* /
IMPERIAL ETHIOPIAN GOVERNMENT
AWASH VALLEY AUTHORITY
ADDIS ABABA
• '
MELKA SADI - AMIBARA IRRIGATION PROJECT
ADDITIONAL SOIL STUDYIMPERIAL ETHIOPIAN' GOVERNMENT
awash valley authority
ADDIS ABABA
MELKA SADI - AMIBARA IRRIGATION PROJECT
ADDITIONAL SOIL STUDYCONTENTS
I.           INTRODUCTION
i. 1       GENERAL
1.2       OBJECTIVES
1. 3      FIELD AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
2.          general description of the study area
3.          RESULTS
3. 1      IRRIGATION WATER
3. 2       leaching REQUIREMENT
3. 3      LEACHING TESTS
3. 4      SALINITY, ALKALI AND BORON STATUS TN THE SOILS under present and future irrigated CONDITIONS
3, 5 INFILTRATION AND PENETRATION TESTS 3, 6 shallow well pump-in permeability
Page 1
] 1
2
5
7
7
9
1 0
TESTS
4. IRRIGATION SUITABILITY LAND CLASSIFICATION UNDER. FUTURE CONDITIONS
4. ] CRITERIA AND SPECIFICATIONS
4. 2 RESULTS
TABLES
1 7
18
20
24
24
pi,
I-
2
FIELD INVESTIGATIONS CONDUCTED AT 3 3t) SITES analysis of awash river water3   - DIFFERENT TREATMENTS FOR REACHING TESTS ATS
No. 3 00 (MELKA WARAR RESEARCH STATION)
4   - ANALYSIS OF AWASH RIVER WATER USED FOR LEACH1
TESTS AT MELKA WARAR RESEARCH STATION
5   - ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY VALDES (mlllimhos/cm Al
OF 1:J EXTRACTS BEFORE  LEACHING AND AFTER LEA FOR 12  TESTS AT SITE  No.  300  (MELKA WARAR RESEAR STATION) ON SALINE BROWN LOAM
6                  -      AVERAGE      VALUES      OF      ELECTRICAL      CONDUCTIVITY      (mil cm     AT     2     5°C)     OF     I;     1     EXTRACTS     FOR     LEACHING     TESTS     WJ SAME DEPTH OF WATER WAS APPLIED AT SITE No. 300
7 
- ELECTRICAL  CONDUCTIVITY VALUES (millimhos/cm AT  . OF 1:1  EXTRACTS BEFORE  LEACHING AND AFTER LEACJ AT SITE  No.  3  01  (MELKA WARAR RESEARCH STATION) OIS NONSALINE BLACK CLAY
8   - ANALYSIS OF A COMPOSITE SAMPLE OF CITRUS LEAVES I ING SYMPTOMS OF CHLOROSIS
9   - INFILTRATION TESTS VALUES AT EQUILIBRIUM
JO - SHALLOW WELL PUMP-LN PERMEABILITY TESTS VALUES j EQUILIBRIUM
1 1 - FEASIBILITY GRADE IRRIGATION SUITABILITY LAND CLASS FICATION SPECIFICATIONS
12 - AREAS OF LAND GLASSES AND SUBCLASS ES
FIG UR ES
1
2
LOCATION OF THE S3‘UDY AREA
SALINITY TRENDS BEFORE LEACHIMr i a
FOR 12 TESTS AT SITE No HmOfi-r' °
STATION) ON SALINE BROWN LOAM WAKA* RESEARCH
A ^TER LEACHING- percentage of initial salt remaining in the soil in
RELATION TO DEPTH OF LEACHING WATER APPLIED PER
UNIT DEPTH OF SOIL (FROM LEACHING TESTS AT SITE No. SOO)
I     -     SALINITY     TREND     BEFORE     LEACHING     AND     AFTER     LEACHING AT     SITE     No.     301     (MELKA     WARAR     RESEARCH     STATION)     ON NONSALINE BLACK CLAY
5   -   BORON   CONTENT,   SALINITY,   E.   S.   P.   AND   S.   A,   R.   IN   SOIL   PRO FILES M m-NONIRRIGATED AND M i 77-IRRIGATED
t - INFILTRATION TESTS
7  - PENETRATION TEST NEAR LEACHING TEST AT SITE No. 301
8  - SHALLOW WELL PUMP-IN PERMEABILITY TESTS
9  - IRRIGATION SUITABILITY LAND CLASSIFICATION OF MELKA SADI-AMIBARA AREA
APPENDIX I - SOIL PIT DESCRIPTIONS AND ANALYTICAL DATA APPENDIX L - BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS1, INTRODUCTION
1, 1 general
The present Study was carried out during the period 24th Decem
ber I'"! 7 0-2.8th February 1971 on the area of the proposed Melka
Sadi- Amibara irrigation project which covers 17, 770 hectares
(geographic area).
The Study  Area is approximately  180  km due north-east of Addis Ababa and  lies on  the eastern  side of the Awash  River extending towards the escarpment of the Alledeghi Plain (see Fig. 1).
The Study was carried out by Dr. Fabrizio Ratio, Chief Soil Scien tist of Italconsulti by Mr. Tewoldebrhan Teclema riam  Assistant
(
Soil Scientist with the cooperation of Mr. Flttiwy Gebreyohannes
and Ato Samvef who were provided by the Awash Valley Authori
ty. The Study was performed under the direction of Mr. Antonio Tamburrino, Project Manager and the supervision of Prof, Enrico 
Romano, Senior Soil Scientist, in cooperation with Dr. As rat Fel-
leke, Chief Agronomist of AVA, Mr. Kefyalew Achamyeleh, Chief Engineer of AVA .Dr, C. R.K. Prasha r. FAO Agricultural Officer in the Melka War ar Ke search Station, and Mr. A.G. Goudie of the StaLc Rivers and Water Supply Commission (Australia). C onsultant Agronorm st to AVA.
The work was done in full consultation with Mr. William Peters, Tropical Soil Science Advisor of the US Bureau of Reclamation, who 
had been appointed by IBRD to prepare the terms of reference, to review the field work and the final draft report including laboratory analyses and maps.
1.2 OBJECTIVES
The present Study was run for the following reasons- 2 -
to  increase The accuracy  of I he land  classification  of rhe pro posed  project area by  means of field  investigations (including field testing) and laboratory analyses;
to determine the degree of salinity and alkalinity in the proj ect soils under existing and future (irrigated) project condi tions;
to obtain additional information on soil permeability deter mined by means of infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivi ty tests as related to ascertaining the waler intake, leaching of salt®, maintenance of salt balance and determination of drainage coats;
to determine the boron content of the soils and of the Awash River Water.
I. 5 FIELD AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
To      meet      the      requirementH      of      the      terms      of      reference,      the      following field and laboratory work was done:
1 )     113 soil pits, 3 m deep
2)          263    boreholes,    J    m    deep    (4    0    of    which    located    about    5    m    away from soil pits}
3)      23 boreholes from 5 m to 6 m (sunk at the bottom of soil pits)
4)       12 topsoil infiltration tests (about 5 m away from soil pits)
5)       23 shallow well pump-in permeability tests
6)       I water penetration test
7)          2    leaching    tests,    one    of    which    consisted    of    3    2    different    treat ments, the other combined with the penetration test
R) comprehensive laboratory analyses (including boron) on 504 
soil samples collected from significant horizons of the 113 soil pitsLOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA
MAS9AWA
ADEN
1 FRENCH
SOM
FrJE'A/AHK
DlHEbAWA
LEHXMPTi
' -U /
ADDIS ABABA
----------------A^AU
H0S5AMA
k Ml JAN]
■TEFEftJ
jASSELA IQCOJJ
oapotA- 3 -
9 )    screening tests (electric^ conductivity and pH) on 61 2 soil samples collected from boreholes 3 m deep, mainly at three different depths (topsoil, 1,5m and 3 m)
10)    screening tests (electrical conductivity and pH) on o2 soil samples collected from boreholes from 3 m to 6 m
11)   electrical conductivity for 360 soil samples from leaching 
tests.
12)    comprehensive analyses (including boron) on W samples of Awash River water from five points and on 1 sample of Awash River water used for leaching tests
13)    I citrus leaf analysis for micronutrients.
Thus, soil and land characteristics were examined at 336 sites (sec Table I), with an average density of 1 soil profile per 5 3 hectares; sufficiently accurate for a feasibility type survey, con
sidering also the data previously collected.
The soil profiles have been  described  in  field  sheets using  the de finitions suggested  in  the U5  Department of Agriculture "Soil Sur vey Manual" and in the FAO "Guidelines for soil description' .
