7.2 ACS - Multi-Layer Cohesive
Sediment
• 
HD-result file
• 
Dispersion coefficients
• 
Initial and boundary conditions
and for cohesive sediment:
•      Critical erosion and deposition veloci
ties
•      Fall velocity
•      A factor describing the erodibility of
the bed.
Calibration Factors
The calibration  involves determination  of longitudinal dispersion  coefficients and mixing  across external boundaries (eg  sea or estuary  boundaries).  In  addition,  critical (erosion/deposition) fall velocities and  the erodibility  factor are used  in  calibration when including cohesive sediment.
7.2        ACS - Multi-Layer
Sediment
Status
An AD add-on module.
Applications
Used  to  simulate cohesive sedimen transport and  erosion/deposition  in  systems with  a highly  non-uniform distribution  and composition  of bed  sediment.  Examples are tidal influenced  muddy  estuaries where the river levels may  consist of consolidated mud  while the central deeper parts of the river are composed  of soft fluid  mud  on top of more consolidated mud layers.
Figure 7.1 Multi-layer structure of river bed in advanced cohesive seditnent\^^
model
■
/
Page 28
D.w.h
inMIurp7.3 WQ - Water Quality
(BOD/DO)
Mathematical Formulation
Like    the    standard    AD-module    this    module is     based     on     the     one-dimensional     equation of      conservation      of      mass      of      dissolved material.        Erosion        and        deposition        of sediment     is     described     pseudo-two     dimen sionally    by    defining    a    velocity    and    shear stress distribution across each section
The cohesive bed  layer is modelled  as Aree separate sublayers consisting  of weak fluid  mud,  fluid  mud  and  underconsoli dated  bed,  respectively.  Each  of these layers is associated  with  different time scales.  In  tidal influenced  reaches of a river,  weak  fluid  mud  is the sediment which  is deposited  around  flood  slack  tide aixl is taken  into  suspension  once more as the ebb  flow starts to  pick  up.  In  addition to  computed  sediment concentration  at all grid  points,  the accumulated  erosion/depo- sition  and  mass balance of each  layer,  and mass balance of the total bed  layer are presented.
The module contains the following descrip-
«
The distribution of velocity an s stress across each section 
Settling of cohesive flocs Deposition of material
Sliding of material down the banks Instantaneous and gradual erosion Consolidation, ie the transition of Serial from one layer to the next, including hindered settling
° QiQ Requirements
Pararnelers required to describe the sediment layers include:
ly Short Description
•       HD-result flic
•       Fall velocity
•       Critical stress for deposition
•       Critical concentration
•  Critical erosion parameters for each 
sublayer
•  Consolidation transition rates
• 
Density
• 
Sliding friction factor
Calibration Factors
As for the standard  AD-module.  Additional parameters controlling  the erosion/depo- sition  processes are required; thus a considerable amount of field  data is needed to adequately calibrate this module.
7.3   WQ   -   Water   Quality 
(BOD/DO)
Status
Coupled    with    the    AD    module    and    therefore also requires the HD module.
Applications
Used  for studies of river water quality  in areas influenced  by  human  activities,  eg oxygen  depletion  as a result of organic matter and/or ammonia loadings and ammonia /ammonium levels resulting  from these loadings.  .Ammonia,  in  its non ionised form, is highly toxic to fish and
Page 297.3 WQ - Water Quality
(BOD/DO)
OXYGEN-AFFECTING PROCESSES IN RIVERS
Figure 7.2 Processes affecting oxygen levels
Mathematical Formulation
A    system    of    coupled    differential    equations is      solved.      These      describe      the      physical, chemical    and     biological    interactions    involv ed     in     the     survival     of     bacteria     and     the oxygen    and    ammonia    levels    in    the    aquatic environment     resulting     from     organic     matter and ammonia loadings.
The following determinands are consi dered:
•       Dissolved oxygen (DO)
•       Organic matter (BOD)
•       Ammonia/ammonium (NH4 + /NH3)
•       Nitrate (NO3-)
•      Coliform bacteria
A number of transformation processes and Page 30
interactive      relationships      is      taken      *DM account;
Degradation of organic matter Photosynthetic oxygen production Respiration of animals and plants Exchange of oxygen with the atn>w phere (reaeration)
Exchange    of    suspended    BOD    with' river bed
Oxygen    demand    from    the    bed Nitrification and denitrificationprLlt
SCS
Bacteria decay depending radiation, temperature and * (estuaries)
The processes and concentration 01
.n
oft*
------ --------- A,A~—
MIKE 11 Short Desf'P
**
v
t,D,jr.r«o .. .j'terminands are influenced  by external fictors such  as temperature.  incident solar radiation and discharges.
The module can  be applied  at six different levels.  The relevant level is determined
from  a  consideration  of  the  study  require ments and data availablity.
The  six  model  levels  describe  the  follow ing relationships:
. BOD-DO
. BOD-DO including exchange with 
organic matter from the river bed
•    BOD-DO with nitrification
•    BOD-DO including exchange with 
bed, nitrification and denitrification
•       BOD-DO    including    immediate    and delayed  oxygen  demand  and  exchange with the river bed
•       BOD-DO    including    all    the    above processes
For the most complex  levels,  three types of BOD are considered  (dissolved, suspen ded  and  deposited) in  addition  to  oxygen, ammonia, nitrate and temperature.
Solution Technique
mass    balance    for    the    parameters 'Solved  are  calculated  using  a  4th  order ^unge-Kutta    integrator    in    an    integrated ^'o-step procedure with the AD module.
rj<Ua Requirements
the   AD-module   plus   a   number   of a '-oficl     constants   (varies   according   to   the *^4 model level) including:
7.4    PHOS - Phosphorus Module
Temperature coefficients
Sedimentation rates
•      Resuspension rates
•      Critical velocities for sedimentation
•      Oxygen production rates
•      Respiration rates
•      Sediment oxygen demand
•      Oxygen consumption rates,        eg during nitrification
•      Yield and uptake rates for ammonia
•      Reaction orders, and rate constants for nitrification and denitrification.
Calibration Factors
The calibration  will mainly  concern  the production  and  respiration  of oxygen, BOD-decay  rate,  nitrification  and  deni trification rates and heat influx parameters.
7.4        PHOS - Phosphorus Module
Status
Included in the WQ module.
Applications
This module is applied  in  studies concer ning  the transport of phosphorus in  rivers in  particulate and  dissolved  form.  The module is complementary  to  the nitrogen components included  in  the standard  versi on.
Mathematical Formulation
Phosphorus components are modelled  using the Water Quality  module.  The processes included  are described  below and  illustra ted in Fig. 7.3.
gradation constants
' Shon Ascription
Page 317.4    PHOS - Phosphorus Module
Dissolved Phosphorus Processes
The     processes     influencing     the     concentration of dissolved phosphorus (OP) are:
•       Release of inorganic phosphorus
•       Adsorption of dissolved phosphorus
•       Phosphorus uptake by vegetation
•       Degradation of BOD
Particulate Inorganic Phosphorus
The processes influencing  the concentration of particulate inorganic phosphorus (PP) are:
•       Its deposition and resuspension
•           Release     and     adsorption     of     dissolved phosphorus
Particulate Organic Phosphorus
This is not described  explicitly  as a state variable but is related  to  the concentration of organic material measured  as BOD
which is itself expressed as a function 
the BOD decay rate and the suspension 
deposition of sediment with attached BGft
The total phosphorus concentration is ?1Vtn
as the sum of the dissolved, inorganic
organic particulate phosphorus.
Dola Requirements
As for the AD module and  the WO mna,  i
(oxygen and BOD) plus
modulc
•    adsorption    and    desorption    rates    of inorganic                dissolved/particulate phosphorus
Calibration Factors
As for the WQ module for oxygen  aid BOD plus the adsorption  and  desorptioa rates of inorganic phosphorus to  the particulate form.
Figure 7.3 Principle of the phosphorus add-on module7.5 EU - Eutrophication
Status
,. d with the AD module and therefore
up  cd   rrs  the  HD  module. 
C°
alW requires the nv
Applications
Used  to  investigate pollution  sources (eg domestic and  industrial sewage agnculm- ra ] run-off) with particular emphasis on the process of eutrophication  (nutrient ennch- wnt) and its effects:
•   Nutrient cycling
•     Growth   of   phytoplankton  and  zoo plankton (including nutrient dynamics)
•   Elements of the oxygen balance.
Mathematical Formulation
The module comprises 12 state variables descnbing biotic and abiotic components:
•      Phytoplankton carbon
•      Phytoplankton nitrogen
•  Phytoplankton phosphorus
•      Chlorophyll-a
•      Zooplankton
• 
Detritus (organic) carbon
• 
Detritus nitrogen
• 
Detritus phosphorus
• 
Inorganic nitrogen
• 
Inorganic phosphorus
•      Dissolved oxygen
•      Benthic vegetation carbon
The   dynamics   of   the   primary   production by phytoplankton and the grazing of phyto plankton    by    zooplankton    (the    first    and second  steps  of  (he  basic  food  chain  in  the pelagic  part  of  the  ecosystem)  are  descri bed.  Primary  production  by  benthic  vegeta tion  can  also  be  modelled.  The  elements  of the   carbon   cycle   included   are   shown   in Fig.    7.4.    The    nitrogen    and    phosphorus cycles are parallel to this.
Sediment
3.
Mineralisation
of suspended detritus
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Scdtmenanon of detritus
Mineralisaaon of sediment
Accumulatjon in sediment
Production, benthic vegetation
^&;200p,inkio“
plankton
Figu
Extinction. benthic vegcaoon
Exchange with surrounding * iters
re  The carbon cyclus tn the eutrophication mode,
Page 337.6    HM - Heavy Metal
The pelagic system is described by:
•      The growth of phytoplankton
•         Grazing   of   phytoplankton   by   zooplank ton
•           The     transformation     of     phytoplankton and    grazers    to    dead    organic    material (detritus)
•       Settling of phytoplankton and detritus
•          Release    of    nutrients    from    degradation of    the    organic    matter    in    water    and sediment
•            The      corresponding      oxygen      demand from the degradation of organic matter
The growth  of phytoplankton  depends on light conditions,  water temperature and nutrient concentrations (nutrient limited growth).  Seasonal and  spatial variations of the above variables are described.  They are dependent on: water exchange,  influx of light,  water temperature,  nutrient load ings and  conditions in  the surrounding areas (boundary conditions).
12     first     order     differential     equations     de scribing    the    above    processes    and    a    para meterization     of     the     transport     process     are coupled and solved simultaneously.
Solution Technique
The mass balance for the variables invol ved  is calculated  for all grid  points at all time steps using  the fourth  order Runge- Kutta method  in  an  integrated  two-step procedure with the AD-module.
Data Requirements
As for the AD-module plus a number of model constants specific to  the EU module:
Page 34
•      Growth rates of plankton and v,o
tion 
•      Grazing rates
•      Nutrient uptake rates
•      Settling rates of organic material
•  Mineralization rates of organic matter
•      Oxygen production and consumptim rates
•      Nutrient release rates
•      Temperature coefficients
s etJ-
along   with   boundary   and   initial   conditions for all 12 state variables.
Although  many  model parameters are required  for the EU module,  default values are provided  and  only  a limited  number needs to  be adjusted  during  calibration  of the model.
Calibration Factors
A number of rates also mentioned above i> adjusted in the calibration process. '• majority of these parameters can be t^e
for the considered ecosystem-
decreases the number of parameters o varied.
7.6        HM - Heavy Metal
Status
Coupled   with   the   AD   module   and also requires the HD module.
Applications
Used in investigations of heav>
<?!•
-------------------- - Desc
riP"'
MIKE 11 Short
•intt •'.'.lrA', A* r.\! l f •[)«'
v
'Vn '•■/Gr+ti'ix.icion (industrial or urban) and dispersion cfba'yrneal due 10 iu rebase from pol-
Mtd scdunents.
yathtmatical Formulation
to interaction between metals and parti cles, both in the water phase and at the W. ire simulated using a kinetic descrip- coo of the adsorption/desorption processes.
Heavy   metals   exist   either   dissolved   in   the water    or    attached    to    suspended    matter    in the     aquatic     environment.     The     extent     to which   a   heavy   metal   is   bound   to   suspended matter    differs    from    metal    to    metal    and depends   also   on   the   nature   of   the   particu lates.    Adsorption    of    heavy    metals    on    to suspended     matter     leads     to     their     removal from   the   water   column   due   to   the   deposi tion   of   the   suspended   material,   but   trans fers   the   problem   to   the   bed   sediments   (see Fig. 7.5).
figure 7.5
metals in the aquatic environment
b etWMo
S,?®the no^ ,
®e wX m1" of (he «*’
1
COKentratio" of
blest
S BP<’n
of h
eaw’
Dissolved metal in the water
%
to 
? metal from to
"tor.
is resuspen
Adsorbed metal in the water
Suspended sediment
Dissolved metal in the porewater or
the bed 
Metal adsorbed on sediment in the e ,
^^'oooipnse
. 
sA
s  6 state varia-
Sediment layer thickness7.6    HM - Heavy Metal
The    mechanisms    governing    the    transport    of heavy metals (shown in Fig. 7.6) include:
•      Adsorption/desorption of metal
•         Settling   and   resuspension   of   particulate metal
•          Diffusive    transport    of    dissolved    metal at the sediment/water interface
The concentrations due to  advection/disper- sion  and  the metal specific processes both in  the water phase and  in  the bed  are cal culated.
The adsorption  and  desorption  is dependent on  the pH,  redox  potential and  temperature of the water.  These dependencies are specific for each  metal and  in  some cases also  site specific.  They  can  be included  in the model by User Defined functions.
Solution Technique
The mass balance for the parameters involved  is calculated  for all grid  points at all time steps using  the fourth  order Runge-Kutta integrator in  an  integrated two-step procedure with the AD-module.
Data Requirements
Data required, in addition to the reo • ments of the AD-module. include then lowing:
o1 '
•  Initial and  boundary  concentrations of
dissolved    and    adsorbed    metal    in    the
water  and  at  the  bed, 
and  the
suspend, 
ed particulates in the water
• 
Initial sediment layer thickness
Model parameters include:
•  The heavy  metal specific adsorption 
and    desorption    rates
for
the
water
phase and for the bed
• 
Bed sediment characteristics
• 
Settling and resuspension rates
• 
Parameters  for  the  User  D
efined
func
tions   (pH,   redox   potential
and 
tempe
rature dependency functions).
Calibration Factors
Adsorption and desorption constants in the bed sediment and in the water phase, an the settling and resuspension rates.
. Sedmantadon / rwpmfcn d ■bated mate
DVusfva vwtear ot dxaotvad mate
Figure 7.6 Mechanisms governing the transport of heavy metalsg QUASI
STEADY STATE
5
I QSS - Qua * Steady State
Status
A  HD   add-on   module   which   facilitates long  period  simulations  or  can  be  used with  the  AD.  ST.  WQ,  EU.  PHOS,  HM add-on modules.
Applications
Used for the simulation of long-term phe nomena. eg morphological changes, oxygen conditions, retention of nutrients or seasonal variation in eutrophic conditions.
Mathematical Formulation
All computations  are based on the mathematical formulations and facilities as specified under the corresponding main modules. Unsteady  terms  are either suppressed or fully  neglected. The output from the module is  identical to the result format using the full dynamic models.
So,u^ Technique
nested iteration procedure is used to steady state version of the Saint
CI W equations for each set (timestep) of Ou ndary conditions. An overall iteration
dishT^ 10 obu'n toe correct discharge rfoution in the system (if there are bi
furcations); a backwater iteration calculates the water level difference between
neighbouring points.
Morphology
When running in the morphological mode (coupled hydrodynamic  and sediment transport solution, see ST-module) the HD- module is  substituted by  the steady  state hydraulic solution presented above.
Advection Dispersion and
Biological / Chemical processes
A  stable  and  numerically  correct  solution to    the    Advection    Dispersion    equations impose  a  limitation  on  the  computational timestep.    This    restriction    is    eased    by gradually   suppressing   or   neglecting   the storage term. A Courant dependent transfer function  is  implemented  in  order  to  ensure a smooth transition between a full dynamic solution and the steady state solution.
The solution to the coupled differential equations  describing the biological and chemical processes  is  for large time steps, say  12 or 24 hours, obtained by  either ignoring or averaging daily  variations  (eg differences  in day/night dissolved oxygen levels due to differences in the correspond ing production/respiration terms).
To ensure a consistent mass  balance in both the formulation for advection disper sion and the formulations  for biological and chemical processes  respectively, the two sets  of equations  are solved iteratively at each timestep until agreement is obtain-
U Sh --------------------- Short Description
Page 37Special Features
As the calculations are based on steady state conditions there is no upper limit to  the  computational  time  step.  Thus long-term simulations take only a frac tion of the computational time required by the fully dynamic solution.
When running the advection/dispersion model the computations  automatically shift between a dynamic  or steady state solution dependent on the local flow conditions.
Data Requirements
Data requirements are basically as for corresponding main modules (HD, ad ST, WQ, PHOS. HM. and EU modules).
In addition a number of convergence pata. meters (controlling the iterative procedures as mentioned above) is given as input
Calibration Factors
As for the corresponding main modules.
IList of Installations
list of installations (as at March 1994)
ARGENTINA
Estudia de Ingenieria Hidraulica S.A., Buenos Aires
AUSTRALIA
ATC Electricity and Water
Beach Protection Auth., North Quay Brisbane City Council
Connell Wagner Pty Ltd
Dept. Environment & Heritage (Qld) Dept. Waler Resources (NSW)
Gutteridge Haskins & Davey Pry Ltd Hydrotech Research Pty Ltd, Sydney, Melb. John Wilson & Panners Pty Ltd
Kinhill/Cameron McNamara Pty Ltd Max Winders and Associates Pty Ltd Melbourne Water (VIC)
Murray-Darling Basin Commission Public Works Department (NSW) Rural Water Corporation (VIC) Sinclair Knight &. Panners Pty Ltd Smwv Mountains Eng. Corp. (NSW) Sydney Water Board
Willing ad Partners Pty Ltd
9 MIKE 11 -
Bangladesh
Water Development Board sources Plan Organization. Dhaka
BE LGltM
V 'je Univcnity. Brussels
C *N’ADa
Sh” lmenel
Ontario
^ontn»-»i
■     CdJ
F Burd 4
: States Ud.. Ontario
CROATIA
Hrvatska Elcktroprivreda, Zagreb
Institut Electro, Zagreb
PRONING. Zagreb
CZECH REPUBLIC
Cesky   Hydrometeoroligicky   Inst..   Prague Hydroinfonn Prague
Labe Water Board, Hradec Kralove Ohre Water Board. Chomutov 
Moravy Water Board. Brno
Technical University of Prague VUV (Water Research Inst.), Prague Vltavy Water Board, Prague
DANISH COUNTIES
Frederiksborg Amt
Fyns Amt
Kabenhavns Amt
NordjyHands Amt
Ribe Amt
Roskilde .Amt
Storstrems Amt
Senderjyllands .Amt
VestsjatHands Amt
Viborg Amt
Arhus Amt
FRANCE
BDPA-Scetagri S.A.. Pans
Cabinet d’Etudes Ruby, Ceric 
Cabinet Merlin, Versailles
1’Ecole NationaJe Supcrieure d’Hydraulique et de Mecanique de Grenoble
IEA. Clermont Ferrand
Lab. Central des ponts ct Chaussee.(LLPC), Bouguenais
Lyonnaise des Eaux, Le Pecq, Dumez SAFEGE. Nanterre1
For further information on MIKE 1 • please contact your agent or the River Hydraulics Division at:
Danish Hydraulic Institute
Agem Alle 5
DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark Tel.:  +45  45  76  95  55 Fax.:  +45  45  76  25  67 Tlx.: 37 402 dhicph dk
‘*0t>lfeG6/MIKEIlSD/h$h
nwtot Damih Hydrauk mjuu!e*
4
I
I____ 5
Danish Hydraulic Institute
Agem Alle 5. DK-29^0 Henholrr. Orrr.i'k Telephone US 45 76 95 S5
Telefax US 45 76 25 67
Telex. 37 402 tfr.Kph d<
wus
Water Use Simulation
in River Basin Planning
A Short DescriptionI *-1 -
abstract
The model is  structured as  a network  model, encompassing a representation of the river and its  main tributaries, the hydrology  of the basin in space and time and all major schemes  and their various use of water within the entire basin.
The model has  been extensively  applied in both studies  to investigate the potential of indivi dual schemes  and assess  the compatibility  of selected combinations  of development options y *ell as their overall impact on downstream river flows.
^troduction
of ten evj„, vonstraints. Due to the multitude of water resources developmen
conflicts overH—-
--
------------
0Ver the utilization of a particular source between individual schetcr dependency between water, soil and land-use, water master planrung is
water developments within a basin thus requires that conclusions ori-
The planning for iu^._
pnating  from  the  study  of  individual  aspects  are  gathered work capable of undertaking an integrated analysis A
centered around a basin wide representation of the u, M offers to a certain extent such a framework.
br °Ught l^er in
siTnul^on
^5Cs of
W poteo^ "**'■
v —-    - -
irrigated   agriculture,   flood   protection,   development   of   hydro-electric   poweT,   dome stic and industrial water supplies and reducing environmental damage.
With the purpose of assisting in the medium and long-term planning for the basins, a general Water Use Simulation (WUS) model has  been developed. The model has  deliberately  been kept as  simple as  possible, yet flexible enough to represent the complex  network  of rivers, sub-basin transfers, reservoirs  and large irrigation schemes  which eventually  may  characterize the mam water related activities  in a basin. In the following a brief outline of the model and its application are given.
2  DESCRIPTION OF WUS
existin^ ra^°n
we ll as potential maior
rivers and streams, the hydrology of the basin in space ;rhpmpc and rh^ir variniK 11C£& of water.
c Cria^ ”,ulvid a]
U      Slr
ui orancnes ana noaes (see ng. *-------------------------------
* aIet activin. ^tions while the nodes represent confluences or locations where °« "»y occur..3-
’.15*     ’*
r
u ri for
l. eSt^^S^C^
Pen^WUS «-*»'*«
^^oa^hasisofa^^^shn^
ta tepitral io define the config"” f rach b”“c ,
■’* 7w*»
.    9 Beside
'
^consists of ume senes of ««>«
Oetiselty transposition of histoneal nm
•* « wophate. Wther
(.capacity curve, hydropo^
data pertinent to each irng^do \ ^^Wonused to assess the return ft°wS-
^or the
*** i-****t
; “”S°CS
° -’O^
c
d
“ ^ns, of^
8n
io
\
erhetne such 35 f>
M
\/ J/of  irrigation  schemes,  sub-basin  transfers  and  reservoirs Aol »n»«d»‘a certain in   cO(TlbinanO"   tes     the   performance   of   the   overall   system   on   a   half
has been
"   ted   modCl     S1™U     c     water   quantity   mass   balance   approach   in   every   branch
monthly t^imbaesibsbay^sis    3         .
node.
in the uopstpermnveor st river •
actions      the      model      moves      downstream      in      the
- ?°nS model m
Starting    *    ““    “PP'"3    nm-off    and    irrigation    return    flows    drainmg    into    each
» ,e«onting f« tM “
**“* „>l as die quantities
branch as well as 
being abstracted, stored or released at any node.
''
'
. °Ves
I
. Simulated time senes of runoff
• Performance of reservoirs and imgaticn
schemes
‘ '&■ - Outline of WUS.
“■s ^^icnted * p*
T<l<3cl to accou t
° Vera^ WUS model includes two sub-models, i.e. a reservoir
■ lood c°ntrol or l
e  ect5 0   era
^      P   dng storage reservoirs for irrigation, hydropower.
Worman^ A°W au8rnentation purposes and an irrigation sub-model for simulating effects of irrigation schemes. P\oPEBA-noN OF wvs
3.
the   user   friendliness   of   operating   the   model,   WUS   and   its   ancillary In     order   t0    enhanCC    embcdded   in   a   menu   driven   system.   The   system   acts   as   an   interface
pfOg
rams h*ve
model, streamlining the input and output from the model,
^twcen the user an
oiinu/s the user to undertake any of the following tasks:
■fl# menu system allows
Define scenario
Run WUS
Compare simulations
The first option enables  the user to define a particular combination of sub-basin transfen, irrigation schemes, weirs  and reservoirs  to be examined. The second option carries  out the actual simulation for the defined scenario and generates summary as well as detailed output.
The main output summarizes  the main merits  of the water activities  included in the scenario, comprising the amounts  of water transferred from one sub-basin to another, the occurrence of possible irrigation deficits  and the overall performance of the reservoirs  including the hdro-electnc energy being generated.
of results 
’ll r>od«,«,
aJJ n
°des as well
° UtpUt *S Provided which the user may consult for in-depth analysis 5 Ulcludes simulated monthly flows over the entire simulation period at
Eluded ir — 
in    the    C      mean      tbe      one      ^ve      years    low    monthly    flows.    For    each    reservoir
^nnance
ice    may    be    ,a^°n’    detailed    half-monthly    information    on    its    current    state    and
or Operation rule is hei
particularly useful when an adequate size of the dam
^
emes
.    the    time    series8      detCnTlincd      to      meet      particular    demands.    Finally,    for    all    irrigation
'’’P’ct
f
Oa
f computed return flows are provided which may be useful when scheme on downstream flow is being analysed,
menu
" ifferent°n t^8®ers the ex 10 USCr *S tO comPare results fr°m two different runs,
^^t ofSCenar’os. This r Ud°n a Program which compares the simulated flows in two
**>
w ater dev ^rHm ^las been *ncluded mainly to facilitate the assessment of the
o   Pnient SC^emes on d°wnstream flows, which may be undertaken the result fr °
m a particular scenario against the flow simulated ynder the nil-
5s ^
/r-■--.-
-6-
a item '
at ve
«  xam
wayt0
e
However, comparison between any aJternati their relative merits.
inc
VCS may be man. A
applications
in connection with the Musi and Tulang Bawang River Basin Studies, WUS ha he m assist in the preparation of the Master Plan for both basins Due to the $
1
of the basin (50,000 and 10,000 kmJ respectively) and the substantial nuX^ ' schemes (e.g. 7 dams and 25 large irrigation schemes in the Musi basin)
to be particularly useful in these studies.
In both basins, a comprehensive study of the available rainfall, climate and n.„ rr taed te basis for «ublishing d.e necessary hydrological daB requlral by "
quendy, information on land status, soil suitability, agriculture potential dam sites and other engineering aspects was gathered and J files characterizing potential development schemes 
' was ^Ound
‘° CStabl,Sh
Throughout both studies, WUS has been extensively applied. In particular, WUS served as a means to
Optimize preirminar, derngn of individnaf
imgaied area. cropping pane™ and schednie io me avertable waier
Determine optimum size and operating rules for storage use for irrigation purposes, hydropower generation and
Provide an overall assessment of selected development see basin transfers, interdependency between individual sche impact on downstream flows.
mnsidenng their arios considering sub-
combined Nvconclusions
s.
... Of io simplicity. lhe de',elOped Ws modd p™»« to be a »„ ,
* can pro** 1,
“ i“n“ for
In particular this is ascribed to its prov,uon „f ,
»>• 'ong-term m “
“'«tai»
Ltnudo" regarding river flows, sod condittons, cropping pa„erns.
^ntial develnpoten. schemes can be brought together and analysed M ,„tegraie<) ““
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In theTulang Ba wan g River Basin Study, DHI formed part of an association between British and Danish consulting companies led by Binnie & Partners (UK)
[n the Musi River Basin Study, DHI acted a consortium led by BCEOM (France).
as a sub-consultant to Kampsax (DK), partner in
Both studies were undertaken for the Ministry of Public Works, Directorate General of Water Resources Development, Indonesia and funded by the European Economic Community.
*f Project
HYDROLOGICAL model for WATrn PLANNING IN AARHUS COUNTY (1988
Denmark
Transfer of SHE to clients’ microcomputers and rr,- • connection with model setup and calibration n‘ng Of locaJ staff jn The County of Aarhus, Denmark
*
T’P* o
Client
pfGIQNAL MODEL
TOT
A ~A CROSS-SECTION
local model
^nption
Th
e purpose of the project was to develop, set up and calibrate a hydro- ogical modelling system for application in water resources planning. By 
app ying the system to a larger catchment, it was able to estimate the amount of water available for abstraction, including evaluation of the consequences for the surface water. Finally, the model was able to cal- cu ate transport and dispersion of contaminants from land fills and che mical deposits.
The hydrological modelling system SHE was chosen o
[ gical
hydrD O
model is suited for detailed description ot water flow wi catchment, SHE is a distributed, physically based syste into submodels for overland flow, unsaturated an. solute  transport  calculations  are  earned  out  in  a flow input from SHE.
fl(jw
model with
The model With a 50n WaS
00 a regi°nai scale covering an area of 730 km-
df»co^i_-_ r 01 2nd system. The saturated zone is divided into five layers 
describing
to -
aim JtlUllUdlY ALJU
,y
r  ieable aquitards. Local models with
> a primary and secondary aquifer separated by three low- i a typical size of 5 x 5 km and a
8nd size of 20 - 40
q 40 m can be extracted for detailed simulations of so ute
tr anspon.
Jjjp2grai>ed areas.
Tirunveli and Kattabomman districts, Tamil Nadu, India Advisory consultancy on hydrogeology and hydrology
Danish International Development Agency
M
The main problems in the project areas are wind erosion and low rainfall. The project objectives are to:
•   prevent further erosion
•   develop a sustainable and cost-efficient utilisation of culuva e
.d
and marginal agricultural areas 
•   create long-term employment opportunities for farmers an agricultural workers
DFU’s work included review and analyses of the hy r0 -i^^ty of hydrogeology in the project areas. More specifically, e uends groundwater and surface water resources and their %ana were assessed and the adequacy of the available water re watering existing and new shelterbelts and for agncu evaluated. Finally, recommendations on the most ei ic resources were given.
landless
was waterSOUTHWEST AREA WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT STUDY (1991-93)
tipt
»' Pr”’e,:,
Cliff'
Regional planning study for water resources develops,
william Halcrow and Partners Ltd. for the Government RnSgency: Asian Devetopmen. B»k
’•
of Bangladesh.
Flows (m /s)
5
0
PROJECT
LOCATION
BANGLADESH
BAY OF BENGAL
Option
The study dealt with the reparation of a comprehensive land and waler resources development plan for the 40,400 km2 delta area and included evaluation of justifiable development options and priority projects.
DHI has been responsible for the evaluation of the navigational aspects of planned development options and for the hydrological and hydraulic modelling investigations improving the understanding of the regions very complex water resources situation and estimation of possible impacts ot various development options and interventions.
The modelling activities included:                                                               . long-term hydrological and hydrodynamic simulation of flows 311 ua levels for the establishment of design criteria
