Baro-Akobo River Basin Integrated Development Master Plan - Summary
1. Introduction
The Baro-Akobo River Basin Master Plan is a comprehensive study commissioned by the Ethiopian Ministry of Water Resources to assess the development potential of the basin. The study covers water resources, natural resources, and human development aspects across the 76,000 kmĀ² basin area.
2. Key Findings
2.1 Resource Base
- Water Resources: Mean annual runoff of 19 billion mĀ³ with significant hydropower potential
- Land Use: 554,000 ha cultivated, dominated by cereals (75%) and coffee
- Population: 2.2 million (1995), projected to grow to 5.3 million by 2035
- Infrastructure: Limited road network and electrification, underdeveloped water supply
2.2 Development Challenges
- Rapid deforestation (70,000 kmĀ² to 35,000 kmĀ² between 1973-1988)
- Soil erosion and declining fertility
- Food security concerns with growing population
- Annual flooding in Gambela plain affecting 28-100% of land
3. Development Objectives
| Objective | Priority |
|---|---|
| Arrest soil depletion and water resource degradation | Highest |
| Increase subsistence agriculture production | High |
| Develop hydropower potential | Medium |
| Improve rural infrastructure | Medium |
4. Proposed Interventions
4.1 Immediate (1995-2000)
- Soil conservation measures
- Emergency public health measures
- Gazetting of National Parks
4.2 Short Term (2000-2015)
- Small-scale irrigation development
- Small town water supply systems
- Low-cost natural resource development
4.3 Medium Term (2015-2035)
- Large-scale water resource projects
- Major irrigation schemes
- Hydropower development
5. Key Statistics
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Basin Area | 76,000 kmĀ² |
| Mean Annual Runoff | 19 billion mĀ³ |
| Population (1995) | 2.2 million |
| Projected Population (2035) | 5.3 million |
| Cultivated Area | 554,000 ha |
6. Conclusion
The Baro-Akobo River Basin Master Plan presents a comprehensive framework for integrated development of the basin's resources. The plan emphasizes sustainable development approaches to address critical challenges of soil erosion, deforestation, and food security while developing the basin's significant water and hydropower potential. Implementation will require phased investments and strong institutional coordination.