-19
Z
FEDERAL   DEMOCRATIC   REPUBLIC   OF  ETHIOPIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCE
FEASIBILITY STUDY AND DETAIL DESIGN OF BALE GADULA IRRIGATION PROJECTFederal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Water Resources Feasibility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
Volume 1- Executive Summary
FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES
FEASIBILITY STUDY AND DETAIL DESIGN OF
BALE GADULA IRRIGATION PROJECT
FINAL FESIBILITY REPORT
VOLUME 1
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Final Feasibility Study ReportFederal Democratic Republic of Elhiopia-Ministry of Water Resources Feasibility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
Volume 1- Executive Summary
LIST OF VOLUMES
VOL 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
VOL 2 i
MAIN REPORT
_____________
VOL 3
I
ANNEX 1
METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL STUDY
VOL 4
i
ANNEX 2
GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECH INVESTIGATIONS
VOL 4
ANNEX 3
HYDROGEOLOGICAL STUDY
VOL 5
ANNEX 4
SOIL SURVEY
VOL 5
ANNEX 5
LAND EVALUATION
VOL 6
ANNEX 6
SOCIO ECONOMIC STUDY
VOL 6
ANNEX 7
SETTLEMENT STUDY
VOL 7
ANNEX 8
IRRIGATION AGRONOMY
VOL 7
ANNEX 9
FARM MECHANISATION
VOL 7
ANNEX 10
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING
VOL 8
ANNEX 11
LIVESTOCK STUDY
VOL 9
ANNEX 12
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
VOL 9
ANNEX 13
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
VOL 10
ANNEX 14
INSTITUTIONAL DEV.
VOL 11
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ANNEX 15
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
I
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Final Feasibility Study ReportFederal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources Feasibility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
Volume 1- Executive Summary
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................................................................................... 111
LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................................................................................................... HI
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...........................................................................................................................................................................IV
1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Project Location..............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 COMMAND AREA.............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.3 The Project....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Catchment area................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.5 THE CONSULTANT TEAM................................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.6 Submission of Interim Report......................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.7 The Draft Feasibility Report.......................................................................................................................................................... 6
1.8 RECEIPT OF COMMENTS AND SUBMISSION OF FINAL FEASIBILITY REPORT...................................................................... 7
2. METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL STUDY.............................................................................................................................8
2.1 Climatic features............................................................................................................................................................................. 8
2.2 Rainfall Analysis.......................................................... ...... ...... ’.....................................................................................................8
2.3 River Flow Analysis.........................................................................................................................................................................9
2.4 Sedimentation................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.5 Drainage Analysis.......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.6 Field Drainage................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
3. GEOLOGICAL AND GEROTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS................................................................................................................ 11
3.1 Seismicity of the Project Area.................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Geotechnical investigation along weir axis...............................................................................................................................11
3.3 Site investigations......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.4 Weir Site Geology......................................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.5 Geophysical investigation............................................................................................................................................................ 12
3.6 Investigations along canal alignments...................................................................................................................................... 13
3.7 Construction material..................................................................................................................................................................13
4. HYDROGEOLOGY................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
5. SOIL SURVEY STUDY........................................................................................................................................................................... 16
6. LAND EVALUATION STUDY................................................................................................................................................................. 19
7. IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE.............................................................................................................................................................. 22
7.1 Location..........................................................................................................................................................................................22
7.2 Hydrology & Water Resources.................................................................................................................................................. 22
7.3 New SSI Projects..........................................................................................................................................................................23
7.4 SURVEY.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
7.5 DIVERSION STRUCTURE............................................................................................................................................................. 23
7.5.1 Design Criteria and Basic Concepts................................................................................................... 24
7.5.2 Detailed Design.................................................................................................................................. 24
7.5.3 The Gates required are as follows..................................................................................................... 25
7.6 IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE....................................................................................................................................................... 25
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7.6.1  Soils of the Command Area................................................................................................................................... 25
7.6.2  Cropping Pattern.................................................................................................................................................... 26
7.6.3     Salient Features of the Canal System................................................................................................................. 27
7.7 STRUCTURES ON CANALS AND DRAINS..................................................................................................................................... 27
7.8 Irrigation Infrastructure Design..................................................................................................................................................28
7.9 Road Network.................................................................................................................................................................................. 28
8. SOCIOECONOMIC STUDY...................................................................................................................................................................... 30
9. SETTLEMENT STUDY............................................................................................................................................................................  32
10.  AGRONOMY STUDIES.......................................................................................................................................................................... 35
11.  FARM MECHANISATION....................................................................................................................................................................... 36
12. AGRICULTURAL MARKETING.............................................................................................................................................................. 38
13.  LIVE STOCK DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES STUDY........................................................................................40
13.1  LIVESTOCK.....................................................................................................................................................................................40
13.2 APICULTURE.................................................................................................................................................................................. 41
13.3  FISHERIES...................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
14.  ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSSMENT STUDY........................................................................................................................ 43
15. WATERSHED MANAGEMENT.............................................................................................................................................................. 46
16.  INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT........................................................................................................................................................ 48
17.  FINANCIAL ANALYSIS...........................................................................................................................................................................50
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Final Feasibility Study ReportLIST OF TABLES
~ab          e          1          1          Vo          u^es          of          Draft          Feasibility          Report6
Tao e 1 2 Vo'u^es of Final Feasibility Reoort7
T at e 3 1 G ound acce e at on of different seismic zones11
r
Tab    e    3    2    Borenole    det2    s    a:    weir    site11 Tab e 3 3 Test pit details along weir axis12
e
Tab e 7 1 Des'gn Flood for Heaa works
’ao e 7 2 Total number of Structures on various canals Tab e 7 3 Details ~ao e 9.1 Compensation cost of various items34
of
Rcac               Network 
j
Taoie 17.1 Summary of Investment and Source of Finance51 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. 1 Location Map of Bale Gadula Project3
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iii
rf- oo  ox
CN CM CM. KTlONS
Bonotit Cost Ratio C ass regulatoi
C oss Drainage
r
-   .j-er -AZ
-~Z^-E GZ >ff-
V<r>
Central Statistical Authority Environmental Impact Assessment Cubic meters per second
Food and agricultural organization Federal democratic republic of Ethiopia Genale Dawa Master Plan
Internal rate of return Potassium
Land utilization Unit
meters above sea level
VE
Monitoring and Evaluation
VG7P
'»<?
Ministry of Water Resources
Sodium
Night storage Pond
EC
Ppm
Design discharge
parts per million
fER
Terms of Reference
//v/dei
Water Works design and Supervision Enterprise
_______
WWI’ •* a“ 1 ‘u““
'
4
f Reporr ivFederal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources Feasibility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
Volume 1- Executive Summary
1. INTRODUCTION
The Executive Summary  of the Feasibility  Study  for Bale Gadula Irrigation Project has been presented in this  report. The Feasibility  Study  has  been undertaken by  a multidisciplinary  team consisting of experts  from Water Works  Design & Supervision Enterprise (WWDSE) Ethiopia, as Lead Consultant and Intercontinental Consultants and Technocrats (ICT) Pvt. Ltd (India) and Amare and Families Consulting Engineers Pic as 
Foreign and Local Associate Consultants  respectively. Several Freelancer experts  have also been associated with the study team. The Feasibility study has been completed in accordance with Terms of Reference (TOR) which forms a part of contract agreement for the study, executed between the client, Ministry  of Water Resources  (MOWR), Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) and WWDSE, the Lead Consultant.