simulation of salinity conditions in the Bay of Bengal and ,r‘v 
intrusion into estuaries 
simulation of historic floods and effects of possible P measures 
prediction of changes in river flow and salinity characteristics 
nmtection |
. . .c 0
natural changes or human interventions            ~              J channel siltation and polder drainage                sM            I) i i s.
Y■ZAMBEZI RIVER SYSTEM ACTION
Zambezi river basin, southern Africa
Appraisal mission
Norwegian Agency for Development Co-operation
Clien'
(NORAD)
^option
The Zambezi river drains an area of 1.6 million kmJ in eight countries: Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Malawi and Mozambique. These contries cooperate through SADCC-ELMS on the development of the Zambezi River System Action Plan (ZACPLAN). Its main objectives are to encourage integrated river basin planning and management in the Zambezi basin, comprising environmental problems and their impacts.
The main purpose of the Mission was to appraise our qplaN
under ZACPLAN and to propose a gradual start-up ot
cooperation between ELMS and the Nordic countries.
The Mission suggested that the cooperation should conce management pan of the ZACPLAN, ie ZACPRO 6, which deals «U> «*
and environmental planning and the components o establishment of basin-wide database
sector studies
development of simulation models effects of development scenarios draft water management plan ' ' /
>]' y i
/'1PLAN NATIONAL DE L’EAU (1992-95)
Technical assistance project to develop a national Wat resources development of the river basins 
mas,er for water
joint v^'^ gitt
any and dHI tor the Ministry of Equipment. Financing Agency. EEC
between Beture-Setame, France, Carl Bro Haiste, DenmukAJK, Saiz-
^option
As a basis for the future development of Algeria’s scarce water resources, a master plan is prepared in cooperation with the responsible Algerian institutions
The plan will include an assessment of the potential water resources in the river basms and their integrated development to provide water needed for water supply, agricultural and industrial development. Due to the complementary or competing nature of the various water development options, an integrated nation-wide approach, including interbasin transfers, is adopted to ensure a balanced use of existing resources.
pie major component of the project is institutional building of to institutions involved through training and transfer of know-how and relevant software.
DHI is responsible for the hydrological investigations comprising-
support to establish a suitable country-wide hydrologic^ database
transfer and set-up of mathematical models for the ass mDJCtsOf propose waxer surface water resources and for the simulation o e t
use development scenarios (NAM and WUS models soil and water conservation in river basinsL>°n
T,K»,PrOjK' Client
TTJLANG BA WANG IRRIGATION STUDY pjpONESlA (1992-93)
Southern Sumatra
Application of MIKE 11 to feasibility/prefeasibility  studio r
development projects 
Binnie & Partners, UK. for the Directorate General of Development, Ministry of Works 
” Ior *ater
o esources
The present project, which is financed by the EEC, is a continuation of
the water master plan prepared in the Tulang Bawang River Basin study involving detailed feasibility studies for three large irrigation schemes, ie Way Abung, Way Pedada and Way Saka/Bahuga, and prefeasibility studies for forty quick yielding schemes.
As an extension to the hydrological assessments and
• ta>ot^T nse simulation
carried out in the previous study, DHI is responsible . hydro- application of the MIKE 11 modelling system for hydro log
dynamic and morphological modelling of the lower p n^ing and Bawang basin. Rainfall in the mountainous regions cau_easurts The hence necessitates the introduction of flood ProlecU°" mcans of sediment morphological impact of the schemes will be asses y area,
transport modelling of the tidally influenced channe s i
programmes is As a prerequisite for the modelling, a number °^ribing channel
c
being   carried   out   to   obtain   the   necessary   ^incnt    transpori   an
plain topography, river flows, water leve s,WATER ACTION PLAN, UGANDA (1993-94)
study for the development and management of Uganda’s National planning
water resources
VKI for the Government of Uganda. Financing agency. Danida
The project was among the first water resources planning projects initiated after the UNCED Conference in Rio de Janeiro 1992. Hence, one of e main objectives was to set up a framework in which the new gui g principles for water resources management can be practised.
The action plan provided the Ugandan authorities with a set of
for water resources developments, coordinated with local deman , in national agreements and the environment.
DHI has been responsible for:
assessment fT 355655016,115 on a local, national and international scale
review of th°
impact on water resources
^sequence.6 fUtflow from ^akc Victoria and assessments of the regulation stra or.^ydroP° er production of agreed and alternative
w
monitorinogf
unng network 
for rehabilitation of the national water resources
wJA tvr action plan for the upper ^POK BASIN, VIETNAM (1993-94)
.                   Provincial planning study for the development and m
T<pe
of l™*
resources tn the Srepok tributary to the Mekong River "k*1 °f lhc Cowi-kriiger Consult for the Government of Vietnam t-
Client
Danida
Vlctnant hnancing agency:
The project dealt with general water resoures planning and management
based on a holistic approach in accordance with new principes or
management laid out at the UNCED Conference in Rio e anew
DHI  has  been  responsible  for  the  assessment  of  water  resources  a  ty and potential for developments.
The activities included:
general water resources assessment
review of water consumption
simulation of the present water use situation an
nn«ible development
scenarios   for   the   basin   as   a   whole,   as   well   asm   ^owledge   of setup of a field measurement programme, en an
the water resources of the Srepok BasinAgricultural and Veterinary Research Council
&£ and the Danish
'I
r
In cooperation with researchers from Norway, Denmark, UK, rm^‘ Belgium, France, Spain, Italy, Greece and Austria, a soil erosion e meant to describe soil erosion on agricultural lands in Europe is mg and tested.
In addition to the modelling work and process researc , J*? and daU group collects data to be used as guide values tor the m
for model validation.
The model (EUROSEM) operates on data from J* Kineros, but will during 1993 be connected to
combined Brook),
model will be tested on data from a Danish
Preliminary runs with an earlier erosion model S describes the carried out. Furthermore, a prototype rill mode , *
jjready beer.
development of a rill over time, has been developed. The work is expected to be finalised by the end of 199L^,iOn
Hydrological studies and hydraulic design of drainage  r
st uctures
and culverts)
TfP®
Governments of Somalia and Djibouti on behalf of Carl 8r   /S, Denmark.
0A
Clie'1’
I
Final  design  of  the  road  from  Djibouti  to  Berbers  along  the  coast  of  the  Gulf of  D”60'   water    From  the  northwest  region  of  Somalia  and  the  eastern  part °  jibouti  is  draining  through  wadis  towards  the  Gulf  of  Aden  and  is  crossing the planned road.
DHI wa*
dr*i« resPonsible for the hydrological and hydraulic  design of the required
damage structures
on 150 km of the road from Djibouti to Lughaia.
and box'b6/16^ reconnaissance, 28 sites for major drainage structures (bridges numKpr Verts^ were identified on this road section in addition to a large
Of minor structures.
the wadis° °9ical studY included prediction of maximum flood discharges in 
model (sre\ r°3d crossings by means of a hydrological flood prediction 
s, ons of 2 3Se<i upon the computed design discharges, the requir ,m*
.
p ina||y               dra»nage structure were calculated by means of hydraulic me
* th* require scour protection at drainage structures were evaluated.I
1
IBAWANG RIVER basin STUDY (19M-89)
tulanc
South®*'1’ 5“" '
a ra ' ln<,°neSia
LX"
TfP®
Cli^‘
, inncrterm water resources development of the M «..r plan study °r '
basin
f
fj K for the Directorate General of Water Resources Binnie & ^"uVnis’try'of Public Works. Financing agency: EEC Development, m
T 3*L %**•■»*
J»CL AMitlO
r
Description
As  a  basis  for  the  future  development  of  the  basin  s^»'er   reS master plan at pre-feaslbility level has been prepared.
The   study   comprised   assessment   of  the  poten  la  *
cu ar
|     reference  to:
resources   and   their   integrated   development   wi   P   r0Q0Wer,   domestic 
Development of irrigable land, reclamation are . y 
and industrial water supplies and reducing damage flooding and poor drainage.
Due to the complementary or competing nature o development options an integrated basin-wide appr ensure optimum use of the existing resources.
DHI was responsible for all hydrological investigations 
er0sion,
yariouS water
adopted to omorising:
of
•       Review   of   existing   hydrological   network,   includingI   **   on    network operational procedures, data quality and recomm
augmentation
•     General hydrological analysis to assess the spa ability.safc
. . an<j temporal varia
bility of water resources characteristics: Water
ut
j j-purpose rese
yields, design floods, sediment loads and yie s o voirs 
•    Development and application of a water use
,         . model compn* Th j$ model Pr0
ing all sources and water uses within the entire .|jty of prop *
0
vided the basis for evaluating the combined feas  f
o
development scenarios leading to the identi ica y development plan.
,YGf-1 • 'f ■ C •basin study
Master P>an 5
ti|d for long-term water resources development n( -PQM (France) and K ampsax (Denmark) for Directorate
Clie°*
Joint venture ^rBResources Development, Ministry of Public Works,
General of
^°aS a^ncy: EEC___________________________________________
I
Description
The   main   objective   is   to   prepare   a   master   p   J*   000    km     Musi
for the development of the water resources o
River Basin in southern Sumatra. The master p
the authorities in adopting the best policies, se e
priate strategy and implementing an optimum prog
and   short-term   integrated   development   of   Ian   an due consideration to possible adverse environmen a
intended to assist moSt appro-
the |ong resources with
A
.         -    ♦        •           c           nHl's     responsibilities  include:
As part of the hydrological investigations, oh Establishment of computerised data base for releva within the river basin
Application of rainfall-runoff modelling tec mq ungauged  or  sparsely  gauged  catchment  as  asi water availability and safe yields 
Development and application of a water use simu' a i"9 all sources and water uses witbin the basin. The ”
h^
r0 0
| gical data
propcs
to obtain data from estimation o
model compr,s | wj|| pr°v’^
ed develor
the basis for evaluation of the combined feasi f
t mu
;   m develop
rnent scenarios leading to the identification o Pian
s et-up and application of MIKE 11 to
water intrusion in the downstream region o
ding risk* and
^Mus'i piver
yj
y,nventory of SOIL ano water conservaoon IN ETHIOPIA (1989/
L ^ tion
Ethiopia
Study/review of projects World Bank
Deicription
The    study    included    a    review    of    available    results    c0^[f07projTcts. going project evaluations and assessments of soi
The following issues were discussed:
i
•    The adequacy of resource capacity and of the programmi g for major conservation projects 
•    Major problems and lessons learned from implementat and water conservation projects 
•     Promising technologies in natural resource conservatio
soj |
manage-
•    Successful approaches to participation of farmers °^a
water
con-
planning, implementation and maintenance of soi servation measures 
•    Experience with and feasibility of incentives in labour to implement soil conservation and manag
•    Implications for future conservation projects 
kin d for
act jyjties
.
HSURFACE WATER ASSESSMENT, SWAZILAND (1989)
Assessment of dependable surface water resources in Swaziland
Ministry  of  Natural  Resources  and  Energy.  Swaziland,  on  behalf  of Carl Bro International A/S
LAND
LEGEND:
' “        - RIVER
— — — — state boundary
• RIVER GAUGING STATION
4 dam with RESERVOIR
■ CAPITAL
I               1 CATCHMENT area
Ascription                      The objective of the study has been to assess the depends e; yie the rivers in Swaziland at 10 gauging stations considering i er^n release policies from the reservoirs located upstream of some o gauging stations in the Republic of South Africa.
The assessments made in the study have been based either
-- 1- ■ *•
--- biiv. Jkuwy Iiwvb.
— — ——■ —     , -
recorded flow series directly or on flow series as obtained by raintai
runoff and reservoir simulations.
...... V4
I
ISURFACE WATER SIMULATION MODEil ik>
PROGRAMME. PHASE II (I989_9 )
3
Type Of Project
Model transfer, training and supervision of fi m model applications 
,el<J Programme and
financing agency:                         Water Modelling Centre (SWMC). Master
Cl*‘
Piann.ng O;g
tmolementing  9
an, Z
a   er
r  of °overnment of Bangladesh
' 
an d Flood Contro
(MP0). Ministry of Irrigation, Water Development
World SanT.Tcom^financed by UNDP and executed by the
capabilities in turface^at^m^
e  ,n
af the South Ea<t Km • mo^ ^  9 and developing a regional model
purpose "developing local
le country.
f^ther reqionaf
region and a General Model (CM) covering the who- * S *° rna’nta'n existing models and to develop
strate the usabil’T r SJ° response to the countrywide need to demon
end to extend th* T ° mo^e*s ln planning, design and flood forecasting
in addition to hvd capacity and capability in mathematical modelling.
a nd water quality^TK^^p110 mode,,ing* pbase H also includes morphological
^*he developed studies. amonarnfh^e,S
applied in various ongoing and commencing
an d the Flood a°* G S
f
Coastal Embankment Rehabilitation Project
for ecastinq svst 00 Han (FAP)- The GM form the core in a flood
wirr be ooerat-              Wh,ch runs on trial basis during the 1990 monsoon and f   perational from 1991.
bent unkind?*?? the P  J
ro
ec t SWMC has been established as an indepen-
attached to th2 the MPo* 50 <ocal and 3 DHI engineers are permanently f ° shorter or proiect* Besides, several short-tenm, experts are working
r
°nger periods on the project. yr12.61
It7777}      \
4t
I
p.
M I & f\
B 1 B ,(T\J V</j|
r r           y* 1 MT •- I I
J\/l
Ua < 1
>i]F\ 1
Swedish Centre for Coastal Development and Management of Aquatic Resources
A unit within the National Board of Fisheries
'      ■   .iXWED.MAK. .1 unit within the National Board of Fisheries, has had   . 
v
international development co-operation Its projects ami to improve the <U expCriiii( developing countries to enhance and manage their seas, inland waters 3 V’ * *’ the < n The Swedish International Development Authority (SIDA) is the princifyd * •C<>aMal arias
11
SU EDMAR has contacts with an extensive network of governmental inci°,UraCtor mental agencies, universities, consulting firms and private experts. We can uOn^OVcrn- senices within many aquatic anil coastal related disciplines. The emphasis 1Crc^°rt‘ offer
long-term strengthening of institutions. 
5\\ ED.MAR plans, implements, follows up anil evaluates development within
1  ^acc^°nthc
" <>rk specially
• coastal development
• coastal planning
• marine and freshwater
environment
•  management of resources
•  fisheries
development
•  aquaculture
• research, training. a
and information
Coastal development
Coastal planning
There is a requirement for
To promote sustainable de
appraising the development
velopment in coastal areas,
potential of coastal areas in a
i.r improve living condition* 
r
r
broad and integrated man ner. This need is particularly rrle\*ant in the tropical and subtropical countries bc-
: cause of their rapid popula tion growth in combination with difficult social and eco nomic conditions and degra dation of important marine resources.
In recent years, SWED- MAR *s projects have become more muliidiseiplinar> and 
r
involve various coastal activities including fisheries. In addition to pure economic and technical problems. SWED.MAR deals with social, cultural, ecological and institutional aspects of the development of the coastal zone.
SWEDMAR brings together, coordinates
and adapts the broad 
competence needed to achieve
susiainabl
and still maintain a sound use of both terresfrul and marine resources. integrated coastal planning and a united policy for the use of ibe re sources arc required.
SWEP.MAR implements planning procedures for coastal development and tlx managementrcs‘,uf'*L
We perform coastal sun 
and develop systems for         ** sector coordination Md 
integrated 
On behalf ol SIDA■
ileU- _ monitor 'ntt'rnJ''L.‘,4ic in lopment and pa nlt.ni
the Swedish de I |lf|J cooperation
P vl. 3Lm>
co.lsi.i1 development.j frcsh^^fc-’r
n>nnK r»> 'n«» their
, (llI
-.tin r> ••«■ suhicc' 'I ' crc 
,
J n<l
^^.’r^llufixn. ..vcrlhhing ukI
,bh "1g mc,hnd' ‘'w
i; .,nvfrnKl K..veec<>s»rems
i
l
j„f biol.igic.il ihvcniiy jn<l in> *?<> j.-ul ^dimcntjiinn pmhlrms.
Ljujn h-‘“'
cons< qu< n
tt ->/(»tr-nDia^tnAK nukes surveys of the
rn nn»nnient and resources and
^ jliiitivns of ^nous impacts \\ c ivhM m mtcmation.il F.\( > courses in nunne tmirunmenul control and
* jrc jN) participating in IMO* global (Junnc programme We nioniror
xwa1i*h Nippon to environmental jndiuturdl resources programmes ir.diiHc advice to s||)A
fisheries development
Aquaculture
Ou* demand for fish and fob proton inc reuses with the enlarging world population At rhe umr time < at. ho are nearing the maximum output In this situation aquae ulturr h< c ornes incrcasingh more important for 6**1 Mipph Environmentally sound aqua culture. integrated with existing agriculture fishing or other small scale industries, has rhe potential for grv.it expansion in developing countries
SWEDMAR s experiences from aquaculture development arc niainh Ironi rhe regional aquaculture pro gramme Al COM. in Southern Africa and coastal aquaculture systems around rhe Bay of Bengal
Satiny developing countries have ruemlcd their felling zones as a
’ result <>f the International Con-
( itr.cion on the law of the Sea and
•     ihr intmduetion of exclusive cco-
•     nonue zones These changes indi cate new possibilities but also an in creased responsibility for the coastal mjio to use and conserve their fish Mocks over the long-term.
EDMAR has had many years ol experience in developing coopera tion within fisheries, especially in *01 Afnea and the Bay of Bengal, fitc mon extensive cooperation is with Angola, with an emphasis on
f
J^’xrArih. training and institutional ^nhancrincnt
Vs a unit within the National
»
h«Muf Fisheries and in co-opcra-
n ^n with the fishery sector,
HD.MAR has full access to com r*urnt personnel within (he fields of and^i^ tnvth°dology, economics
^nistntion for the develop- 0 *usUinable fisheries
«*»       . -xs*Research, education and
information
Research and investigation arc
important to provide expertise and a
base- for the evaluation of the condi tions of seas, lakes and rivers, and 
what can be considered as sustain* 
able use of these resources.
Education   and   die   dissemination of   information   is   fundamental   to   all development.
SWEDMARs technical library, containing international literature
dealing with fisheries, aquaculture, aquatic environment and manage ment of resources in developing countries, provides a service to researchers, project personnel and the public.
SWEIJMAR cooperates with Swedish and foreign research institu tions As a unit within the National Board of Fisheries, we have access to marine fisheries laboratories, coastal and freshwater laboratories, and re search vessels.
Apart from commitments with fisheries research in Angola.
and other countries. SWF.DMAR administers a regional support tl> marine research in East Africa in c<> operation with Swedish university The support is financed by the Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation in Developing Countries (SAREC).
Board    of Fisheries
Other governmental organizations
Universities
Individual
consultants
countries
Development banks
Project
SAREC
UN-
organizations
SWEDMAR
Swedish Centre for Coastal Development and Management of Aquatic Resources 
A unit within the National Board of Fisheries
Mailing addmss:
Box 423 S 401 26 Goteborg. Sweden Address: Lilia Bommer 6
Phone: +46 31 630300 Telefax. +46 31 154113 Telex: 27108 Natfish S*
=3
SWEDMAR
Swedish Centre for Coastal Development and Management of
Aquatic Resources
A unit within the National Board of Fisheries
^IDMaR. a unit within  the National Board  of ^hes,  has had  20  years of experience in 
^^ticoal   development   co-operation.   Its   projects J^?rovc      ability    of    the    developing    countries
Uand    manage  their  seas,  inland  waters  and Swedish  International  Development
SWti
-  1   kA)  is  the  principal  contractor. 
-   coastal development
-   coastal planning
-   marine environment and management of resources
-   fisheries development
-   aquaculture
y
^DMAR Ka
^ 0Vcnim S Contacts with an extensive network ^^itits Crla' an<* nongovernmental agencies, 
^foit °^UlUng ftnns and private experts. We
^lated^ ^ SCTV1CCS widrin many aquatic and tloQS'tenn 'sc'Plvncs. The emphasis is placed on 
• research, training, and infonnyfi    I
.A
IQ
Coastal development There is a requirement
S'
fort ’appraising
the
^ar
lengthening of institutions. 
devek^ ’ ^P^ments, follows up and 
TUcnt v/ork especially within
S
R tkl
x
development potential of coastal areas ia a broad and integrated manner. This need is particularly relevant in the tropical and subtropical countries because of their rapid population growth in combination with difficult social and  economic conditions and degradation of important marine resources.
In recent years, SWEDMAR’s projects have become more multi-disciplinary and involve various '-°as(\In adtliuon to pure ftshene;’'- sWEDMAR deals
< ^lud'hnic^ Prob 1 JJi 3nd institutional
rher coordinates and adapts
^vclopn)ent-
I   claiming   development   in   coastal   areas. c ^jP|esuS^ab         Prions      and      still      maintain      a 70 O*« living Atrial and marine resources.
a rKd policy for,he
- requ
n ^nlements planning procedures for
i  imp‘ . and the management of
• /perform coastal surveys and develop 
’’ZXior coordination and integrated coastal
On behalf of SIDA. we also monitor
M Zrul development and participate in the
® Swedish development co-operation within the field.
\IiriDc environment and  management of resources He nanne environment and  its living resources are ctjat io severe perturbations, such as landbased and ekidc pollution, over-fishing and destructive fishing 
□cLods, degradation of productive eco-systems and >fhological diversity, and erosion and sedimentation problems. which can have serious consequences for
'-w«ut«A^Jnakcf S“v'ys of environment and 1* • ^SS°“ o “
A
V  i0us w‘
" ^roamenul control
a
A ° COUrscs 111 marine
^°'1 global manne311'1
P articiP““»g in
^' i3b        suPport     to     r     progranune-     We     monitor
^P^gramxnes Z011111011131
natural
S 111(1 81V<= advice to SIDA.
y ieries develn
S dev i Opn,e«H skij, ,e loPtng coun, .
^ndon"'5 as a
As a umt wiihxn the Nai.onal Board of Fish£rits
m cooperation wnh the fuhery Wor SWEDM^
has full access to competent p«sOnnel ‘
fields of research methodology, economics administrate for the development of susUuZ
fisheries .
Aquaculture
The demand for fish and fish protem increases with the enlarging world population. At the same time catches arc nearing  the maximum output. In  this situation  aquaculture becomes increasingly  more important for food supply.
Environmentally sound aquaculture, integrated with existing  agriculture, fishing  or other small-scale industries, has the potential for great expansion in developing countries.
SWEDMAR's experiences from aquaculture development arc mainly from the regional aquaculture programme. ALCOM, in Southern Africa and coastal aquaculture systems around the Bay of Bengal.
Research, education and information
Research and investigation arc important to provide expertise and  a base for the evaluation  of the conditions of seas, lakes and rivers, and what can be considered as sustainable use of these resources.
Education  and  the  dissemination  of  information  is fundamental to all development.
SWEDMAR's technical library, containing international literature dealing  with  fisheries, aquaculture, aquatic environment and management of resources in developing countries, provides a service to researchers, project pcrsonnel and the public.
SWEDMAR co-operates with  Swedish  and  foreign research  institutions. As a umt within  the National Board  of Fisheries, we have access to  marine
fisheries
laboratories,    coastal-    and    fresh-water
the
>
result hfVC extcnded their Law of° fnteniauonal
Sea and the new t CConom*c Zones
f  P“’ ,bi,W« but also an
laboratories, and research vessels.
Apart from commitments within fisheries research in Angola, Malaysia and other countries, SWEDM administers, in co-operation with Sw
universities, a regional support to marine research^ East Africa. The support is financed by the we Agency for Research Co-operation in Develop g Countries (SAREC).
Ct '
trauma,
AQ
a
*°la'
an
5 and institutionalt
0r
.’.'Kv
-ATZ^z^z</vc?/^<» /> o/y sfv/»;p/vmk / na tion,
1
PROJECT/
ASSIGNMENT
SOURCE/PERIOD/
BUDGET
Xf HOARD OF r'lSTTERlES
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
General consultation           SIDA (Swedish Interna- Not for any specific project
Documentation Information
tional Development Authority)
1974-91
Annual budget approx 150.000 USS
Preparation of the Bay of Bengal Prog ramme (BOBP)
SIDA
FAO executing agency
1974-79
SWEDMAR part 80.000
USS
Preparation of a new type of interdisci plinary targetgroup-oriented pro gramme with a flexible planning and funding arrangement.
SWEDMAR ASSIGNMENT
Provide general consulting services and advice to SIDA.
Establish a public library covering fish
ery and aquatic environment in the trop ics and the developing countries.
Through the magazine "Fjarran vatten" and through participation in exhibitions and other media, inform about the SIDA supported projects.
Prepared  sectorstudies  of  the  countries concerned.
Participated in the meetings with the In dian Ocean Programme (IOC) and the Bay of Bengal Committee and negotia tions with FAO.
Participation      and      fol low up of the BOBP
SIDA/FAO
Special programme
funds
Phase I 1979-86
1 mill USS/year
Phase II 1987-92
SIDA/DANIDA/FAO
1.3 mill USS/year
SWEDMAR part 40.000
USS per year
BOBP is an integrated interdisciplinary programme focusing on the small- scale fisherfolk situation. BOBP works with fishing technique, aquaculture, extension, and fishery management. BOBP has a research and develop ment character and try to find solutions to specific problems.
Assist and advise SIDA in following up and monitoring programme activities. Arrange appraisal and evaluation mis-
Participate in the programme implemen tation by recruiting consu/tants. associ ated professional officers (APO), minor field studies Arrange seminars and through other medias spread informa tion about the project results.
J 1IA9
project/ ASSIGNMENT
SOU! ICEjTEHIOD/ BUDGET
OESCHfPTION Of- PHOJECT
LiWtlDMAU fc.SSKAVnAV W
Study of environmen tal problems in the
coastal area in the countries round the
Bay of Bengal
Artisanal fishery pro gramme in Guinea- Bissau
SIDA
Special environment funds
1990-1992
0.56 mill USS
SIDA
Technical assistance Phase I 1979-90 approx 10 mill USS
SWEDMAR backup services approx 0.5 mill USS/year.
Institutional streng-
■thening of the arti sanal fishery adminis tration (Guinea-
Bissau)
SIDA
Technical assistance Phase II 1991-93 approx 4 mill USS SWEDMAR 4 mill USS
Within the framework of the Bay of
Bengal study and map the environ
mental situation with special reference
to fish reproduction.
A programme to develop the artisanal fisheries in the archipelago of Bijagos. The programme consisted of;
-   establishment  of  landing  facilities with cold stores and ice machines;
-   transport vessels to take the fish to the market in Bissau;
-  support to the fishermen through gear, engines and equipment;
-  test fishing to improve the fishing;
-   support  to  boatbuilders  in  improving traditional canoes and boats;
-   support to the establishment of a fishery  administration  for  artisanal fishery.
Develop the fishery administration for a new liberalized and marketoriented economy. Improve the administration's capacity in resource management and promote the development of the sec tor. The programme mainly consists of credit, advice, training, establishment of an extension system.
in cooperation with the BOB? execute
the project. Responsible to SiDA tor the
use of project 1unds.
Recruitment and employment of an environmental expert and provision of backup services.
Assisted SIDA in the project appraisal and in designing of the plan of opera tion for the programme.
Assisted in recruiting and preparing experts for the programme.
Provided backup services to the pro gramme by assisting in the annual plan ning, arranging purchase of equipment, recruiting short-term consultants, arranging training and study program mes etc.
Responsible for the execution of the Swedish input in the programme. Man agement and reporting the use of funds. Recruitment and employment of personnel. Provide advice and assist in purchasing of equipment.«.•sweuma / f
PROJECT/
ASSIGNMENT
SOUHCE/PEHIOD/ BUDGET
oFscnipnoN of project
Sector support to An- SIDA
gola
Fisheries research programme (Angola)
Technical assistance 1980-ongoing
Up to 1990 approx 40 mill US$ spent (incl programmes listed be low).
SIDA
Technical assistance 1983-ongoing
7 mill USS SWEDMAR part 4,7 mill USS
The sector support consists of three programmes and support to planning and coordination. The three program mes are:
-fishery research,
•a fishery training center,
-artisanal/coastal fishery
To assist CIP (Centro de Investigapao Pesqueira) to develop their capability to conduct stock assessment and other fisheries research. The pro gramme has consisted of refitting a research vessel, reconstructing and equipping a laboratory, organizing training courses and on the job train ing in Angola, arranging fellowships for training in Sweden and other countries.
SWEDMAR ASSIGNMENT
Coordination of the initial appraisal and planning process. Conduct sector stud ies.
Responsible for the execution of the Swedish input to the programme. Man agement and reporting of the use of funds. Recruitment and employment of personnel. Provide advice and assist in purchasing of equipment.
Artisanal/coastal  pro gramme (Angola)
SIDA
1980-ongoing Approx 13 mill USS spent.
SWEDMAR part 1.5 mill USS
Support to the artisanal fisheries from the capital Luanda up to Cabinda. The programme has included; improve ment of canoes and smaller boats, development of new fishing methods and ways of handling fish, supply of boats, gear, and other equipment, ar rangement of landing facilities and workshops and various training pro grammes
Assist SIDA in recruiting and preparing experts for the programme.
Provide backup services to the pro gramme by assisting in the annual plan ning. arranging purchase of equipment, recruiting short-term consultants, ar ranging training and study programmes etc.4p/iOJi ?c r/
ASSIGNMENT
SOl H ICrjPPRlQL)/ BUDGE T
DESCRIPTION Ol PROJECT
SWt OKM\FK A^StS\C'.VAKAVAA\
Fishery training cen tre CEFOPESCAS (Angola)
SIDA
Technical assistance 1930-ongoing
20 mill US$ '
SWEDMAR part 2 mill USS
Fishery   surveillance (Angola)
Coastal Development
Project in SOMALIA
Construction and establishment ot a
centre for vocational training of fisher- men/skippers, engine operators/mec- hanics, refrigeration-technicians, electri cians. The education is two years. The centre can hold 300 students. During the last years a large number of short courses including economics and man agement have started for people work ing in the sector.
A feasibily study to prepare and pro pose a programme for the fishery sur veillance in Angola.
Support to a programme for resettle ment of nomads to be trained as fish ermen.
TP
SIDA
Technical assistance 1992
80.000 USS (SWEDMAR )
SIDA
Commodity support budget
5 mill USS SWEDMAR part 30.000 USS
Assist SIDA in recruiting and preparing expatriate teachers and experts.