1
The description of the soil pits (point 1 above), the laboratory ana lyses (point B above), the description of the boreholes from 3 m to 6 m deep (point 3 above) and the screening teats under point 10 are given in Appendix 1. The description of the boreholes 3 m deep 
(point 2 above) and the screening tests under point 9 arc given in Appendix 2. The deLails and the results of the investigations under points 4 to 7 and li to 13 are given in Chapter 3,
All the analyses and the screening tests on the total of 1, 52B soil samples collected during the survey, as well as the analyses on the
10 water samples were performed according to the procedures out lined either in the USDA Handbook No, 60 or in the latest US Bureau of Reclamation instructions, Analyses under points H, 12 and 13 above were run in [lalconsult'a Rome Soil and Water Laboratory. Screen ing teats under points 9 and 10 were run in the field. Electrical con ductivity for 336 soil samples from a leaching lest consisting of 12 different treatments was measured in the Laboratory of the Melka Warar Research Station.nun
COt<TWCT<* AT HI- 5 -
2 general description of the study area
Three main  geomorphologLcal unite may  he recognized  in  the Melka Sadi Armbara Area: (he recent alluvial plain,  an  old  alluvial terrace an  vu  - carric formations.
The Study Area lies on the recent alluvial plain which is bordered by the
□ Id alluvial terrace to the east.being separated from it by a sharp escarp
ment about i 0 m high.
Vulcanic formalions were originated by lava flows which influenced the course of the Awash River; they occur mainly to the west of the Study 
Area and only to a very minor extent inside it.
Many temporary streams descend to the plain from the eastern terrace;
they are collected by a smaLl canal running along the foot of the terrace
and separated from the Awash River by a very gentle undulating,long, convex divide, a Little higher than the remainder of the plain. The small
canal runs towards the Unda Biien swamp located to the north-east of the area.
Once the Awash River meandered through the aLluvial plain depositing its load as its velocity dropped. The rate of deposition near the main stream
was considerable since in some places the river actually runs above
the level of the plain and is bordered by levees.
Two main phases of deposition are readily recognizable. During the first phase, sandy or loamy-textured levels and Lenses were mainly deposited throughout the area while during and after the first phase erosion took place in the area and modified the original nearly flat land surface: the
result the tormation of a landform very similar to that now present. During the very recent second phase a clayey textured layer was deposited in the low-'lying areas along the eastern and western edges of the Study Area. The thickness of the clayey layer ranges from a few centimeters to more than 
i meters, depending on the previous topographic conditions (1). Flooding and sedimentation have been reduced although not completely eliminated since the Koka Dam has been built.
(I) Animal burrows filled with clay were found in soil pits during the Survey.- 6 -
Most of the area is covered by bushes and/or trees; a tunnel forest a few hundred meters wide occurs along the Awash River. A large area free from vegetation occurs on the convex divide which runs along the middle of the Amibara sub-area (see above). Some areas are already- irrigated on the western edge of the Amibara sub-area.
Villages occur throughout the plain.- 7 -
3. RESULTS
3. [ IRRIGATION WATER
Awash River water wan sampled during the period 3 I st December 1970-I9th February 1 ?7 I at the following points!
Awash Station
Melka Sadi proposed diversion weir
immediately downstream of the confluence of the Kessem River immediately downstream of the confluence of the Kebena River Melka Warar proposed diversion weir.
Thus, the effect of the influx of flows from hot springs upstream of
the project and the quality of the Awash River water during a period 
of low discharge were determined.
The results of laboratory analyses are shown in Table 2.
Boron content is generally absent or fairly low. Values oi pH range irom 7,6 to 8. 6. The water contains moderate amounts of residual carbonate, which might necessitate slight additional leaching. Ac cording to the electrical conductivity and sodium absorption ratio values, the Awash River water can be classified as C£ S|, i, e. of medium salinity hazard and low sodium hazard.
By correlating the electrical conductivity values of (he samples col lected during January and February 1 97 1* with those previously col lected by AV A (1). it can be stated that there is a similarity between
(1) Analyses of Awash River water collected at the gauging Stations of 2\wash Station, Awara Melka (Kessem River) and Kebena
‘.Kebena River) are also given in Vol  1 - Hydrology and Clima
+
tology, tables 61. 62 and 63 (italconsult Report. 1968).‘•'•to o«
K.C..I0* (nucrwibaa
*t M *C)
s«>t4«
•t 110 »c
'•-«/ li
—
Na.CO
Sodium
AMorpalom
H«Ua
i r**4
1.11
0. 7©
1. Of
111
1 04
1 •?
■.1
7•
T 1
04
T ■
t?
*••••* m '
1 21
0 40
l.M
2.00
1, 12
1 IT
’1
0.0
o. s
7. 7
7■
2. M
I. JO
1.00
1. M
1. <7
*"
• 2
T.i
0. 1
■1
T.«
7.0
l.l>
T 0
i.is
1. 00
111
i.sr
T © I 1.5
0.0
7ai
mw i
MW      | MW « MW $ MW fa
‘M
5 *M
J. 00
J. AS
01 1
T’1
7.7
"♦I
i- 9 -
the values regarding Awash Station, Melka Sadi proposed diversion weir, Awara Melka (K^ssem River) and Kebena (Kebena River) while the electrical conductivity increases gradually downstream
of the Melka Sadi proposed diversion weir up to Mclka War ar. This is thought to be due to waters deriving from hot springs which flow into the Kemm and Kebena Rivers downstream of the gauging sta tions of Awara Melka and Kebena. Assuming the discharge of the hot springs to.be 0,4 cu.m/sec approximately and the electrical conductivity of the relevant waters 8.000 mlcromhos/cm approxi mately, 20 cu.m/sec being the total of the discharges of lhe Awash River at Melka Sadi, of the Kessem River at Awara Melka and of lhe Kebcnai River at Kebena, with an average electrical conductivi ty value of 300 micromhos/cm, the average electrical conductivity ot the Awash River Water at Melka Warar is 400 micromhos/cm. According to this hypothesis. the annual discharge dur to the hot springs would be 15 x 10& cu.m, whiles the? total of the annual dis charges due to the Awash River at Melka Sadi (l 600 x !0^ co. m), 
f
the Kessem River at Awara Melka (590 x 10^ cu.m) and the Kebena River at Kebena (301 x 10^ cu, m) is 2.500 x I0& cu.m approximate ly. Thus, the annual average electrical conductivity of the Awash River water at the Melka War ar diversion weir (where most of the water required for the irrigation of the proposed project will be diverted} will be 340 mic romhos /cm.
Ln conclusion, the Awash River water, even at the lowest flow, is of satisfactory quality for irrigation, with adequate leaching and drainage.
3.2 LEACHING REQUIREMENT
Lt L king will be required in order to avoid a progressive accumula tion in the soil of the salts which are present in the Awash River wate r.
The seasonal consumptive use, calculated by means of the Blaney C riddle Formula is V = hob mm. the average effective rainfall is Ra = 550 mm; the average growing season effective rainfall is Re = 185 mm; the average surface runoff is estimated as 2Q0 mm. 
The porUon of the consumptive uae to be supplied by irrigation is’ 10 -
cw
D       =    666    -185    =    481    mm.    The    surface    evaporation    in    the    nongrow ing     season     is     135     mm.     Thus,     the     average     depth     of     rainwater     enter ing the soil annually is 550 - 200 - 1 35 = 215 mm.
The leaching requirement is therefore:
481 x 0, 4_ _ 
(215 + 481 )x 3
The amount of water to be supplied for the leaching is:
L_ _-------- 666-------- (215 + 481) = 22 mm n  1 - 0. 07
In a second step, considering that the quantity of leaching water now calculated is:
LR  - .          (481 4 22) x 0.4—_ _ 0> 07 (215 + 481 + 22) x 3
1 
=
- bhb--------- (215 + 481 + 22) = 22 mm
n  1-0. 07
Taking into account the irrigation efficiency coefficient (0. 70) the gross leaching requirement is 22/0, 7=31 mm = 310 cu. m ha
This is a very low volume and it could be supplied by increasing 
the water required during one of the latest irrigations, outside the peak requirement period.
3, 3 LEACHING TESTS
Leaching tests were carried out at two sites (No. 300 and No 301) located in the Melka Warar Experimental Station. 
At site No, 300 the leaching test was carried out in cooperation with Prashar, FAO Agricultural Officer,over saline brown 
loamy soil (with an infiltration rate of ! 2 cm h). 0.5, 1,0, 1.5 and 2. 0 meters of water with constant heads of 3-5, 6-8 and 9-11 cm
’
'Table 3
DIFFERENT TREATMENTS FOR LEACHING TESTS AT SITE No,300 (MELKA WARAR RESEARCH STATION)
Soil type:                     Saline brown loam
Testing period; 6 to 2ft February 1971
Water Applied
Test
No.