The objective of this Project is to provide irrigation to about 5000 ha area in the area of Weyb River near in Goro woreda by diverting the flow of the river through a canal system taking off on the left bank. A total of about 5000 HH can be provided with irrigation water if one ha is given to one HH.
1.1 PROJECT LOCATION
BALE GADULA Irrigation Project is administratively located in Bale administrative zone of the Oromia National Regional State (ONRS). Goro is the project woreda and the Goro
town, the capital of the woreda is located 82km East of Robe town which is currently identified as the capital of Bale zone. The proposed weir site is located 9km from Goro town in its general North direction. The command area is located on the left bank of the Weyb River.
1.2  COMMAND AREA
The command area is located on the left bank of the Weyb River. The command area is bounded by a chain of ridges as local mountains (above 2000masl) in its genera North direction. Weyb River is circumscribing the command area from its general south and south eastern direction. On the right bank of the Weyb River a chain of ridges having an altitude of above 2000masl is also circumscribing the project area. A very long and narrow low-lying plain area (1800masl and around) is created in between the two chain of
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1- Executive Summary
ridges  which is  currently  envisaged as  the command are. or BAGID project. Geographically the project command area is located extending from 7°6’N to 7°9 N and 40°18’Eto 40°37’E.
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1.3 THE PROJECT
The Bale Gadula Irrigation Project envisages the following:
Volume 1- Executive Summary
i)         A 46 m long and 2.5 m high diversion weir on river Weyb about 20.0 kms 
from Goro.
ii)        One main canal off-taking on left bank from the diversion weir branching into
various canals to irrigate about 5000 ha.
iii)       Watershed management plans for development of the catchment area.
1.4 CATCHMENT AREA
Bale Gadula watershed is  located in the Oromia National Regional State, in Bale zone and in some extent in west Arsi zone. This  watershed falls  in Gassera (13%), Adaba (6%), Agarfa (11%), Sinana (24%), Dinsho (15%), Goba (14%), Goro (6%) and Ginir (10%) woredas. Most of the watershed lies  at higher altitude where there is  fairly  regular precipitation throughout the year. The principal river of this  watershed is  Weyb River and it originates  from 4200 m high in Dinsho and Adaba woredas. The river begins  from the area where dominant land cover is  grass/shrubed grass  and passes  moderately  cultivated smallholder farms  of perennials  and annuals  with patches  of plantation and natural forest. It also cascade down the watershed through intensively  cultivated smallholder farms, state farms, and private mechanized farms  before reaching the proposed diversion point. The total watershed area is approximately 306,322 hectares.
In terms  of geographic  co-ordinates, the watershed is  located within the Genale Dawa Basin described by  7°22’ and 7°43’ North Latitude and 39°58’ and 41°04’ East Longitude. The altitudes of the watershed range from 1600 to 4200 meters above sea level.
1.5 THE CONSULTANT TEAM
It consists  of Water Works  Design and Supervisions  Enterprise (WWDSE) Ethiopia as Lead Consultant and Intercontinental Consultants  and Technocrats  (ICT) Pvt. Ltd (India) and Amare and Families  Consulting Engineers  Pic  as  Foreign and Local Associate Consultants respectively.
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Volume 1-Executive Summary
Besides these, several freelancer experts, having valuable experience and knowledge of their discipline nave also been associated in their individual capacity.
The Team Leader from India joined on 29‘h May 2009 Immediately after his arrival they a ong with local consultants prepared Inception reports for the project in June 2009
1.6  SUBMISSION OF INTERIM REPORT
h the month o' October 2009. the Interim report was submitted. It contained the following
Vol I
Main Report
Vol ll-Annexure I
Data base Meteorological and Hydrological Investigations
Vol lll-Annexure II a
Data base for Auger Holes Observations
Vo lll-Annexure II b
Data base for profile pit, lab analysis, Infiltration and Hydraulic 
Conductivity
Vol. IV-Annexure III            Questionnaires for HH survey
Vol. IV-Annexure IV           Primary Data from HH survey
Vol. V- Annexure V            Planning and design criteria for works under Bale Gadula irrigation project
Part I            Choice of Head works
Part II            Planning and Design Criteria for Diversion Work
Part III           Planning and Design Criteria for Irrigation canal net works Part IV          Planning and Design Criteria for Drainage system
PartV             Planning and Design Criteria for Hydraulic Structures Vol. VI - Annexure VI          Crop Planning
Vol. Vl-Annexure VII            Crop Water requirement
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j^sjbility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
1.7   THE DRAFT FEASIBILITY REPORT
1 he Report on Feasibility Study comprises the following:
-   Executive Summary
Main Report with an Album of Maps & Drawings
Volume 1- Executive Summary
-  Annexures of Sectoral Reports - sixteen Annexures in twelve separate volumes. The broad lay out of the Report is as follows:
Table 1.1 Volumes of Draft Feasibility Report
VOLUMES/ CHAPTERS
VOLUME - 1
VOLUME - 2
VOLUME -3
VOLUME -4
VOLUME-5
SECTIONS/SUBJECTS
ANNEXURE
Executive summary
iMain Report I
Meteorological and Hydrological Investigations
Annexure 1
Geological and Geotechnical Investigations Hydro-Geological Study
Annexure 2
Annexure 3
Soil Survey Study
Data base for Auger hole Observation Data Base for Profile pit
Hydraulic conductivity & Lab. Analysis
Annexure - 4
Annexure - 4a
Annexure - 4b
Annexure - 4c
VOLUME-5
VOLUME - 6
VOLUME - 7
Land Evaluation
Annexure 5
Irrigation And Drainage
Design of Weir and Head Regulator
Socio Economic Study Settlement Study
VOLUME - 8       Agronomy Study
Annexure 6
Annexure 7
Annexure 8
Annexure 9
Farm Mechanization Study 
Annexure 10
Agricultural Marketing
Annexure 11
VOLUME - 9        Livestock study
VOLUME -10 Environment Impact Assessment Study 
Annexure 12
Annexure 13
Watershed Management Study
Annexure 14 |
i
VOLUME - 11
Institutional Development Study
Annexure 15
VOLUME-12
; Financial Analysis
Annexure 16
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1.8   RECEIPT  OF  COM.'liti  IS  AND  SUBMISSION  OF  FINAL  FEASIBILITY  REPORT Comments have been received from the client and a meeting was held in the ministry of water  resources  regarding  the  draft  feasibility  report  and  more  comments  were  received and  discussed.  Finally  the  comments  have  been  replied  and  incorporated  in  the  Final Feasibility  Report.  Volume  6  concerning  the  Irrigation  and  drainage  and  Design  of  weir have been removed as the detailed design report has already been submitted.
The final feasibility report contains the following: Table 1.2 Volumes of Final Feasibility Report
VOLUME - 1
n
Executive summary
VOLUME - 2
Main Report
VOLUME - 3
Annex 1
Meteorological and Hydrological Study
VOLUME-4
Annex 2
Geological and Geotechnical Investigations
VOLUME-4
Annex 3
Hydrogeological Study
VOLUME - 5
Annexure - 4
Annexure -4a
Annexure - 4b
Annexure - 4c
Soil Survey Study
Data base for Auger hole Observation
Data Base for Profile pit
Hydraulic conductivity & Lab. Analysis
VOLUME-5
Annex 5
VOLUME - 6
Annex 6
Land Evaluation
---------------------------------------
Socio Economic Study
VOLUME - 6
Annex 7
Settlement Study
VOLUME - 7
Annex 8
Irrigation Agronomy
VOLUME - 7
Annex 9
Farm Mechanisation
VOLUME - 7            Annex 10
Agricultural Marketing
VOLUME - 8
VOLUME - 9
VOLUME - 9
VOLUME - 10
Annex 11
Annex 12
Livestock study
Environmental Impact Assessment
Annex 13
Watershed Management
Annex 14
Institutional Dev.
FVOLUME- 11
Annex 15
Financial & Economic Analysis
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7Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources Feasibility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
Volume 1- Executive Summary
2. METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL STUDY
2.1 CLIMATIC FEATURES
The daily  maximum and minimum air temperature records  of four stations  around the project area have been obtained from NMSA. Although it doesn’t have temperature data, our representative meteorological site for the command area is  Goro station. So to generate the temperature data of this station, we use altitudinal base relation among the stations. The mean annual daily  monthly  minimum and maximum temperature of the command area is  computed as  24.66°c  and 14.63°c  respectively. Similarly  the other climatic  data’s  that used to compute PET is  derived from Ginir station and the PET is computed using Penman-Monteith method and the annual mean of the daily PET of the command area is computed as 4.18.
2.2           RAINFALL ANALYSIS
Daily  Rainfall data of five metrological stations  accessed from NMSA and summarized starting from 1970. With this 2 stations (Goba and Ginir) have 37 years, sinana has 25 years, Robe 23 years and Goro has only 6 years rainfall data. The pluviometric network for the whole basin reaches a density of about 1 station for each 700 km , which is more than satisfactory  according to international WMO standards. However the Goro station, which is  the main representative of the command area, has  6 year data only. It is  too small to use for different analysis. Sb data transfer from the Ginir station based on their trend similarity  do using empirical correlation equation with 0.83 coefficients  of determination. The frequency  analysis  of the daily  maximum rainfall of these stations  is done using the general frequency Chow equation (1951) with different plotting methods. And finally  Gumbel selected since it gives  the best fitting estimate for all station as  2-
10000 return period. The frequency analysis was done for 24hr, 48hr and 72 hr maximum rainfall. Similarly  the rainfall intensity  duration relations  of the station are derived using time distribution analysis of the 24hr. observed rainfall and the IDF curve of them plotted for the time period of 5 -120 minutes for different return period.
2
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2.3 RIVER FLOW ANALYSIS
There are four Hydrological gauging station are available in the project area namely Agarfa. Denbel, Robe (shaye), and Alcm Korem. The first three stations are upper stream of the project area, whereas the AlemKerem exists at the downstream, which is the best station among the available hydrological stations in the project area and daily mean, max and mm flow of these stations are collected from Hydrology department of MoWR.
Although 80% dependability is recommended for effective water availability of the project,
the dependable flow computed for 60%, 65%, 70%, 75% and 80% and presented in table 13 of the study report. In relation to the dependable flow computation, computation of water available for the downstream also computed from two sources. The first source is the difference of dependable flow at diversion point and Alemkerem gauging station. The second one is  the contribution of ungauged catchment that joins  the Weyb River immediately downstream of the gauging station. From both source we can get a minimum monthly flow of 19.89m /sec and maximum 100 m /sec.
2.4 SEDIMENTATION
Measurements of suspended Sediments have been carried out at three stations in Weyb River Since the scant observed data have no clear trend and good correlation, the rating curve developed at the time of Master Plan study is adopted to convert the sediment data to time series data. At the Master plan study the conventional sediment-discharge rating curves in the form of QSEo = aQwb were established by least-squares regression. Using the 5 stations in the sub basin a regional sediment equation /rating curve/ was developed and we also adopt it for this study. The equation employed to calculate annual sediment transport at weir point using the daily time series discharge as input and summarizing the computed sediment transport to annual figure. It is  16.61ton/sqkm/year. which is considered as small in compares with countrywide figures for similar catchments i.e 100 tons/sqkm/year
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Volume 1- Executive Summary
2.5 DRAINAGE ANALYSIS
In the project area there are 13 cross drainage points and one cut of drain to divert the runoff water that come to the beigest cross drainage catchments to safely dispose out of the catchments  of the whole. And all the cross  drainage points  have a catchment area more than 0.5sq km, SCS Method to compute the design flood was used. Based on the above method the design flood for each cross drainage points was computed.
2.6 FIELD DRAINAGE
The field drainage structures  are designed to dispose the excess  water from the command area. In most case these structures are designed for safely dispose the excess water in a given irrigation project. The amount of water in the field drain can be estimated in difference methods and set as drainage module. In this project the 72hr rainfall excess from the consumptive use (ETo) is considered as drainage module. In order to compute the drainage module we use the five year extreme rainfall for 72hr. rainfall and the 72hr. cumulative ETo for the maximum daily ETo. The difference of these two values gives the excess rainfall for three consecutive days. By considering equal share for the consecutive days the drainage module becomes 27mm/day.