Conduct evaluations, design ot curricu
la, arrange teachers training in Sweden and Brazil.
Provide backup services through ar ranging purchase of equipment, recruit ing short-term consultants, arranging study tours and programmes.
Conducted the study. At present pre paring charter arrangements (June 1992) ol a surveillance vessel.
Assisted in the designing of plans for the reorganization of the settlements into economic independent units and for the use of Swedish funds.PHOJrCI/ ASSIGNMENT
Nordic support to the artisanal fisheries in
Mozambique
SOUHCt-/Pkl UGI >/ BUDGET
DESCRIPTION OF* PHOJLCT
SWEOMAH A.SSVGWtAtlViA
DA NiDA/N ORA D/S IDA Technical assistance 1985-1997
6 mill USS
SWEDMAR part for back-up support 0.5
USS
SIDA
Financed through the commodity support budget
1988-89
3 mill USS
SWEDMAR part
100.000 USS
SIDA
Special programme
funds
FAO   executing   agency 1906-ongoing
5 mill USS
SWEDMAR     additional 400.000 US$
Responsible    tor    the    coordinating    Nordic backup   services   to   the   programme.   Re ported   to   the   Nordic   fishery   group.   Par ticipated   in   the   annual   planning   consul tation,   purchased   equipment,   recruited consultants.  Arranged  a  jointly  Moqam- bican/Nordic  sector  study  for  future cooperation.
Swedish support to boatbuilding and maintenance of ma rine engines in Mo zambique
ALCOM (Aquaculture for Local Community) (SADCC-region)
An out-phasing support to the activities started within the agriculture pro gramme MONAP. Support to small- scale fisheries through gears, equip ment, technical experts and strength ening of the central fishery administra tion.
Support to local boatbuilders, both tra ditional in wood and a smaller boat factory for GRP-boats.
Support to establish a network of workshops for maintenance of smaller marine engines.
ALCOM has a research and develop ment approach and is in an interdisci plinary way trying to find solutions to improve the use of fishculture in the rural societies. The programme inclu des social, cultural, economic, biologi cal and environmental aspects.
Contract with the State Secretariate of Fisheries for backup services i.e. re cruitment of consultants, purchase of equipment incl. construction of a trans port vessel.
Conducted a study that ultimately led to the creation of the programme.
Assist and advise SIDA in following up and monitoring the programme activi ties. Participate in the programme im plementation by recruiting consultants, APO (associated professional officers), minor field studies. Arrange seminars and through other medias spread infor mation about the project results.*
e
r
K
Jr
phoject/ ASSIGNMENT
SOUHCUPFFUOD/ BUDGET
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
IMO (International Maritime Organiza tion)  Global  Environ ment Programme
CEP (Caribbean Envi ronment Programme) UNEP
Environmental impact assessment of URl- hydroelectric power plant in Kashmir, India
SIDA
Special     programme funds
1977-ongoing
approx 12 mill US$ SWEDMAR additional 350.000 USS
SIDA
Special  environment funds
1991-ongoing
10.5 mill USS for a 3 year phase SWEDMAR  additional 300.000 USS
SIDA
Technical assistance 1990-1991 SWEDMAR part 0,5mill USS
Support to the IMO programme to
support developing countries to full ill international conventions for protection
of pollution from ships and offshore activities.
Support to CEP especially IP1D (Inte grated Planning and Institutional Devel opment for the Management of Marine and Coastal Resources). The objective is to strengthen the countries' capacity to plan in an integrated way, for the utilization and protection of the coastal areas. The programme will include a number of selected pilot projects.
To conduct an environmental impact assessment of the construction of the powerplant with special focus on the bottom fauna and reproduction of fish. The assignment was not completed due to security reasons.
Assist and advise SIDA in toWowing up
and monitoring the programme activi
ties. Participate in the programme im plementation by recruiting consultants, APO (associated professional officers).
Provide SIDA with background studies and advice. Participate in the project preparation and appraisal study. Recruitment of experts and arrange ment of funds for preparatory phase. Follow up the development of CEP on behalf of SIDA. Backup services to the programme. Follow up of the internatio nal development in coastal manage ment.
The survey is conducted by the Institute of Freshwater Research within the Na tional Swedish Board of Fisheries in cooperation with the University of Srina gar.
X
r3SWLDMAH
PROJECT/ ASSIGNMENT
Project preparation mission to Malaysia
SOURCE/PERIOD/
BUDGET
7
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
SWEDMAR ASSIGNMENT
BITS (Swedish Institute To identify areas for future Swedish
for Technical and Eco- cooperation with Malaysia within the nomic Cooperation).           fishery sector. Three areas were identi-
The entire study and follow up visit to Sweden was arranged by SWEDMAR.
1988
30.000 USS
tied:
- aquatic environment which resulted in a study tour to Sweden;
-  handling and marketing of fish which has resulted in a cooperation with KF-Project Center;
-  fishculture in giant cages which not yet has resulted in any cooperation
Evaluation of aqua culture research pro gramme In Cap Verde
Evaluation of an Ice landic supported fish cry project in Cape Verde
Research Project on Marine Coastal Man agement in East Afri ca.
SAREC (Swedish Agency  for  Research Cooperation  with  De veloping Countries) 1989
10.000 USS
ICEIDA (Icelandic Inter national Development Authority)
1989
40.000 USS
A research cooperation between INIP a research institute in Cape Verde and the University of Lund.
The evaluation was carried out by se nior scientist from the Institute ol Marine Research.
Evaluation of the Icelandic supported fishery research and development programme in Cape Verde
SAREC 1991-1993 800.000 USS
A research cooperation between uni versities in eastern Africa and universi ties in Sweden. The programme is focusing on physical oceanography in coastal areas and marine ecology.
The evaluation was carried out by two independent consultants engaged by SWEDMAR.
SWEDMAR administers the programme and provide backup services.f
-Ft
PROJECT/ ASSIGNMENT
Marine/coastal Re search Programme in Sri Lanka
SOUHCE/PERIOD/
BUDGET
SAREC 1992-1993
400.000 US$
Micronesian Maritime and Fisheries Acade my, Yap
Fishery Reseach and Development Project. Department of Fisher ies, Malaysia
Department of fisheries financed by an ADD loan (ADB, 862-MAL) 1992
115.000 USS
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
A research cooperation between NARA (National Aquatic Research Agency) and the Colombo University and the Univerities of Stockholm and Gothen burg and the Institute of Marine Re search (of the National Board of Fish eries). The programme is focusing on oceanography in coastal areas and marine ecology.
Establishment of a training centre for fishermen, skippers, seamen and me chanics on the island of Yap.
An extensive investment programme to develop Malaysias reseach capacity within the field of marine and inland fishery, aquaculture, environment and coastal ecology.
SWEDMAFt ASStGNMEW
SWEDMAR administers the programme and provide backup services.
SWEDMAR has assisted in planning of the programme and recruitment of tech nical experts to the centre.
SWEDMAR won an international tender for providing the programme with a re seach advisor who will assit in develop ing a master plan for the future
research.
-
k
-r ,
•........... u -......................  i t
* I— * .
<V I-
.j. *1.1r
*WLnMAR
PROJECT/
ASSIGNMENT
Marine/coastal Re search  Programme in Sri Lanka
SOURCE/PERIOD/        DESCRIPTION        OF        PROJECT BUDGET
SWEDMAR ASSIGNMENT
SAREC 1992-1993
400.000 US$
A research cooperation between NARA (National Aquatic Research Agency) and the Colombo University and the Univerities of Stockholm and Gothenburg and the Institute of Marine Research (of the National Board of Fisheries). The programme is focusing on oceanography in coastal areas and marine ecology.
Establishment of a training centre for fishermen, skippers, seamen and me chanics on the island of Yap.
SWEDMAR administers tho pmqtummo and provide backup services
Micronesian Maritime and Fisheries Academy, Yap
Fishery Research and Development Project. Department of Fisheries, Malaysia
SWEDMAR has assisted in plu ming of the programme and recrultmoni of technical experts to the centre
Problems and Needs in the Marino and Coastal Areas of Sri Lanka
Department of fisheries financed by an ADB loan (ADB, 862-MAL) 1992
115.000 USS
SIDA - Special commi
sion to SWEDMAR.
January-February
1993
40.000 USS
An extensive investment programme to develop Malaysias reseach capacity within the field of marine and inland fishery, aquaculture, environment and coastal ecology.
A study on the problems and needs in marine and coastal areas of Sri Lanka together with conclusions and recom
mendations.
SWEDMAR won an Inlornalion >l tondor for providing lhe programme w,<h a ro- seach advisor who will asnll in lovolop- ing a master plan for the future research.
SWEDMAR Implemented the turfy together with local export**
■>!I
(
«
I
eInstitute oi Geography University oE Berne Switzerland . .5Address:
htstUu^
~
y(j,OHf) j‘vr. Dcvcl^»r>ciil (ind E/ivtrtwiient
:
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■•• . • jpintefJjc::. ;  - : ’■
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•           •
•:< •               31 42 8843>;^ ■ New address from 3 July J993:.
>lfui(erslrti, c'sc J2 ‘ •'
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30/2 Berne ,* • 
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•• 
•       ■        • • 
-
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•• 
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• 
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'•; .'.Switzerland .. •' :■
’ • *
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♦
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■ - « • « * •
« • -
Oircctoraia-''^ • Hfiivt
,
♦ ♦ •
Proi’rwump Dlrecftii
•• • •
• • • - • w
Or Up Wiesmann. Lecturer, Pin^vuninieiDirector.:
• ••• &i‘ / linntds ktdiUny' Group Cogrtllntifar. . -
• • *“ • * • • •
, 
(§> ■ |(J92 Groff/x/w’>
>Group'i^i' Pcvelopmdni and Rnviconir.cnl (GDii) was founded i hiOS8 in lh« InslKWc of Geography. UiuvcTsily of Ikmc (OIUB) • 
• <iic jtsull of '«■• coiwdUdnUoiiJ.of^.bie- hvililulq’s-rcsctirvl* pm-
l1S imines Lu developing countries some of’which hud been in cxis-
•»
^cc lor a'num^roCycurs. . •; ;
• '
I
Major Aims and Priorities
Y4fT:
j’ '
. ............ A,
’ 7*. !
—*
.-••••?
• •
N
IT -
»
' The GDE is engaged together wlllr developing cpumclcs in applied iusearch focusing on developoicnluiid the environmentIn pxtditlcn
. to rcseiucirncllvilyyapplied research Is also, understood 16 include", teaching, gciierril education, Insilliilfonal development, and sappcti
i’or the planning of concrete.(IcYclopnrieqt.projects, .
:
. • •           .
The  primary  cpiplmsls  in  the  GDE  is  oil  inan-environinenl  jel;t- ilons, with a pwrilcular focus on niouiihiln ectisyslctns and highiiuid-
fowhtnd inieracilons..
S peellie I'neal points iu IUXJ
• • - • s
’l
-t«
. • *
•. •’■■ ■
;* ’ t .
• » *• f
* • •• ’ «
Sustaliiablc use pi)ialural icjtdurCci, cspccliOly soil and waler;
•l^giona) (IcvcIopinenL itntf idglonal enviconmeiiuil stTnlegics, ^^P,nl,5iuV‘U’ aUcniirtu in the survival sffMegics crjuqil papuia- -nv ronincnlM iiiipacls nC ’dcvclnpiniiiit activities niul projects.’
I1•    /.^nciliodolugicnrmnphascsarcoii:-.-:                           -
yit\|oi
r
••
. jHiccSf
UcllXK'S:ull! ‘ccll"ill”cs c- mc;iS11 rtimi (soil erosion, waler t»|.
• 7 • < r H nnd'watcr coiwdrvalion); ■ '
10
.-• •.. :■.. .
■ :Dcvci<jpin^'{ hikI rvjiliuilipnX geographic ltifbnnn||Qn
’••• (G(S) Jin<l creation of regional-dati banks and iftonijoring con. ccpis • _• .\ •-
Mclhcds of monitoring socioeconomic and soclpcullural charge
r
In oirnl areas; ' • 
, Iiiicnliscipiinajy linkngc c jri I he ,sucntl sciences, •
..?
iscarcii utclhpds
•r
1’he GDB's current regional fpeu/ds on Africa (Keny^, Elliipplft, Madagascar). • Oilier smaller prognihiincs’ (inmuliitcs,. iiidivldiiai.
-■ studies}, lire concerned will; Asia (Ncpal/Bangladcslt) arnkSouih America (Andes Mountains). In gcngniphhd icrins, GDE pre- gnumnes conccntnilc on ninunlaiii systems ainl.tiiclrjnfcraciloin
• ■ svilli the siuroiHKling lowlands.
GDI7, aims nip trnnslriled Into nctinii primarily bribe ureas of odi:-
. cation; scientific research, and inlbrmiitioii services, (publlcallops,
•:. seminars, workshops,.•conferences), Including Coiuiiuiliig cducaliai for project partners, ns well as special courses offered in develop-
. utent programmes and id Berne. Pilot projecls me carried nuj il re-
_ ......search sites and-their lopg-tcnii ■effects a re cbschvcl In order 'a
:
.. icvaluaic ntu! test suggested improvements, • ''i
....
• *Soil Conservation Research Prop- Ethiopia 
* SCRP).
dnUinn a countrywide bush provide brckgrcnju
policy makers.
In nddillon lo its research and planning activity. SCRP -L-
an important role In education by supper: mg Cddcstir
working towards master's nnd drxuoral deg ccs.
SCRP   Is   n   long-term  programme  that-bos  »  t.u   .uicu   » Ethiopia.
Laikipia Research Programme (LRP), Kenya
oil lhe Inml awing to heavy irninignUlon of srcab -sede 4“r 1J
iiiliittlrics and various development
’
ninong     which     arc     rcp.wnullvcs     nf     Ite     -J-£
Bank, A geographic inronnalicn tyw1 ’« 1 •I
i
(r | field counts ill col In brjr.il km wllh Kenyan
. 1cl-s <c,nh^j M:|KfViscs both Kesyrni and foreign tfudentsai 1 .IwC’’l'U’h,.i|<: level*
. . .u:n»
r
■ dcoie^110 n,n far 1(145 ycar3, Cifx::U* «*»
n,nC . jbiu cuncculrutlon on Icng-ienn mcmicrlng of
s
l * a ^nvlror.nicnfal system and Its changing nstcra
vot*11 KcWj “ ’
r racts u> bC carried ou. in coll«lboraU<si with
VI
Terrc.Tany .Madagascar-----------------------------
*. w the GDI'. has  been collaborating with n rural develop- S '^search liwtlmiion In Madagascar (PCPtPA) lu create a to- S ; search network  dealing wllli suslmible rise of resources.
Aim   is   to   develop   and   disseminule   knowledge   of   mere cuuiwhensive approaches to resource use and lo devise took plans for  resource  use  on  n  purliclputory  basis  (cccsynllresk  P!aiu tfimtHugtrntud du lerndr). So far; two research .«al luns have been cnMnicted Iti a first phase of the programme. 'fhese sliiliciis lave iiuk  quantitative  measurements  in  climutoiogy,  hydrology  raid re^ogy.   collected   data   on   hind   use   and   Ik   sociocultural ir/raiment, and carried out Initial experiments In agrofercstry imd
I conservation, Additional stnlluns are planned for other ZCnuS ln Madagascar in subsequent phases uf tee
1 mi • .1 lon^er,n jvogntmine lhal cooperates closely wilh 1S am iiisiiUiljuns involved in development cocperalloc.tc on Methodological and Technical M*11* of Environmentally Sustainable
«
____________________________ :;s n the GDC luw been Wring en S kxitMern r.rr
* C b                DircctoflHc fee Jeveiowrent Ccope-i- ju GX .
[ ~ ->v ng ‘ic environments odentaiicn of 5DC prQgr'Umnu-
r
g unng environmental iwtoa in deveknmen: ninrrm
Assessing’he envioxinierUiil impels of dewharent :cqrcr* •» etivhies (hypotheses on itc qnvkonmcnuu impact* c( I ‘un
(yix*.** Intervention);
rrmnoiing siistalnnble use of nwwrccs  (globtu arrcntcry  <;i > clHc  naluml resources. resource profiles. regions  env  rrirv  . Strategics);
'■‘uciwing on sustainable use of tlx edit resource (sectcm. c^.- ation nnd cunt ribut Ions Io SDC policy in this tret)
Advising  and  mining  [xoplc  employed  in  dcvelupmem  ctxpcn- tioii Hini cunaultinn <mcitvlrciinicntMpro)cas.
World  Overview  of  Conservation  Activities and Technologies (WOCAT)
With suppan hem SDC, the GDI2 hits rcixutly begun > project, World Overview ot Coiwcrvuliou Ac.>’•••-’ Technologies (WOCAT). WOCAT wUl be ittxfcnalca
t.on with hie Would Association al" Sai! arid Waner Conse***-13^ V5RIC (The Netherlands), l-'AO, UNEP ttml otter nunc**- «~ ’'Hevniuioiinl organ'unlions well us the X. U* aicw we .« *. ’ jPpmnchcs and tecltnotogies tied in soil and cetw-^
yx<| un suciocullucnl uiwl agfcccaioglciu eriieru< jb*^‘
- lecilvencsa^ wicl C01npHC t|,c i-Mjiuiij hr ’lx .cnn a‘» ^ *‘
a
fc J 
systcni. mid a CIS. Coirtclbulimw lu WCCAT *□ -w c CUibul txtwork of project ire.vixn, it'd ’.he C-X**
vc  P'ojeel Ttc W OCAT' project will rento*
-
J
1ITT'nlJowliig programmes tipd inandales urn coordinated bv ehr ™.close collaboration with die GIUB:                •.
*•1C
Socioeconondc  mid.  ecological  linpuc!  monllodjig  of  die  Sni(cri ' lllcttridiy Utilisation Project, Nepal (SDC);
. Studies of die problem of Hooding ii) Bangladesh (SDC);
„ publication ol'.lhc proceedings of the 60) Conference of d:e International Soil Cotiscrvalioii Orgiinisutlon;
. CIS studies of resource planning in Kenya and Ethiopia (Swiss
• NiitiuiwlScience FonndHtldu);
•  Simen Conservation Development Project (S'CDP), Ethiopia
(SDC);.
•
•  Analyses of mountniri ecosystenis In the High Alias of Morocco
(SDC); -••••'.■
•
•  Studies of climatic, change In the Andean arid zone of’Sbulb America (Swiss National Science Foundation); ■ ; '
•  Collaboration in the publication oi'Mountain Agenda for UNCED V2 (inciikllng two books: The Slate of lite World's Moiniltdtls: A Clo/iai licfMrt; and An Appeal for the Mountains)',-
* Collaboration in the publication of Mowrtain Research anti ^do weui (UNU, UNESCO, University of California, Davis),
{
Rn
• 
*
*•
cuses
U     ll
tionv , L ‘Cfldersliip roles, in the following iiitertiaiiooal organise uwochuiuiw:
|u  ?\,Ve’S °l* ’!•* <JG,L 11,1(1 t,w GIUn llcd^nnd itl 50,110
e!
,.
/ 'LSf'Oc’lV^n of Soil mid Water C6nscrv«doa.(\VASWC) Coiiservntiqu Orgtiiilsalidn(ISCO) C,
. nM Nations University (UNU) • /
/‘ ‘ . sB,wlruiwnciilPrngnijiltnc(UNnp)'
• -
. •Jiiilc<|Nl
'^'l. .
( 1|lll,rc Organisation (RAO)
.    ."'-.
.
. i'u food fl,v ‘ Reference mid Infonniillon Centre (LSRIC)
...............................................
f
Mounhdns Assoclidla: (AMA) /
.
Ai       \ociuln    of    l^c      UN       Cui'ilcrcncv    uii    Environment    anil
^^(UNcno) .
rttllta„
.■
Association
; GDI; flUiher collaborules with approximately 20 luillonal.
•Xniiio'i’ In ’ctaveloplos couiMrts. ••
"• • .•• *•'•**♦
Teaching and Education M li g; '
aDEMnCrmcinbL-rs piutlcipnlc in Hie educational programme at (lie Iiwlllule of Geography, where they offer courses oti xiibjects of con cern to. the G DE in accordance with Hie curriculum. 'Iliey fire also, responsible lor supervising lhe work of poslgraduulc students,
3DE programmes hl devoiopuig cuuiUi ies offer specifically planned -muses, train project partners, suimrvise .(indies and scientific pro- ,
-
eels, and assume leaching responsibilities al locaHuiiversilles, shoals, and oilier instiliHions.
:
Publications o
i »;. -t>
/•«. •*>?-
* *W- ’«•• - -
w
v 'de|y  .
0[
'C
?.• 
project
work,   GDE   smfr.rnemlR’rs   have   wrilien
oiilnu
il,j
. r*,S
tc *bc environment ami development.
u feiilai|v |n
’’ l H
catalog of publications which appears
'^‘•ilons hav , Ul1,0 Publ'realfons relatecl to GDE projects, com
5Cr^ous j|V '? - ^
e
i   0,n'’’ b'ujii outside, development ex[wrts and oilier
" J Urtin]
c
s | PV’B tountrles. Many iirlleles have also appeared
‘ -n Periodicals, mid -hi pulillcullons .relating to workrn nfCltliecStecs   ....and scinlniux condlicl.ed .’by ||w GD2 sho|^^^'^y5JQevci 5Tils.lOacvci    tniiinHls. iy)8.rtniii>lly).
I
;
4
. ' . > . ■ . '. . * • • •■ ■• .
» * •
* ’ ♦ • •
4           4
1 ^ctittrt«o”  ^
at   rameSvork
 -
TV *;•>. ■* .-• * •-
i? -i. • r .;.
* X,:.:
4
«
4
- /Mlviiles-are ad ruin Me red by n.dirccLor.ile chosen and an advisory board, 'flic GDB also Iras a panelorselcn-
.4
fX^idvisor^
Gcogniphy-
’* af,W,y HJrtrl of die Institute of '     ...
4
-I'hc  Group  ciiircnlly  employs  upproxltnalcly  110  |Kople.  'Hnrty  of
, |wc
tiro  experts  (10  in  •Berne).The  remaining  80  (approximately 
70  hi  developing  commies.Lind  10  hi  Berne)  tiro  snppoiling  slulf (figures lor 1992-93). ., . ..'
Id addition. ilie GDli supervises a tntiil nC40 giudualc sludcnls turn dociond Candidates, most of wiicin me from developing countries 
4
4
(figures lor 1992-93).
.’
'
. 
- * 1’. ’ z • 
’
• 
•i.  • 
; . 
*  4*  %  *
‘
I
■
»
■ • *-’* . : •• ‘ * * . ■ / - •
•r.unamg•$ 
f.£
I
• •*
*.       4
♦
r
’
‘
I " • -
• * * 
* 
•*»
Hie GpE's Total luinunl budget Is SFr 3-4 million. Approximately 60% Is used ih support of projects in developing countries .and 40%
,.: «ii piqjqcls and.programiii& dimetion In Ueriic (envlronincidiil man- / n ?’ ^’ixlirtLcns and publication^, cducutlwi, project coordination .
• •
general ndniiimiratIon).’
’•
I
t
I
r ,n
C0WCs P i  Mi.ly fiohi external sources. Approx imiitcly.
Conn?* ,PC0vkkd. by .the Swiss Directorate |or Development -
•• .»
»
ffonn| ? ^
n1
Wicroi .
n atMl ^“‘Unitarian Aid (SDC).TIie. remainder comes lleine (10% Ironi Ilie University of Berne), dial
Wille S -ss mul fulfill donors, who finance portions m
’'htenruh ^’<J^r,ln\tncs (Swiss Niiilonal .Science .FoniKlattoi, .
l7<1'indiulob> . •So^ • Conscrvuiion Orgimistuioii, Rockefeller ■)
'Yoritij; ?’
nn<, 0,llcr
.      cooperating oiganlsaiiuns In.the develop^
•      4
8
• 
(
♦
ti>endix 3: ApP'
International Training Programmes
3.1
3.2
BITS. International Training Programmes 1995
BITS Remote Sensing Education for Educators Advanced International Trarung Programme in Stockholm and Kiruna, Sweden
BITS,  Water  Resources  Management  in  Developing  Coun
tries,
Advanced  International
Training  Programme
in
Lund, 
Sweden
3.4
3.5
Royal  Institute  of  Technology,  Environmental  Engineering 
and Sustainable Infrastructure. Stockholm, Sweden
BITS, Operation and Management of Urban Water Supply and Waste Water. Advanced International Training Pro gramme in Gothenburg, Sweden
4
BITS,  Management  of  Groundwater  Supply  for  Urban 
Areas,  Advanced  International  Training  Programme  in 
Gothenburg, Sweden.
BITS,  Solid  Waste Management.  Advanced  International
Training Programme in Gothenburg, Sweden
Swedish   University   of   Agricultural   Sciences   International
3.9
Soil Conservation Course. Uppsala, Sweden Fifth Stockholm Water Symposium 1995INTERNATIONAL
TRAINING
PROGRAMMES
BITS
S1 WTDISH BOARD FOR INVESTMENT
AND 1 FLUNK AL SUl'POR tI
IINTERNATIONAL
TRAINING
PROGRAMMES
1995
BITS
SWEDISH BOARD FOR INVESTMENT AND TECHNICAL SVPPOR r
Gunilb Olokson, Director General Slur? Petterson, Director of Iniernattonjl fcaimni;
Michael Gustavssnn» Senior Executive lC Eva-Marie Wikstrom, Awistanr
h^aniziition and Management of Seed Production and Supph. Photo; Staff'iu F.rlandscon, Svallif Weibull ABTRAINING PROGRAMMES
ADMINISTRATION/MANAGEMENT
Applied International Management
Development and Management of Cadastral and Land Information Systems Strategic Planning and Leadership for .Mapping and 
Land Information Organizations
Industrial Property Protection
International Board and Directors Seminar
Postal Management
Project Management
Public Service Management
Women in Management
AGRICULTURE
Organization and Management of Seed Production and Supply 'I ethnical Management oi Artificial Insemination
BANKING
Bank Management
ENERGY
Electric Power Engineering and Management Electricity Distribution Managetnenr
Energy Conservation in industry
Energy Conservation in Sugar Plants
Hydro Power Development
Power System Control and Operation
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Coastal and Marine Environment Pollution Prevention Environmentally Balanced Pulp Production Environmental Technology in Pulp and Paper Industries Groundwater Supply for Urban Areas
I lazardous Waste Management Local Environment Management Mining and the Environment
.
Operation   and   Maintenance   of   Urban   Water   Supply   and   Waste   Water   Sy-tu. Remote Sensing
Risk Management in Community Development Planning Solid Waste Management
Watcr Resources Management in Developing Countries
'M-HIAlTHCARE
l^uonnl M'ircnu' Hea',h C
INDUSTRY
Maintenance Management Seminar
Majiagemenr of Forests and Wood Industries
Mining Technology
Onynization and Management of Industrial Maintenance Quality Leadership Seminar
Standardization - Management and Techniques r dow-up Seminar on Standardization
T sai Quality Management
SOCIAL SCIENCES
Comparative Seminar on Law and Development Conflict Resolution
Human Rights
. Equal Status and I luman Rights of Women 1 arnalisin and Democracy 
in Journalism
>»ORTTHIS IS BITS
BITS is a Government agency  under the Ministry  lor Foreign  Affairs,  with  anu( of promoting  economic and  social development in  developing  countries thro^ transfer of knowledge and  know-how including  concessionary  financing  of inver projects from Sweden.  BITS also  supports the transformation  process and  environ; protection in Central and Eastern I uiope.
BITS    operates    through    four    main    programmes    based    on    competitive    servicesan technology available in Sweden:
•    Technical    Cooperation,    including    the    transfer    of    knowledge    from    highly    quziii partners   in   Sweden   to   partners   from   low   and   middle   income   countries.   In   199.’. BITS financed activities in 32 countries ar a total amount of SF.K 250 million.
e
International Training  Programmes,  held  annually  in  Sweden  in  areas wr.t Sweden  is deemed  to  possess experience and  qualified  skill of strategic imports for the development process.  During  1993/94,  52  programmes were con  due under this scheme.
, Concessionary credits for financing of investment projects, where Swedish suppi have proven competitive in international bidding. In 1993/94 BITS approvcuur-. at a total amount of SEK 1 248 million w ith a grant element of SEK 632 mi iw-' 10 countries.
Cooperation with Central and Eastern Europe, comprising transfer of kno'ce- in support ol rhe political and economic reform process as well as environ^ protection. In 1993/94 BITS nude commitments for projects and activity n region at a total amount of approx. 230 million SEK.
BITS is a financing acencv
foreign countries. The terms athe ^sis specific project requests
contract between the Swedish n <<HlJlfJons uf rhc ProJecrs have to be specified in-
t
cou nrry. 
' h partner arid the counterpart organization in rhe Dre^
BB S operates on a cost-sharing basis with rhe counterpart organ iza no - cooperation ensures local priority ro the project and that the counterpart o•{1
- This 11
has assumed the necessary responsibilities for sustainable impact of «.xre
BI1S   is   headed   by   a   Director-General   and   has   a   staff   of   36   professional has Directors heading each main programme. 
p i>
1S
nrops^
INTERNATIONAL training programmes
ml Training Programmes BITS is sponsoring some 50 training ”  Is in Sweden during 1995.
s   aim   ar   enhancing   managerial   and   technical   skills   in   developing 
Tbe   programmes   • 
sr J.Jtegjc    importance   to   economic   and   social   development   and 
co^
trifS
Sw * na  eden na  rticuls a|mr know  iu     ledge and expertise to offer.
concern     the     field     of     transport,     communications,     energy, ? 0\mXrntection    and    industry.    During    1979    -    1994    some    9    000    participants Ki   "raximately   125   countries   have   attended   international   training   programmes
sponsored by BITS.
BITS international training programmes have a duration of 4 - 10 weeks and are held in the English language.
lawn 20 to 30 participants are attending each training programme. PARTICIPATION
1 T*
mtidk irt i ^ !'
e
income level and countries in Central- and Eastern Europe.
S’f^Oopartidn'it ^ candidates are issued to those countries having expressed an r^:,:|hprDPrjnim .C *1S 1 -lrSt P i° i y■ Such interest can be expressed either to BITS
tO  candidates from developing countries at the low and 
3
1
* ' Programme
:5
| T-alifiedcinJH  f°
r    rr
selects the countries to be invited in consultation r taC^ Pro8ramme are assessed on individual meritsand rhe
' 7,,  
^*andtnp Tr^aiI? ,
Pi”.,
ates arc elected for each programme.
I rrieS aiT designed for experienced executives in positions at Anient in their respective organizations.
'sdd.. , 
^^’1 have at I
k(r ,
cast a university degree and relevant working experience,
^^■nat j PPtaant to he selected to participate, he/she must
n a PP  P iate authority in accordance with rhe rules of each 
ro   r
i5l >gh
‘ ^ifY^
rr
Ose native L/ Wntten ar|d spoken English -the language of instruction;
I
''i\. /t(>> ’’idicari.. n^Ua8  is not English will have to submit an official language
c
n(
'*“'"^S 7Pr ofideni
ev >de-y -nc Eeofn^ good he        sh        althBoth public and private sectors are welcome to nominate candidates international training programmes. For each programme nor more--  '
r
participants from each country are normally selected. The training is open to ^- women. As the majority of the participants arc men, qualified women arc er to apply for participation in the training programmes.
h
i
PROGRAMME ORGANIZERS
Programme administration  including  the hiring  of faculty,  the acquiring  of premiss’ lectures and  accommodation  for participants etc.  is commissioned  to  app.-i. organizers for each  programme from either the public or private sector la governs agency, a university or a consultant company).
BITS is as financing agency involved in the planning of new courses, selrdio- countries to be invited, in the screening of nominees for selection anti evaluate
0
individual courses in terms of relevance, quality and effects in the developing ^
COSTS AND FINANCING
The costs of the training programmes, which vary between thi programmes, arc divided into:
•    participation tec
•    accommodation
The participation fee covers ,|i r • . ind h 5 Sritdn tO1,rs and “’■'•uranTfoT
•’nd hoard. Personal expense,"re
C
ostsforj
u 'C' ru‘tion- htcrarure an J documo® ,M T“- Thc ^conunod.t.ion covert^
rnponnbility of the individual partkip®
financing. ternatlonal,r-”'eltoandfr-mSwedenarenormallynotcoveredund®!’’
K| 11 provides fcl|
T-
ms    <o  j g 
ni nows ltnsri)Jn
|
f
 .
dcve!opjnp\r,n^    F-trficip.ition    fcc     anj    accommodation    for    p    t
other countries would have r
k
a ‘,he 'OM er income levels. Participants ’f< ’ V <>r participation and accommodation.
8RATION PROCEDURE
.
I____ ___ -
l' 1 11        9 1 1 <• 1 li n I T -Ti UTi FT. I B Jr'V B j-*. X»— .mu. rt _____________________ __.
^Tcmin'jriaiil are to be submitted ro the Swedish embassy not later than the Vsratd in the brochure (approx. 3-4 months before the programme starts), 
ensure sufficient rime for assessment, selection, etc.
Hit  H'ijnizer  will  inform  by  cable/relex/telefax  participants  about  their  admission itacopies  to  the  Swedish  embassies  concerned)  2-3  months  before  rhe  start  of  an idividujl   programme.   Information   about   the   programme,   procedures   for   visa   to Judea, etc. will subsequently be mailed directly to the participants.
Jannted candidates shall confirm (heir participation by immediate return cable/telex/ itldmothe organizer-preferably  directly,  or via the Swedish  embassy.  Last minute wrrrawals must be avoided.
WITFICATE
j w AND FURTHER INFORMATION
Ct^l
,<ri "”al     uopi.-V    BITS    International    Training    Programmes    and    request    for tJ  me programme catalogue should be addressed to:
l      S7 oc’KHOLM__ ADMINISTRATION/M ANAGEMEM Applied International Management
Duration:
Location:
July 24 to September !, 1 99 >
Sig tuna
Vacancies:            40
Objectives: To  advance the managerial efficiency,  broaden  the knowledgj general management and  increase ability  to  plan  and  manage international joint ventures.
Contents:              •  Corporate strategy and economic environment
•  Managing rhe functions of marketing, finance and product*<i
•  Managing accounting and control systems
•  Organization, human resource management and leadership
•  Transfer of technology, joint ventures and negotiations
•    Field  project  in  Swedish  companies  on  market  strategies  in developing countries
Target group:       General managers and senior functional specialists in private, cooperative and state-owned companies. Senior government managers and specialists concerned with industrial activities- officers from banks, financial institutions and funding agenao engaged in international business.
Closing date fur application: April 15, 1995
Programme organizer:                      Swedish Institute of Management, 1FI
Address:
Telephone:
Box 45180, S-104 30 Stockholm, Sweden +46 8 31 36 15
Telefax:                                             + 46 8 31 43 60Implementation    or    improvement    of    land    and    properry    registration, 
| ^
l  ri(jn and taxation, cadastral surveying.
sbri0Il7 va ua
r Ib:            • Computer-based cadastral and land information systems (LIS)
• Land-use control, land acquisition and land consolidation
• Surveying, photogrammetry, mapping technology and geographical information systems (GIS)
• Management, organization, financing and project planning
• Field trips, study visits, practical demonstrations, application and case studies
larfetemup: Upper and middle management staff involved in cadastral activities
Swedesurvey AB, the Overseas Agency of the National Land Survey and the Central Board for Real Estate Data.
S-801 82 (idvic, Sweden +46 26 15 33 00 
+ 46 26 65 18 19
IInternational Board and Directors Seminar
Duration: Three weeks in June MW
Location:               Stockholm
Vaca ncies:      25
(Objectives:
Contents:
To      advance      rhe      participants      knowledge      and      understandingufth function of the board of a company or an organisation, leading
•      a    greater    understanding    of    the    role,    responsibility    and    duucoo board member,
•  an efficiency of developing the board work practically,
•     a    capability    to    develop    targets    and    strategies    for    the    company (helicopter competence)
•  The board and the total management function
•  The hoard member and his/her legal responsibility
•  The Swedish company law and international comparisons
•  How to develop efficient board work
•  Decision - making of rhe board
• Targets and strategics
•  Economic control
•  Cooperation between the board and the managing director
•  C ompany visits meeting chairmen and managing directors
Target group: Directors  fh
managers owner /'t
o    tt lr/.
directors, senior directors and
companies and 
caosing dare for application. 
Programme organizer:
Address:
Tele ph one: Telefax;
b °th f,rivate and stateiMlx*
f
r«>1ektsryrmng‘x'B,’f Dircv,nrs in
coopern.ion ><»
Vend/!' Aci,dcmy of Directors
*-4f> 8 7v) ?s
61 Djorsholm, Sweden
^■46 8 75S 2.5 srtPnsti
To give rhe participants insights and increased knowledge of
t   rhe   importance   of   an   efficient   postal   service   when   developing   trade jnd commerce in a country
I                • how to identify and analyze business opportunities for rhe Post
Office, regarding legal framework, demand and market situation
• a complete management control system for Post Offices
• how to work out and implement a business plan
martins:     • the Post Office as a part of the infrastructure
• relationships to government, business idea
• customer need, customer segmentation and customer satisfaction
• marketing and public/customer relations
• production planning and quality control
• financial control system
•elements of service management, motivation and staff Training
• case studies and study visits
w | Management
iistai Union. Within the framwork of resources allocated to rhe
^nerici3ry countrv undpr VfTP iiptt nnehrimfigp (jji) fyg t^nvisnjicd
](i
+* 
Koncemstab Personal
S-105 00 Stockholm, Sweden ++4£ S 46 ?8  7Q781  1 11 01   1 | 8 1 
+ 46 8 796 98 06Project Management
Duration:              April 20 to May 24 and August 21 to September 22, IWS
Location:              Motala, Vadsfena, Lmkbpmg and Stockholm
Vacancies:            40 each programme
Objectives:           To    strenghten    rhe    participant’s    capacity    co    guide    a    project    roj succccssful    completion,    by    using    methods    and    skills    appiictWf rhe field of project iiiaii.igeiiicut.
Contents:              •  Project administrauon, leadership and management
•  Project appraisal and feasibility studies, financing, interiLirioiri procurement, computer applications, maintenance planning
•  Practical exercise in project planning, execution and evaluation
•  Field trips
Target group:       Managers, administrators and senior functional specialists of medium to large projects in both public and private sector. Managers with the task of selecting and/or monitoring project managers and their work.
Closing dare lor application; February J and May 15, J 995 respectively
/■ - ------ — J
J-
*■
P4 I rogr  J amme organizer:
Address:
7 elephone:
Telefax:
Projcktstyming AB
Box 1 7500, S- J J 8 .91 Stockholm, Sweden +46 8 668 00 90 
+ 46 8 «4 48 38public Service Management Programme
rtarjr:,r-:
ObXtti'rt:
5f(n 2 to Aljy 26, 199S
Sigfuna and Stockholm
25
In strengthen rhe management skills, improve the effectiveness in the public service and to raise rhe capacity to implement change.
• Theories and principles of rhe public service
• Goal conflicts in the public service and formulation of strategies
• Practical work on Management by results - frame budget, mission statement, goals and objectives and monitoring
• Effectiveness, productivity and quality development in practice
• Organizational development, change strategies and public service reforms and restructuring
• Management development in the public service
group: Senior government managers and specialists concerned with public service effectiveness and structural adjustment programmes.
O^TEdate for application:
‘W organizer:
-rrpf - ne:
January 15, 1995
Swedish Institute of Management, IFL Box 45180, S-104 30 Stockholm, Sweden +46 8 31 36 15 
+46 8 31 43 60Women in Management
Duration:
Aft? re/? 6 to March 5 1, 7 99 s
Location:
Vacancies:
Luled
25
Objectives:
To    strengthen    women    in    their
role
as
leaders
and 
decision-iiuk^.. 
giving the participants capacity ro
•  develop as professional managers
Contents:
Target group:
•  initiate local and regional developing processes
* influence rhe direction of change for women
♦ promote networking on women in development issues
•  Female and male aspects of leadership and power structures
•  The principle of equality between men and women in managers, issues
•  Female models and expected behaviours
•  Methods to cope with stress
•  Methods ro use strategies and orienration towards objectnt related leadership
•  Career planning and obstacles for advancement
•  Methods to handle conflicts
• Project planning, execution and evaluation
•  Planning for personal development
Female managers, decision-makers anti ci id I servants .rt positions within the private and public sectors (nattonaI, rt O' . and local governments, bJCrO’s etc) and universities. in the teg South Asia and Southeast Asia.
£
Closing date for application:
Programme organizer:
Address:
Telephone:
Telefax: Telex:
I
December 1, 1994 
CENTER “ International Training jnd
r                      Develop"*"^
Center of Lidea University of I echnofogf S-971 87 LuJe^, Sweden
+46 920 9 1 8 75
+ 46 920 990 20
80207 CENTERAGRICULTURE
Nation and Management of S’Klcio" and supply
Y«inoti:
'ixinon:
Vacancies:
9
April 21 to June 16 and September 3 to October 28. IMS
Svalov
25 each programme
. to advance the participants' managerial efficiency by increasing their knowledge in all the technical elements of a seed programme
. to broaden and develop the participants’ understanding of the equally and mutually dependent links between the organizations operating tn a developed seed industry and in a free marker economy
• to increase the participants’ ability to understand the organization and management of plant breeding and seed supply systems
• Plant breeding and maintenance of cultivars
• Seed production methods and techniques
• Seed processing and storage
• Seed certification systems and methods of seed quality control
• Marketing principles and distribution channels for seed
• Economic and organizational aspects of production and supply of quality seed
P- rofessionals with a degree in agriculture or related fields, with at ' tVe years practical experience in a supervisory position in an
q.          H^ni^ition connected to seed technolog}'
k’±'for plication: organizer:
January   5   and   iMay   25,   1995   respectively Svaldf Wei bull AB
Consultancy Department
S-268   81   Svalov,   Sweden +46 418 670 00
+46 418 671 09
i.Technical Management of Artificial Inseminai
Duration:                September 4 to October 2 7 / 995
Location:              Uppsala
Vacancies:           20
Objectives:             To improve rhe reproduction in cardr through organized programmes for management., artificial insemination and brer, with special emphasis on the conditions in developing counrre
Contents:               * Fertility and infertility in the female arid male
* Clinical endocrinology
•  Artificial insemination and Al recording
•  Nutrition and management
•  Genetics and breeding
•  Practical training and work at different A) stations
•  Study tours to institutions of professional interest
larger group: Candidates in charge of the technical management of 4/
progrnnnnes or c r/xZres, with a university degree tn ifeterr/ktr. medicine and /or animal sciences and at least three years expene!. of working in an Al programme.
C losing dare for application; April 13, 1995
I rogrammc organizer;
Address:
Telephone: Telefax;
Faculty of Veterinary Afedicine, Swedish Uiii't'r'’ ' of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala
S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden 
+46 J 8 67 1U 00
+ 46 1 8 67 2 J 45 or +46 1 8 67 35 45
Ibanking
Management
Gmiiilh:
MjyS'/o./""4’2- 1995
25
vovide knowledge within selected areas of strategic importance
• ^/management of successful banking operations. The course is
•   u>   provide   the   theory   and   practise   of   modern   banking   operations, 
»to provide familarization of tools and methods applicable in
modern banking,
• to stimulate personal development and leadership skills,
•   to   examine   the   present   situation   of   the   individual   participating hanking institution,
•   to   develop   an   individual   action   programme   for   each   participating banking institution.
• Organization
• Resource mobilization, lending
• Marketing, product development
• Information systems, control and audit
• Human resources development
• Preparation of individual action programme
Raid' .\fjnjgers preferably in retail banking with excellent career a  ^ree m economics or a related field and at least 5
' experience in a SHpervisory/managerial position.
or  application: organizer:
February 4, 1995
Conceptor International Consulting AB F O. Box 16348, Art.: BMC-95 
N-103 26 Stockholm, Sweden +46 8 677 72 25 
+ 46 8 24 65 77
1ENERGY
Electric Power Engineering and Management
Duration:              September 7 to November I. 1995
Location:            Stockholm, Alvkarleby, Vdsterds, Ludvika, Malmo and
Vacancies:          25
Objectives:            • to focus on strategic issues within a power utility compan;
•  ro advance the managerial capability of the participants
•  ro upgrade and broaden rhe knowledge of the participants in tie field generation, transmission and distribution of electric entry
•  to give the participants increased knowledge of management, procurement and contracting
•  to stress the importance of maintenance organization and planning
•  to develop leadership skills of the participants
•  to increase murual understanding of managerial problems
and make possible the exchange of experience between rhe participants within the various diciplines of electrical engincer-C
Contents:              • Organization and management
• Energy production, transmission, distribution and maintenance
•  Energy policy
•  Contracting and international Procurement
•  Personnel and managerial leadership
•  Study visits
"larger group; Professionals with qualified experiences either as managers or •*' senior officers in a power company, holding a degree m electro power engineering or equivalent.
Closing date for application: July 7 199 5
Programme organizer:                   SwedPower
Address:                                       -r
I raining Dept.
Tclcnhoni'- Telefax-
^4, S-101 20 Stockholm, Sweden +46 8 677 65 00
+ 46 8 24 77 14 or + 46 8 21 33 061
,F Wuie organizer: J ■ I
k"^’css;
,/ y r Vax;
Electricity Distribution Management
4/>r;/ IS to M<V 24, 1
purr ' ' kholm, Gothenburg, Vdsterds, Ludidka, Ahngsds and Malmo
^' n: H L
ifcJJdC*
To provide rhe main concerns in rhe distribution field and to broaden and update rhe knowledge and ability to make decisions leading to effective organizational, economical, technical and practical structures.
ontents; • Project management and organization
• Procurement and contracting
• Use of energy and load forecasting
• Power distribution technology, planning and design techniques
■ Economy, tariffs and optimization
• Operation, maintenance and documentation
‘i icgoup: General or functional managers or senior officers in power distribution companies, with executive experience on promising career prospects, holding a degree in electrical engineering or equivalent.
j''’'- ? date for application:
February' 20, 1995
SwedPower
Training Depr.
P.O. Box 34, S-101 20 Stockholm, Sweden +46 8 677 65 00 
+ 46 8 24 77 14 or +46 8 21 33 06Energy
Duration:
Location:
Vacancies:
Objectives:
Conservation in Industry
CJontents:
Target group:
Aprit IS fo May f9, 199S
Ma/mo
25
To provide know-how in the field of energy conservation as a
for personnel responsible for energy matters from industries to convert Swedish experience and Swedish technology into measures for their own industries. Energy conservation projects always goes hand in hand with improved environmental conditions.
•   Energy conservation techniques
•  Energy production and distribution, steam boilers, energy sources and co-generation plants
•   Different steps in an energy conservation project
•   Automatic control and maintenance wirh regard to energy
utilisation
•   Practical measurement techniques and measuring instruments
•   Practical process and energy conservation work in industrial
plants
•   Environmental improvements and connection between energy conservation and a better environment
Erodwcf/ow, energy anti maintenance
energy-intensive ine/nsfria/p/ants and personnel from mtrnsfr,t: - responsibly for energy matters in inef as triers hoMrrtg
or engineers fron>
I
faculty.
from a meebamea/, rbennea/, din/ or yfedrica/ engmet rin&
Closing date for application: January 6 
Programme organizer-
Address:
Telephone:
Telefax:
J
1995
AF-En ’c 1rgikonsulr Syd  AB
Stensjogatan 3,  S-217  65  Malrnoj
+46 40 37 50 OO
+ 46 40 1 3 90 38
r
 - - yEnergy
Conservation in Sugar Plants
Orto/wr 23 to November 24, 1995
Malmo
, lotion: JyjOfluies: 25
Object*
$
To provide know-how in the field of energy conservation as a basis for personnel responsible for energy matters from cane and beet sugar industries ro convert Swedish experience and Swedish technology into measures for their own industries. Energy conservation projects always goes hand in hand with improved environmental conditions.
ConitJtB: • Energy conservation techniques and sugar technology
• Energy production and distribution, steam boilers, energy sources
and co-generation plants
• The entire sugar process and different unit operations
• Different steps in an energy conservation project
• Practical measurement techniques and measuring instruments
• Practical process and energy conservation work in Swedish sugar
plants
• Environmental improvements and connection between energy 
conservation and a better environment
-5group:   Production,   energy   and   maintenance   managers   or   engineers   from J                 sugar plants and personnel from ministries responsible for energy
matters in sugar industries bolding an engineering degree from a mechanical, chemical, civil or electrical faculty,
fe tOr aPPlicarion: July 31, 1995
CDri?anizer:             AKEnergikonsult Syd AB
‘
Stensjogatan 3, S-217 65 Malmo, Sweden +46 40 37 50 00Hydro Power Development
Du ration:
September 21 to November 16, 1995
Location:
Stockholm, Vdsteras, Malmo, laded and fokkmukk
Vacancies:
25
Objectives:
To improve rhe managerial capacity and to broader and update knowledge in the field of hydro power and orientation of
innovations and trends for the future in civil, mechanical and 
electrical engineering.
lionrents:            • Project Management
• Feasibility Studies, Engineering and Design, Construction. Operation, Maintenance and Rehabilitation of hydro power plants
• Contracting and Procurement
• Economy and Financing
• Study lours
Target group: General or functional managers in power companies with seu - years of experience in exeentit'e positions and promising caror prospects in the field of hydro power development, holdings degree in civil, mechanical or electrical engineering.
Closing  date  for  application;  July  15,  1995 
Programme organizer:                  SwedPower
Training Dept.
Address:
P.O. Box 34, S 101 20 Stockholm, Sweden
Telephone:
+46 S 677 65 00
Telefax:
+46 8 24 77 14 or +46 8 21 33 06. JoWn(,,l;
System Control and Operation
Allgtlst 7 to September 8, 1995
Stockholm
IS each programme
. r() provide broad, up-to-date knowledge m the field of power system control and operation
. t0 provide an orientation of rhe state-of-the-art as well as an insight into trends and future development of control systems
• to demonstrate how control systems can be used in operation to fulfil different requirements during various conditions
• to stimulate personal development and leadership skills
• to tie theoretical and practical knowledge together during study visits to control centres and manufacturing companies
• to provide knowledge in how to write specifications of control systems.
'’’'C-irs: • Power System Control - Technology
T
• Application of Control Systems - Power System Operation
• Manufacturing of Control System
11 - ■ group; Professionals experience of upper middle management in
t ectrical utilities, working in electrical utilities, working with the operation of power systems or in the construction of control
epticd CancM t
■ iTfir"
:
i
/^organizer-
-■HS;
T :7ione: £
a es must have a degree in electrical engineering or
r !?.pHcat,on:
 ^ay 15, 1995
Knval Institute of Technology (KTH) ISO Swedish Management Group Rox 1158, S-L81 23 Lidingo, Sweden 
/ +46 8 731 42 60 
’ .+46 8 731 42 70 12689 MGROUP S \environmental PROTECTION
Coastal and Marine Environment
Pollution Prevention
Duration:
March 6 to April 13. 1995
Location:
Gothenburg, (Karlskrona, bJorrkbpbig)
Vacancies:
38
Objectives:
The main purpose is to provide lhe participants with applicable
insights into immediate oil and chemical spill response, prevention and planning methods and organization development, with a view
to protecting rhe ecological systems in coastal waters.
Contents:
• Coastal and marine environment
•  Hazards, threats, risks and effects
• Contingency planning and management
•  Coastal planning and development
• FIA processes and legislation
(The programme is partly divided into ”coastal planningV immediate spill response"}
Target group: Responsible senior technical officershnanagers in authorities a»d other organisations dealing with marine environmental protective and planning; ministries, agencies, harbours coast guards, transports, oil companies, unit ersities, etc, holding an academic degree al least etj to B.Sc.
Closing   date   for   application: Programme organizer;
Address:
Telephone: Telefax:
December 31, 1994
SSPA Maritime Consulting AB
Att: Bjorn Forsman
P.O. Box 24001, S-400 22 Gothenburg, Sweden +46 31 63 95 00
+ 46 31 63 96 24^mentally Balanced Pulp Production
September IS to November 4. 1995
\tjrkjryd
25
loimparr knowledge about technology, unit processes and environmental management of pulp production and to give priority ro measures to protect rhe environment and by a sustainable use of raw material make rhe production feasible.
• Pulp and paper fundamentals
« Pulp manufacture and environmental considerations
• Production unit processes and equipment
• Environmental management
• Field visits
?j;goup: Engineers holding a university degree in either chemical or mechanical engineering or pulp and paper technology combined with 4-5 years of working experience in supervisory or managing
position in production of pulp and paper.
lor application: June 15, 1995
me organizer:        Educational and Training Centre of rhe Swedish Forest Industries
&
Kronobergsgaran 6, S-285 37 Markarvd, Sweden +46 433 112 80
+ 46 433 167 25Environmental Technology in Pulp and Paper Industries
Duration:            March 27 to May 25, 199 >
location:             Markaryd, Sweden
Vacancies:           25
Objectives; To disseminate knowledge of polluting effects on rhe recipien:
caused by pulp and paper mill outlets and co increase knowledge about methods, appropriate technology and measures to imptme management of resources such as fibre, water, chemicals andenc-j ro reduce outlets.
Contents:             • Effects of emissions and discharges
• Methods for internal supervision and control
•  Technology and methods ro improve use of raw materials reduce pollution
•  Treating odorous gases and water effluents
• Case studies, group work, discussions and field visits l.irget group: Engineers, with u university degree (chemical, mechanical, puty
and paper or similar) working m the pulp and paper industry responsible for environmental management or working in J,! authority with related environmental issues.
posing date for application: January 15, 1995
g ammc organizer:                   Educational and Training Center of the Swedish £
“T‘ I J-
Address: rdephonc;
Forest Industries
Kronobergsgaran 6, S-28‘5 37 Markaryd. Sxveden +46 4 3 3 1 7 > «Groundwater Supply for Urban Areas
zUrgwst 28 to October 5, J 995
Gothenburg
25
To strengthen the competence and capacity in developing countries in utilizing groundwater resources in an efficient an environmental^ sustainable way.
• General hydrogeology
• Modern methods for groundwater exploration
• How to assess and utilize groundwater resources for large scale water supply
• Environmental aspects and groundwater protection
• Law, administration and economy within the groundwater sector
• Field trips, demonstration of and training on modem equipment tor exploration, drilling and well installation/maintenance
Irapoup: Managers of water works using ground water. Principal hydrogeologists or principal engineers at Department of Water Affairs or Department of Geological Survey. Teachers within the water sector.
^te for application: April 15, 1995
i
I
naieorganizer:                  Chalmers Industriteknik
Att: Christina Backman/Goran Svensson
A . 
S-412 88 Gdteborg, Sweden +46 31 772 40 00Hazardous Waste Management
Duration:                   April 19 to May 24, 199S
Location:                   Nyk oping
Vacancies:                25
O bjecrn.es:               To enlarge rhe understanding of overarching ecological relation, and the basic relations between raw materials, products and waste m order to facilitate proper decisions in matters of prevenring environmenta 1 haza rds.
C .’on tents: •  Characterization of Hazardous Waste and sources of infornufor
•  Environmental and human health hazards. Ecotoxiciry
•  Waste handling and processing — Regulation and organization
•  Planning and risk assessment. Environmet.il Impact Analysis
•  7'hcory and laboratory work. Field excursions
Target group. Senior officers and managers in national and focal authorities responsible for environment issues within i.a., energy, ntininf! J>:f heavy industries. Specialists involved in rhe planning and erecici'i of major projects in the field.
Closing  date for application:
Programme organizer:
Address:
Telephone:
Telefax:
January 15, 1995
Miljok onstdterna
P.O. Box 154, S-6J 1 24 Nvkoping, Sweden +46 155 22 25 00
+ 46 155 21 03 K4
i
I, a| Environmental Management
oa ‘'
^ rMo'm ™d Gothenb,<r«
~ hroaden rhe participants' professional knowledge regarding
“ <S:             ecological cycles
. 
.      . 
. 
.
. to provide rhe participants wirli a holistic view on environmental
management and development issues
• to give the participants relevant and applicable knowledge of how
sustainable development can be achieved in practical terms in the
process of local planning
• to establish networks and stimulate exchange of ideas between 
Swedish experts and the participants as well as between the
participants themselves.
tents:         • Environmental management ill the context of local planning and
institutional building
• Criteria for a sustainable society, based on ecological cycles
• Information and public awareness
•    Environmental    action    in    practice    ar    local    level,    related    to    habitat, energy,     communication,     water,     flows     of     goods     and     products,     life long learning and public awareness, socioeconomics, governance
• Applicability of technologies and methods to local conditions, awd on case studies from Sweden as well as from developing 
countries
• Establishment of a local Agenda 21, (How to get start ) Woup: Sentor officers in local and national
ofNGOs, responsible for or active in local pla & management, utilities etc.
.     cstc for applicati
'•Pmme organizeirc:ation: November 15, 1994
r!
Mar.
Interconsult Academy AB
Box 73, S-651 03 Karlstad, Sweden +46 54 18 75 15 
+ 46 54 18 75 15Mining and the Environment
Duration:               September 11 to October 13, 1995
location:                Puled
Vacancies:
Objectives:
25
* to understand the mining industry's environmental impact
•  to demonstrate methods compatible with the environment
•  to introduce ecological and recycling concepts in production * to improve communications between society and operations
Contents:               •  Energy fie water conservation, impact assessment
•  Solid mine waste handling, waste water treatment
•  Environmental monitoring, medical effects
•  Environmental management, environmental auditing
•  Legislation/supervision, decommissioning
Target group:        Engineers in the mining industry or relevant authority responsible for environmental issues, holding a university degree in mining
engineering or related sitb/ecf with five years' working experience.
Closing date for application: May 15, 1 995
Programme organizer:
CENTER - International Training and
Address:
Telephone:
Telefax:
Telex:
Development Centre at
Lu lea University of Technology S-97] 87 Liilea, Sweden 
+46 920 918 76
+ 46 920 990 20
80207 CENTER S
34Urban Water Supply and Waste Water Systems
August 28 to October 5, 199J
Gothenburg
25
lives:   To provide applicable insights in management of water supply and? or waste water organizations, management tools and day today operation and maintenance of treatment plants and distribution networks.
umts:        • Management methods for engineers in large water and sewage works administrations; goals, organization, planning, supervision
w
“♦
w*
and control
• financing of water and sanitary’ services
• Operation and maintenance of water supply and waste water
systems
,      ,. .
• Methods for involvement of users and information to 1.1 pu1 lL
• field trips and case studies
Att: Christina Backman/Goran SvenssonRemote Sensing
Duration: May 2 to June 9, 1995
Location:
Stockholm and Kiruna
Vacancies:               24
Objectives:              Good ability' to plan and teach basic academic-level co^r
Remote Sensing. Good ability to use remote sensing data
research in own discipline. Emphasis on simple and mex;
techniques.
Contents:                • Visual interpretation of satellite imagery fincluding field
•  Remote sensing methods for different practical applicari
•  Remote sensing education
•  Digital image interpretation and geographical informin'.
systems (GIS)
Target    group.-    University    or    technical    college    teachers    holding    a    higher    tty (at    least    M.ScJ    in    physical    or    natural    sciences    having    a    w
o/' three years experience as an educator at tertiary let el.
Closing date for application: January 31, J 995
Programme organizer; Address:
Stockholm University in co-operation w; Satellitbild
Department of I’hvsical Geography Stockholm University
S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
le ephone: +46 8 16 49 61 or +46 S 16 20 00
Telefax:                                                + 46 8 16 48 18K ,k Management in Community 
Planning
lpurtriun'
’fccjrion:
Venues:
^actives:
Conicnrs:
O^oher 16 to November 24, 199 S
Gothenburg and Karlstad
30
• to establish and strengthen the risk consciousness
• to transfer knowledge of risk management in community planning and establishing rescue services
• to provide the participants with applicable insights m atnJ knowledge of identification, handling and elimination of risks, with the purpose of a longterm minimizing of rhe accidents in the conimuniry in an environmentally acceptable way
• Risk management
• Preventive risk management in planning
• Accidental preparedness, damage minimization
•  International organizations, codes and standards
• Case studies, project work and study visits
(The programme is divided into "Crisis management"/ "Risk Prevention Methods”)
fr
T'
- ^  group: Senior officers and technical managers in national regional and
I
local authorities, responsible for and actively operating in community planning, environment protection, energy, transportation, utilities, industries and rescue and contingency'
planning, etc.
|   organizer:
fe emml'Jre af’pli‘
:aCion: June U’ 1995
SSPA MARiTi
SSPA MARITIME CONSULTING AB
in coooperation wirh FB ENGINEERING AB and RISK CENTER
SSPA AB, Act: Karin Magnusson
P.O. Box 24001, S-400 22 Gothenburg, Sweden +46 31 63 95 00
ISolid Waste Management
Duration:
Ocfo/w    30    io    November    24,    1995    with    a    two    weeks    follow^ seminar in a developing country during spring 1996.
Location:               Gothenburg, Malmo and Stockholm
Vacancies;            25
Objectives:            To   strengthen   the   efficiency   competence   and   capacity   of   deie   ?r     ■ countries ro manage their solid wastes.
Co Ji tents:             •  Criteria for a sustainable society
•  Was re minimization, clean technology, life cycle analysis iLCA
•  Environmental and human hcalrh hazards
•  Solid waste management planning
•  Solid waste collection and transport
■ Solid waste treatment with special emphasis on biologic roetk< like composting, biologic reactors etc.
•  Groundwater protection at landfill sites. Environmental Impact Analysis
•  Field trips and case studies
larger group:       Senior officers in national and local authorities responsible for environmental protection and solid waste handling.
Closing date for application: July 15, 1995
Programme organizer:                              Chalmers Industriteknik
Address: Art: Christina Backman/Goran Svensson
Telephone: Telefax;
S-412 SB Goreborg, Sweden +46 31 772 40 00
+ 46 31 #2 74 21Wer Resources Management in Developing Countries
Conn 115:
I
h 
'■.Qsj
April IS to J a ne 2, 1995
Lund
25
• ro introduce a system analytic approach to water resources management
• to increase the awareness about rhe vulnerability of fresh water resources
• to discuss how sustainable and environmentally sound water management practices can be implemented under various hydrological and socio-economic conditions
• to show the importance of using appropriate and affordable techniques i.a. highlighting the potential advantages of environmental purification systems
•  Kon-technical dimensions of water management
• Hydrological problems under various hydrological regimes
• Integration of environmental assessments in water resources planning and management
■ Principles of affordable and environmentally sound urban water management
• TkatCr SU?P^ and sanitation in rural areas
« ie sustainability of irrigation and water storage projects environmental methods for water treatment
U P- Ac /rfor managers and officers with u B.Sc. (Eng.) or iorr«por?dj>rg 1 rs /ry degree, holding positions at national or levels within thi'tr
ri r
, j COMWto’<’s mater related administration.
jMcnr
DecemHe^l, 199-1
Lund University
Dept Water Resources Engineering Box 118, S-221 OO Lund, Sweden +46 46 10 89 85HEALTH CARE
International Maternal Health Care
1 )urarion:        April 4 to May 6 ivr/iV Sep/tw/w 11 to October 14,I'M
Location:              UppSj/cl
Vacancies:           25 each programme
Objectives:            To    provide    dir    participants    with    such    knowledge    and    sldktfut?- relevant    and    appropriate    in    strategies    to    enhance    maternal    vjnj.d and to reduce maternal morbidity.
Contents:               •   1 hr theory and practice of maternal health care in an 