Depth
(m)
Quantity
(1)
Constant
Head
(cm)
Days Taken 
to
Add Water
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
10
11
12
0, 5
0. 5
0. 5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1. 5
1. 5
I. 5
2. 0
2. 0
2, 0
3. 125
3. 125
3. 125
6. 250
6, 250
6,250
9. 375
9, 375
9, 375
12, 500
12,500
12, 500
3-5
6-8
9-11
3-5
6-8
9-H
3-5
6-8
9-11
3-5
6-8
9-11
5
3
2
9
6
5
18
14
10
23
22
22- 12
were appked to Z. 5 x 2> 5 m plots* This leaching test was run an
12 plots using different treatments* The depths and quantity of
water added, constant heads and days taken to add waler are Riven 
in Table 3.
Analytical data of Awash River water used for leaching test are
given in Table 4. It is important to underline that leaching tests
were carried out by using Awash River water during trie period of highest electrical conductivity (430 micromhos cm at 2^°C),
The values of electrical conductivity of 1:1 extracts determined 
by personnel ol the EAO Melka L arar ResearchSuitiou on soil samples taken every 15 cm in depth from the soil surface to 120 cm before leaching and from the soil surface to 300 cm after leaching.
Table 4
ANALYSIS OF AWASH RIVER WATER USED FOR LEACHING TESTS AT MELKA WARAR RESEARCH STATION
Electrical conductivity
pH
Total      dissolved      solids      at !80°C (mg/1)
Boron         (ppm)
4 30 micromhos/cm at 2 5°C B. 00
290
0, JO
Ca++
(meq. /l)
Mr
++
(meq. /I)
Na +
(meq. 1)
K+
(meq. I)
0. 960
0. 880
2. 436 0. 176
hco “
3               (meq. /I)
co "
3            (meq, /l)
Cl' SO '
4
(meq. I)
(meq. 1)
Residual Na >CO
3
Sodium Absorption Ratio
0. 305 0. 046 0. 677 nil
m1 J. 919- 13 -
are given in Table 5. The average values of I the elec
trical conductivity for these leaching tests where the same depth of water was applied are given in Table 6, The salinity trends before and after Leaching and the average trends for the above- mentioned leaching tests are shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 shows the relationship between the percentage of initial salt remaining in the soil after the leaching tests, and the depth of leaching water ap plied per unit depth of soil. The figure indicates that 30 cm oi water are required for each 30 cm of soil considered in order to reduce the initial salt content to 20% approximately. This finding demonstrates that the leaching tests are in full agreement with the theoretical analysis of the leaching problem and with the practical experience gained in areas of US and, generally, of the world.
In order to test the suitability of the clay to be leached a common leaching test was run on a soil represented by 30 cm of clay (with an infill ration rate of H mm/h) overlying a loamy horizon. 90 cm of Awash River water (with the same chemical characteristics as those given in Table 4) was applied to a ] sq. meter plot, maintain ing a constant head of 3 - 5 cm  The electrical conductivity values
r
of the 1:1 extracts (millimhos/cm at 2SoC) measured on samples taken before and after leaching from every 10 cm of depth are given in Table 7. The salinity trend before and after the leaching test is shown in Fig. 4.
Ab a re (ultcif these leaching tests carried out on the brown loatny soils as well as on the black clayey soils, which are representa tive of the soil types present in the project area, it can be stated that the soils can he easily leached free of salts (l).
(1)     Lt should be noted that dr ainabLUty is
restricted at site No, 300.DEPTH (cm I
FIG 2
SALINITY TRENDS BEFORE LEACHING AND AFTER LEACHING
ESTS AT S,TE No. 300 (MELKA WARaR RESEARCH STATION ) ON SALINE BROWN LOAM
electrical
before leachingPERCENTAGE of INITIAL SALT REMAINING in the soil IN RELATION TO Depth of leaching water APPLIED PER UNIT depth of SOIL (FROM LEACHING TESTS at site No 300)
•         0 5m     OF   WATER
•
•
1,0m
1.5 m
OF
OF
WAUR WATER
•
2.0 m
OF
WATER
• •••• • J
• •
••
•
•
•
••
•
•
•
•
•
•
•• • •
•
•
•
•
•
*
•• * •>
• •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
••
•  ••
• •
•
•
••
•
-I—
II
20
depth of water APPLIED per unit depth of souDEPTH (cm)
SALINITY TREND BEFORE LEACHING AND
AFTER LEACHING AT SITE No. 3Ol(MELKA
WARAR RESEARCH STATION) ON NONSALINE BLACK CLAY
0-)0cm:CLAY BELOW JO cm : LOAM TOTAL WATER APPLIED 90 cm CONSTANT KAO J-S cm
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF 1 : 1 EXTRACTS Immhos/cm at 25*C )
BEFORE LEACHING
AFTER LEACHINGELXCTIUCALCONDUCTrVTTT VALUES
- 14 -
/cm AT 25° C)OF || EXTRACTS BEFORE LXaCWNC AND AT TER LEACHING TOR II TESTS AT SITE N.. 100 (I4ELXA VARAR RESEARCH STATION) ON SALINE BROWN LOAM
ViUr Ap*ll»4
(-J
OS
0.5
OS
1.0
1o
1.0
1.5
1. s
l.S
1.0
ao
I9
CmiImI H«*4
lea)
VS
0-0
S-ll
s-s
41
vh
VS
VO
VII
vs
VO
VIIJU
av»ag   value* 
nr ttXcnUCAL CONDUCTIVITY (rn.IUmb.Um AT »• C» CT . I EXTRACTS FOX LXACMT^ TUT*
E
^
mc dci>th or wATnR WA9 appueo aT site n. jm
far Teste N’o
Average   for Teete No
Average for Tee».4 N<a
Soil
Sample
Depth
Average fo 1-
Before Leaching
r  Teata  ->o. 2-5
After Leaching
4- 5-6
Before
7-
After
LeecMag
Before
Leaching
e -v
After Leaching
— Before
Lx a chang
0-15
15-JO
JO-45
45-60
40-76
75-90
50-105
105-U0
120-155
135-150
150-165
J. 5«
2.22
5.93
5.01
4.70
2.04
3. 17
2.4)
2.45 0. 41
1.90 0. 43
5. 44 0.6)
4. 14 1.06
2.00 1. 35
2.61 1. 12
5.65
4. 26
5.04
3.25
2.67
1.96
t.40
3. 07
•
1. 10
1. 12
1.6®
1.59
1.05
1.00
1.07
I. 13
1. 34
1.97
1.32
2.49
I. 1)
4.70 1.76
3. 16
2.44
1.44
0. 4«                        5. 03 0. 76                        5. M 0. >0                        9. 24 1.21                        4. 09 1. 10                       3. 62 0. 40                       2. 52 1.21                        2. 16 1.07                        1.94 1. 35
1. 59
0. 9J
=---------------- •
After
Lx aching
--
0.90
9.64
0. M
0. 4>
0. 93
0. 42
0. 54
0. 51
I.01
1.29
1.62
143-1*0
100-195
1.70
1.91
1.4J
1. 32
1.46
0. 96
1-9)
2.03
195-210
210-225
1.07
1.64
1.66
I. 59
I. 39
1. II
1.49
1.57
225-240
240-255
1.51
2. 11
1.42
1.62 *
1.44
1.14
1.53
1.91
255-270
270-205
2. 52
2.0)
I. 55
1.42
1.32
1.45
1.09
1.79
205-300
2. 13
I. 56
1.92
1. M-16-
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY VALUES (millimhos/cm AT 25°C) OF 1:1 EXTRACTS BEFORE LEACHING AND AFTER
LEACHING AT SITE No. 301 (MELKA WARAR RESEARCH STATION) ON NONSALINE BLACK CLAY
0-30 cm.
Total water applied:
Conatant he ad:
Toting period:
Clay; below 30 cm; loam
90 cm
3-5 cm
18 to 28 February 1971- 17 -
3 4 SALINITY, ALKALI AND BORON STATUS IN THE SOILS UNDER PRESENT AND FUTURE IRRIGATED CONDITIONS
Analytical data and field testa are given in Appendixes 1 and 2: these show the present state of the soils in the project area.
Soils with saturation extract electrical conductivity values of above 4. 0 millimhos/cm at Z5°C in the root rone (I. e. the top
70 cm) are few in number. These mainly occur in the south-east ern part of the Melka Sadi sub-area and along the longitudinal convex divide which runs through the central part of the Amibara sub-area, i. e. on brown loamy soils located in high ground. It is thought, therefore, that unusually extensive and prolonged flood ing which took place in the lower parts of the project area just be fore the survey, was the cause of the present distribution of salinity. In fact, the salinity levels measured during the original soil survey for soils in the lower parts of the area where greater than at the present time, the order of magnitude being almost comparable to the levels still present in alluvial soils lying on high ground which was not flooded.