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3. GEOLOGICAL AND GEROTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS
3.1 SEISMICITY OF THE PROJECT AREA
The Bale Gadula Project area lies in a zone 5 as per seismic risk map of Ethiopia. This is a low risk  zone with ground acceleration of 0.02 g. According to Johnson (1988) these seismic zones are related ground acceleration as follows;
Table 3.1 Ground acceleration of different seismic zones
Intensity (MM)
<5
5
6
7
8
Ground Acceleration
0.01g
0.02g
0.05g
0.1g
0.2g
3.2 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION ALONG WEIR AXIS
The geotechnical work is carried out on weir foundation, at crossing structures 
foundations and along main canals and secondary canals. One borehole namely BHBG-1 having a depth of 16.65m was drilled at the right bank of weir foundation.
3.3 SITE INVESTIGATIONS
Engineering geological mapping and Testing of materials have been conducted along the proposed weir site.
During the present study, 1 borehole was  drilled in order to assess  the subsurface structure and materials along the weir axis foundation. The location of boreholes, depth drilled and samples taken is presented in the table below;
Table 3.2 Borehole details at weir site
No.
1
BH Name
BHBG -1
Coordinate
Easting
____________
Northing
Drilled        Undisturbed sample ---------------- J 
depth
Core
647012            788473
------------------ --------------- 16.65                          1 -------------------------------- J
1
This site was ultimately shifted to about 500 m downstream due to non-suitability of the site investigated due to hydraulic conditions (being on a hairpin bend). The ground conditions at the new site are more or less same at the new site geologically. The centre of weir site at the new site is 647536 E and 788627 N.
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3.4  WEIR SITE GEOLOGY
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To investigate the thickness  and engineering character of the overburden soil and rock units  and to investigate the existing subsurface geological structures  at diversion weir site, a shallow depth borehole namely BHBG-1 having a depth of 16.65 m was drilled in the left bank of the river course (see table 3.2). Furthermore, 1 test pits namely TPBG-1, was dug along Bale Gadula weir axis.
The information on hand for weir site foundation is  a little bit up stream side of the currently selected site. However it was verified at site that the foundation of the two sites have similar rock units and there is no need of fresh investigations.
Table 3.3 Test pit details along weir axis
Test pits name
Coordinate
Depth (m)
Easting
Northing
TPBG-1
647008
788479
2.5
Geophysical  investigation  using  Vertical  electrical  sounding  (VES)  and  Electrical  imaging method surveys were carried out prior to the borehole drilling.
The geology of the diversion site is characterized by alluvial/ terrace deposit and silty clay soil underlain by volcanic rock units.
Meanwhile, by  integrating the direct methods  (Borehole log data and test pits  log data) with that of indirect method (Geophysical survey  result) and also visual observation; geological cross section and head work area geological mapping were conducted.
Bed rock units consisted of vesicular basalt which has got adequate strength to sustain the loads from the Diversion structure.
3.5 GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATION
Geophysical   surveys   namely   electrical   imaging   and  vertical   electrical   sounding  were conducted at Bale Gadula weir site
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3.6 INVESTIGATIONS ALONG CANAL ALIGNMENTS
The total number of the test pits and auger holes excavated along the main canal is 18 and 42 respectively and the excavated depth varies from 1m to 3.0m.The length of secondary canals is 68.3 km and 25 auger holes drilled with a maximum investigation depth of 2 meter. 9 double ring infiltration tests were conducted within a representative main canals test pits. At Asendabo crossing point two test pits at the right and left side were dug.
From the test pits, Auger hole investigation and surface observation, it is inferred that the main canal route has only two soil types and rocks exposed at the fla; and slightly gently sloping topography of the command area and in the gully areas. These are Black Cotton soil and red silty clay. The rock exposed is basalt.
3.7 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
Assessment  of  availability  of  various  construction  materials  suitable  for  the  purpose  of ~   constructing   weir   and   canal   at   close   proximity   to   the   proposed   sites   was   initially 
conducted from digital elevation model (DEM) and regional geological map .Meanwhile, a close visual investigation using test pits  and trenches  is  on progress. These pits  and trenches  will be excavated manually  for the purpose of geotechnical characterization, sampling and volume estimation. Several laboratory  tests  will be made to determine suitability of various materials. Based on the initial assessment, the construction materials which will further studied included the following:
•    Sand for concrete aggregate and Masonry,
•    Rock quarry for coarse aggregate and masonry.
From the chemical analysis water quality tests the results indicates that the CR value for the Weyb river water is 0.1 which is lower than 1.0. This implies that the Weyb water is non corrosive in nature.
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4. HYDROGEOLOGY
The Bale Gadula Irrigation command area is  located in the left bank  of Weyb River straddling Goro Town in Bale Regional State The purpose of hydro-geological investigation is a) to assess groundwater potential of the area under investigation so as to determine the possibility of conjunctive surface water-groundwater use, b) to assess and locate ootential water bearing sites for the new or existing settlements, and c) to predict the impact of irngation activity on adjacent groundwater and vice versa.
The Bale Gadula irrigation command area is  almost exclusively  underlain by  basalts belonging to the Cenozoic flood basalts and the quaternary. Depth to water table exceeds 90 meters below the surface This is evidenced from the fact that a few of deep wells (up to 97 meters) drilled in the upper the upstream part of command area turn out to be dry. ToDographically  the irrigation command area forms  a plateau secluded between the Weyb River from South and a highland from north. The fact that the Weyb River is located mostly  greater than 100 meters below the level of the Irrigation command are is both indicative of deeper groundwater level in the irrigation command area. Recharge to groundwater is estimated to be in the order of 35 mm/yr. Groundwater emerging from the Northern high grounds  bounding the Bale Gadula Irrigation command area mostly discharges to springs such as the Bale Dureni spring (discharge 2.5 l/s) and the rivers bounding the command area from north. This  is  indicative of the presence of a groundwater shadow zone underlying the Bale Gadula Plain.
Assuming the porosity/specific capacity of aquifer 0.2 (this is appropriate for the basaltic aquifers underlying the area) assuming annul irrigation water application of 0.360 m/year water level rise is estimated at 1.8 meters/year. Assuming unsaturated thickness of 100 meters, it takes  more than five decades  for the groundwater to rise to the surface Assuming a k value of 0.1 m/day (this is high value) for the basaltic outcrops of the area and hydraulic  gradient of 0.1 for the Gadula plain, discharge cross  section of 36000 meters and aquifer thickness of 100 meters annual discharge from the plain is estimated at 36000 m3/day  It should be noted that total annual recharge from irrigation and rainfall(0.36 m/yr) is far lower than the total amount of subsurface discharge from the command area suggesting no major water logging or water level rise problems in the
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Final Feasibility Study Report            14Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources Feasibility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
Volume 1- Executive Summary
Gadula  plain.  These  simple  estimations  are  indicative  of  low  risk  of  water  logging  in  the irrigation area.
For water supply  in the irrigation area for the population the large depth to water table does  not allow groundwater to be the best alternative. Furthermore the Settlement and socio economic  study  of the Project recommends  no resettlement is  needed. The best alternative water supply  for domestic  water use under such scenario should be reliance on surface water. The water that shall be used for irrigating the command area can be purified using small scale community  based water purification systems  for eventual use. It should be noted that the physicochemical properties  of the Weyb River water and the ground waters  contain low Total dissolved salt indicative of good quality  water for drinking. Treatment for biological and physical (turbidity) may  be needed before using the surface waters for domestic water supply.
15V
olume 1- Ex
ecutive Su
mmary
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Res
Feasibility Study and Detail
5. SOIL SURVEY STUDY
Feasibility  level  soil  study  bad  been  carried  out
in  Bale-Gadula
Irrigation
Project
covering
7721  ha  of  land.  The  main  objective  of  the  inve
stigation  was  to
provide
detail  in
formation
on the land and/or soils of the study area, which may form a basis for confirming/rejecting the irrigation potential, crop selection, irrigation design and agricultural input requirements such as fertilizer application
The Bale-Gadula irrigation project area is  found in the south-eastern part of the country and it stretches over some part of Goro, Sinana and Ginir weredas in Bale administrative zone of Oromiya Regional State.
The project area is  categorized in to traditional kola agro climatic  zone with bio-modal rainfall system. The mean rainfall is  estimated to be 998.7 mm/year .The average minimum temperature is  15.60C and the maximum temperature is  29.1 OC. The average monthly  relative humidity  is  69.42 % the maximum is  in November month 74.11%. The minimum value of RH is 57.64% in March.
i  he  land  cover  of  the  project  area  is  intensively  cultivated  land.  The  major  land  use  is agro-pastoralism.  The  head  of  Weyb  River  originates  from  high  volcanic  mountain  of Mount  Bale  and  finally  drains  to  Genale-dawa  River  Basin.  The  project  area  is  reachable by  an  asphalt  road  and  graveled  after  traveling  some  500  km  from  Addis  Ababa  via Shashemene to Bale-Robe and Goro towns.
The present investigation adopted rigid grid survey  techniques. The auger soil description has  been made every  250 x  400m along transect to a depth of 1.20m. One auger observation represents  for 10 ha area and the achieved observations  include a total number of 779 auger observations and 75 profile pits observations, and 182 soil samples were collected from 48 profile pits  and analyzed in WWDSE soil laboratory  for standard
analysis.   Infiltration   rate   and   hydraulic   conductivity   were   measured   in   situ   at   8
representative sites each in triplicates. To check the depth of the impervious horizon and to monitor the fluctuation of the water table 8 deep borings  were made by  auger boring from the bottom of the profile pits below 2m depth down to a donth o c
ue Pin O' o - 5m on model profile sites.
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Final Feasibility study Report
16Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources ^easibili^=^^^=5
Volume 1-Executive Summary "*
'
Soils  of the project area are developed on colluvail and alluvial process. The soil classification of the study  area has  been made based on the World Reference Base for Soil (FAO, 2006). As  a result of the investigation five major soil units  namely: Vertisols, Cambisols, Luvisols, Nitisols  and Leptosols. The most extensive soil unit is  Vertisols. The soils  of project area have been grouped into 18 soil mapping units  based land form, phases  such as  stoniness, erosion and shallow soil depth and soil units  and in addition to that there have been identified 1 miscellaneous land unit.
Soil nutrient status  of the project site is  generally  moderate to high. The content of organic carbon of the area is  high, ranging from 0.21 3.91% with an average of 1.18%; the soils have very  high CEC & BSP and their soil reaction slightly  acidic  to extreme alkaline. The CEC value of the project soil types  is  very  high, ranging from 3.2 to 118.33 with an average value 56.2 meq/100g soils. The content of phosphorus  is  very  low to low and the average value is  2.99 ppm. Supplementary  phosphate will be required. The total nitrogen content of the soil is  medium to high. Nitrogen value is  between 0.02 and 0.39%; whereas the average value is  0.1%. Supplementary  nitrogen fertilizer would be required. Generally, the content of exchangeable Ca is  high, which ranges  from 3.62 to 86.46, with average of 30.07 meq/100 grams  of soil. Exchangeable Mg is  high, varying from 1.34 to 40.77 with an average value 9.16 meq/100 gram of soil. The reserve of K is  low to high (0.64 to 5.63 meq/100g soil with an average value of 0.648 meq/100g soil). The EC value of all mapping units  is  low and thus  salinity  will not be any  problem. The soil is  in some cases  calcareous  and sodic. The major constraints  of the area are soil sodicity  in some areas, soil erosion, dense vegetation cover and surface stoniness.