international perspective
•    The   experience   gained   from   past   and   recent   development   in maternal health care
• The prevailing strategies to prevent maternal death and disease
•  The impact ot interventions for improved rnattrnal health cart-
•   The  role  nt  maternal  health  services  in  the  context  of  priman health care
•  The priority research leads in maternal health care
•  The development of appropriate technology in matrnijlliejlinat-
•  The evaluation of traditional birrh practices
•   ITie obstetric pathology of poverty
larger group; Researchers, senior obstetricians and senior midwifery f<fjLl"rY'-
'
|
C losing dare for application: December 31, 1994
Programme organizer: Department of obstetrics and gynaecology 
A
Address:
Telephone:
Telefax:
Uppsala University. Uppsala Akademiska Hospital
S-75I 85 Uppsala, Sweden +46 1 <S 66 57 65
+ 46 IS 97 75 
AINDUSTRY
• to broaden, develop and upgrade rhe participants’ knowledge
about methods for maintenance management and how
maintenance is integrated in production
•  to  review  maintenance  and  reliability  strategies  and  to  examine the techniques available to supporr them
•  to  examine  the  cost  benefits  of  implementing  new  maintenance systems  and  how  reliability  aspects  on  maintenance  can  reduce LCC (Life Cycle Cost)
•  to  provide  the  participants  with  an  opportunity  to  visit  rhe largest maintenance exhibition in Europe
(.outers:        Maintenance management and organization. Reliability concept,
Result oriented maintenance, Maintenance Strategics, Maintenance effectiveness, Equipment efficiency, Maintenance economy, Spare Parts Management, Maintenance strategies in practice, visit the exhibition "Maintenance -95" held in Stockholm. Industrial visits
maintenance manager in an industry, or who are involved in project
li r ’ * n
r
>r  industries or engaged in management activities, and also
tndtvtdttais who during the years 1984 - 1990, attended the
^■Icress; C orB3t,izer:             ISO Swedish Management Group Box 1 158, S-I8I 23 Lidingo, Sweden +46 8 731 42 60
+46 8 73 I 42 70 12689 MGROUPSManagement of Forests and Wood Industry
Duration:
1 ocation:
Vacancies:
Contents:
August 20 to September 16, 1995
Garpenberg, [ ppsala and L.bikbptng
25
•  ro broaden and upgrade the participants' professional k 
of sustained yield forestry
•  ro disseminate knowledge of, integration forcstry-indust
and production tailored ro rhe needs of the customer
•    to   provide   the   participants   with   wider   knowledge   and   dt understanding    of    the    need    for    environ    mental    considerarii forestry
•    to   provide   a   forum   tor   discussion   and   exchange   nf   expert between foresters and forest industry people
•     Management    methods    and    development    possibilities    for mechanical wood industry (mainly saw nulling I
• Plantation and sustained yield forestry
■ Integration forest - industry - market
•  Production tailored to the needs of the customer
•  Environmental considerations in forestry
•  Field trips and case studies
Target group: Employees in private and government agencies or enterprises forestry and mechanical wood industry holding nt least tee
equivalent of a ti.Sc. in engineering, economics or forestry, r* five years of working experience at top or middle manager™
lei el.
Closing dare for application: May 1, 1995
Programme organizer: Address;
Telephone:
Telefax:
Swedish  University  of Agricultural Science,  s SLU/SJMS,  Art: Kias Bengtsson,  Box  954, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
+ 46 IK 67 13 75 + 46 18 67 35 22Mining Technology
parion-
(■jeanoe*:
Objectives:
Cements;
April 3 tn June 9, 1995
laded
25
• to learn more about mechanized operations
• to integrate economical, safety and environmental aspects
• to improve total quality and international competitiveness
• to be better prepared for future demands on the mining industry
• Mining engineering
• Maintenance equipment management
• Mineral economics
• Industrial visits
• Project work
Tirtcc group: Mining engineers with a university degree in mining engineering and at least five years of professional experience (in particular from underground hard-rock operations) at a managerial level.
C'A g date for application: January 10, 1995
hcimmeorganizer:             CENTER - International Training and
Development Centre at
Lulea University of Technology S-971 87 Eulea, Sweden
+46 920 918 76
+ 46 920 990 20 80207 CENTER SOrganization and Management of Industrial Maintenance
Duration:
Location:
March   21   to   Mar   18   and   August   8   to   October   5,   /99f StocXr/jo/zrt
Vacancies:           2.5           programme
Objectives:          To   provide   rhe   participants   with   an   opportunity   fo   upgrade knowledge and retrain their skills in:
• Reliability engineering, maintainability engineering, fault diagnosis techniques, condition monitoring instrunicntartoa methods
• Operation analysis methods
•  Maintenance organization methods in Swedish industries
• Production and maintenance problems
• Designs of maintenance organizations and how to install and commission such systems
• Transfer of technology and know-how', personnel developirer resistance to change
Contents:            • Maintenance Management
• Maintenance Systems
• Maintenance Techniques
• Spare Parts
• Organization Planning and Control
• Procurement and CCC
• Application
• Industrial visits
•irgci group. Employees with direct responsibilities for maintenance activity " proditc tion managers, plant managers, maintenance managers. senior maintenance engineers or those engaged in maintenance management training, holding a degree from an engineering facH“) an ai mg at least five years of practical experience from tt'orr Within the field.
Closing date for application: I rogranime organizer: Address:
I telephone; Telefax: Telex.
: December 31, 1994 and May 15, J99_> re\^v ISO Swedish Management Group
Box 1158, S-1SI 23 Lidingo, Sweden 
+46 8 731 42 60 + 46 8 731 42 70 12689 MGROUPSitv  Leadersh’P Seminar
Qmww
May 29 to June 16, 199S
Stockholm
50
m broaden develop and upgrade the participants’ knowledge about methods and tools for total quality management
. to give the participants a good understanding of senior management’s role m quality leadership
# to provide the participants with an opportunity to visit industrial enterprises to experience how these enterprises deal with quality’ matters in practice
Company-wide quality control, Managing of quality, Economics of quality, Quality Improvement, Quality education and training, Quality’consulting, Quality on a national level, Developing countries and quality, Trends in the quality field, Industrial applications, ISO 9000, Industrial visits
liiRri group; Senior managers with at least 5 years of experience of quality at national level, productivity centres, standard institutes, management centres, ministries, government agencies, etc., as well as senior managers from industry, and also individuals who during the
years 1984 - 1990 attended the international training programmes on Total Quality MManage   a     ment (previous title Quality Control in
I              Wusfyy) in Sweden.
ISO Swedish Management Group Box 1158, S-181 23 Lidingo, Sweden +46 8 731 42 60
+ 46 8 731 42 70 12689 MGROUPS
MarCh 1S’ 1WStandardization - Management and Techni
Duration:         August 28 to September 29, 1995
Location: Vacancies* Objectives:
Contents:
Stockholm
30
• to advance the managerial capability of rhe participants
•  to give the participants broadened and increased knowledge field of integrated standardization
• to provide participants with applicable knowledge and te;ixi
for leading, developing and working within the fields of ,-Trrzj standardization in National Standards Bodies as well asir industries
•  to tie theoretical and practical knowledge together during ex visits to standardization bodies, laboratories and manufKtiiroij companies
• to discuss and analyse the presenr situation in the partldpt^' home countries as regards integrated standardization 
through country reports prepared and presented by participants
• Organization and scope of a National Standards Body anils company standardization department, respectively
• Standardization on international, regional national and cnnipj.- level
• .Administration of technical work, marketing, piuju . management, committee work, adopring/adapnngan >
of national, regional and international standards
• Relation standardization -metrology, testing,  J
t
<  ua’,tJ a'_ j
quality control, accreditation, certification ot pro uC 3' companies’ quality systems (integrated standardizaru ’
11
• International aspects on trade, standardization an harmonization 
.    , j..SiidJ
Target groups:
Closing date fo.
Programme organizer:
Address:
Telephone: Tclelax;
• Study visits to authorities, testing and certification o companies
Experienced personnel in National Standards Rodits and institutions. Senior technical officers/niantigers fro ’•
>r application; May 15, 1995
SIS SERVICE AB
(affiliated to SIS. the Swedish Standards Stockholm)
Box 3295, S-103 66 Stockholm, Sweden 
(
+46 S 61 3 52 00 
+ 46 8 613 53 21
Ip
 seminar on standardization
March 20 to April 4, 1995
.m discus and analyse rhe progress and shortcomings in rhe oarticipanrs’ home countries through special papers and country Lorrs prepared and presented by rhe participants
.            * to advance the managerial capability of rhe participants
I         • to upgrade and broaden rhe knowledge of rhe participants in the field of integrated standardization
• to increase mutual understanding of managerial problems and make possible rhe exchange of experience between rhe participants xvirhin the various disciplines of integrated standardization
tors:          • Special papers from participants as experts and country reports
•Standardization, international, regional and national
•Company standardization and cost benefits
• Accreditation, certification, testing, metrology
• Quality management, quality assesment
• Information and implementation
1^' ’HOUS purttcipnnts in the
trstffifHcr hrmir/ifHiHO
SIS SERVICE AB
((aaffffiilliiaattefd Cd tn CK K
+46 8 613 52 00 + 46 8 613 53 21
ee---------- jj..__jj__ ’ '
nnssfr nriutt oonn(
jjjj
*Total Quality Management
Duration:
February 28 fo April 2 ami Angus! IS tn October 12. 1'w
1 ocation:
Stockholm
Vacancies:
2 f each programme
Objectives:
•  ro broaden and upgrade the participants’ professional
m the field of total quality management
•  to provide the participants with an opportunity to obtain 
practical experience in the application of quality manaisenir'',-:
quality control techniques, systems and principles in inttatr.
•  to give the participants a good understanding of quality 
improvement and cost reduction
•  to give the participants a sound knowledge of quality pbrnrq 
and quality leadership
Contents:                Basic concepts, Statistical tools in quality control, Afetroiogy,
Inspection,  Reliability  and  dependability,  New-product quality, Qualify  specifications,  Supplier relations,  Manufacture of qud.r. Customer relations.  Quality  Audit,  Economics of quality,  Qumi data,  Improving  quality,  Human  factors in  quality,  Quality  pnh' and  objectives.  Quality  system.  Organization  lor quality.  Qcsl fl consulting, Developing countries and quality, Industrial visits.
g 'OUP:
chemistry. pha^ry, which broei b                ’ A< ""Suvcrnmenta/ or private organization
Closing date for application: December 15, I 994 and May 1 5, 1995 resp^'l:',LI'
■»■ «
Programme organizer:
Address:
Telephone:
Telefax:
Telex:
ISO Swedish Management Group Box 1 158, S-l 81 23 Lidingd, Sweden +46 8 731 42 60
+ 46 8 73 I 42 70 12689 MGROUP SSOCIAL SCIENCES _
To present rhe fundamental characteristics of Western legal
£5  thinking and to discuss the possibilities of their implementation in 
|            the economic, social and cultural environment of developing
’            countries.
• Major legal systems in the world today
S :         * Functions of rhe legal system and the rille of law
• Sources of law
• Roles of different categories of lawyers
■ l egal foundations of marker economy
• l ectures, discussions and study visits
=Woup:   Lawyers   (judges,   prosecutors,   officials   in   rhe   administration,   private attorneys,   etc   J   from   developing   countries   with   limited   experience   of
a market’Onented and liberal society.
^ate for application: January 21, 1995
organizer:
Swedish Institute for Legal Development
Arsenalsgatan 
6, 
111   47   Stockholm,   Sweden 
+46 8 678 78 78
+ 46 8 61 I 46 30Conflict Resolution
Duration:
April 24 to June
I, 1995
Location:
Uppsala
Vacancies:
25
Objectives:
• To strengthen 
the
capacity for the study and reaching ofconfe
analysis and conflict resolution.
• to disseminate recent advances in peace and conflict research,
• io convey an understanding of national and international
mechanisms, institutions and models for conflict resolution.
Contents:            • The theory and practice of peaceful management and resolution^
major armed conflicts between and within stares,
• the trends and origins of contemporary patterns of conflict, ui:h: particular focus on regional and domestic conflicts in the Third 
World and Eastern Europe,
• ways of solving conflict in orderly, equitable and durable nunrm
larger group: Academics in social sciences, particularly lecturers and researching universitities and research institutes working in relevant arras, a*
as.   international   relations,   international   law.   development   stndese peace research.
Closing date for application: January 16, 1995
Programme organizer:                  Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University
+ 46 1 R 69 5 1 02Rights
1395
I
Cffltnn:
/jind
26
To give extended knowledge within the field of Human Rights and to give the participants such competence that they, after having completed the programme, will be able re conduct training in human rights in their respective countries.
•  • CEcivionom l and Pic, Soloc iticiaall a Rnd C ight ul s tural Rights and the Right to Development
• Human Rights Monitoring Systems
• Human Rights in Armed Conflicts
• Humanitarian Law
• Refugee Law
Eroup. Senior civil servants in public service (government, central police an  prison authorities), and academics in the fields of W. social fences and other related areas,
January 15,1995
’ Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and L
I
r?^e;
Humanitarian Law, Lund University
Sankt Annegatan 4, S-223 50 Lund’ Sweden +46 46 10 31 47 
+46 46 10 44 45The Equal Status and Human Rights of Women
Duration:
September 25 to October 13, 1995
Location:
Lund
Vacancies:
2.5
Objectives;
To give extended knowledge within rhe field of Human Righn focusing mainly on rights and rules that seek to establish or ar
achieving equaliry between women and men. The course covers
human rights protection of women in all pertinent areas, thus
encompassing civil and political, and economic and social ngfa.
Contents:
• Human Rights and Gender Issues
•  International Standards of Equality'
•  Policies aiming at enhancing gender equality
1 arget group: Women’s organizations, senior staff members of government agencies responsible for equality issues, and researches dealtngic gender and related issues,
Closing date for application:
Programme organizer:
Add ress:
Telephone:
Telefax:
July 1,1995
Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Lund University
Sankt Annegatan 4, S-223 50 Lund, Sweden +46 46 10 31 47
+ 46 46 10 44 45I
> and Democracy
ton? 24 to May 19, 1995
' S^ra.d Stockholm
20 ,
. Promoting exchange of experiences and contacts between Journalists from different parts of the world 
. Conveying an understanding of current working conditions for journalists in different social and political systems
• Strengthening the position of the free press
The programme focuses on:
• The function of the press in democratic processes
• The conditions for rhe media in different countries
• Ideology and ethics of rhe press, news evaluation and working methods
felr-itfr;
I UP'
. 
2^' r°r apPlication: organizer:
Lectures, discussions and practical work will cover rhe following issues:
•Journalism and Democracy - exploring the issues and making an inventory
• Journalism and politics in practice — Sweden as an example
• Joumalisrs ar work - a study project
• Global survival and journalistic strategies
^.tors ^th extended experience from press, radio ’ Preferably holding key positions.
December 1, 1994
Institute for Further Education of Journalists, Kalmar University College
SCn 42’ S'392 35 Kalmar, Sweden +46 480 976 00
N ?J7 y?
o
+ 46 480 874 39Women in Journalism
Duration: September 25 tn October 13, 
Location:            Kalmar and Stockholm
Vacancies:           20
1995
Objectives:           • Promoting exchange of experiences and contacts between journalists from different parts of the world
■ Analysing the si rution for women journalists in rhenewstoGc and the images of women presented in the media
•  Strengthening the position of women journalists in rhe medi* The programme focuses on:
•  The function of the press in democratic processes
•   The conditions for women in the media in different country
• Ideology arid ethics of the press, news evaluation and wurE i
n
Contents:
Target group:
methods
Lectures,   discussions   and   practical   work   will   cover   rhe   foJi'mvs issues:
*   Women,   journalism   and   democracy   —   exploring   the   issues   jm making an inventory
• Journalism and politics in practice — Sweden as an example
* Journalists at work - a field study
•  Media and gender - strategics for the future
Women    fpttmalists;    reporters    and    editors    working    u'ith radio or TV.
Closing  date lor application!
Programme organizer;
April 29, 1 995
FQJO,  Institute for Further Education  of louHJ ‘ i
Address:
Telephone:
Telefax:
Kalmar University College.
Norm   vagen   42,   5-392 
35 
Kalmar,   Sweden 
+46 480 976 00
+ 46 480 874 39 Otelecommunications ,. | Network Management
April IS to May J
-        9   - z-i
^nd Aky 22 to/nwr 2/. 1995
Ilf
T1
xj.jtstni- A*lpnl
3bjeccivcs:
Kalmar
2S each programme
To define and describe questions concerning management of
I
Cnwr.ti:
operation and maintenance in a telecoms organisation with emphasis and changes that are necessary due to implementation ut digital techniques.
• Management of operation and maintenance of digital networks
• Maintenance targets, procedures and total quality concept
• Maintenance organization, budgets and duties, network management
• Introduction of ISDN into telecommunication networks
• Software changes, exchange data and documentation fin relation ro AXE-technology)
• Human Resource Development in digital environment
tgc group: Managers OH middle management level in charge af operation and maintenance of SPG-exchanges as seed as transmission systems ns a digital network, preferably with a B.Sc. in engineering.
date f< lJr application: January 16. 1995 (for both programmes} 5&Enm™» 
L^resfc
■ fT'hnne- 'rltrix;
organizer;
Swedrcl Academy AB
Telcskolan. Box 8 14, S-391 28 Kalmar, Sweden +46 480 802 53
+ 46 480 299 05
I
iOperational Management in Telecommunication
Duration:             August 15       to October 5, 1995
Location:             Kalmar
Vacancies:          25
Objectives:            • to familiarize the participants with methods and svstm, available for controlling rhe operation of a modem telecommunication network
•  to give the participants the basic information needed hr introducing a suitable managerial control system in their hew administration, with the aim of improving customer seme# planning of work, execution of work and cost follow-upetc.
Contents:               • Methods and systems available for controlling the operation modern telecommunication network
•  Information needed tor managerial control systems with rhea of improving customer service, planning of work, cxecutnec: work and following-up cost
Target group: Managerial and supervisory staff at senior levels within lutwu telecoms administrations working with operation and mdntM- installation, customer service and project engineering of telto^ network.
Closing dare for application: May 2, 1995
Programme organizer:
Address:
Telephone:
Telefax:
Swedtel Acadeinv AB
Teleskolan, Box 814, S-391 28 Kalmar. Swede: +46 480 802 53
+ 46 480 299 05             a^communication Management
Duration
Wivjncif^
0b| relives:
H f" September 21. 1W
Kalmar
25
To discuss, analyse and practice
* how a Telecom organisation meets rhe marker of a modern society'
* solutions to effective management in steering and control * simulation models applicable in rhe fields of economic jr.d 
financial viability
* methods for strategic and operational management
Uirrnis:         • Objectives regarding customer services, development strategy, profitability' etc.
• Effective management, leadership and decision simulations
• Administrative methods and aids applicable ro planning, programming and supervision
• Total quality concept including Risk Management
• Discussions and interchange of experience among different administrations
11  ,^i group: Mtuwgers ur a senior level in national telecoms administrations tvith several years of managerial experience and university
.                      Qualification corresponding to at least a B.Sc, l |)!l|ng date for application: Mav 2, 1995
"pgramnu: -organizer. A adrets:
; slePhone:
Swe’drel Academv AB
Tdeskolan, Box SI4, S 391 28 Kalmar, Sweden +46 481) 802 53
+ 46 4S0 299 05Telecoms Outside Plant
Duration:            April LS to ftnte /,
[.oca r ion:
Vacancies:
Stockholm and Kalmar
Objectives:          •  to give the participants increased knowledge in planning installation, operation and maintenance regarding a modern telecommunication network
•  to provide information about materials, instruments and tona being used in an expanding network
< unreins:             •  Theoretical and practical knowdedge in planning, nperation xid maintenance regarding outside plant tn a rclecoms network
•  Material, tools arid instruments
•  Introduction of new technology
•  Training and course development with emphasis on upplk-inkj
io telecoms outside plant
Target group: I'.inployees working with planning, design and supervision Pa outside plant network in national telecoms administrations.
(..losing date lor application:
Programme organizer:
Address:
Telephone:
Telefax:
January 16. 1995
Swedtel Academy AB
Telcskolan, Box 8 14. S-391 28 Kalmar, Sweden +46 480 802 53
ETelecoms Quality Management
DurJtinn:
Vacancies;
Ohectivrs:
Contents:
February 28 to March 16 and September 26 to October 12, /99t
Kdlntar
25 each programme
• ro describe and exemplify how a telecom organisation can improve business by strategic quality- planning
• to study different cools to be used in rhe quality improvement process
• ro analyse and formulate the implications of quality management
• to discuss and analyse the role of rhe management and special/ the managers contribution to master quality
• The quality improvement process
• Strategic quality planning
•  Working with process improvements
• Quality systems
• Measurements of improvements
• Implementation of a quality culture in a telecom organization
•  Leading a telecom organization for quality and customer focus
- - -
q.. ■
(
UP
on a senior level in national telecoms administrations.
I
♦
C$5 ;
kphnne-
organijx^Cat^On: -^anuar' an^ May 2, 1.995 respectively
Swedrel Academy AB
Teleskolan,  Box  8  14.  SJ91  28  Kalmar,  Sweden + 46 480 802 53
+ 46 480 299 05_____ ________ TRANSPORT Organization and Management of Road Maintenance
Duration:
location:
Vacancies:
AdgMsf 22 to September 22, /99J Stockholm, 1 inkophig and Horldnge 25
Objectives:         • to recognize maintenance as a recurrent process which is
tu.t I y its environment - physically and politically
• to improve the ability of course participants to lead and dt-icbr W their maintenance organizations, and to use available resumes efficiently
Contents:            • Strategic planning of road maintenance
• Deficiencies and remedies through alternative combination of measures
’ Cost-benefit analysis and management through budgeting
• Plant management and procurement
• Road safety
Target group; Engineers in management position teith at least 5 years o/ experience in central and provincial road administrations, dries M municipalities e.g. deputy road directors, maintenance engineers, toicn engineers and senior maintenance technicians.
Closing date for application:
Programme organizer:
Address:
I elephone: Telefax:
May 15, 1995
Swedish National Road Consulting AB
Swe Road, Box 4202, S-l 71 04 Soina. Sweden +46 8 757 69 80
+ 46 8 29 46 89jjjlway Maintenance Management
jufjtioH::
• to broaden and develop the participants’ technical and managerial
skills and know-how in railway maintenance
• to introduce recent developments in the field of railway
maintenance techniques
• to provide information about the adequate organization oi
railway  maintenance  with  due  regard  to  quality  and  cost  aspects
• to improve the participants
up cost effective railway maintenance work
>
.   . . .            ■            i           i / I 4
plan, conduct and follow
• to inform about a maintenance concept based on life cycle costs
• to inform the participants of computerized maintenance management systems
customer
• Effective modern railway management, administranon a
supervision /
• Aspects on organization and management o mat
resources
• The marketing of railway services, oper
.     ■ „nnnce
i kuciness
• Techniques and methods for maintenance
orientation 
, 
j  _  lbiliution or
rhRoad and Traffic Management
Duration:                   May 9 to June 16. 1995
Location:
Vacancies:
Objectives:
Stockholm, I inkoping, Gothenburg and Borlange
25
Management      through      personal      development      and      system      oriented theories.
Contents:                   •  Management and organization
•  Road planning and management
•  Road safety
•  Procurement
Target group: Upper management level officers with  5-10  years of experience in  central and  provincial road  administration  who  are university graduates (but not necessarily with a technical degree}.
Closing dare lor application:
Programme organizer:
Address:
Telephone:
Telefax:
February I, 1995
Swedish National Road Consulting AB SweRoad, Box 4202, S-171 04 Soina, Sweden +46 8 757 69 80Traffic Safety Management
Awgwsf fo September I 7, 19^S
Linkbping, (iothenburg and Stockholm
^cation:         7ff
fjcinci^:          -*
['ves- To educate and train the participants how ro set up traffic safety 0Hl[3cv progfaTnrTlt.fi on a national, regional or local level
The Road Safety problem and methods how to improve safety and make priorities of safety' investments. The course covers the following topics:
• Traffic and accident statistics
•  Data collection methods
•  Road user education and campaining
• Traffic engineering and control
•  Economic, traffic safety and environment
•  I raffic safety research
• Traffic police management
group: These holding supervisory or managerial positions m traffic safety authorities.
B
p??  ^Jte lor application:
' Irnflle organizer:
June 16,1995
National Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute (VTII
S-58 I 95 I.mkoping, Sweden +46 13 13 69 39 
+ 46 13 12 61 62S\x IDlSH BOARD J OK INA I slAIINf
AND IK I INK Al SUITOR I
P<>st.il jddros
B<»\ **SI”
s HB 9S So <k holm Sweden
\ Kiting jJJro*
Ihmncjfan 6
Telephone
Nj! OS* 6”s SO (10
In? • 46 S 6'S‘ <11 on
Tdrht
\j| »/> *’< St) ' '
Inf Uh s *»"S <L*
-     v\rFifth United Nations International
Training Course on Remote Sensing
Education for Educators
danced International Training Programme in Stockholm and Kiruna, 2 May - 9 June, 1995
organised in co-operation with the Government of
0/*-
Vi
BITS
/
✓
SWEDISH BOARD FOR ANDncHNICALSITPPORlINVITATION
and  social development.  In  fulfilling  its responsibility,  BITS supports t^^^^ knowledge and  know-how including  concessionary  financing  of invest C °f from Sweden  to  specified  low and  middle income countries.  BITS also™^ Pr°’ects transformation process and environmental protection in Central and East^15^
BITS     operates     through     four     main     programmes     based     on     conwetitivT^/1* technology available in Sweden:                                                                                            lc«and
•   International training programmes
•  Technical cooperation
•   Cooperation with Central and Eastern Europe
•   Concessionary credits
Knowledge about the earth’s natural resources is a necessary prerequisite for careful resource management. This need is perhaps especially great in developing countries. 
This course aims at increasing the understanding of one practical method for resource management, i.e. remote sensing.
The curriculum has its emphasis on visual remote sensing techniques and is intended for educators in natural and physical sciences at universities and technical colleges. 
We hope that this programme will correspond with your training needs and here y invite you to apply for admission to the course.
BITS (Swedish Board for Investment  and  Technical Support)
Adigun Ade Abiodun
Expert on Space Applications Office for Outer Space Affairs United Nations
President
Stockholm
Universityapplication form
Typewriting or
block letters
(Na<ne of applicant's dapartment/organiiation/equivalent)
Please attach
a recent
photography
here
pcminate5
(Name of applicant)
to the course:
Fifth United Nations International Training Course
on Remote Sensing Education for Educators.
May 2 - June 9, 1995, being organized in co-operation with the Government of Sweden, co-sponsored by BITS, the Swedish Board for Investment and Technical Support
Remarks
Date
This nomination is approved by
Tbs nomination is approved by in accordance with
^iocal rules
Hoed of nominating dapartment/organization/aquivaient
(Name and signature)
Noma of approving authority
Name and signature
----------------------------- ■
lA1EB
M APPLICATION SHOULD REACH THE NEA
3A JANUARY, A995.
" are selected, you will be notified '®J^on bY te'0<a*' *ptance to attend within a week, of no
OFFICIAL USE UNDP OFFICE on language capability  * -------
f m your
con ir
*
cc
You must th °
ec
Name/TitleEDUCATION (start with last attended institution and work backwards! PLEASEENCLOSE CERTIFIED COPIES (NOTORIGINALS!) OfRELEVANT UNIVERSITY CERHRCa~;
Name of institution and place of study
Years of study: from-to                Major Ms of study
________
L
List any relevant publications you have written (do not attachl)From                To
Z"'*
Description  of  your  work,  includinp  yOur    p.f,on8) responsibilities:
tnd FULL ADDRESS of employer:NNaammee ooff ccaannddiiddaattee::                                                                                     ’
ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND SPEECH:
Understands without difficulty when addressed at normal rate Understands almost everythinB if addressed slowly and carefully
[~| n*<iulr«» frequent repetition and/or translation of words and
phrases
ABILITY TO WRITE:
Writes with ease and accuracy
Writes slowly and/or with a moderate dogree of accuracy | Writes with difficulty and makes frequent mistakes
Remarks:
degree from Engii.h-^^
ABILITY TO SPEAK:
Speaks fluently .nd accurately and I. ...Sy .nr.u^,
Speaks Intelligibly but is not fluent or aftofl.tb.,
[ j Speaks haltingly and >s often at a loss for word, and ph,,H
reading ability and comprehension^
j J Reads fluently, with full comprehension
p Reads slowly, but understands almost avsrytNng
[ | Translates with difficulty, and only with frequant racourwto
the dictionary
Language test has been made by: _______________________________________________________ ______ _______________ Title:
Address incl. fax number:
Date and signature
MEDICAL REPORT - Certification of examining physician
Name of candidate:
to the person examined at present in Oood health end enjoying full workng eapecrty?
Is the person exammod physically and mentally able to carry on intensive (reeling away from hra/her home?  J | B the person examined free from mfec.ious dieses (fo, —
_I
both the candidate end h.s
Does the person examined havo eny conor
wh.h might r^e —
Examining Physician. —_------------------------
Place:
Address end fax number (prmted):
Date:
, - - ~”p
---------------- 1——„ —» -• ""
a
. ,    entire tr.imng pro remm.
hB
0
,f se-ected " - P—.pent I undent to —
Date___ PARTICIPATION
linit* participants. It is tutors from developing