The leaching tests (see para. 3.3) have shown that these soils can be easily leached and the electrical conductivity of 1:1 extract brought down to I millimhos/cm at 25°C or less (l).
The possibility of maintaining under irrigation a salt balance not damaging to crops, is also demonstrated by the absence of saline soils in 5 year irrigated farms located in the western part of the Amibara sub-area (see Map 1 and Appendix 2).
Sodium in the soils is present at insignificant levels, it can be stated that alkali soils do not occur within the project area. Residual gyp sum is generally present in the soils. The hydraulic conductivity
(I) Among the crops considered for the various cropping patterns tobacco is the least tolerant to salts, requiring a saturation extract electrical conductivity of below 3 millimhos/cm atvalues      measured      on      fragmented      samples      after      I      hour      and      24      hou?t do      not      show      significant      differences.      The      variations      in      sodium      ab sorption      ratio      (SAR)      follow      the      variations      in      exchangeable      sodiuni percentage       (ESP).       Generally       salinity,       ESP       and       SAR       increase       with depth.
Boron in the soils is present in moderate amounts in certain loca tions, generally below the root zone. It is often higher where sali^ ty is higher. However, the boron content varies greatly from hori- zon to horizon, even in the same soil profile.
Observations run by LAR on crop responses have shown a good re covery of citrus trees that two years earlier suffered from a dis turbance due to high boron content in the leaves. Determinations at this location (Melka Warar Research Station) have shown a low er boron content (4 ppm) in the irrigated plots (see soil profile MI77, page Al-83) than (41 ppm) in the neighbouring nonirri gated land (sec soil profile M176, page Al-82). The latter loca
tion shows the highest boron content out of 1 1 3 sites analyzed for this clement. Table 8 gives the analysis of a composite sample, of leaves showing symptoms of chlorosis, collected from the citrus present in the plot where soil profile Ml 77 was examined. Iron is present in very high amounts, taking into account the calcium/boro ratio; it is thought that boron could be toxic; the levels of the other elements arc normal.
Fig. 5 shows the trends of boron content, salinity, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) throughout the 320 cm depth of soil profiles M 176 nonirrigated and M177 irrigated. The figure is self-explanatory.
In conclusion, no salinity alkalinity and boron problems are fore seen when the project area is irrigated with the Awash River water (see para. 3. I).
3. 5 INFILTRATION AND PENETRATION TESTS
Twelve infiltration tests were carried out with a two-ring infiltro- meter at 3 cm constant head after the soil was ploughed to a depthDEPTH (cm)
BORON content.salinity.e.s.p. and S.A.R.
IN SOIL PROFILES M 176 - NONIRRIGATED AND M 177- IRRIGATED
BORON
IppmJ
electrical conductivity
of SATURATION EXTRACT
Immhoi/cmai 25’C)
ESP
S.A.R
--------------------- SOL PROFILE M17E-NONIRRIGATED
SOIL PROFILE M 177-IRRIGATED
*• 40132
IT A t CO Nil        -- 19 -
Table 8
ANALYSIS OF A COMPOSITE SAMPLE OF CITRUS LEAVES
SHOWING SYMPTOMS OF CHLOROSIS
Determination
g. % of Dry Matter
N
P
K
Ca
Mr
Na
SO 4
Cl
Fc
Mn
B
Mo
Zn
Ca/B
P 2°5
k2o
N + P O  + K O
25          2
3. 09
0. 1 2
1. 50
5. 09
0. 40
0. 064
0. 65
0. 035
600
25
230
0. 40
22. 0
221
0. 28
1. 81
5. 18
Physiologic    Equilibrium:
N (%)
p o (%)
25
K2O (%)
59. 65
5. 41
34. 94- 20 -
of 40 cm in order to avoid the possibility of cracks (especially^
the clays). After ploughing, soil horizons were readjusted accor-
ing to their original sequence and soil material compacted. Clef
water was used for the tests.
The     infiltration     curves     are     shown     in     Fig.     6.     The     infiltration     value at the equilibrium are given in Table 9.
The values range from 3 to 1 2 mm/h in the clays and from 12 to 
23 mm/h in the loamy soils. It should be noted that the lowest
value is in agreement with other measurements performed by 
Dr, C. R. K. Prashar, FAO Agricultural Officer, at the Melka
Warar Research Station. All the infiltration values measured ex
ceed the critical value of 2. 5 mm/h below which difficulties arise
in soil management.
The wetted  depth  of soil was always less than  39  cm at the end  of the tests.  These values are in  agreement with  the findings in  the irrigated soils present in the project area.
A penetration test was run near the leaching test carried out at
Site No. 301; 90 cm of water were applied under a constant head of 3-5 cm. The test was run on black clay 30 cm thick, overlying a loamy horizon (see Fig. 7). An average value of 3. 4 mm/h was found for penetration.
The vertical infiltration in the soils of the study a rea can be confirm ed on the basis of the fluctuations of the water table, which are due to vertical penetration of flood waters (almost all the soil profiles examined during the survey were moist).
3. 6 SHALLOW WELL PUMP-IN PERMEABILITY TESTS
Twenty three shallow well pump-in permeability tests (i. e. ; well- permeameter tests) were performed by measuring the volume of water flowing laterally from a borehole 10 to I 1 cm in diameter and 3. 0 m deep in which a head of water fluctuating between 145 and 155 cm (average 150 cm) below the soil surface was maintainedFIG 6
INFILTRATION TESTS
MINUTES HOURS
0 40133FIG.
ENETRATION TEST NEAR LEACHING TEST AT SITE
No. :
TOTAL WATER APPLIED 90 cm
CONSTANT HEAD 3 S cm
0-30 cm ■ CLAY : BELOW 30 cm : LOAM
to 13 4- 21 -
Table 9
INFILTRATION TESTS VALUES AT EQUILIBRIUM
eat
No.
Date
Topsoil
T exture
Infiltration
Rate
Testing
T ime
(minutes)
Wetted
Depth
(cm)
2
31. 12. 70
clay
12
325
38
7
31. 12. 70
sandy loam
17
360
33
13
2. 1. 71
clay
5
375
31
16
2. 1.71
clay loam
22
270
39
21
6. 1. 71
clay
4
360
27
27
6. 1.71
silty clay loam
12
225
23
1 14
24. 2. 7 1
loam
22
340
28
163
5. 1. 71
clay
3
420
28
212
24. 2. 71
silt loam
16
235
232
19
28.2.71
sandy loam
23
290
34
257
28. 2. 7 1
clay
6
255
301
30
17. 12. 70
clay
8
335
39- 22 -
In this way, the lateral permeability determined is a composite
rate for the total depth 1. 5-3. 0 m and mainly reflects the per
meability of the more permeable layers. Clean water was uaej
for the tests.
The      permeability      curves      are      shown      in      Fig.      8.      The      permeability values at equilibrium are given in Table 10 (l).
The     pump-in     permeability     tests     were     run     in     order     to     assess     the drainability of Lhe soils in the project area.(2).
(1)   Test run at Site No. 53 (clay throughout 3 meters of depth) is not shown in Fig. 8 and Table [0: lateral permeability was practically negligible.
(2)   The obtained permeability* values are probably' less than actual figures, :o filler having been installed between he
t
observation well and the soil, the finest fraction which be came suspended., when mt well filled, may have formed a fairly impermeable lining on the well walls.shallow well pump-in permeability tests
7 BO«e b6R
MOle nuM
s
». to 135
4T-tbie 19
SHALLOW WELL PUMP-IN PER ME A B i L IT Y Tz.STS
VALUES AT EQUILIBRIUM
Permeability
Test
No.
Date
mm/h
m/day
2
5
7
11
16
27
40
55
58
8 1
83
89
108
114
212
221
226
230
232
266
280
301
31, 12.71
9. 1.71
31. 12. 70
2. 1. 71
2. L. 71
6. 1. 71
24. 1.7 1
24. 1.7 1
19. 1.7 1
21.2. 71
22. 2. 7 1
21. 2. 7 l
4. 2. 71
4. 2.71
15.2.71
15.2. 71
20. 2.71
15.2.71
15.2.71
19. 2. 71
22. 2.71
27. 12. 70
5. 7
12. 5
19. 3
10. 6
3. 0
3. 3
9.6
2. 1
6. D
4. 7
J. 2
4. 4
5. 3
4. 5
42.0
8.0
8. 0
106.0
700.0
1. 3
J 1 Q* 7
21.2
0. 14
0. 30
0. 46
0. 25
0, 07
0. 03
0.23
0. 05
0. 16
0. 1 i
0. 08
0. 11
0. 13
0. 11
I. 00
0. 19
0. 1 o
2.54
16. 80
0. 03
0. 0Q
0.51- 24 -
4.  IRRIGATION SUITABILITY LAND CLASSIFICATION
UNDER FUTURE CONDITIONS
4. 1 criteria and specifications
The land classification was conducted in order to establish the ex tent and the degree of suitability of the lands in the project area under sustained irrigation. Thus, the classification was based or. future irrigated conditions and took into consideration water qualk tyj soil topography and drainage factors, anticipated cropping par- terns and related farm enterprises.