To   alleviate   the   above   mentioned   and   others   related   problems   should   be   taken   the following mitigation measures:
1)    The  Organic  Carbon  and  Nitrogen  content  levels  in  top  soil  are  medium  to  high indicating   definite   necessitates   for   liberal   N-fertilization   for   realizing   potential   high yields  of  crops.  Besides  that  to  maintain  fertility  status  at  optimum  level  it  is  vital  to apply organic and inorganic fertilizers concurrently.
2)   Ploughing  back  of  crops  residues  and  mulching  should  be  encouraged  to  raise  very maintaining carbon levels and to improve top soils structure of the soils and competing
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Final Feasibility Study Report                17Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources jL£^MRyJjtudy and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
Volume 1- Executive Summary
soil  loss.  Legumes  may  also help in getting better topsoil structure, adding  nitrogen  to soil by fixation from atmosphere and thereby improving the structure of top soils.
3)   Available  phosphorous  and  exchangeable  potassium  for  most  of  the  soils  within  the study  area  have  been  found  to  be  at  low.  Thus  application  of  chemical  fertilizers  of phosphorus and potassium are essential.
4)  The  soil  reaction  of  the  soils  of  the  command  area  is  moderately  to  strongly  alkaline and  thus  it  requires  immediate  amelioration  measure,  such  as  applying  of  gypsum  to the soil.
5)  The  electrical  conductivity  values  of  the  soils  of  the  command  area  are  low  so  there may not be any immediate fear of soil-salinity development.
6)    Erosion  hazard  should  be  controlled  by  appropriate  anti-erosive  control  mitigation measure.
7)  Considerable part of the project area is covered by common to many stones and thus required removal of stones.
8) Most of the command area is in need of leveling / grading.
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Final Feasibility Study Report              18Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resour Feasibility Study and Detail Design of Rale Gadula Project _ --------- =
6.  LAND EVALUATION STUDY
Volume 1- Executive Summary
The present study has been undertaken to check the extent of available suitable land for vanous  land-use types  (LUT) Based on the results  of the detailed soil survey  (, land suitability evaluation has been carried out at feasibility study level, covering 7722
Land  suitability  maps  at  1:10,000  scales  have  been  prepared  separately  for  each  LUT considered
The climatic condition of the project site is very convenient to grow various crops such as cereals, oil crops, pulses, vegetables  on the all mapping units  where as  fruits  can be c own on up land of the area.
r
The land evaluation study  was  conducted based on the FAO framework  for land evaluation scheme, in which the methodology  outlined in "Soil Bulletin No. 55, (FAO,
- 985)  Guideline  for  Land  Evaluation  for  Irrigated  Agriculture"  and  "Soil  Bulletin  No  32:  A c -amework for Land Evaluation". Land evaluations include the following procedures:
v Delineation of land unit map based on the result of soil survey,
z Translation of the characteristics of each land-mapping unit into land qualities,
v Selection of crops or land utilization types,
z Determination of the requirements of each of the selected LUTs,
■/ Matching the requirements of each LUT with the characteristics of each land mapping unit,
J Land suitability classification,
J Presentation of the results.
In the study area, low-productivity mono-cropping rainfed agricultural is usually practiced with minimal use of modern inputs, lack of favorable pricing for the products ooor infrastructure, very limited credit services, increasing unemployment and' land fragmentation These are the consequences of rapidly growing local population and intensive family labor. Peasants of the surveyed area mostly grow annual crops such a teff, barley, oats, wheat, ma.ze, peas, chickpeas, lentil, shallot, blakcumin, coriander fenugreek and onion.
1Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources
XL^bility Study and Detail Design of Rale Gadula Project
7.6.3 Salient Features of the Canal System
The salient features of the Canal System are as follows: Main Canal -1 (MC-1) 30.9Km long for Q = 3.651m3/s Secondary canals - 30 No.; Total Length = 59.45 Km Tertiary canals - 150 No.; total length = 160.35
7.7  STRUCTURES ON CANALS AND DRAINS
Volume 1- Executive Summary
The canals  are aligned in flat/gentle and steep slopes  according to the topography  of the area. They  also traverse across-hilly  area, natural drains, villages, access  roads, etc. Describing these ground conditions  assist in establishing systematic  approach to categorize canal x-sections  and hydraulic  canal structures. All the canal structures  such as C.D. Works, bridges, escapes, head and cross regulators etc. have been shown in the map as  well as  marked in the longitudinal sections  of the canals. All structures  are so planned that they  are combined with other structures  so that number of structures  and their overall cost has reduced considerably.
Whenever there is  inadequate headway  (difference between canal bed level and high flood level of drain at the crossing point of a natural drain to pass  its  design discharge under the canal, one alternative would be to shift canal alignment towards  downstream of drainage to get adequate headway. Other alternative would be to shift the canal alignment towards higher levels i.e. towards upstream of drain and provide a canal siphon or a super passage (over chute). Both have been carefully  examined and suitable choice is adopted as per site conditions.
Possibility of diverting small drain to big drain or shifting canal alignment so that only one cross  drainage work  is  required after confluence of two drains, has  also been explored and done. A total of 2702 canal and drainage structures are provided as given below:
Main Canal
202 nos.
Secondary canals                  640 nos.
Tertiary canals
1850 nos.
Majority of structures are falls due to the topography. WWDSE in Association with ICT
Final Feasibility Study Report              27Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources
j££^bility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
7.8 IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN
Volume 1- Executive Summary
This  component of the irrigation design constitutes: (ii) supply  canal net works  (MCs, SCs and TCs); (ii) drainage canal net works; and (iii) irrigation and drainage structures. Water surface profile for all supply  canal networks  is  completed and command requirement at all reaches  of the canal network  including full supply  level for the headwork  is  fixed. Preliminary level canal & drainage network  designs  and irrigation & drainage structures  design to enable performing cost estimates  for the feasibility  level is  also performed. The BAGID project has one MC, 29 SCs  and 157 TCs  from the supply  side and one major cut-off drains, 79 TDCs (Tertiary  Drainage Canals) four major cross  drainage structures  (flumes, and major road crossing structures), and 157 minor cross  drainage structures. Other structures  identified in both command area systems include:
Table 7.2 Total number of Structures on various canals
S.No.         Type of structures
Unit
Numbers
1
0.50 m Drop
No
2945
2
0.75 m Drop
No
440
3
1.00 m Drop
No
125
4
Flume
No
3
5
Siphon (Major Road Crossing)
No
1
Total
3514
More  over  the  command  system  include  186  measuring  structures  combined  with  division boxes and drop structures. The detail design work for irrigation structures is under way.
7.9  ROAD NETWORK
The road network  in the BAGID project is  designed to constitute two levels: (i) access  road, and (ii) farm roads. Access  roads  are designed to run along the main canal route. Farm roads  are located within the farm designed to access  blocks  and tertiary  units. The length of roads in each road levels is provided below. Access roads are designed to have 9m width
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Final Feasibility Study Report               28Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources ..ggsi^ility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
Volume 1- Executive Summary
including the drainage ditches and farm roads are designed to have 7.5 m width including drainage ditches. Detail Irrigation system layout is presented in Fig 5.3 below.
Table 7.3 Details of Road Network
S.No.
Name of Road
Unit
Length of Road
1
Access Road Along MCs
Km
35
2
Farm Road Along SCs
Km
60
3
Farm Road Along TCs
Km
165
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8. SOCIOECONOMIC STUDY
Volume 1- Executive Summary
The Social and Economic base line and impact assessment was conducted in Goro and Sinana woredas situated in Oromia region in Bale zone as part of the feasibility study of irrigation development project to be implemented in the area.
The primary  aim of the study  was  to acquire general baseline information on the economic social cultural situation of the people in both direct and indirect impact zones. They  include five kebeles  in Goro Sinana woredas  namely  Bale Gadula, Bale Anole, Woltai Weyb, Woltai Nagaya and llani Sogido kebeles as direct impact zones and the two woredas  as  indirect impact zones, the National Oromia regional and Bale zone some important socioeconomic information was included because of their stakeholder ship role.
The investigation of the impact of the surrounding population labour force and other resources  on the Bale Gadula Irrigation project area was  considered during the study, construction and in subsequent implementation steps  are important issues  to be addressed in order to guarantee sustainability  of the project and the socioeconomic feasibility  study  had showed these important issues. The socioeconomic feasibility  study had been conducted in close consultation with all level stake holders of the project. The socioeconomic  studies  are aimed at identifying the resources  such as  natural, labour force land, water etc  skills  and attitudes  of the people in the project area, present economic activities potentials problems, the population good will for popular participation. Special attention was given to identify gender issues; market, income, expenditure, input supplies, social services  and infrastructure and positive and negative impact are assessed.
There are no significant NGO activities  in the target woredas  except traditional informal organizations  and ODA (Oromo Development Associations) and indirectly  participating NGOs  such as  Farm Africa and SOS Sahara. The major ethnic  groups  include Oromo (90%), which is native to the area, Somale, Tigrian, Gurage and few others inter ethnic relation is  based on peaceful coexistence and mutual respect. Islam is  the religion adhered by  the great majority  of the people, followed orthodox  and Protestants Christianity Mostly in the urban. The land tenure system is such that land belongs to the government and the farmers being entitled to only user right by lease system
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Final Feasibility Study Report             30Federal Democratic Republic ol Ethiopia Ministry ol Water Resources
Feasibility Study ami Detail Design ol Rale Gadula Project
theoretically  There   is   no  land  shortage  and  mostly  in  kebeleVs olumsue 1chExecuatis ve SBumamleary pastoralisim  is  practiced  on  traditionally  owned  grazing  area.  The  main  agricultural  act  y is  mainly  dominated  in  livestock  production  and  crop  production.  Spices  and  vegetable production   is   important   for   cash   generation.   Crop   production   is   also   important,   social service provision facilities are not well developed and it is very poor when you go down to kebeles,   Kebeles   such   as   Isanisogido   and   Woltai   Weyb   is   not   accessible.   It   was interesting to know that people’s perception and attitude to the project is very positive as it has  been  shown  by  PRA,  public  constitution,  by  key  informants  and  household  survey analysis
The community is aware of the project since 1992 studied by water development
authority, next study was done during Wabishebele master plan study and before the socioeconomic team visited the communities Oromia Regional president consulted the community and their altitude was found to be positive. Of course they knew that some adverse impacts would befall both on individual households as well as community at large. But they believe that the benefit of the project by far would outweigh the cost.