with a minimum of three years countries          teachers at universities
ease studies from Africa. South-East Asia and I atm America under the guidance of researchers familiar with the case study
areas.
______ APPLICATION---------------
( losing date f-r the appl.cjr.on* tv Hnuirv II. 1995, when all applications
nu.st h ive reached the nearest United
7JZ"’'<‘’ili^Can^d-',csshT,ki
J    I   least   1   Master's   degree   in   their
XX,n
p mcular-fcmale
,cachcrs
7rt encouraged to apply.
_____ OBJECTIVES
Pw num objectives of the course at to develop practical knowledge and d ills o teducators from developing countries ai remote sensing technology’ and to equip them with the skills needed to introduce the discipline into the education il pro grammes in their own countries
---------- CONTENT ——-----------
The course consists of the sections listed below. The number of days spent on each vctionand main items are given. (changes ®the programme may he made without prior notice.
Action 1 - Introduction. 1 day.
\ fctlOn // _ Fundamental priciples.
p flntiplcs of electromagnetic radiation. ^’t0Rraphy, optics and electronic
* maRc geometry, cartography and 1 CnAat’C rnaPP’ g- Barth resources
Section IV - Digital image processing and analysis/geographical information
systems (GIS). 7 days.
Digital analysis theory. Image enhance ment theory. GIS theory. Exercises in the use of computer-aided analysis and GIS. Visit at Swedesurvey head offices inGavle.
Section   V   -   Remote   sensing   applica tions. 9 days.
Field work exercise. Visits at receiving stations and SSC Satellithild head offices in Kiruna. Practical group exercises in visual interpretation using material from the participants’ home countries. Presen tations of results from exercises.
Section VI - Needs of the user. 1 day. Copyright  regulations,  costs  of  data,  data acquisition,   the   relation   between   usage and  choice  of  product.  Future  trends  in third world-related issues.
Section  VII  -  Remote  sensing  education and project management. 3 days.
Planning   of   remote   sensing   education.
Project management.
Section   VIII-Summary   and   courseevatu-
ation. I day.
teaching
\ mons Development Programme office
,\t each applicant. Each application, in-
eludi
ng a rece
nt pho
tograph, m
ust
be
,Jc
on
the
special
form
enclosed
or
a
copy rhcrcot.
I  he  English  language  rest  in  the  appli cation     form     must     be     completed     unless tin- applicant s mother tongue is English
• 
r rhe applicant has a degree (Bachelor’s.
n
:he cnv,ron,ncntal satellites including
ra
Ut|0^^  ^
ar satcllites. Image interpre-
The course is held m Stockholm.
1 he course •»*
Skinnskatreberg and Mruna. • are given by researchers from t
lectures
4 days.
///
interpretation.
Invcntori n l^C use ’magery for biomass
^usc'V' aRr’Cuhural applications,
men: of Physical
Satellitbild staff and other invited (-
ncipantv       from       other       countries,       the respective fees arc
Participation tee:                              SEA 5J,|(>0 Fee for accommodation and meals.
SEK     W.8<M) 7SEK = I USD October 1994.
Inrernarpyoji    travel    costs    to    and    from Sweden    and    costs    tor    personal   expenses are    not    included.    Each    pamopant    should arrange    for    transport    from    his/her    home country     to     Arlanda     Airport,     Stockholm. Sweden,    as    well    as    for    funds    covering personal    expenses    while    in    Sweden.
Participants       from       developing       coun tries   may   have   the   costs   for   international travel covered under rhe pf'grammr
------ ACCOMMODATION-----------
The participants will be
in single rooms, except during rhe field work exercise, when accommodation wJJ be simple. Participants cannot bring family members No self-La undry or cooking facilities will be available ar the hotels.
---------------- VISAS--------------------
If    required,    participants    should    obtain    a single   entry   visa   m   Sweden   valid   tor   the whole   duration   of   the   course,   allowing   a few  extra  day  s  before  and  after  the  course. Applicants    are   therefore   advised   to   make preliminary   enquiries   at   the   nearest   Swed ish   embassy   already   a:   the   time   of   appli cation.
After  the  course,  pa  me  i  pants  may  wish to  visit  ocher  counmcs  on  their  way  home. Any    visas    required    should    normally    he obtained before leaving for Sweden.
----- GROUP INSURANCE----------
All participants are covered by a group insurance for the duration of rhe course The insurance includes costs for medical
cialists.
.
l °r,nn lhPi
ann n
j & environmental moni-
1 geo|ogica| studies. Work with
Lectures, exercises and
cover at least 40 hours per
group
week.
Master’s or Ph. D. I from an English-speak
ing university. Certified documentation
of such a degree should be enclosed.
\pplications lacking in this respect will
be disregarded.
Applications      without      properly      comp leted medical reports will be disregarded.
Selected        participants        and       back-up candidates   will    be    notified   by    telex,    fax or     cable     nor     later     than     February     28,
1995.     Confirmation     of     acceptance     must reach     Stockholm     University     within     one week   of   notification.   Failure   in   this   will lead   to   the   place   being   considered   vacant and offered to another candidate.
-------------- COST OF---------------- PARTICIPATION
The cost of the programme is divided into two parts. Participation fee and Fee
for accommodation and meals. The articipation fee includes tuition, visits
and local transport within rhe programme, course literature and documents, general
group insurance and certain social activi ties. The fee for accommodation and
mea s only covers rhe cost of accommo
anon and meals. Thus, no extras dike
e pocket money) are included.
•   artlc’Pancs from developing coun-
rh                ^ave Participation fee and
c ..v . cc. ac-commodation and meals erec! under the programme. For par-
care in case of acute illness or accidentsSweden in brief
People and climate
^Tct?cn ,S 3 sPars5b' populated country of 8.6 million
foun^lX'Vn Eu;<"p °
c
r,hCrn
" *'
constant changes in the weather. During the winter, north
cm Sweden is always mow-covered. Average
^<£CL
J /,a G and in rhe winter ~3,1° C.
afUr C
J
,n      Stockholm,    rhe    capital,    is    in    the    summer
. _ Northern Sweden is often called the Land of rhe
Midnight Sun. because the sun never sets around mid
summer.
Government
Sweden is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary form of government. Sweden has had universal suffrage since 1 92 1 and rhe voting age is 1 8.
Natural resources
Sweden has rich natural resources of forest, water power, iron ore and other minerals bur lacks significant oil and
coal deposits.
Industry
In the last I 00 years Sweden has developed from a largely agrarian country to one where only 4 % of the labour force is in agriculture.
Today    Sweden    is    an    industrialised    country.    It    began around   1870,   stimulated   by   foreign   capital   and   the   con struction    ot    state    owned    railways.    Initially,    raw    materials and    semi-manufacture    goods    dominated    the    export    trade bur    finished    goods,    mainly    based    on    Swedish    technical innovations,   have   assumed   an   increasing   role.   Engineering products,    such    as    cars,    trucks,    machinery,    elecrrical    and telecommunications     equipment,     have     rapidly     gained     new
markets.
SUNDSVALL
SWEDEN
0 SKINNSKATTEBERG
OCKHOLM
Income levels
.      ..       .
amini . for 1 nile industrial worker in 
„ ere a bout SEK 74, which means a gross            «
rouchh SEK 1J6.000 a year. (SEK 100 = LSD Average family income is generally
'S- -« “d *h-
vacation is 5 weeks.
I-
schooling are “^P“‘ ° ^°
sr
tro
£^7 "o’
starting ar the age of vcr
years of upper secondary
s h<>o
?
Uu     fi
jng                        among
rmX XgE and piov.de free instruction, books
Sweden. Ot the students
___ ___________ ______________ _
’ .    . 990 Cn.fd
education Swed
4
school.     35     ‘,VO"'U1,,C       r«     but     srudenrs     pay     tor     course
ish higher ed“ujn*’'1 1
literature and room and noart.
. board. Grants and loans are
eol^S"-
<•>
available to the students.
n^: »
r
holm University-
SECRETARIAT
Address for communicinons w.fo .£€»«£
• 
s 106 91 Stockholm,'
46 8 16 20 00 Te ',eph«lOsV^ UNIVERS
S16« IS
'-ss:'
Course  D.rector:   Professor  ^8Asvarn
h
z fc-nct Lunde0
Course Administrator. M1
fl
I
F 1
WATER RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
^vanced International Training Programme in April 18 - June 2,1995
Lund, Sweden
BITS
x /
L
SWEDISH BOARD FOR INVESTMENT
AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT_  o n — 
__
 (ATechnica^ Support - is a Government a^r.e, 
tq the SwedishB  oat
.     investment anu 
j
ate  of promoting economic anc
W  d J he M                for
£
o
c reign M(nr   *aiis’ W''\.r of knowledge and know-how mdufa, 
sssstess’ „*
s
 the «an^ °™ ccrtain low and ™Me ,KW,.
. internat'ona'
. Technical cooperate
•    Concessionary credits
•    Cooperation with Eastern and Central Europe
Water plays an  extremely  important role in  man’s life not only  because it is indispensable for sustenance of life but also  due to  its metabolic importance in  a wider sense.  Thus water is a necessity  for agriculture and  for the development of most industries.  Today  more than one billion  people live without safe access to  clean  water and  witout acceptable samtan facilities.  Water resources development and  management therefore stand  out as most urgent tasks for social development by increasing social well being and the quality ot life.
Sweden is a country with substantial water resources and thus - in a global perspective —with negligible water supply' problems. Swedish experts and industries have however
been engaged in various water projects and other water related activities all over the world for many years. Consequently BIT S is sponsoring an Advanced International Training 
Programme in Water Resources Management for the foruteenth year in sequence. The programme will be confined to water resources management in developing countries.
BITS has charged the Department of Water Resources Engineering, Institute o. Technology, Lund University with rhe task of carrying out rhe programme.
The training programme, which is conducted in English, is designed for t on3| positions as administrators in the areas of water supply and/or sanitation on a
or regional level. 
We arc confident that the programme will be of interest to you an to nominate candidates.
.. invite you
November 1994
Director General BITS
Boel Flodgren Vice-Chancellor Lunds UniversitySTUDY programme----------------------
session will be led by either The         Visiting Staff. Generally each
^11 k responsible tor 1 to 2 days lecturer • Aftera brief introduction of
Afield rbe Iecturer wiH deve,oP as~
of ^her arca of sPeciallzatlon ,n
^•detail. Participants are encouraged
active part in the lectures.
to
wrw RESOURCES PLANNING
MD MANAGEMENT
1 i water resources in a global context
2
• the role of water in a sustainable development
• cost, value and demand of water
Mornings     are     normally     devoted     to     semi nars      and      lectures      in      plenaries.      Afternoons are     allocated     to     case     studies,     covering     the topics    of    the    course.    Emphasis    will    be    laid on    studies    of    cases    presented    by    the    partici pants     on     water     related     problems     in     their respective countries.
SANITATION
water treatment
low cost sanitation 
solid waste management health aspects
social and cultural aspects
.        ™«
nM   y sound
ll .
water            manage
•“*"JW««ha„dsystemana|vsis
'X'crang'"«—ccsmana.
HYDROLOGY
• hydrological processes infuenced by climate
' hydrological processes in humid tropics
IRRIGATION
•    water requirements
•    salinity and drainage problems
•    environmental and socio-economic aspects
• hydrological regions
processes in semi-arid
• hydrological methods for analysis of data ’ whan hydrological processes
• 6 °und water hydrology
:
Wr SUPPLY
^yrface and ground water devel Wltcr quality problems
‘/’^demand
^ utl$'cation technology
• . T d'&tr'bution systems water
°pment
ENVIRONMENTAL HYDROLOGY
•    rural problems, new developments
•    urban problems, future perspectives
•    interaction between the city and the surrounding land
•    environmental methods for water treatment
•    the effect of global change on water resources
environmental assessment for water
projects'•
----- invitation
'
;
I I n me transformatton 
■p.-rates ’hr.»..Kh f.,ur „„
international training programmes
•     I ethnical cooperation
•  < ooperation with Central and Eastern Europe
•    < oiKcssionury credits
bawd 
Re hed low and rmddk max* ‘■"'■'""men. pr.-eenrrn
...... ... jnd
and a“cp,3hk ................................. ................ . --•
Ehe  development  and  growth  of  urban  areas  is  closely  linked  to  the  development  and  standards of  l  he  infrastructure,  where  the  maintenance  of  high  quality  water  distribution  as  well  as  waste  water collection   and   treatment   systems   is   essential.   The   management   of   these   systems   requires   not   onlv knowledge   of   the   construction   process   but   also   knowledge   of   legislation,   operation,   m.untcnansc and financing.
Sweden  has  a  long  tradition  ot  managing  water  supply  and  waste  water  disposal.  \  large  majontv of   the   inhabitants   is   served   b>   public   water   distribution   and   sewage   collection   svstems   Swedish experts  and  companies  have  also  been  engaged  in  different  water  and  sewage  protests  all  over  the world for many vears.
In co-operation with ( ha liners University of Icslmology and Gotcborg Water Sewage Works
a programme covering the Management of I Irban Water Supply and Waste Water Systems sponsored bv BITS has been developed. The main purpose ot this programme is to assist authorities m developing eounrries in rhe good management ..I water supply and waste water systems m arts. 
The training programme. in I ngltslt. will he et.ndue.ed by OT. ... sh.se swoperamm engineers in the areas of large urban water supply and/or waste water
Goreborg, February 1994training programme
. ,  mstruction will be used.
(r
j iaTurrs. group discussion. case
should  he submitted  with  the application  form. Nominated  participants will be required  to  sub mit a full paper of 4  to  maximum 7  A4-pages, 
!:
 rjnrs in- required to prepare a
“ srts
- .
including    figures.    The
case    studies    will    be    pre
he <’nrjniz.inon of rhe water ^^.r.vunm md a case study related
r  . jnJ ".isre water. The case study i- \teJ ro any of rhe subjects below
. x J!*d 10 inir,‘,rc discussion during cvnip discussions. A summary of
and j sketch of rhe organization
—xnxtivn
v rt orremonv
i jnd guidelines rocirjl protection
hreene
x health
■Jonon
■' ,r-d ’tr.itegics -njanon structure
^n.>n mjnj^ment <rv.ee
I, k
C ^u,re,^cnts
s
s^0ffinancing
‘.Ntkjn a,n‘Cn’nce
...
•li. •
%
h
R Of
•nt ’ker <
Urbani2atio
n
sented   in   the   form   of   seminars   during   the   train ing programme.
The     programme     extends     over     six     weeks     and is    divided    into    the    following    subjects.    The    order in   which   the   topics   are   presented   below   may   not follow the consecutive order of the programme.
Water hygiene
Water quality aspects
Water quality criteria
Waterborne diseases
Desinfection
Social aspects
Envolvement of the consumers
Adaption of techniques to local conditions Staff issues
Job descriptions
Responsibility
Training
Labour unions
Techniques for
_.... tor water supply and waste water disposal
Drinking water production
Water   distribution 
Waste water treatment
Waste  water  collection 
Standards
Special issues
Sludge disposal
Sludge quality requirements Industrial   connections Toxicological effects
Study visits
Visits to water and waste water works Manufacturers and authorities
Case studiesSWEDEN IN BRIEF
Sweden is  a sparoly  populated country  with 8.6 million inhabitants, situated in northern Europe. Its  land area is  the fourth largest in Europe.
lite   Swedish   climate   is   much   milder   than   in other  places  of  corresponding  latitudes.  The  typi cal   features   arc   constant   changes   in   weather. Sweden  is  a  constitutional  monarchy  with  a  par hamentary   form   of   government.   Sweden   hjs   had universal suffrage since 1921.
Sweden   has   rich   natural   resources   of   forest, water   power,   iron   ore   and   other   minerals   hut lacks significant oil and coal deposits.
In  the  last  100  years  Sweden  has  developed from  a  largely  agrarian  country’  to  one  where  only 4‘\>    of    the    labour    force    is    within    agriculture. Today   Sweden   is   an   industrialized   country.   Ini tially.   raw   materialsand   semi-manufactured   goods dominated   the   export   trade,   bur   finished   goods, mainly   based   on   Swedish   technical   innovations, have    assumed    an    increasing    role.    Engineering products,  such  as  cars,  trucks,  machinery,  electri cal   and   telecommunication   equipment   have   rap idly gained new markets.
GOTHENBURG
The city  of Gothenburg (Goteborg) was  founded in 1621 on the West Coast of Sweden. Gothenburg is  now the second largest city' in Sweden with a population of half a million people. It is Scandinavia's  principal port and the site of the Head Offices  of many  of Scandinavia's  largest industrial companies, such as  Volvo and SKF. Gothenburg also has  many  internationally  re nowned research departments  at Gothenburg University  and ar Chalmers  University  of Tech nology.
HMM Ehjijyliiil
Chalmers Industriteknik the contract research and education organization of Chalmers University of Technology and is also responsible for the marketing of the University's RcrD potential. Chalmers Industriteknik is situated within the Chalmers Science Park, which
provides industry with the opportunity to run high-technology research protects on the Chalmers campus in close collaboration with the University.
s'~~' " —Goteborg Water and Sewage Works celebrated in 1987 its 200th anniversary and is now
( VA VtRKET                 > 7 r
x. a - responsible for
*
'       - the delivery of 200 000 m' drinking water daily - 2 water treatment plants
- 1600 km water pipes and 2200 km sewers 
-   40000 water meters 
- 20 reservoirs and 280
pumping stations
In 1960's the water supply was secured for the future by construction the river Gota div to the Dets/o J ? system with two water works for chemical treatment and rapid filtration through activated carbon.
Goteborg got its first sewage treatment plant in 1950. To solve the problem in the region a treatment P
and a vast tunnel system for the region as a whole was taken into operation 1971. Today 760 000 persons a <■
connected to the plant.
The water organization started in 1787 with only one employee, which increased during the I 70 s <>
Phe number of employees is now down to 300.
The organization finances water supply and sewerage investments as well as operation x^sts,
tn 500.
W tax
yfi ¥
JL *                                 %
a
•/.
J M
ft
y
i^43 Ifll
< JUj
Et
■X ,
•j; <■              r
’------------------ •
•' //
|
—V
4
Jsrwi I
management of groundwater SUPPLY FOR URBAN AREAS
a nced International Training Programme in Goteborg, Sweden August 29 - October 6, 1994
SWEDISH BOARD FOR INVESTMENT
AND TECHNiCAl SUPPORT---------------------------------- INVITATION —______________ __
BU S - the Swedish Board tor Investment and Technical Support , Government
s
a
the Ministry ol I orcign Attairs with a mandate of promoting econ. >mic and social development In lultdhng its  responsibility. BUS supports  the transfer of knowledge md know-how including concessionary  financing of investment projects  from Sweden to specified low and middle income countries. BUS also supports  the transformation process  and environment protection m Central and Eastern Europe.
BITS  operates  through  lour  mam  programmes  based  on  competitive  senices  and  technology available in Sweden:
•   International training programmes
•   Technical cooperation
•   Cooperation with Central and Eastern Europe
•   Concessionary credits
Access to clean drinking water and an acceptable level of sanitary hygiene is essential to people all over the world. The development and growth of urban areas lead to increasing demands on water supply. In many  expanding urban areas  groundwater is  the main component in the water supply and it is  inevitable that the use of groundwater will further increase. The management of a groundwater supply system requires a thorough knowledge ol hydrogeology, although groundwater protection, legislation, operation, maintenance and Imancmg arc ol equal importance.
Sweden has a long tradition in the urban water supply and management of groundwater with one half of rhe Swedish water supply systems based on groundwater. Swedish experts and companies have been involved in international groundwater projects lor many years.
The   international   training   programme   on   ’’Management   ol   Groundwater   Supply   for   Urban Areas”, sponsored by BITS has been designed with a view to increase the competence and capacity in  developing  countries  in  utilizing  ground  water  resources  in  an  efficient  and  environmentally sustainable wav. Managers and officers in the area ol urban water supply from developing countries are invited in the programme, which will he conducted in English.
BITS  has  assigned  CIT,  in  close  co-operation  with  the  Deparrmerit  of  Geology  at  Chalmers University of Technology and Swedish authorities in the water sector, the task of carry ing out the training  programme.  Participants  will  be  those  holding  positions  as  administrators  and  senior engineers in the area of large scale groundwater supply as well as lecturers at universities and other
institutions.
,.
We are confident that this programme will be of interest to you and we are hereby inviting you ro nominate candidates.
Gotehorg, February 1994
Director  General BITS•wedish board for
i5
vestmf.xt and
I"
technicalsupport
GodUnd fOr orneW
FOR OFFICIAL USE OF
------ - E * BASSY
Ktfmrr.entor
Dwu n:              Not* ,
-plication form
PHOTO
(Name of nominating authority)
• x.-cune
.»-rpnized in Sweden
MANAGEMENT OF GROUNDWATER SUPPLY FOR URBAN AREAS
AUGUST 29 - OCTOBER 6,1994
texts
«                   Signature of nominating authority ___________________________________________________________________
c
authorizing authority
’ Wnunation is approved by.
The EmbasSsHy OwUillLfDorBwEarHd AitNto DtEhDe SINecrTeOtarTiHatE.  APPROPRIATE SWEDISH EMBASSY ‘HE LATCEhSriTstiOnNa NMilAssYon1,B1994  ackman*)
Chalmers Industriteknik
Chalmers Teknikpark
S-412 88 GdTEBORG
SWEDEN
INT. PHONE:
+46 31 772 40 00 ♦) direct call +46 31 772 43 32
TELEFAX.
+46 31 82 74 21
TELEX:
20 863 SSPA GBG S
If *ou
fleeted, you will be notified by telex or telefax, within 3 month from the application date. °nfirm your acceptance within two weeks by telex or telefax.PERSONAL HISTORY
l amih name (surname)
(underline name by whnh fcwmalh addrrtaed)
l int name
Other names
"-------
Office add-Tvi
Nationality
Telephone, ttiev fat. »>Ne
Sa
Marital status
N*mc and cd pence to be notified ta
caac of emcTfeno
City and country of binh
Date of birth
Oiy
Month
Year
I DUC ATION I Im m order of time. staninj with last institution an ended)
Name of mwrutMXt and place of study
Major fields of study
Years of study from-to
Degrees
PREVIOUS RESIDENCE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES relevant to the applicant's professional or educational interests
Country
War:
length of stay:
Lai membership tn prcfewonaJ sodeues and your activities in aril or international affairs
Lisi any relevant puNicabons you have written (do not attach)
Lai your computer experience (if any) inch familiar hardware and software (e-g. 386 PC, World Perfect, Lotus, etc.)
QUESTIONNAIRE
Have access to
PC al wort
O yes O no _  ___________________________________________________—
SUBJECTS  OF  TRAINING  PROGRAMME  Ple»je  iuie  bnefly  your  rwjoru  fa  applying  io  thii  count,  your  mun  Heidi  ofinterat  wrtNn the programme and how you hope to bene Hl from this course.
Please continue on supplementary P^1
ifneeesury, continue«
*
*SGANIZATION STRUCTURE
C. PREVIOUS POST
tiiUkhof the organization you belong to. including your
Title of your post
Years of service: from-to
Type and level of organisation
Name and address of employer, and if subsidiary,
the name of the holding-company
Description of your work, including your personal responsibilities
^LlgANTS BACKGROUND_______________________________________________ _____________________________
'<^1!* b"'ny your
f
pro «uonal and educational back around, mdudtng language competence. with the emphaut on topic! relevant to the
Pleax continue on tupplemcntary pa e> If neemtary
tOBJECTIVES-----------
4
___ ____ VISAS--------------------
thr  irjmmg r"* -
r
,,,,n ’c
' kr,r7hc-”i'>'i,Rc "mI ,n c
^’
hf
"
utilizing groundwater re- | lK,ciit and environmentally mis
n \n<»ihcr purpose is to pros.de the with applicable insights into the
^'^‘'t <»| groundwater supply systems
areas, particularly in a long-term
^xsti'C-
•  v,Stives  <>»  the  training  programme  are  to: , prvoJc the participants with an increased
jbthn   to   assess   groundwater   resources   and manage  supply  systems  as  well  as  stressing theimportanccof   incorporating   groundw   ater rtMiurcoasa   vital   part   of   national   develop rnent  plans.  Emphasis  will  also  be  placed  on environmental   issues   and   the   sustainability of groundwater resources
•  improve  the  participants  abilities  m  adminis tration    and    organization    and    thereby    in crease the efficiency of the water >< uor
•  improve  the  capacity  of  particip.inis  to  effi ciently   deal   with   external   input',   c.g.   con sultants  and  contractors)  in  the  gn  undw.itcr sector  and  to  put  necessary  demands  on  the project  results.  The  participants  will  also  be Riven  the  opportunity  to  present  and  discuss case   studies   with   Swedish   consultants   and persons with experience of foreign aid
■her  objectives  of  the  programme  arc  to  pro- d  P3rndPams with an in-depth know-
groundwaterexploration techniques, 
1 a **wmenr, drilling and well design 
’ ^‘undwatcr quality and protection 
'uppl-H™'*1 aiU* °Pcrat‘°n of groundwater
. ^r'n<'pl" of legislation and financing 
•he use of -
’Rwncnt omPurers in groundwater man-
an<H^C i?Prov'dc a forum for dis- ^ ndu’atcr en " nge of experience between 
and ^8,nCtrS’ £ °log>srs, hydro- &  nR Entries a,} £  s from different dcvel-
AH P-’rlKipantcarc requite.)., „ studies concerning groundwater umT'ii" * cotnnicnccmcnt of rhe course
.nay concern any of the themes ,n7K«H training programme, but choul f un,fcr defined problem .hat co,dd ?'T
d.scusMon and hopcfulls solution dun™ £ framing programme, rhe case st,, presented by the panw.pants as S’* summary of the case studs should be
1
With  rhe apphcation  form to  guide the lecru^
in  adapting  the course to  the local condmon^-
thc participants. 
croons m
r      .    n      articip-ints    should    obtain    an    enrrv ’’VC       ^jen       {ii.l       Oenmark.       It       sfentM       £ "did t-r ■ r-’-'-'J ”f tw" m,’nrh'
mul vur 'b^'rerrT.in-'tion  ot the programme, puru.i-.n.- mas seed.  to  v,vt ...me ocher o.urv meson  their svas back  home.  Paroctpann  should ensure th  it visas are obtained  tor MK.heountr.es before leaving tor Sweden.
----- accommodation-----------
f-ach  participant will be accommodated  in  a stf-I.  <hii with  barhAhowcr during  the course p-rpui XII participant*  will be accommodated ar rhe same hotel.
Participants      may      not      lx-      accompanied      by r.imilv    members.    due    to    the    character    of    rhe programme.
All    participants    are    covered    by    group    insur
.nice    while    in    Sweden    and    on    organized    study tours    during    rhe    course.    This    includes    medical care    in    the    event    of    acute    illness    or    accidcnr. together   with   group   life   and   third•   partv   liahilitv insurance.   I   he   cost   of   the   insurance   is   included in the participation fee.
---------------COST OF------------------- PARTICIPATION
The ctAf *>t pa rTw rpanon  is divided  into  two parts.  covering  pamcrparion  >n  the training programme, rhe <eher uovermg the
•’* -»* comnwxiarw4i. The pi*rtMUpaf««rt fee cower* tui
non. vi*»r» and r<hrr k«al rrjrwport wathan the programme, crxarw literature and J»<umrnr*. general Jtr*»up irrsurancr and .•'rrjm u^rjl a< tivTtic* rhe occ'*mmrxliraon fee cover* avc«»o> rnoditwm and mea*’*.
Ehc p.irtKipanon fee. 
•• r K*.^*rmw>da
PARTICIPANTS
The    programme    is    designed    for    p.imcipinn holding  positions  as  managers  in  rhe  area  of urban   water   supply   or   groundwater   explnri non   within   a   national   or   local   authority   The participants,  as  senior  technical  officer*,  man agers   or   engineers,   arc   expected   to   hold   an academic  degree  at  least  equivalent  to  a  B.S.. (Eng.) in relevant subjects, have s to 20 yean of professional   experience,   and   to   he   fluent   in English.  The  programme  also  welcomes  lecrur ers  at  universities  or  other  educational  institu tions   connected   to   groundwater   and/or   water supply.
Women  are  encouraged  to  participate  in  the programme.
Only    participants    officially    nominated    H the   appropriate   national   authority   or   tnmistn will  be  considered  for  admission  to  the  pro gramme.
Participants are selected on mJn dual merit* and will on completion of the enure training programme lie awarded a certificate of partisi pation. The participants are expired to >•> tribute to the training programme e g i ‘ _ discussions related to the condmuns m their
non and meaJ* wtB he paad bv tre pn gramme
for pamcipant* commg from « w and I* wrr
middle income *.otar»tne*.
Eor pjrtxipinn  from r<hcr *rxanenev  the fee* 
.ire
Participation     fee     42.     ><>     Sr     X. 
.Accommodation fer 56 l,"i sfk
S.20 SEK arc equivalent J •. 19«M f
fanaarv
P.ivmcnt  must  be  made  in  Swedish  *  •'  ■  ■  “  Sr  K
or in a convertible curre
•
sterling 
etc. to the ev;- • a lent rate of
APPLICATION-------------- PROCEDURE
exchange .it the time »»t pavmerr
International     travel     coxr*     to     and     fr-«n     s*r den     .ind     sosrs     for     personal     rxpcftwt     are     rxx included.      Each      participant      dux-id      arrange      tor his   or   her   ow   n   transport   from   t?^-   h»   country to      landvrtter      Airporr.      Gocchvvrg.      S-^tJctv       ** well    as    for    fund*    covering    axJ    personal    cxpmvcc in Sweden.
------- DATE AND PLACE-------------
fhc course will take pUc.r frurr.  Aogvsi 29  -
(Xtobcr 6. 1994. 
mam pan erf the courvc
own countries. 
The     number     of     P"'lt;,P-,,K
.     « in
V '“"‘k, 
i
order   to   ensure   ->   dose   wnrktng   relation,tip 
^h.p 
will    be    held    ar    <    hulmcrs    I’nnmm    .rf    Technol ogy in C«otcborg. Sweden
between participants and lecturer*.
Application should be made on rhe special form attached to this pamphlet. The application form san iK<, hc obtained from the nearest Swedish 
m assy. The Embassy can also he consulted sho?a r n,nK tbc language test. Each participant
.
mnl 8*VC ? tc*e^ax or telex number, on the
c5m£,t,7n h’rni whKh CJn u'cd bv ^e
Hirsc administration. In addition, there should 
SECRETARIAT
______ language---------
_____-Will be organized^ The training programme
conducted  in  English.  Con^,l,^-rJjg Camb 
««um X" ph"'l'^ph xntIh7 .‘ I "
:
,t  P.l"Cd
Emha*  si
w
to the apph
form should be channel, to the Sssedwh
c
a  cr
ciency    in    English   language
I s     |- ghsh 
n
will
J
Tn ,T c
.  '  wi|| C( *   ss'cdcn. I he training pro-
n
Kro
undu lter ab5tractjon on a |arg(
,
.
dates whose native language be required to submit. "
form,   an   official   language their proficiency in Eng 15 •
application ( Jl(. tndicatmg
ccrntuat