Suitability of the lands was measured in terms of anticipated net income per hectare by considering the potential productive capa- city and costs of production; thus, the land classes were based 
on the economics of production.
The costs of subsurface drainage and the major costs of land de velopment involving clearing and levelling were considered a proj ect cost rather than a farmer cost and therefore were not decisive as regards land class unless the maximum permissible cost was exceeded.
Two basic diversified crop classes of arable lands and one class of nonarable lands were adopted.
In addition to the land class and subclass designations, informa tive appraisals including land use, productivity, ranges in land development costs, farm water requirement and land drainability were made. The following ranges of land development costs were delineated within the arable classes and subclasses;
1)      less than E. $ 7 50/ he eta re
2)
E  $ 750. hectare to E,.-$ I, 500-hectare.
+
7 he land classification survey was conducted strictly according to the specifications set out by IBRD and adequately meets the accu racy objective of a feasibility-grade survey. The specifications *re given in Tablr I 1.fEA51DlUTY GRADE IRRIGATION SUITABILITY
LAND CLASSIFICATION SPECIFICATIONS
For Dtv. rallied Crop ProducH«i - Griwliy IrrL<*tlon
Jjnd OunclirMw
Clast I - Arabic
CUu 2 Amble
soil#
Tiyiure:
Surface^ D-?0 cm. alter ploughlfig
5uWurfaxe
under lTri(*Blan| In r*ot ion*
SalinUv (at oqulUtrLum. under IrrigtaKanl
hn raet ions
Electrical conductivity ol Huralum
»»i r»efc
Topography
Klop*
Total development coats lor c Lea ring and
1.0 |
Pt* UL-i jjc
Tnlerh.it Idl
J
Sandy loam             frlsbla cl*y iMffl
Loamr sand la at able friable clay toami
than rO*T.
Sandy loam io it able 1 r sable r i.iy
LoBrt‘» idfud tci firm but pc r rri-rable cJays
Leis than ZOfi
Leu than 4 mmhoi/tm
Jji aa Ihii’ ] 0 rnrvihint 'em
1.4 ■■ ih.n 1 percent1
La a ■ thin ES L, SOD'hectare
1 * ■ H lllfl.n | pvT^eni:
Leas shaft H.S ] SOi hectare
1
Good TtJLal«|.B' nve r a wfcdir mini, an u rr
ITaiigp
Mnt.ilinr m dvc men i ir4 ruOl dhrsvlop-
meat may he ■ nnipiwhat ; enped.d
Til table over * narrow ma L stare ran yr
.
"Uji n - NOS-APABU.
Incljdaii I end a vMtb do n<.i ma.l the minimum
for iht r land ..................... ............... and ar. n»i Binuvlt tor ir riant Un
U..d. With »a!l litreted aoLli 1h,*l arV radairnabl* -Uh dUlkcuLU bicid.e al iMur,. poauion. aubai ratum chA»actc riitic a hummocky and a.v.rcLy ■chAhseL-dbr r«c ted Land* and all athwr abvlamly non-arable area*
They tuuz bide etc , ruij^J*
k
(o> ln Br*b lUy tudl.., t^d de<r.)
4(k m.« .nd drdn Wcfcng do not
l-n4 cS„. un1^„ (b* maximum
«d. Economic 4.na Lyate dctermlna aratiilkiv.
permissible con i. pucted.- 26 •
4.2 RESULTS
The feasibility grade irrigation suitability land classification 
under future conditions is shown at a scale of 1:20, 000 in Map i(
sheets 1 and 2 and, in a reduced scale, in Fig. 9.
The    location    of    the    field    investigations    (see    Table    1)    is    also    show> in Map 1, sheets I and 2.
Soil profiles are represented in Map 2. sheets 1 and 2.
The    areas    of    land    classes    and    subclasses    (in    ha)    are    given    in Table 12.riu. s
land classification of melka
amibara AREA
irrigation suitability
legend
CLASS 1 - ARABLE LAND
CLASS 2 -
class e -
BOUNDARY
arable land nonarable land OF PROJECT area
SCALE 1        100 000
No 40136- 27 -
Table 1 2
ARKAS OF LAND
CLASSES AND SUBCLASSES
Land Class
Subcla as
Hectares
8,788 6
1
2
l
2s
6,810. 4
Class 1 -2 Tolaa
15,599. 0
6
6 sd
6t
6td
6d
6std
32. 8
254. 8
110.8
45. 2
856. 4
Class 6 Total
1,300.0
Class 1-2-6 Total
16,899. 0
Geographic deductions and rocky
zones
87 r. 0
■
Total
17,770.0APPENDIX I
SOIL PIT DESCRIPTIONS AND ANALYTICAL DATAi i i
»O1L PH DESCRIPTION AND ANALYTICAL DATA
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ANALYTICAL DATA*I|H
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■ I bU«U.SOIL RT DESCRIPTION AND ANALYTICAL DATAAPPENDIX 2
BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
♦       .141’ •borehole description and field tests
IHIH* ■
|ie*a «tcro*olftf:
VOfOtatloa aM ••• toH pariooabHIty :
SEE-SOIL PIT M I (page a I-2]
H
----------1
tore* Ole No $|
Oslo: 29 12/70
Flold appro I sol by: F. Rallo
location        Ami bar a Plain (for detail are Map 1. Sheet 2)AJ-)
BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION ANO FIELD TE8TS
No : 34
DtU. >0'!*'*•
Field appraisal »y F. R^llo
Uutlen             Amibara Plain (for detail see Map I. Shtsl 2)
"ncroeoiiaf
About 0% level elope.
Frequent buehea and few trees.
Moderately slow.borehole description and field tests
,/
' SEE SOIL PIT
Al-5)
|4ll
:AZ 5
BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TE8TS
iX*,f
5:
A miv*'a
Plain ft*' detail tea Map 1. Sheet 2)
About 05 !•*•! •lop**
V .a 1 small fee (acacia). Watte.
Mode ratal* rapid
,,r-.......... ”■
,aWr 1<**m
loamy
itndv loar^
loim s* d
n
■ lightly cslcar*oos
calcareous
noncalcarrout
calcareous
non alctreoue
slightly calcareous
lUil'QA
5 tM n.ceorellof
Vrritba ra
Dale 10 tJ 7C
Plain (tor detail arc Map 1.Sheet 2)
About Q-*. level Slupe.
Waste.
Moderately alow.
Field appraisal by F. FLallo
*•’'
sag UM
tit,
•’ «*•<
■* * *
M itcallaRseui
-
••nd
. alra rrous
cal car edits
i alcareo jv
cal C*?r »u«borehole description and field TESTS
S*
AmiUr. Pl«i» «•'
Oslo: JOdJ/70
■” M,F *’
2)
Biota v*
|»ll
About 0* na«rly !•<•!
lM «M WOBtO.
Modarstaly alow.
torahola no.: SlO
Date:          30/12,70
Localloa                    Amibara Plain (lor detail ate Map 1. Short 2) Biota and mkwallBf: About Of. levwl flcpr.A2-J
BOREHOLE description and field tests
• low'borehole description and FIELD TESTS
Ffeld •pp |
BoroNola Mo " $13
ri ta|
IIX I Amibora
Hope e*d
plain (for detail M*P ’• Sht•,
About 0%                 •lop»«
rrnwent bu.hoa and trees. Farm 50 m north of boreholo
Soli petoaabHIlf
Moderately alow.
Semple
depth |<m|
ncnealearroua
over 1 00 cm: noncalcareoue, below ] (X) cmM-*
borehole description and field tests
I
Fl vid a0*ft«aai                  ; F. llalto
: S ' .«r. ?«•'- ,,Dr d,U11
M ‘P '■ S’,e',I>
l,l<*
l *         „ «.«'•••"•' 0”
*’•
.x elightly undulating elope. G<lg«t microrellaf.