There will be no resettlement problem because most of the command area people are settled is the kebele centers, most of the command area is bush, grazing and forest lands to be cleared and used to be irrigated. There will be no important dislocation of the community. The existing kebele centers can be used as growth poles or can be used for modern urban centers if planned and used for urban settlement.
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Fina' Fcasib‘'‘ty Study Report --------------------- “Volume 1- Executive Summary
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resource
________________________
Feasibility Study and Detail Design of Bale_GadukT_Pro^cct^_^^^^^^^^^—
9. SETTLEMENT STUDY
Valuable data had been collected on the existing socio-economic infrastructures,
communal and private assets in the project affected Kebeles among others. Primary 
were collected through household sample survey, focused group discussion and p y '
observation of the project affected Kebeles. To supplement and/or triangulate the find’ g
of the survey focused group discussions were carried out in each Kebele with key 
individuals including local leaders and community elders to understand their views about
the project.
Most of the villages  are established around Kebele administration centers, where socioeconomic  infrastructures  and services  like primary  schools, health posts, pastoral training centers, grain mills  and Mosques  are relatively  available. In addition, most of the command area is  bush, grazing and forest lands  to be cleared and used for irrigation so that the dislocation of the households from their current settlement will not be necessary.
To minimize adverse impact maximum effort has been undertaken by professionals 
working on the project through re-adjusting the design work. A case worth mentioning in
this line is the exclusion of the existing villages such as Sole.Alem-Karam.Bale-Dorani
and Bale Gadula from irrigation command area as per the discussion made with the
irrigation design team.
However,  around  230  households  who  have  been  settled  haphazardly  in  irrigation  project
command  area  may  be  relocated  during  project  implementation.  In  addition,  about  1500
hectares  of woodlands, 3,100 hectares  of farmlands  and 400 hectares  of grazing lands will be affected by  the proposed irrigation command area. Moreover, 620 hectares  of farm lands, 300 hectares  of wood lands  and 80 hectares  of grazing lands  will be permanently affected by  the proposed irrigation project canals, access  roads  and other irrigation structures.
Thus,   economic   loss   and   food   insecurity,   community   disarticulation,   homelessness   and
increased morbidity, loss of forests and wildlife resources inCC infrastructures and other moveable and non moveable impacts of the proposed project.
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.
’  loss  OT  private  and  public x.
eis are major adverse
Final Fe“ibrnty study Report 32Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources gsibility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
Volume 1- Executive Summary
Therefore, before the implementation of the project, censes  inventory  of the households to be displaced and all assets  which could be lost by  construction of access  roads, camps, canals  and other irrigation structures  should be carried out. More importantly, cost valuation of the lost assets, resettlement site selection and approval, construction of residential houses  and construction/extension of public  infrastructures  and services  in resettlement sites  should be carried out prior to the deployment of the displaced households  to resettlement sites. The households  to be resettled should be supported in all directions  till they  could support themselves  by  producing crops  or other means  of income generating activities. Thus, relief and rehabilitation support shall be arranged during relocation to minimize vulnerability. The project affected people should also be assisted in skill training based on need assessment to supplement their income and that will provide a sustained source of income over a longer period of time.
The cut-off date for compensation eligibility  should be set by  the Woreda compensation committee and the project implementing body  (the Federal Ministry  of Water Resources) before the beginning of actual project civil works  and following the valuation and registration of all lost assets. Cultivating land, constructing buildings  or settlements  in irrigation project areas  after this  cut-off date should not be eligible for compensation or subsidies. Besides, compensation should not be paid for any  structures  erected, or crops and trees planted purely for the purposes of gaining additional compensation.
Since there is  abundant unoccupied farmland in the project area, privately  owned cultivated land loss  should be compensated on a land-for-land basis. However, loss  of privately  cultivated land can be compensated in cash at a rate equivalent to 10 times  of the Average Annual Output Value (AAOV) of the previous  three years. Policies  to compensate loss  of land or property  by  the proposed irrigation project shall be based on Ethiopian Federal laws, regulations  stipulated by  regional authorities  and the World Bank Operational Directives/Policies on involuntary resettlement
Regarding institutional arrangement, compensation/relocation committee should be established at Woreda level, which is  responsible for actual execution of the program and work  closely  with Kebele administrations, religious  leaders  and community representatives to minimize grievances that may arise during relocation and valuation of
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Final Feasibility Study Report
33Measurement
Compensation (Birr)
1
Private Houses
230
Number
6,451,500
2
Public Infrastructure
6
Number
5,000,000
3
Farmland
620
hectare
16,120,000
4
Sub-Total
27,571,500
5
Administration M& E cost (5%)
1,378,575
Grand Total
28,950,075
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Final Feasibility Study Report 34Volume 1- Executive Summary
federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources feasibility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
10. AGRONOMY STUDIES
Bale Gadula irrigation project which is  situated in Goro woreda, Bale zone of Oromia regional State is  one of the prospective development areas  to alleviate the existing production constraints. With this  respect, the agronomy  study  has  applied the following methods and procedures to formulate the feasibility study of Bale Gadula irrigation project.
Basic   data   and   relevant   information   have   been   assessed   from   different   sources   and climatic   data   of   the   area   site   has   been   collected   from   National   Meteorology   Agency.   In accordance   with   field   operation   guideline,   the   existing   crop   production,   extension   system, main  income  sources  of  the  agro  pastoralists  /farmers  and  other  related  information  have been also assessed during house hold survey program.
Crops  which are suitable for the project are under irrigation agriculture have been selected in accordance with the sated criteria and determined their cropping pattern, growing period
.crop   coefficient  (Kc)  value   in  tropical  conditions  and  proposed  their  crop  intensity  in  two scenarios.  In  the  first  scenario  group  crops  food  crops,  pulses,  oil,  spices  and  high  value horticultural   crops   are   selected   to   be   developed   entirely   by   small   holder   agro   pastoralist /farmers  with  a  cropping  intensity  of  173%,  but  it  was  concluded  that  this  cropping  intensity cannot   be   sustained   by   the   water   availability   in   river   Weyb   Hence   only   156%   cropping intensity  is  suggested.  No  sugarcane  is  proposed  as  water  availability  in  river  Weyb  is  lesser for this crop.
On the bases  of FAO Penman-Monteith method crop-WAT  version 4.3 guideline crop water requirement of each crop have been calculated With this  connection, the required amount of Net and Gross  irrigation requirement of proposed crops  have been calculated as  shown in the tables  of main study  document Corresponding water requirements  were determined and compared with the 80% dependable flow in the river Weyib and corresponding cropping Pattern is recommended for two scenarios with and with sugar cane
Adding to these, basic  agronomic  measures, various  crop production packages  to be implementation in the project have been proposed In general the household income from 1 hectare of irrigable land of farm gate price has  been also estimated as  shown in the table of mam study document
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35Eederal Democratic Republic of Elhlopla-Mlnlstry of Water Resources Jraslblllly Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadul;i_Projec[_g==_^^^
11.     FARM MECHANISATION
Volume 1- Executive Summary
The scope of the study included assessment of present status and availability 
machinery both with investors and farmers in Oromia regional state, Bale zone a
Gadula irrigation command area., their efficiency and utilization hours per day per
per year and idle period of no work, operations that are being carried out, uses for oth purposes, facility of tractor operators and training, repairing facility of workshops to far machinery and availability of technicians, perception of investors and farmers about the work for farming and other activities and use of farm machinery, availability of credit facility, availability of spare parts, diesel, engine oil and other necessities, estimation of future requirement based on discussion with farmers, investors, dealers and experts on
farm machinery and incentives if any from the Government in terms of reductio
interest rate on credit and increasing duration of returning period of the loan.
The methodology  comprised of collection and review of information from past studies conducted on farm mechanization in the area, and other similar documents  reports available on farm mechanization It also included field surveys  and discussion with various stakeholders.
Major findings are
i)    Presently in Oromia regional state. Bale zone and around Bale Gadula irrigation project, land preparation is done by oxen driven oiough (Maresha), prior to 'a ~y season  Since  the  land  at  that  time  is  very  hard  the  seedbed  preparation  is  not done properly
ii)  Sowing of crops is done manually by broadcasting method
m) Intercultural and all other operations nclud rg dusting and spraying a'e a so done manually   Presently   farmers   started   hiring   farm   machinery   like   tractors   and combines for ploughing and harvesting
iv)  Presently  there  are  a  number  of  investors.  Bale  agricultural  development  and agricultuial   mechanization   enterprise,   private   commercial   farms   etc.   wno   are having a number of tiactors and farm implements
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Volume 1- Executive Summary
V)   The   Investors,   Enterprise,   etc.   rent   tractors   and   farm   implements   to   the   farmer   for various   farm   operations.   The   rate   of   hiring   has   been   noted   around   900-1200   B.rr per hector for ploughing and 12-25birr per quintal for harvesting.
vi)    The  investors  and  enterprise  are  not  in  a  position  to  meet  the  full  demand farmers at a proper time particularly, for land preparation and sowing purpos
vii)    To    meet    the    requirement    of    land    preparation,    sowing,    intercultural    and    oth
I
operation,
the
requirement    of    farm
machinery 
for
proposed    irrigation    has    been
estimated
taking
certain   assumptions 
like   output
of
a   machine,   efficiency,   effective
I
work   time   per
day,
etc   and
some   farm   operation
will
be   covered   by   the   farmers.
The   requirement
of
tractors 
has   been   worked   out
to
20   for   irrigated   agriculture   of
l
5,000 ha to be covered under different crops  in two seasons. Beside tractors, a
number of farm implements  have been also proposed. These included ploughs 
1
l
(20)   disc   harrows   (10),   ridger   (6),
fertilize   spreader
(6),   row   planter   (6),   threshers 
(12), combine harvester (6), etc.
viii)     A   cost   estimate   of   30,480,000
Birr   has   been
made   for   investments   on   farm
machinery and vehicles.
ix)  The cost for farm machinery renting has been worked out to be 554 Birr/hour.
1
x)      Proper
arrangement   for   repair   and   maintenance   of
farm   machinery   should   be
ensured.
Accordingly    workshop    equipped    with    about
79    line    items    has    been
I I I
1
I I ii
I
proposed with the estimated cost of 2,957,500 Birr for workshop construction and 2,000,000 Birr for tools  Cost and estimate of proposed skilled /trained and experienced manpower including administrative cost is 825,000 Birr.
Recommendations  have been made regarding mechanization, facilities  for farmers  and investors, Agricultural extension service, Research on farm machinery, Training courses on maintenance of machinery  servicing and farm operations, Proper monitoring and evaluation system etc.
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Final Feasibility Study Report
37Volume I Executive s
Federal Democratic Republic of Eth.opia-M.r.istry of Water Resources
Feasibility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gaduia Project
12.     AGRICULTURAL MARKETING