anorov     I,     C.     comr|c'c     application     should     be ttwiahlC nomN4,'"nijnal   tion of candidates.        -p.,noble
t .o '
l9<>a','l<nS        ld‘UC       ,Or        -‘PP^c-.tions     is     Mas     I. th.s date P VJ,,"n' t4nn<M ** ■‘'■■cepted after
The address for all cewnmtamcaExjn is; t halmcrs Indnsmtekruk
Ann < hrvonu NTkxon Backman/’
S 41_ 88 Cwrfrbocn g, SChjw!:we'de IcnUukpatk, 7 4rl'r ’ • 
Telephone
«4h al •*24rta>)
• I direct call
• 46 al *~24tl2
Telefax:
4a It 82"421
Telex:
>086 '> SSPA GPXitraining programme---------------
The   main   themes   and   preliminary   time   sched uled are outlined below:
A   variety   of   instruction   methods   will   be   used, including   lectures,   group   discussions,   case   stud ies, practical work and study visits.
The    participants    are    required    tn    prepare    a description    of    the    organization    ot    the    water sector   in   their   country   and   a   cast   study   related to   groundwater   supply.   I’he   case   study   can   be connected  to  any  of  the  subjects  below  and  will be    used    to    initiate    discussion    during    lectures
□ nd group discussions. A summary of the case
study and a sketch of the organizational strut turc  should  be  submitted  with  the  applo*10’’ form. Nominated participants will be required to submit a full paper of 4 to maximum A4- pages, including figures, at the latest wo weeks before the training programme commences. 1 he case studies will be presented as seminars dur-
• g the training programme.
n
"I he programme extends over six weeks and is divided into the tollowing subjects. The order in which the topics arc presented below is pre liminary.
SWEDEN IN BRIEF
Sweden  is a sparesly  populated  country  with  8.6 million  inhabitants,  situated  in  northern Europe.  Its land  area is the fourth  largest in Europe.
I   he   Swedish   climate   is   much   milder   than   in other   places   of   corresponding   latitudes.   The   typi cal    features    are    constant    changes    in    weather. Sweden   is   a   constitutional   monarchy   with   a   par liamentary   form   of   government.   Sweden   has   had universal suffrage since 1921.
Sweden    has    rich    natural    resources    of    forest, water    power,    iron    ore    and    other    minerals    but lacks significant oil and coal deposits.
In   the   last   100   years   Sweden   has   developed 
from  a  largely  agrarian  country  to  one  where  only 
4%    of    the    labour    force    is    within    agriculture. 
Today 
Sweden   is
an   industrialized   country. 
Ini
tially, 
raw   materials
and   semi   manufactured 
goods
SUNDSVALL
Introduction
( )pcning ceremony
Week 1
General hydrogeology
(.   i   round   water   exploitation   and   economy Groundwater chemistry
Ci round water recharge
Week 2
( iroundwater exploration
Remote sensing and GIS
Aquifer assessment
Groundwater modelling
(iroundwater resources in the long term Groundwater protection 
incl computer workshop
Week 3
Artificial recharge
Water supply in urban areas
(iroundwater and environmental issues Legislation
Study   visits   to   water   works,   government agencies and private companies
Week 4
Well drilling
Sampling and documentation
Well hydraulics
Well construction
Aquifer tests
Well development and rehabilitation
Study visits (cont.)
Week 5
Management  and  economy (iroundwater qualitx
(iroundwater treatment
Supply system design
Maintenance  of  supply  systems Financing
Workshop on selected topics
Week 6
Project planning and implementation Aid and development needs Education
Workshop presentations
Evaluation and closure
dominated  the export trade,  but finished  goods, mainly  based  on  Swedish  technical innovations, have assumed  an  increasing  role.  Engineering products,  such  as cars,  trucks,  machinery,  electri cal and  telecommunication  equipment have rap idly gained new markets.
GOTHENBURG
The   city   of   Gotcborg   (Gothenburg)   was   founded in  1621  on  the  West  Coast  of  Sweden.  Gothenburg is   now   the   second   largest   city   in   Sweden   with   a population     of     half     a     million     people.     It     is Scandinavia   s   principal   port   and   the   site   of   the Head    Offices    of    many    of    Scandinavia's    largest industrial    companies,    such    as    Volvo    and    SKE. Gothenburg     also     has     many     internationally     re nowned      research      departments      at      Gothenburg University    and    at    Chalmers    University    of    Tech nology.
DENMARK
<7/  * COPENHAGEN___ (
'HhI.UiiHiKi Chalmers Industritekmk is the contract research and education organization of CWntrrs IZlllIMTIffimiR University of Tec/wo/ojfy and is also responsible for the marketing of the University's R&D
potential. Chalmers Industritekmk is situated unthm the Chalmers Science Park, which provides industry with the opportunity to run high-technology research projects on the Chalmers campits in close
collaboration u-ith the University.
The Department of Geology belongs jointly to the School of Civil Engineering at CTH and University of Goteborg. It has a staff of SO persons working within the fields of Engineering
---- Urology, Geophysics, Mineralogy-petrology and Quaternary geology. The majority »t ™
research projects in engineering geology are connected to hydrogeology. Research topics include grmmduater exploration, groundwater protection and quality, transport of fluids and gases in rocks and the use of remote sensing and GIS in engineering geology.SWEDEN IN BRIEF
Sweden is a sparesly populated country with 8.6 
million inhabitants, situated in northern 
Europe. Its land area is the fourth largest in 
Europe.
The    Swedish    climate    is    much    milder    than    in other     places     of     corresponding     latitudes.     The     typi cal      features      are      constant      changes      in      weather. Sweden    is    a    constitutional    monarchy    with    a    par liamentary     form     of     government.     Sweden     has     had universal suffrage since 1921.
Sweden     has     rich     natural     resources     of     forest, water     power,     iron     ore     and     other     minerals     hut lacks significant oil and coal deposits.
In     the     last     100     years     Sweden     has     developed from    a    largely    agrarian    country    to    one    where    only 4%     of     the     labour     force     is     within     agriculture. Today     Sweden     is     an     industrialized     country.     Ini tially,       raw       materialsand       semi-manufactured       goods dominated     the     export     trade,     but     finished     goods, mainly      based      on      Swedish      technical      innovations, have       assumed       an       increasing       role.       Engineering products,     such     as     cars,     trucks,     machinery,     electri cal      and      telecommunication      equipment      have      rap id'- gain- i new markets.
-
I-
reborg (Gothenburg) was founded 
. \X cst Coast of Sweden. Gothenburg econd largest city in Sweden with a
of half a million people. It is
industrial companies
internationally re
Gothenburg  also  ha ‘ e at Gothenburg nowned  research  ^P^en^ivcrsity  of Tech- University and at C halmers
nology.
„ ,,/ Chjlfneri
proi collaboration
s tn roc—SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
I 'n GothT 'n*ernat'onal Training Programme
enburg, Sweden, October 31 - November 25, 1994 ’rt 2 in a developing country, 1995
SWEDISH BOARD for investment
and technical supportBlTs 7 the Swedish r
the Ministry fOr p ®.Oard for Investor
^VlTATlON -_____
~
........
Technical cooperation Cooperation with Central and f
' Concessionary credits ' 
Euml*
reuse and recycling a realitv nnd chnnl r
pollution '
s ^ou l?a'<e °Perationally enhanced waste
d improve the control and management of waste-related
C   lunge   s   in   legislation,   maintenance   and   financing,   plus   improvements   in   the   knowledge   and understanding   of   waste   prevention   and   handling   are   all   essential   if   the   current   global   waste management system is ro be amended.
Sweden has developed efficient organizations and methods for handling solid waste from
households and from industries. Both in planning processes and legislation, environmental aspects are integrated at every level. Swedish companies and experts have been involved in inremariona projects concerning waste management for many years. 
... fl
The    international    training    programme    on    "Solid     Waste    Management    ,     sPons0J'    Lcrea$ing
now     be     arranged     for     the     second     time.     The     programme     >s     designed     'vtrh„
asre       ,n       ;n 
the competence and capacity of developing countries
environmentally sustainable way. Managers and senic
responsible forenv.romnemal^^s"sX
Pr<
universities or or ere ‘ ‘'unnic
WT^ass^g*’^Urherasl<or^rringoutthetMmmgprogrammetO(CIT^^
w
ill /,  conducted in English. 
e
L3and local authorities
L ...  as well as lecturers fro"1 I
indose«H’Peranon'oti
p^idrnol
Waste Management & Recovery 
this programme will
that reason we nerc ;
Gothenburg, May 1994
rhC SO“ iXreh mv* you to nominate cand.dates. 
|
g*®S7
SECRETARIAT
Telephone:             +.,,.
>jd  mdfstrirchTk
T 'lex:
SWACKS
f^    h  burg Sweden
Tck   kP
L 'hJ ^S Gothenb h’
Ul- 1
training programme
-—-------
. mes are outlined below, 
fte ”lJin1t A mres. group discussions, case formal            , ^monstrations,practical
vista .’«■      di«vr«u modest which will he employed durin  rhe
Ktruction wnic"
s
tSU*       are          Stared       to       prepare       a
, 1 'X,  of the conditions of rhe solid  waste X Xrorgsmsarion  in  their home region. iSmop-inrs are also  requested  to  prepare a Sd  description  of a case study  related  to 
waste management. The case study should connected to some of the subjects below and ril be used to initiate discussions during the ectures and group discussions when presenting ipplicablc solutions. In the time between the
•so pans of the programme, the participants st  requested to set time aside for individual wk which will be presented in the second part lithe programme.
The programme extends over a total of six which are split into four weeks in Sweden, 
two weeks for the second part of the gramme in a developing country. The
* S d‘v*ded into the subjects outlined 
:
Te
n
n
* ’ .   ° ^
e   r  er ’  which the topics are
ie
4Z’ T.
m
? " PdisciK
u
not  Precise*y follow the order of The second P^t ot (he
W h,cb *s focused on study visits, 
apDlicak?S ai]d Case studies*is primarily e s °lutions will be discussed.
^&ene environmental aspects ^Utiop t
Pollution prevention, waste minimiution
- natural recycling understanding
- pollution prevention
- development of sustainable products, product recycling
• public education and information
Waste disposal
• waste composition and charactenution
- domestic and industrial waste
- hazardous waste, hospital waste
- strategies and structure tor operation models
- techniques for collection, sorting, recycling etc.
• landfilling techniques, e.g.
• site design and locanon
- day to day operations and maintenance - site closing
- gas utilization
- environmental protection. e.g.
- landfill hydrology
-  biological/chcmical  processes -leachate water treatment
- ground water protection
- waste incineration
- composting,     putretacme   pr< latrins and manure as
Organization
ln,ernatSand6u,delines
%3 conve"tions
?^ples?ra ° 8
r
an ^tions
'Men OrtA Participant countries and 
eStn^ Orka f
.
nd  future requirements
• development of an efficient solid waste handling
• principals for organization, organiza tional structure
- operational management
- national management plans
• financing
- pricing
Study visits and demonstrations
- establishments for reloading, sorting and recycling
• landfills
- composting and putrefacting
establishments
- collection equipment, suppneo - authorities, consultants ano >
manufacturers
\
//
I.SWEDEN IN BRIEF
Sweden  is a sparesly  populated  country  with  8.6 million  inhabitants,  situated  in  northern Europe.  Its land  area is the fourth  largest in Europe.
The    Swedish    climate    is    much    milder    than    in other    places    of    corresponding    latitudes.    The    typi cal     features     are     constant     changes     in     weather. Sweden    is    a   constitutional   monarchy    with   a   par liamentary    form    of    government.    Sweden    has    had universal suffrage since 1921.
Sweden has rich natural resources of forest, 
water power, iron ore and other minerals bur
lacks significant oil and coal deposits.
In    the    last    100    years    Sweden    has    developed from   a   largely   agrarian   country   to   one   where   only 4%     of     the     labour     force     is     within     agriculture. Today    Sweden    is    an    industrialized    country.    Ini tially,    raw    materials    and    semi-manufactured    goods dominated     the     export     trade,     but     finished     goods, mainly     based     on     Swedish     technical     innovations, have      assumed      an      increasing      role.      Engineering products,    such    as    cars,    trucks,    machinery,    electri cal and telecommunication equipment have rap
idly gained new markets.
GOTHENBURG
I    he    city    of    Gothenburg    (Gotcborg)    was    founded in   1621   on   the   West   Coast   of   Sweden.   Gothenburg is   now   the   second   largest   city   in   Sweden   with   a population      of      halt      a      million      people.      It      is Scandinavia’s    principal    port    and    the    sire    of    the Mead     Offices     of     many     of     Scandinavia’s     largest industrial     companies,     such     as     Volvo     and     SKF. Gothenburg      also      has      many      internationally      re nowned        research        departments        at        Gothenburg University’ and at Chalmers University of Tech-
nologv.
,S \hl' CrtraCt reSeanh
education organization of Chains
LllllkililliLL IIJ I
)ote
„ *ai
t
y
Technol°gy and IS also responsible for the marketing of the University's R&D Industritekmk is situated within the Chalmers Science Park, which provides industry with the
high-technology research projects on the Chalmers campus in close collaboration unth the
Chalmers
opportunity to run
University.
gy Chalmers University of Technology was founded in 1829 in accordance with the unit of William
Chalmers, director of the Swedish East India Company. Chalmers is now one of the two largest institutes of technology tn Sweden, running some 1000 research projects. Every year about
'V
s degrees in engineering and architecture, as well as 80 doctorate and licentiate degrees, jreauar e
means that about 40 % of the country's graduate engineers come from Chalmers University of “
°8>-
fl
7 800 of them are postgraduate students., ml5H UNIVERSITY
o^gricultural SCIENCES otMENT of soil sciences
OF AGRICULTURAL hydrotechnics
ioNAL soil CONSERVATION COURSE, 1993.
6 September - 8 October 1993.
^Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsa,^ jnguage: English 
en -
pplication: Completed application should reach the course organizer eadline for a], 
sere the 16 July.
> address of the course organizer: Dep ofS 7s Soin 07     l Q •t t Sciences. Box 7014 
b ’750 07 uPPsala, Sweden.
:r application and further information contact:
Abraham Joel or Ingrid Wesstrom
Dep. of Soil Sciences (address as above)
Tel.: 018-67 29 23 resp. 67 11 83
■sis and content: The aim of the course is to provide in-depth information on soil -nces related subjects, particularly soil and water conservation when practising ri'-Jlture and forestry in arid, semi-arid and humid tropical zones. The course is
towards persons who are aiming to work with rural developmen in 
•as.
nature of the course is interdisciplinary and will cover the fo
A short introduction to land degradation. 
Processes influencing land degradation: water and wind an ge reclamation, salinisation and waterlogging. 
grazing and wa ter supply
^  ^d and water evaluation: characteristics of tropical ^
ar
sfceroS
Quality, remote sensing and Geographical Info               erneOt, livestock’s ll  and water management: farming system, soil m
an agement,   irrigation,   water   harvesting   and   agro 
on0in C
j    and   social
S
al ization of soil conservation programmes. Po11
- p °B conservation in developing countri
Xerc»se  related to on going soil conservation P °je
\
s
r
/6f the course: The course gives five credit points. It is based d  fOr*nflt.° Exercises will be obligatory. Course participants should 
tedi^and ^TTthe course demand five week’s full time study.
> lirebe aware tha
r
• ere‘°re
• Agronomists, foresters or persons with similar education at
o
f students: ^th background in soil and water sciences and previous
0
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The number of participants is limited.
a  post-graduate course for research degrees. Research
ourse is aCCeP bould be aware of the practical and interdisciplinary nature of
$ jder.t 5 '■‘•'h
ecuire to pay their own travel, accommodation costs and ^^■TarurTTherrwil'be no charge for the course itself.1FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT
KHOLM water symposium FIFTH tSoC1U
,4-18 AUGUST 1995
Water quality management Heading for a new epoch
call for papers
A
inference
arranged bv the Stockholm Water CompanyORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Dr Lars Ulmgren, Stockholm Water Company (Chair)
Mr Per Iladell, Stockholm Water Company 
Mr Tomas Carlstedt, Stockholm Water Company
Mrs Brita Forssherg, Stockholm Water Company Mrs Birgitta Linnanheimo, Stockhelm Water Company (Secretary )
SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME COMMITTEE
Professor Malin I alkenmark, Swedish Natural Science Research Council (Chair) Professor Asii K Biswas, Past President. IWRA
Dr l .ars Lindblom, Stockholm Water Company
Professor Kias Cedcrwall, Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
Mr Jan Falk, Swedish Water and Waste Water Works Association 
Professor Curt Forsberg, Institute of Limnology. Uppsala University 
Mr P Giacasso, Vice-president, 1WSA, Geneva
Professor Tomonori Matsuo, Dept of Urban Engineering, University of Tokyo Professor Hillel Shuval, Hebrew University, Jerusalem
Dr Charles A Sorber, President. The University of Texas of the Permian Basin, Odessa Professor Peter Soderbaum, Dept of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ultima Dr Lars Ulmgren, Director, International Division, Stockholm Water Company ( Executive Secretary)
Dr Walter Stott mann, World Bank, Washington DC
------- _ -------- -------------------------
The Stockholm Water Symposium is, 
in addition to the Stockholm Water Prize, one event during t Stockholm Water Festival, which takes place on 11-20 August
STOCKHOLM
SWATER^
SYMPOSIUM
Stockholm IVatrr Symposium arranged by Stockholm Water Conip< 3THE STOCKHOLM WATER SYMPOSIA
T
he Stockholm Waler Symposia are a series cffuture-oriented mater nohev symposia arranged,a address key environmental issues on rhe threMd
of the 21 st century. The aim is io identif y and analyse su<l,
the principal solutions required. The approach taken is integrative: across disciplines, professions and sectors of society. /If these Symposia the selected issues are presented by invited key speakers and discussed in plenary sessions or addressed in workshops. The themes, by year are:
1991   Water resources in the next century. 1992   A holistic approach to water quality 
management: Finding life-styles and measures for minimizing harmful fluxes from land to waler.
1993    Integrated measures to overcome barriers to minimizing harmful fluxes from land to water.
1994    Integrated land and water management. Challenges and new opportunities.
1995    Water quality management Heading for a new epoch.
PURPOSE AND SCOPE
The water that passes through  a landscape constitutes its very  life support. Though extensive, today's waste management efforts are vastly  insufficient to  protect this water from pollution. Toxic waste, already  a hidden danger in  many  industrial regions, continues to  build  up. The world's population  continues to  produce a rapidly  rising  amount of human waste Megacities continue to  expand, mak ing  it increasingly  difficult for water supply and  waste management to  keep  pace. As a whole, the widening  gap  between  goals and reality has created a strong sense of urgency.
The   extreme   complexity   of   water   and its  many  parallel  functions  demands  a  system atic   approach   with   attention   to   the   interplay between   strategic   water   policies   and   techni ques.  Land  use  management  must  be  an  inte gral   component   of   water   quality   protection. In  other  words,  landscape  and  ecology  must be   viewed   together   in   land   and   w’ater   use planning  Mismatches  in  land  and  water  legis lation      and      administration      are      therefore important  barriers   to   overcome.  Environmen tal   impact   statements   have   to   provide   better decision support and be broadened to encom
pass environmental vulnerability and the pre conditions for human activity in general
In  1995  —  the  50  year  anniversary  of United  Nations  -  the  Stockholm  Water  Sym posium  will  focus  on  the  evolution  in  water management   that   is   necessary   if   we   are   to protect   water   as   our   lifeblood   and   stop   its continuing   degradation   The   Symposium   will compare  a  best-case  scenario  of  the  future  in 30  50  years  time  with  a  realistic  prediction of  where  today’s  approaches  are  in  fact  lead ing   us   Between   these   two   extremes   lies   a large,  unacceptable  gap.  The  Symposium  will address   misguided   public   attitudes   and   the evolutionary   changes   in   water   management that  are  needed.  How  can  these  changes  be achieved  in  a  gradual,  realistic  manner?  How will   transfers   of   technology   between   regions and   continents   be   affected?   What   role   will various    factors   play,   among    them   hydro-   , climate  and  economics’  Artent  ion  has  to  be paid    to    religion,    culture,    attitudes    and    ( lifestyles,   and   how   they   can   be   influenced. What   possibilities   arc   opened   by   various   ■ environmental     movements     and     consensus documents?
_______
3THE FIFTH
Water qu
Heodinj
TUESDAY 15 AUGUST-WEDNESDAY 16 AUGUST
WORKSHOP 1
STRATEGIC WATER
PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE
This workshop  will focus on  the gap  between  the desired  goals 30-50  years from now and  the tools available to  accomplish those goals - the principal choice being  between  incremental plan ning  and  the reengineering  of water-related  infrastructures. The discussion  will highlight the consequences of various deci sions, as well as the* risks of long term obstacles to  technological ilevelopment An  attempt will be made to  clarify  the forms (hat strategic long-term planning should take
WORKSHOP 2
WORKSHOP 3
SHORT-TERM  WATER  INFRA
STRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA 21 ON A MUNICIPAL
This     workshop     will     proceed, based   on   the   long-term   pcrspec tive   of   workshop   I,   to   examine societal   planning   from   a   short term      perspective      (10      years). What  are  the  criteria  for  choos ing  between  large  investments  in advanced       technical       solutions, and     less     advanced,     manpower dense     solutions     better     adapted to  loc  al  situations?  What  are  the potential    consequences    of    vari ous         infrastructural         choices? How     will     financing     opportu nities   constrain   choices   of   tech nology?   What   role   do   political, climatic,       religious,       attitudinal and   cultural   factors   play'   What are   the   pre   conditions   for   tech nology     transfers     between     the western   world   and   post-commu nist   and   developing   nations'   This workshop    can    be    divided    into two  parts,  focusing  on  the  situa tion in
a) post-communist countries and b) third world countries
Agenda 21  is a global appeal to place the interaction  between the environment and  develop ment on  the political agenda Municipal governments have been  called  upon  to  develop 
1<k al Agenda 21 action plans In Sweden, for example, 1996  has been sot as a deadline for certain actions. What is expected  from appeals to  municipalities around the world  to  develop  concrete local Agenda 21  plans? In  what way  can  Agenda 21  alter anti cipated outcomes'
The aim of the workshop is an  exchange  of  practical  expen enccs.   How’   are   efforts   being organised       by       municipalities' How    are    new    actors    being encouraged to get involved? How will short- and long-term munici pal  planning  be  influenced7   How can  certain  issues  be  placed  on the political agenda'
I he workshops are preliminary and may be altered depending on
the interest of the participants.
DRAFT PROGRAMME
MONDAY 14 AUGUST
Registration
Opening ceremony Keynote speakers
Plenary session
Lecture by the winner of the Stockholm Water Prize 1995
WEDNESDAYJ6AUGUST
Workshy con,inUe
Poster session
k
hr
u.
kd
I.. v.--—•• ■
4SYMPOSIUM J
-nt i
^(SHOP4 _______________ ^WATER     SUPPLY     FOR 5ACIT1ES
rapid    urbanisation   is ^practically      insurmount- t  problems in terms of safe xking water supply and sani- bi   The  1993  Symposium si that sanitary conditions in 1  Third  World  cities  are «than imaginable and may 
ptjund control.
What   are   the   potential o  hazards  if  urban  slums due to expand more or less tecked7   What  policies  are hble  to  alter  this  pattern? I difficulties to expand the * supply sy stem due to lack ahstic  water  sources  form **   restrictions   for   urban th1    What  is  the  intrinsic wiic  and  modifiability  of “paphic         developments? 1    will  happen  to  existing Rnictural   systems   if   the Kes to make the necessary’
and improvements are tocured? How can such
be made to function tamanely?
WORKSHOP 5
SHARING OF WATER RESOURCES: THE
UPSTREAM/DOWNSTREAM DIMENSION
In  many  cases,  only  part of the water that passes through  a stale originates from rainfall over the state itself.  The remainder is sur face and  groundwater runoff that enters From the upstream part of the river basin.  This part is vulnerable to  land  use changes there.
This   workshop   will   focus on  a  growing  challenge  and  the particular     difficulties     stemming from  religious,  political  and  cul tural   barriers   as   manifested   in differing     attitudes.     How     can such     barriers     realistically     be overcome   in   order   to   facilitate societal   development   and   mini mize   disputes   and   controversies. What    are    the    principal    differ cnees  between  seeing  water  as  a common   resource   to   be   shared and      protecting      riparian      and other    water    rights?    How    does local   scale   water   use   and   allo cation     influence     the     potential for     upstream/downstream     water sharing?
y session
s  from workshops fcions
,f) lm Water Prize
*kholm Water Prize (  eremonv at the
all
WORKSHOP 6
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS AS DECISION SUPPORT
Environmental impact state ments are mandatory  in  many water-related  projects.  This workshop  will focus on  experi ences from past cases.  What methods are available and  have been  most successful? What techniques have been  used? How can  the quality  of an  impact statement be evaluated? How useful have assessments actually been  as a decision  support in practical cases in  influencing the details of a project? How can a statement's content be modi fied  to  make it a more useful decision  support? How can reversible and  irreversible impacts be distinguished? How do  you  differentiate between  the impact of a project as such  and the impact of poor management of the water provided  by  the project?
WORKSHOP 7
YOUTH SCIENTISTS:
HEADING FOR A NEW EPOCH
This workshop  is focused  on  the main  therne of the symposium. How does the next generation  of professionals look  upon  the future? What do  they  sec as unrealistic or erroneous in  the conventional approach  to  water quality  management? What should  be the long-term goal, how can  that goal be achieved, and  what should  be changed, when and how?
5CALL FOR PAPERS
INVITATION
Xn  imitation  to  attend  the Symposium is extended to expert' and decision makers in dif ferent disciplines - environmental,  technical, administrative,  financial,  political,  religious, cxiuxatKYul.  legal,  social - whose spheres of interest cvxnpnse water resource management. water protection,  water treatment and  utiliza tion.  plant opcrat**1’ design  and  development programmes vsater-rebted  cduc.ition  and  train ing etc The Symposium covers all these aspects within  society,  with  an  emphasis on  urban, industrial and  agricultural problems,  and addresses ways of reducing  thr barriers to progress.
SUBMISSION OF PAPERS
Papers will be welcome on the themes outlined 
for the workshops Prospective authors should submit a one-page abstract to the Symposium Secretariat no later than I February 1995. for
res irw by the Scientific Programme Committer Please see thr address on the attached reply 
card
letters  of  acceptance  will  he  sent  out  by 15   March   1995   Papers   for   oral   or   poster
presentation  will be accepted  on  the basis of their relevance to  the theme and  their scientific content.  Abstracts will be made available to delegates at the Symposium
PROCEEDINGS
Documentation  from the Symposium will be published  in  book  form and  will include abstracts (1-3  pages) from the workshops and  a workshop  summary,  along  with  the papers pre sented  by  the kevnote and  plenary  speakers and other selected  contributors Papers and abstracts must be submitted by I July 1995.
SOCIAL PROGRAMME
Stockholm,  beautifully  situated  at the outflow of Lake Malarcn  to  the Baltic Sea.  provides a rich  cultural and  historic setting  Special festiv ities anti entertainment will be offered  during the Stockholm Water Festival,  which  will take place on  11-20  August 1995  The social pro gramme will include a Meet and  Greet recep tion. a civic reception hosted by officials of the City of Stockholm and a visit to the famous out • door museum “Skanscn- including  dinner On Thursday,  17  August there is an  option  to attend (lie Stockholm Water Prize Award Cere mony  and  the following  banquet in  the Stock holm City  Hall in  the presence of 11  M King Carl XVI Gustaf.  Additional tours and  excur sions will be available.
ACCOMMODATION
Accommodation  will  be  arranged  with  hotels  in Stockholm close to the symposium facilities.
SECOND ANNOUNCEMENT
The programme will be described in more detail in  the Second  Announcement,  which  will he distributed  in  early  April 1995  It will contain the preliminary  programme,  registration  and accommodation form and general information.
LANGUAGE
The    official    Symposium    language    will English. All presentations will be in English.
REPLY CARD
Please  return  the  reply  card  to  the  Symposium Secretariat no later than I February 199?
I
SYMPOSIUM SECRETARIAT
Stockholm Water Symposium 1995 Stockholm Witcr Company’
S-106 36 Stockholm, Sweden Telephone -r 46 8 736 20 21
Fax ♦46 8 7362022REPLY CARD
Return to:
Stockholm Water Symposium 1995
Stockholm Water Company, S-106 36 Stockholm, Sweden Fax+4687362022
No later than I February 1995
please use block letters
C Please send me the Second Announcement and invitation to register
Surname: —-------------------------------------- First Name:--------------------------- Title:   Position: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Company/Organ izat ion:
Mailing Address:
Postal Code:City:
Country:
Telephone:Fax:
I intend to present  a paper
L a poster entitled:
EA Pslyenops   ase siesnd- of --one -----page    ------ cmopy/  ust cbeopisees of nt  torhef Faxiresd t Ato nnounc     Stockhol  ememnt to:
not later than I February 1995.
Name:
Water Symposium,
Address:Stockholm Water Symposium arranged by Stockholm Water Company Stockholm Water Company, S-106 36 Stockholm. Sweden. Phone +46 8 736 2000. Fax 
'K
468 7362022I
I