. urnt hvahea and tr»ee. Farm about 50 m north of borehole
1                p t*d «•*                    * r<,q
fO*11’*
pll •
xco4cr*t«ty alow-
Ssmpla depth |<m
F«
'   <•-4
•» • 1 «•««
>»•<
Ml»«allaaoous
Teatw»«
**
-------
0-20
8. 0
0. 10
norialca reoui
»ih >o*^_         __ l
non* alcareous
oam
__
*<! -
90-100
8. 0
0. 12
noncaleareous
elay                __J
IR0-2OO
8. 0
0 54
calcareous
in*
•jj.'O till*
U- WO
• lightly calcareous
sand
•>edy loam
calcareous
loam
280- 100
R. 0
0. H
calcar mui
|
~
~~~
***••• No sis
Dill
1/1/71
Field appraisal t>v F. Halid
•*** ,M R,croraliof and Mt.
,
h p * «aag|||
1f .
Amthara Plain (for detail see Map 1, Sheet 2) About 0*. alighrly undulating slope
Grassland. Few hushes
Slow.
MitselUnaewi
0-50 cm: caleareeve: S0-2Z0 cm atroagly calcareoua
calcareousborehole description and field tests
VM***'** ** •” comm»»
Gr»»l»«.
gOl|
•           Slow.A2-1I
borehole description and field tests
by F. Pallo
efsH«’
4/1/TI
Pl.ifl detail see Map I. Shear 2)
About Of. level el«P*. Common craehe 40 cm vide and I 00 cm <Urp approv.
. uent trees and buehea (many treed are dry).
rr q
Moderately alow.
’*••••• Wo 5 20
Oato; 4 I Tl
Field eppralaal by; F. Ballo
1                             A mi bar* Plain (for detail eee Map 1, Sheet Z)
,l0 ’“     >"4     NHcroreHaf:
••Ulatlpn tnd UM _
h " ot’maebiiH. .
Moderately Blow.borehole description and FIELD TESTS
LMtlien ' AiMbera Plala (lor detail lee Map I. Sheet I)
|i»M •*< «»<fOta It nearly level ilopa, Gll|al and pillow mlcrorellef. Vapalai***' e*d ••• Common beabai and few ace da Ireea. Craelng.
■----- —r-
Horliee
dap* «•!
faateie
Saapla Nplfc l<M|
pH
|i im4
rf > 1
»•*«*»•*
H*<
Mltcellaneovi
o.uo
day
■lightly calcareoui
ZZQ-210
sand
□oncakareoai
——
110-MO |
aandv loam
■-------------------------——._______ _ ________ _
-—]
—
“—
-------- ------------------
J
Borehole No t SZZ
Dale; 4/1/71
Field appraisal by F. Hallo
I act I Ion .            A nd bar a Plain (for detail mo Map 1, Sheet Z}
Ilopa   ano   microreilat   About   0r.   nearly   level   al   ope.   Pillow   microrelief, V*felation aM uao . Few buihto, Grassland.
Sett peteeeMlllf:                  Moderately slow.BOREHOLE description and field tests
Field ■pp/aitei by r
*............
•••
,#tinr
About 0% level elope.
Frequent treat and buahea
Slow
Mo. 324
Oe|>;
4/|/7|
Field appraisal by F. Rai Io
Anuhara Plain {for detail le* Map 1. Sheet 2)
1            *M ni<ror«l|(t
!**•'«<.« Md
About 0**. level elope.
Common buohea and few dry trees
Moderately slow.
•borehole description and field tests
Data:
»ppr»|ta) by.
:            A^Mr. P1.I. <«•» *•«
|lap« aa4 labCtafaMtt: About 0% !•*•! •»«•?•-
“*P h *l
Vatatatlea
“ ttl
lei! pa«iMUIUt> :                         Me4eraielr ■l«w-AJ-I <
BOREHOLE description ano field tests
■ppraleal fry . y.
Plain (for
•••
About or. !•»•>
fr.qu.nt bu«Ma. CraalM-
Mo*«rJkt*>r ■low‘
*•
21
Dale : 4/t/Tl A ml bar* Plain (for detail ten Map 1, Sheet 2}
Field UP'tlsal by: F. Malle
ll *« “« mlcrotaitai
ana
UM.
U"
About 0% level slop#
Many treat and buehee.
■Moderaiely alow.
Xborehole description and field tests
Wo Sit
Date: 5/i/^l
locslloe:
Amlb»t» Pi*'« «•» d,ttU ’*• M*’’ L 5h’*‘ 11
|iop« sM micro«aHat About 0^ la vol al»P»
xunr *U Cl If...; «t Ih. boundary with -n.t« Im
Soil
Moderate.
Ho«laea
<•
Vaaieie
Semple lep*h It ml
1
pH
|l «r»4
•» t |
»«•<
M iacollq r«   ,
9u
0-10
■and, loam
calcareous
•ouzo
•lit loam
calcareous
12Q.I10
•indy loam
ca 1 co r eou a
HO-ZOO
•lit loam
calcareous
~
" "1 200-2*0
•andy loam
calcareous
WOUW
calcareous
'           —~ ——— —a:
BOREHOLE description and field tests
Fie« atfraieal .T r. Kallo
«»•
M puin !<<" druH *‘!r Map h SheBl 21
OU, l< nearly level atop-.
Waate
Moderate.
...................
M*i<alfeaeov>
calcarecue
calcareoua
cilcireoua
ralca re out
calcareoua
_______
•wUaie Ho.: u
I'UIlB'
Data 5/;/7i AmiKara Plain ((or detail iflt Map I, Sheet 2)
Field apor.i.tl by F. RaUo
l ’*H »M microrahof:
.nd ...
0 tu IS elightiy undulating elope.
Many huehea (including Gallo! rop lx procera) find few trees.
Moderately rapid.borehole description and field
TESTS
•ooMie Na SM
Dale: l/l/ll
F ',,d •PP«.IUI b>
tactile*   *   Anubert   Pl   al   a   ilor   detail   ate   Map   1,   Sheet   2| JlbOe a*d •icre'tliel: About 04 level elope.
Yofelatioa tad tea                Cotton, Aabtah Farm San permeability:               Moderately alow.
• lightly calcareoui
calcareous
i: 0-170
cakareoue
ITO.ISO
cakarcouo
IW. JOO
calcareous
toreholi No : S!<
Location :
S’aoe «*o microrehet
Dale |'I ij
Field approleel by
*Metetn
B Mg m
SEE SQJL Pl? M 34 I page Al. 15)
•an M’weebiiit.A. I •
Dale:           * i/?l Amibara Plain (for detail see Map 1. 5heet 2)
Field appraisal by- F. Hallo
,lftM •* m*croraH«| -
sag
*'*ssbi||.
About 0% leva! elope.
W • ■ l e,
*• • > >>r<
• lightly calcareous calca reaus calcareous calcareous calcareous calcareous
calcareous
calcareousborehole description and field tests
S(
|p«oNO>0 No $ JT Locallon*              Aimbar* |iop«     aM     BlcrOfOllat Voto'ilto H nw
Soil HMMibiiitr:
Da
Plain   ((or   datall Kbout 0*» !•*•» «’*1 If a at a.
Jlow.
>•: »/!/« '<.<«
. Hip 1. Shtttl)
H.
i
«•
Taalaro
Seapl'
pM
W i 1 «.'• |
»b«A-r-
l»*<
Mliiol|a     ~
neov
c-n
clay loom
a lightly calcareous                                   "
M-I9C
ham
calcareous
PQ-TW
thy
aUghtly calcareous to noncakareoua
---------------------- _
—_
—■—I
'-------------------------
- ------------------- -
-------------------- --
_
——
---------------------------------------------------------------- -- ---------------------------------------------------------------
•otihola Mo S !• location
and aiicrorollol VofMaliM id Mfta
Mil parmeablllk
Data. 9/1/71
Field appralaai by: r- p*lle
SEE SOIL PIT M (page Al-171
Mii<olla*aav»A1UI
BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TE8TS
I I i ♦
I
S 40
DatO; 9/1/71
Field appraieal by; F. Rallo
Amibara Plain (for detail see Map I. Sheet Z)
tad
*‘<»orebel ;
® to 1% nearly level elope.
N»i»i^
n •*'" use
U h,«U»IIHt .
Few bui
Moderately alow.
eachborehole description and field tests
Mo. : $4!
location :                 Amlbora Plata ((or detail aoo Map 1. Sheet 2)
Slate a*»d nucroroliof 0 to 1% level elope.
Vegetation and ooo ? Faw acacia Irene and common buabee. Burned grassland Hll waaahHiif:                            Slow.