To address  all marketing decision variables  which are important in the definition of the feasibility  of the Bale Gaduia irrigation project that the agricultural marketing study  was initiated. The specific  objectives  of the marketing study  included the review of tin agricultural market situation of Ethiopia including current policies, identification of market places, services and their distribution in the local and export market, identification of the trade routes in and outside of the country and possible market sectors, and investigation of marketing constraints and opportunities.
The   study   has   analyzed   the   existing   market   infrastructure   including   road   network, transport  facilities,  storage  and  also  market  information.  Generally,  the  study  found  out that the poor quality of transport infrastructure and road network is a major obstacle to the development  of  market  and  the  flow  of  product  from  surplus  to  deficit  areas  causing market   segmentation.   As   market   infrastructure   in   the   Woreda   is   undeveloped,   the marketing  system  is  also  at  low  level  of  development.  There  is  a  lack  of  adequate  all weather road network that connects kebeles and villages with the local. Due to the lack of all weather roads, the local markets as well as villages and kebeles in the project area are not accessible since the existing roads are impassable for motor vehicles and as a result commercial  vehicles  are  not  available.  Pack  animals  i.e.,  donkey  and  camel  are  the  only transport  means  used  to  transport  people  and  goods.  The  lack  of  access  to  modern storage facilities is also an important problem of traders.
The access to reliable and timely market information is also an important issue dealt by 
the study.
A major change in the functioning of the national agricultural markets is the launch of the Ethiopian  Commodity  Exchange  (ECX)  in  2008.  The  ECX  intends  to  create  a  new  market place  where  all  market  actors  (farmers,  traders,  processors,  exporters  and  consumers) can  take  advantage  of  more  transparent  market  information.  Other  improvements  in  the access  to  market  information  also  include  the  monthly  consumer  price  data  base  that covers  major  commodities  in  over  200  markets  and  posted  on  CSA  website  with  regular updates; the wholesale prices of main cereals, pulses and oilseeds that EGTE collects
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Final Feasibility Study Report
38Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources Feasibility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
Volume 1- Executive Summary
and publishes. The rapid diffusion of mobile phones is also among the most rema
change noted.
The study has also assessed the trends in the agricultural production of
Approximate estimate of marketable surplus has been computed on the
national total production of grains which the FAO/WFP food security assessment M'
Assessment was carried out taking specific farm produces which the envisaged irriga
project would more likely produce and supply to the market. Two most impo
agricultural commodities which have high commercial value namely wheat and various 
spices which are the most important traded commodities produced in Bale Gadula have
been treated. Major pulses produced in the woreda and the project site includes lentils, field peas, horse beans and chick peas
The  marketing  channel  and  supply  chain  for  selected  farm  products  has  also  been assessed.
The study  assessed the export market potentials  for selected farm products  that are produced by Ethiopian farmers except grain which the country does not export at present since the export of grains  will have a direct link  with the national grain balance sheet presumably based on national food security. As a result, the export of cereals is banned in order to avoid product scarcity and further increases in domestic prices.
The study  dealt with market entry  requirements, threats  and constraints  faced by exporters  from developing countries  and also the quality  standards, legal requirements, trade and non-trade related measures taken by the EU member states.
Final Feasibility Study ReportFederal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Mmistry of Water peso jrces ^^ibility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
-------- ------- —
13.     LIVE STOCK DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES STUDY
13.1 LIVESTOCK
The economy of the people residing in and around the project area is ma n / based
crop-livestock production The project area has enormous potentia for livestock 
production but productivity per unit area of land is low due to increasing degradation of
the natural vegetation, poor land management numerous livestock diseases tract.c^a
livestock management and low yielding indigenous oreeds/types
The objectives of the livestock sector study focuses on studying the existing situation a^d design and prepare a detailed working plan for development of livestock, ac  culture and fishery  sector in association with irrigation system, which wiil help improve zre rvtng standard of the people in the Bale Gadula irrigation z'zed
a ea
4
r          It   is   rrte^dec   to maximize  the  envisaged  project  benefits  by  oreca^ng  z  a*  for  development  c*  vestocx. which  fits  most  appropriately  into  the  climatic  eco  og  ca  and  socio-eccnom  c  corcrcrs of the project area. The farming system of the oroiect area s s m ar ail over me keoees. The  dominant  farming  system  is  mixed  ^arming  where  croc  production  taking  t^e  cn  s share.
Major livestock species in Bale Gadula Irrgafcn Droiect are cattle sheeo goats ecu ~e
and poultry. The livestock population s estimated at 25.4*3 ^'_U, rclud rg oouitny cane
20,565.93, sheep 145 11, goats 688 6  doraey ’"99 35 ~uie 2315 5‘* ''orse 444 44
and poultry 58 63 TLU
Livestock management is similar m a <eoe es r me oroject area Tractiora vestocx 
management is a salient feature m me project area ike in most cans of me country 
Private livestock ownership is the mam ivestock owning system in me oroject area
According to the information from experts ivestocx owned oy a housenoia rd cates me
relative wealth and social status in the community
According  to  household  level  survey  iesuit  from  a  total  of  98  households  ntetvewed 61% replied that livestock covet less than 20 % or the annual income 39% epbed that
yyyy'Dyh in A Mliuii with l< I
Flildl
Su.dy Ac vstVolume 1- Executive Summary
federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Water Renounes 
H^sibilily Study and Detail Desip,n of Bale Gadiila Project
livestock covers 21 50 % of annual income This shows; that livestock are not prim ry
source of income in the kebeles.
I  he  project  area  has  potential  for  livestock  development  The  agricultural  policy  and
strategy,  feed  resource,  climate,  the  tradition  of  the  people,  other  agro-ecological  factors 
and  deep  rooted  farming  system  are  opportunities  for  producing  livestock  and  livestock 
products.  The  opening  of  an  all-weather  road  in  the  neighboring  Wereda  Berbers  about
35-40  km  from  Goro  town  that  connects  Berbere  Wereda  with  Goro  Wereda  is  another
opportunity for live animal marketing
The indigenous knowledge of agro-pastoralists and established livestock a a e
d
system are additional opportunities for livestock production in the project area Hcwe/e
feed shortage followed by livestock diseases are bottlenecks for livestock product.c 
the project area
13.2 APICULTURE
The  project  area  has  potential  for  apiculture  deveicomert  ~ e  ^oreybee  flora  ava  at  ;ty 
x
of  bee  colonies,  climate  (well  defined  season  of   owenrg,  other  agro-eco  eg  ca  factors 
n
and  farming  system  are  favorable  environments  ‘or  —airtairirg  ''creyoee  oo.cr.es  arc 
for  honey  and  beeswax  production  SDices  oroduction  s  ore  of  the  occortu**:  es  *or
beekeeping  as  it  uniformly  flowers  at  same  ’  me  and  erabies  to  oroduce  noney  trat  oar
be labeled as known source
Deep rooted experience and indigenous \now»edge of
oee ^aragement are add tcra
opportunities  Bimodal rain is  anotner ooDcrunity  mat
times in a year
enacies ^orey oroductcn two
Despite the potential for apiculture deve<ooment
^se of rsecx ard herbicides tn*
of farmers to change traditional ^oneyoee
system are major constraints
apiculture in the area of crop
extension woikers ano ack or
Low eve> or awareness aoout the value
production and oiest development ano
□reduction system nto modem
r
"e ar rude
□reduction
and oere is of
r
othei bottienei *s toi apicuituie
hive nanagement knowledge resulting n development n me oioject area
acK of trainee
aoscondmg areI'odri
b'raxil
•»'I'rmm  i.uii  Repuhlu  ol  Hhlopla  Mlnixliy  ol  W.ilei
Resmii < ex
Volume I l*:xr< ullvr Siimiii.ii y
Mllh S,u,lv ■Hhllh-l.ullh>.. |.„
l
O|
Hold
■ increased incomo and povoity roduction through incroasod agricultural
production, employment and incomo generation possibilities, and
• improvement in livestock development due to enhancement of fodder
requirement and vetonnaiy seivices.
C  ommunity  consultations  weie  held  with  community  representatives  of  Weltei  Naga,  Balo Anole   and   Rale   Gadula   kobeles   in   which   participants   from   the   religious   leaders,   older people, youth and women, kebele cabinets wore involved.
The alternatives that are considered for the proposed irrigation project are:
• locating the irrigation project on the site where negative impacts are
minimized,
■    improving the efficiency of the existing projects and restoring degraded
croplands to use rather than establishing a new irrigation project,
■   developing small-scale, individually owned irrigation systems as an alternative
to large scale, publicly-owned and managed schemes,
■   alternative irrigation system design; and
■    no project “business as usual"
Environmental management plan is  prepared for the proposed Bale Gadula Irrigation Project prepared, which describes  possible potential impacts, proposed mitigation measures, project phase, preliminary  cost estimate and responsible bodies  for the implementation of the activities indicated in the plan.
Environmental monitoring programs  will be carried out and the result will be used to evaluate the extent and severity  of actual environmental impacts  against the predicted impacts, the performance of the environmental protection measures  or compliance with related rules  and regulation and overall effectiveness  of the project EMP. The parameters to be monitored during project implementation of the proposed project are:
■ water quality,
. landscape and aesthetic value assessment,
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Elnal Feasibility Study Report                 44Volume 1- Executive Summary
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources Feasibility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
■   level of ground water table in the command area,
■   the status of fauna and flora,
■   incidence of water related diseases and public health,
■   socio-economic situation,
■   the status of downstream impacts, and
■  the effectiveness of awareness creation campaign.
Conclusions and recommendations have been discussed in details in the stu y pFederal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources £££sibillity Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
15. WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Volume 1- Executive Summary
Watershed management is  the wise use of resources  within a given geographical area so as  to enable sustainable production. Watershed management is  an activity  that changes in land use, vegetation cover and other structural and non-structural actions  that are taken in a watershed to achieve sustainable developments. Watershed approach brings together the technical and some socio-economic  knowledge available for successful implementing of watershed management.
Based on these, a study  was  conducted in Bale Gadula watershed, located in Bale Administrative Zone of the Oromia National Regional State of the FDRE. Almost all the population in the watershed area belongs  to the Oromo ethnic  group; their settlement and agricultural occupation is  said to be in practice over centuries. The study  area belongs  to the Weyb sub-basin, which forms  part of the Genale Dawa Basin, covers  about 4143 Km2 with altitude range of about 1600 to 4200 masl. The watershed constituted the four major traditional agro-climatic  zones. These are Woina Dega, Dega, Wurch and High Wurch; those are falling from low to the highest elevation in the watershed respectively. Agro- ecologically, the watershed falls  in Hot to Warm moist mountains  (1%), Tepid to cool moist mountains  (23%), Tepid to cool humid mountains  (33%), Cold to very  Cold sub- humid mountains  (26%), Tepid to cool humid highlands  mountains  (12%) and Cold to very  Cold humid highland mountains  (4%) sub-zones. Out of the total watershed area 64 per cent is  cultivated, 4 per cent is  grazing, 7 percent Afro-alpine & sub afro-alpine vegetation and 24 per cent is under forest, wood or bush land cover.
The main objectives  of the study  is  to identify  existing biophysical and socio-economic conditions  of the watershed and the study  shows  that land degradation in the form of soil erosion, shortage of livestock  feed as  compared to the number of livestock, lack  of community  awareness  in natural resources  conservation and other socio-economic problems  are huge. No concerted effort has  been made to reverse the prevailing conditions.