Summery

Summary of Baro-Akobo Master Plan Proposal

Summary of the Baro-Akobo Natural Resources Integrated Development Master Plan Study

This document is a technical proposal for consultancy services related to the Baro-Akobo Natural Resources Integrated Development Master Plan Study in Ethiopia, prepared by SWECO and Associates in January 1995. Below is a structured summary of the key components of the proposal.

Overview

Client: Transitional Government of Ethiopia, Water Resources Development Authority (WRDA)
Consultant: SWECO and Associates (a consortium including SWECO, ORGUT, WAPCOS, Nordic Consulting Group, Danish Hydraulic Institute, Swedmar, and University of Berne)
Objective: To develop an integrated master plan for the sustainable development of natural resources in the Baro-Akobo basin, addressing water resources, agriculture, infrastructure, environment, and socio-economic aspects.

Document Structure

The proposal is divided into three volumes:

Volume I: Technical Proposal (main document)
Volume II: Curriculum Vitae (bound separately)
Volume III: Appendices (includes company presentations, brochures, and international training programs)

Key Sections of Volume I

1. Introduction

Background of the invitation and SWECO's strategic approach to the assignment.

2. Brief Description of SWECO and Associates

Overview of the consortium members, their expertise, organizational structure, financial status, and previous experience in Ethiopia and similar master planning studies.

3. Appreciation of the Assignment

Details of preparatory missions, site visits, literature reviews, and comments on the Terms of Reference (ToR).

4. Development Strategy, Approach, and Methodology

Planning concepts, methodology, and phased implementation (Review Phase and Master Plan Preparation Phase).

5. Technical Details

Goals, objectives, scope of study, international aspects (Nile Water Treaties), institutional framework, and sectoral studies (Natural Resources, Water Resources, Infrastructure, Environment, Socio-Economics).

6. Consultant's Team Composition

Staff organization, team structure, and quality control measures.

7. Schedule of Activities and Work Plan

Implementation timeline, work organization, and reporting schedule.

8. Services and Facilities Provided by WRDA

Expected support from the client, including documents, personnel, equipment, and costs.

9. Technology and Skill Transfer

Training modules for local capacity building, including GIS, power load forecasting, and water resources modeling.

Appendices (Volume III)

Appendix 2: Company presentations and brochures for each consortium member.
Appendix 3: International training programs offered by Swedish institutions, covering topics like remote sensing, water resources management, and environmental engineering.

Key Figures and Tables

Lists of figures and tables provide visual and data-driven insights into the study area, planning diagrams, thematic maps, and project schedules.

Abbreviations

A comprehensive list of abbreviations used in the document, including organizations like SIDA (Swedish International Development Agency), UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), and EPRDF (Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front).

Conclusion

This proposal outlines a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to developing a master plan for the Baro-Akobo basin, emphasizing sustainable development, stakeholder collaboration, and capacity building. The involvement of international experts and local institutions ensures a balanced and technically sound framework for the project.