Homo*
daft
foaioto
Sowpie
dopthlcal
pH
•••J 
•4 • 1 *•««
M i • < ♦ 11 o naoui
0-10
elay
allghtly cakareoua
—-------
I0-IS4
loam
strongly cakareoua
*     "—
150-200
alley clay loam
:ao-25o
• and? loam
strongly cakareoua
——____
ZS3-10C
clay
•
strongly cakareoua
—
------ —-
~——
JAl-11
BOREHOLE description and field tests
■ppr^cal | . r. SUUo
y
r-------------------------------------
Iwhwa No S5i
Dale IVI/71
Field ap»«laal by F. Hallo
l4H ** •»‘c»or»||ef •
and WM
SEE $OIL PTT MM (pw Al-Ml
**
Mlaaallanaewiborehole description and field tests
Bc/eO'e *• Sil
[Hill®" ’
0>,t tl/l/TI AmlMra Plain (for detail tea Map 1. Sheet 2)
I'ore ar»d wicrxalltf About 0^ nearly Io vol elope Vapelat«o«i »M                         Few buehee and dry treat Mil pt’metblllly :                       Moderate.
Me^tt*
dep*‘<«'
leatere
Sample dep«K It*
..
IL
•i 1 1 ••••
•»•*•*« ••
!»•«
Irr a tlowaa^|
calcareoue
'
0-500
eandy loam
~
'     ——
•
‘
--------- ----------
“--- —----- — 
JJU H
0OREH°LE description and field tests
I
I
PI.U, (for *•“»
M *p *• Sh"* 11
«hou! nf. I*»  »  >* SH«htly undulxlnt li pile.,
el    lo
ir-
f ,„ bu.h... *»»•»• n'*,5T-
low
Mad.r.ioly • -
........... ..
Mo $99
Dale: JO'I n
*»•<* apprttMl by • F. R«U®
Lacet'ee
® Ml
Amlhara Plain ((or detail o«e Map I, Sheet 2)
"•‘crorallef • o to J*, nearly level elope Nagllflbla Cllgel mlcroreHoC
•" •"< um Ftwbuehei. Graalng.
*■ -.............. *borehole description and FIELD TESTS
■•'•Ml* *•       51
LM.f..                    *”**'•
!><««                                 AW»»0*l
VX.UIIM MX <”  r~Wrt»
|«il Mo4»r«t«l
Oo detail a
>aarlf Id
• and ire y alow.
|e;       30/1/71
at Map 1. Shaet 2)
val alopa.
tea.
Field appreleel b
0
Noflia*
4ep<h «■
Itilwte
L
Utopia dapih <la)
pH
i»
•» • i •«•-
Miac«||Qn>Ou|
0*40
tlM
0-20
0.0
0.1?
noncakareoua
40-55
c’.af loam
calcareoua
55*70 1
•and
cake reous
~
70*40
■ ill loam
calcareoua
------ -------
90.240
•andv loam
140-160
0.0
0.55
calcareoua
-
240-280
tl»T
allfhtly calcareoua
200*100
loin*.
200-300
6.5
0. 19
calcareoua
1JU-J?
borehole description ano field tests
$|0Z
30/1/71 plain (<•» d.»U ... M.P 1. »w« 2)
o% •lightly lUduUtlng dope.
.............. *“*•'
* few &«•*••• Crailng.
^erataly
....................
gepth cm I
■ lightly ealcereoua
calcareoue
Dt««;         >0/1/71
FIM< letrilill fry: F. JUIlo
l*Uee :
I ljw IM
SUH**
Amlbare Plata (for detail ne Map I. Sheet *<cror«l|«f : Abaui 0*1 nearly level elope.
1M
r—buehee.
Slow.borehole description and field tests
Dftla j 10.
He.. 5, i04
«... ('« “* M*P ’■ SKlt' n
Slop* Md
¥«gtl«H4ft
0% Beirly !•«! alflp*-
Fowbuihw, Dr<*l»r.
Sall pirFUtlbHUj :                Slow.
H«rir*n dirfl^ l<m
Itvftnt
Iar*pl«
pM
'.<*! ,■
li l*-1i       1 a< 1 1 BiU
■MriaAni «< II* t
D.lOG 1
eUt
0-20
4 40-lfeD
8. 0
1.0
y. . t
0. 49
■Ujihtty cslc»irii<m«
~
ZH-3M
l«m
JHQ-JOfl
1.0
0. 54
cllcav*au«
'
p
———-J
“ ——-J
——-
—
--- --- - -- ---
1Ai-n
BOflE1HOLE DESCRIPTION AND HELD TESTS
F '*l* 
if- r. RiJioBOREHOLE
description and field tests
Eeratiel1 • Me.' 5 3SI
Lot a tie* 1           Araihara Plain lie Slept ■"d mlerurallat Afceut 0%
Data:       34J/J • Tl r deMLll •”«           11 ■ 5heSt 31
■Jfldftj Litiftg |lDF<|
Fl,ld  h^_"' "     r * Mo
V»g«III ma and Sell per m*i IP 11 If:
Slow.
HB4 ilS« rflfllh
f«Rlifr*
* ■,,J
•* '•»
H'l
M ii e 1114 j
n 4 Q(rf
0.5C
lajxr.
ciLcareoui
5C-2Lt)
| CUT
________
—
cfiit*;r*ew«
-                  -—^1
ZK-21D
lacdy iaSm
p * L« * r ecu ■
,
________
zio-z^a
■end
cAtcareeuv
jan
■th i&«m
.ilcareouB
—-
——
-------------- —-------------------------- —. -------
■
________Ai-II
BOREHOLE description and field testsborehole description and field tests
Al. t
Bar oho It
NO. Sill
Ool«: 10/1/71
Lacillon                     Amibin Pltln ICor detail tea Map lt Shoot 2)
i siop«              miefpriHil:       About 05.  hourly Love! ilopd    -
Vffallllo* and uOt                  Common tuakot and tow Ireoa.
toil pormotbllltf                    SI**.
FWd
bv   p
.
*»l|0
ToaFaro
dwh '<■! 1
ISfHCl*
dtpih i*l
pH
■ 1 imI
■* 1 1 ll'r
H't
|«u 1
0-1 20
CUT
Q-20
a. o
0. 12
saltfl.rBDUf
—’       —--------
izoujo
nit lixtr
calci mui
—----
[‘ 10-JSD
□Ay
140.14.0
6.0
0.24
itlLjhtly t«leiF«iji
—-—_____
; bo- :? o
lUl loam
c» L C 0 F EDU ■
.2I0-Z50
lM tn
CiLl to ? *ou ■                                                                                                ———J
250-Z70
■ Lit l&im
4<lc*renLii
~
17D-100
l&im
JflQ-iCO
8.0
0, 7*
ulna r«flui
■— -S1S31 Qiaii OH* NOUdlHUSJU 3lOH3**°a
HT?Vborehole description and field tests
DQfthoO Mo 5 lib
cut
<>■*■       n/
L»c>tit* s             Amltaw PULb (for d-t**1 ••• MiP l-
•«<*                         About 0* t-arlyfo**l ■ l^P*
«*• r fcUav hlg Manil
la |i pwmMbiUV l                 Mod*r-t«ly •-<**■
I' 7!
STbrnr 2)
-DC*Bl|
'"...
1 F‘
Hl'ltl*
cm
Timwre
la^pla
4»plh «ft|
I
pM
|l. I»“*
■1 II 11*1
-**-*.- ai
I*4«
Mii  n
Et   aRaaut
G-<0
iMtn
0-20
i.o
0. 20
ch. 1 c r r e o u ■
'
<C-40
tilt Iemleb
CfclCB.rreU4l
——1
diy
(■.kirtcuR
——~—
»o-4tt
liriiny fluid
zBlCBraaua
—                  --^
JM-ilO
■*Tid
C.a',C*e isur
___
IJ fl-iOG
■ DB-EQ
140-150
fc.O
1. 0]
4*l<4r™ji
>
200-21C
■ fe Frd
rlkirta'ii
* - - ■ --- ------------------- ------------------- ---------------
'"
21^-ZJP
Leu*.HF i*4id
calca.Tecu»
‘233-iro
Lum
zna-m
• -0
2.80
caleiiTe&iia
n6 OREH°    DESCRIPTION and field tests
LE
»«>.: sny
L*il«
31 1/71
Amibifi j* !!or detaLl M.p ], Sheet 2)
Field B0»r4U»l by:
r K411d
Wb
11,0 *M
t
* <rori||»f
About Uf. ]   i ■|Q.p<_
9ve
’ W'’n u„ .
Cosicm.. Alli5-u. Farm. MbdetiteLy ilowrBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
FK 5 1 AO
DH» 1      11/1/71
lppr.1,,
*' F K*1U
l &cii ten Ami ba rt Plain Ifffr 4«tul Map 1 Sfcieat 2)
Slo>» Ifflirf mldOifHtf 1        About D<.            iLcffl-*-
V«9*t4tlCKi              UM        CoM&e, AHiffta Firm,
Soil P«f nobility ..               Maderfc'eL  y ilOw.