The methodology  used to conduct the study  is  generally  based on systems  analysis approach where the analyses  were made at two levels  - at watershed level and secondary data base. At watershed level, biophysical components of the watershed are
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Final Feasibility Study Report
46Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources ^£^H}ility Study and DctailDcsign of Bale C.adula Project
Volume 1- Executive Summary
described and compiled as  elements  or components  comprising the system. Secondary data, which is relevant to the situation analysis, are collected and compiled. The result of land capability classification shows that about 63 per cent of the watershed is classified under land capability  class  III; it indicates  that seasonal drainage becomes  a serious problem on large portion of the watershed.
As  a result of biophysical and socio-economic  study  of the watershed the following development interventions  are proposed: (1) Promote and strengthen watershed based crop and livestock  production and development, (2) Promote and strengthen watershed based soil and water conservation to retain rain water where it is needed and drain safely excess water to protect soil erosion and reduce erosion associated hazards, (3) Promote and strengthen grazing land improvement, (4) Promote and strengthen hillside to rehabilitate degraded lands  and at the same time to facilitate plantation of degraded hillsides, (5) Promote and strengthen re-aforestation to maintain natural vegetation and rehabilitate degraded lands  and at the same time to contribute towards  fulfilling the requirements  for fuel wood, construction wood lumber and fodder, (6) Promote and strength rainwater harvesting, (7) Promote and strength community  feeder road construction and (8) Capacity building to adequately provide the necessary technical and material support in designing appropriate water harvesting and soil conservation structures  and in implementing them for efficient use. A total cost of project has  been estimated to be 935 million Ethiopian Birr over three years period of implementation and over 50 per cent of the cost will be covered by community labour contribution.
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Final Feasibility Study Report              47[•edcral Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Water Resources ^asibihty Study and Det.iilDesign ol Rale (iadula Proje. I
16. INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Volume I - Executive Summa, y
_ 
.
The objective of this institutional study is to prepare an organization structure for the two phases  of implementation and project operation of the Bale-Gadula Irrigation Project when construction is  completed, with the list of manpower requirement and maintenance equipment for the infrastructure created under the project.
The proposal for the First Phase of the Project, which is  Implementation of the Bale- Gadula Irrigation Project independently, is that a High Executive Committee and a Project Coordination Office will be established at the Ministry  of Water Resources  in Addis Ababa.
In addition a Project Implementation Unit will be established for the project and would be located in Robe. The Project Implementation Unit will be assisted by  a Steering Committee composed of zonal representatives  of relevant Technical bureaus  of Oromia Region.
The proposal for the final phase of the project, i.e. operation and management of the Bale-Gadula Irrigation Project, is  that a semi-autonomous  government entity, named Project Management Center, and under the general supervision of the Genale_Dawa River Basin Authority, which have to be created. In case the project is taken up before the creation of the authority  the PMC shall be put under direct charge of a high powered committee of MOWR or STATE Government of Oromiya. The preferred location of the PMU is  at the hill-top facing down the existing Bale Doreni Village. It has  commanding position relative to the farm with refreshing breath. The new location has  suitable foundation soil type for the construction of the buildings.
To ease the burden of such an entity in dealing with individual farmers, it is assumed that the farmers  will form water users’ associations. Organizing farmers  under water users associations  would make it possible for the PMC to deliver water at the off-take of a tertiary canal to a water users’ association.
The staffing plan proposed for the Project Coordination Office, Project Implementation Unit and the Bale-Gadula IP Project Management Center is  presented. The total
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Final Feasibility Study Report             48p!deru lL
a
Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources
Jollity Study and DetailDesign of Bale Gadula Project
Volume 1- Executive Summary
==
manpower requirement is estimated at 16 for the Implementation phase and 108 for the Project Management Center.
Qualification requirements of the posts in the proposed organization structures are also detailed.
The annual payroll cost of the organization based on average of pay scale is as follows Project Management Unit/Centre = 1,175,420 Birrs per year
The Project Coordination Office and Project Implementation Unit shall cost 264000 and 312000 Birrs per annum.
For senior PMC staff a short orientation program outside the country and management training at the EMI of 10 to 12 days duration is considered necessary and satisfactory.
At the beginning of water delivery to irrigators and towards full operation of the irrigation project, it is  proposed that the designing/supervising national consultant’s  water management expert be brought in to supervise and train water management procedures to the PMC personnel. This  is  also considered as  a means  of demonstrating by  the consulting engineer that his design has been implemented properly and that the irrigation system works as conceived.
The total estimated cost for training of PMC staff both within the country and outside is estimated at Birr 453,000.00 (Four Hundred Fifty-Three Thousand).
The  beneficiaries  of  the  project  being  rain-fed  farmers  with  no  experience  in  irrigated agriculture would need to be properly and intensively trained in irrigation techniques.
Training of water users associations and individual farmers would have to be performed by regional bureaus of Agriculture & Rural Development, Water Resources Development and Cooperative Promotion Office. Training would consist of irrigation techniques, maintenance and upkeep of on-farm works such as canals, drains and farm roads; and basic accounting procedures for WUA’s.
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Final Feasibility Study Report             49Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
Volume 1- Executive Summary
17. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
The Bale Gadula Irrigation Project has as its objective the production of about 1,674,368 qt of crops annually on net harvestable area of 5,150 ha .The crops will serve for the consumption and for the market. Under the existing cultivation wheat, maize, chickpea, haricot bean, black  cumin, coriander, onion, and red pepper crops  are grown by  the farmers The irrigation would commence in about 75% of the net irrigable area in the 4th year The same would gradually increase and full development of irrigation would take place in the 8th years. 12 types of crops are proposed to be grown while it is also currently used largely  for farming activities. The proposed cropping intensity  is  156% with total cropped area of 8,034 hectares.
Investment Cost: The total cost of the project amounts to be MBirr 5,544.2 that would be incurred throughout the life of the project. Of this, MBirr 557.1 is for initial investment, MBirr0.2 for replacement of assets  and MBirr 3,586 for taxes  and MBirr 1,401 for operating costs. The initial investment cost of MBirr 557.1 consists  of MBirr506.7 investment, MBirr 44.4 of operating and MBirr6.1 working capital. In addition to this, the annual organization and management as well as maintenance expenditures would start from the 4th year onwards.
Operating Cost: The total operating cost inclusive of operating capital over the entire years  time of the project is  estimated at MBirr 1,560.3 the average being around MBirr52/annum.
Source of Investment Finance: The project would be implemented by the fund that will be obtained from the financer preferably  by  government in the form of loans. It is estimated that the initial investment cost would be covered by the financer. The initial investment cost is planned to be repaid within 15 years time at an equal annual payment of MBirr 112.6.
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Final Feasibility Study Report 50p edeik!Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
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====_
Table 17,1 Summary of Investment and Source of Finance
No
Source Of Finance('OOOBirr)
I
Financer      Farmers          Total
Share Of Financers In %
Description
Financer
Farmers
Total
Total Cost
1,818,170    3,725,999
5,544,169
32.8%
67.2%
100.0%
1 Initial Investment
Cost
557,138
557,138
100.0%
-
100.0%
1.1 Initial Investment
Cost
506,660
-
506,660
100.0%
-
100.0%
1.2          Operating Capital          44.377
-
44,377
100.0%
-
100.0%
1.3          Working Capital              6,102
-
6,102
100.0%
-
100.0%
2 Annual Operating
Costs
224,897
1,175,687
1,400,584
16.1%
83.9%
100.0%
3            Income Tax                 1,035,941
2,550,312
3,586,253
28.9%
71.1%
100.0%
4           Replacement
Investment Cost
194
i
194
100.0%
-
100.0%
Cost Sharing: The farmers  will cover the major components  of the annual operating costs whereas the financer will be responsible to cover the entire investment costs as well as  a portion of the annual operating costs. The Financer will cover about 32.8% of the total cost whereas the farmers will cover 67.2%. Considering the payment of income tax, the Financer will cover about 28.9% and the farmers cover about 71.1% of the total tax amount.
Production and Revenue: There will be two partners that will conduct the project. These two partners  are the Financer/government and the farmers. The benefit streams  are estimated by the established farm gate selling prices of the crops. The farm gate average selling prices  of the crops  is  Birr783/qt consisting of Birr569/qt of the farmers’ and Birr214/qt of the Financer’s share. The estimated share is done on the bases of their cost contributions. The share of the financer’s  benefit is  done mainly  for the recovery  of investment costs. The annual revenue from the main and the by-products at full scale of development is estimated at MBirr526.4
Net Revenues with the Project: Currently, crop production takes place at a place where the project is going to be implemented. The farmers would be involved in the production of crops  after the implementation of the project. On the basis  of the crop budget
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Final Feasibility Study Report 51Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia-Ministry of Water Resources ^Feasibility Study and Detail Design of Bale Gadula Project
Volume 1- Executive Summary
estimates, the farmers could get a net additional income of Birr 160,721/ha as the result of the project.
Job  Creation:  The  level  of  unskilled  rural  labor  employment  will  increase  from  the existing level of 1.34 Million maydays to 3.4 Million man days.
Viability  of the Project: The viability  of the project is  evaluated based on financial & economic  analysis  and financial statements. The result of the analysis  shows  that the project is  viable in all of the viability  measures  of criteria. On top of this, sensitivity analysis is conducted by varying important variables. It was found that the project could remain viable under all the sensitivity  tests. Under the base case scenario and considering the payment of income taxes, the IRR, the B/C ratio and the NPV of the project amount to 26.0%, 1.7 and MBirr1,839, respectively. The financial discounting factor which is used for the financial analysis relates to the lending 7.5% interest rate of the Development Bank of Ethiopia. The result of the financial IRR is therefore higher as compared to it for both before and after the payment of taxes. Its economic IRR and B/C ratio amounts to 32% and 2.8, respectively. The economic discount rate is 10.23%.
Therefore, it can be concluded that Balegadula Irrigation project is  viable from financial and economic point of view. The project, if implemented, will have significant contributions to the socio-economic  conditions  of people in the project area and of the region in particular, and the country and national economy in general. The income of people due to irrigation in the command area will increase to the level that they can be able to pay for their needs  and the social services. The increase in agricultural production and employment opportunity will make further contributions to the local and national economy.
In view of the above findings, the project deserves priority and it is recommended that the project be implemented as early as possible.
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Final Feasibility Study Report 52

Summery

Bale Gadula Irrigation Project Summary

Bale Gadula Irrigation Project - Executive Summary

Project Overview: The Bale Gadula Irrigation Project aims to irrigate 5,000 hectares in Ethiopia's Oromia region by diverting water from the Weyb River, benefiting approximately 5,000 households.

Key Components

Infrastructure: 46m diversion weir, 30.9km main canal, 59.45km secondary canals, and 160.35km tertiary canals
Water Source: Weyb River (306,322ha catchment area)
Location: Goro woreda, Bale zone (7°6'-7°9'N, 40°18'-40°37'E)

Technical Studies

Study Area	Key Findings
Hydrology	Mean annual rainfall: 998.7mm, 80% dependable flow secured
Geology	Low seismic risk (0.02g), suitable basalt bedrock
Soils	Vertisols dominant (56.2 meq/100g avg CEC), requires phosphate/nitrogen
Agriculture	156% cropping intensity, 12 crop types (wheat, spices, pulses)

Socioeconomic Aspects

Positive community reception (no major resettlement needed)
Estimated 3.4 million man-days employment created
Farmers' net income increase: 160,721 Birr/ha

Financial Analysis

Metric	Value
Total Project Cost	5,544.2 million Birr
Economic IRR	32%
Benefit-Cost Ratio	2.8
Payback Period	15 years

Implementation Plan

Establish Project Implementation Unit in Robe
4-year phased irrigation development
Water Users Associations for management
453,000 Birr allocated for staff training

Conclusion: The project is technically feasible and economically viable (IRR 26%, B/C 1.7) with significant socioeconomic benefits. Recommended for immediate implementation.