-
Hflriiw*
Jtpih cm|
lOltf ?«
$emph 4*pih ml
II
W i i tm
n't
Mh<vlt«na«vi
?-3D
rill l««m
D-ZQ
1! 0
0.25
cilclrnouB
----- —.__ ,__ _
30-110
io<En
------ 1
{■Icartoui
J LQ.Lfifl
d*y lidam
nanrilcar*ou«
~™——•—             __ __
Stfl-l«0     lolls
160*ISO
1. g
0. id
, Jin-£<o
city laitn
•rilciTou ■
253-300
■■nd!
IfiD-JOO
1. 0
0. 20
rticaraigufl
—          “—-
----------- ~r
AZ-17
borehole description and field tests
0 n t" J I /! * 1
t ]v lev*L •
ind huih*«.
id w‘*
Sto*-
OUTSpE THE PROJECT
die* r BCrni
rtl [JrfQ'Ji
ctie*reaui
I50-ITD
aia-l<tnBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Mo : S [24                                          D* LOctllOn :               Amibir* Finn Ifor 4cUil ■ Clap* md mlcrof*!!*! ' Aboui                     Marly li V*o»i   lHafi   And   u««   t   CJojaly   -   a   paced Sail p«fHiv«bliHT
It: 13
RR Mip 3
tv«l fl-arpl
tttS Ire El
/J/H
, Sh*M Zl
.
Rl»>« «f>pfitaal b
F ‘ S*1U
HorlitBi
((HI
T«hIhfh
Sampla dvpl h' t*n |
rh
«<
»- i-i *4|.
M 114 • 110 ri *Bvi              ~    '
O-ZO
d*y 1ms
O-ZO ;
9. 0
0 It
CaU*Ff SUB
~     ~     ~~
ZQ.fclO
Lo*m
caliciriDuv
"     _——— _._
HO-HD
Itumv (And
ca L ci ■ rQ'4f
’~
14D-J0D
cUy
HO-HD
2AO.y<K3
40
ha
o. 1Z
o. iz
C*Lciredul
~
------------------------------------------
-------- -—--
—-
-
______________________________________________________________________________________________________ami
0OREHOLE description and field tests
,n.<
Fl>in Ifor -*•“ "■ w‘p L Sh"'2)
i«v«i flap*.
AlU|«t* Firfn"
gio*
to <mi
MneAlcintrai
c«le«reouj
nenc«lc*r»ua tn cAle#reaui lAowwardf i
*• : 5117
“ W’*:
Amil*™        Pl*In {far detail it*
1/2/71
I. Sheet ZJ
FlfllP BpprtlARI bT : F. Ktllc
*'* 'M *krvfBl|«t
bl
Abe-ui Q% nearly l«vtl vlnpe,
Ju-ig; oMinLd* mini.* firm.
StowBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AMD FIELD TESTS
Tvnlwr*
Jipik '(ft
4*pll- 1 iHi
--------------- -
>w
V ii Air [
' 1 |«Fr 1
• *■ 1
* ii c • II«
~
D-1C
■fci&dhr iCBm
Q-ZO
8, 0
o.zc
talcaieauB
L
■ —- ,,
io-tsg
■'111 leftni
ilO-150
H, 0
0. 45
c*Lc*rieauB
—— --
150-21U
■illy clay
t al ca r «uui
i
2l0 JC-0
■ LIL laam
2BC- J 0t|
.13
z. r>K
Lllrireoui
——                          ’ J
-—-—
-—
— — ——.
______«-♦!
0 OAeHOL€ DESCRIPTION ANO FIELD TESTS
^■1 M SJ11
*’• *1
’’Itrneibei
V,,,H Im uM
11
...............
Oil*. 1/2/71
Andh*rw Filin (foi druil let Map ]. Shen? Z)
AboMl fly. level ilope,
Cot tan, Allljeu FaTfn.
Slaw.
Fiedd kpprwIiAli Kry ' F, SjLLIaborehole description and field tests
■ orahol* Mo. 5 IK
1/2/7X
:
Affler* PL*Ln Kot d«t*H *t* Mtp t. Sheet Z^
flop* tnd microraHvF About l**»L alopfrr
Voootailpn *f*d u»« Cotton. Alh|i»
L
ttiLI ptrmaataLlilt;                Slow.
H*< I i A"
J*p*h <«■
Ivaisr*
lompli
4*tlh «||
P*
1 ' IWMl ' I
•I t »l l!> 1 «'f .
5
M 4 it * i |« •■utj j “  ~ ~
n
D-4D
Lai*m
0-20
8.4
0. (0
n.fjisi£ ■Senreaij.a
40-1 W
eUy
BaBealc»r«>4Fui
— ——-— ___
L 00-180
*Llt Idirn
BO-1 SO
A0
0, 1 4i
c*1<ca?e*UB
JS0-14O
< lay
ralcarfteu.B'
“ ‘~————___j
140-280
laum
c*lcart*ai
210. IM
cUT
2BC->00
00
0. 31
CilEtr««rua
~        ——
“ ——1
1
-~
------------------ ------------------------
1A2 *1
BOREHOLE description and field TESTS
nor
L
- Sh*et M
pLain 1
, n< fi,^hily
drv
.Lop*.borehole
description and field tests
Borehole No.: S I 36
Date i/2/Tl
Location :
Amibara Plain (for detail ice Map I. Sheet 2
)
Slopo and micr oral let : About 0% undulating ■lope. Vapatatlon and Uli: Frequent buehea and trees. Soil permeability :                        Slow.
Heriien depth (cm
feature
Sample
depth Icm 1
pH
it
•4 11
■*
Tl'<
Mlicallonee i
v
0-190
clay
o-ib
I 30-150
1. B '
8. 0
0. 49
0. 57
elightly calcareous to noncalcareoua
190-100
ailt loam
280-300
8. 0
2.43
calcareous
-------- -
•
’-
■
" ""
Borehole No S 137
Oate: 1/2/91
Field appt al eel by; F. Hallo
location ; Amibara Plain (for detail see Map 1. Sheet 2)
Slope and microrelief: About 0% level elope.
Soil permeability :                        Moderately elow.
Her lien depth cm
feature
Semple depth |cm 1
PH
>•
■4 1 1 •••. «»■»■*»»
**
Ml»<elleeeev»
0-20
clay
0-20
a. o
0. 23
aoa<»lcBr«oci
_   _-----
20-110
loam
cal ca reoua
_ _----- ——“
110.190
silty clay loam
100-290
loam
270-290
a. o
0. SI
calcareous
___ — ——
290 300
clayA? I
BOREHOLE description and field tests
r
iHibti* No 5lit
Di 14           1/2/? I
Find
by F. RiUa
i
.          Amitmri      Plata   \for rlrfijLl to** NLup t Shtal !•
^‘HOn irid utB
W " N"M
|
lkm y
A Soul
Farm
M-ade
Q<, level i!op*k
Amb**h Farri'.,
4£e
I
ilBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
s
fiorehol
Locelto
Slop* ■
Vegetal
Soil pe
e No           St 40
C •              Amibart nd mtcrorelief
ion end uie
rmeablllty
Plain |fQ About Of. Farm. A Moderate
Data           2/ r detail are Map
level elope, mbaeh Farm,
ly alow.
2/71
. Sheet 2)
F ’«ld appra.eai hw
*'       *• *«LU
Her lien
depth 'em,
feature
Sample
depth cm
rm
•* » i «.><
II*C
** 'icellaneeut
' "**^*«*» ^
>
0-5
clay
noncalea reoue
5-20
clav loam
5-20
0. 0
0.21
ralcareoue
20-120
loam
cal car roue
—___
120-140
■ illy clay loam
ealcareoua
— —
1<0-290
loam
140-160
H. 0
0. 12
calcareoua
--
290-100
■ ilty clay loarn
290-300
7.5
0. 12
calc a reoue
-
-- -----------------
'—““A21
BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND field tests
Raid appraiau b F Ratio
r
P L>!n     UDf        detahl     Map     I,     She«t     2)
rf
^baLiE 0 . V" V □ndialRtifLR alap*
M&d»rBT*ty
*■‘11. Mb. S14i
D*l»f 2/2/71
Flald tpp/aiial py r Halt*
IKfliig*
b Amlbat-a. Plain (for d<uiL ice Map L, $JigeS £?
AhOui 0% level eLopv?.
•*<■■*•*41 IUMla.w...
1,1 J*1 I bin |.
MaL,r E. F.D. Furm.
Modi* r* Lally ■■.low,borehole description and FIELD TESTS
Borehole No.: S144
Obit: 2/2/71
Field eopr.i  |
aa
Location : Amlbara Plain (for detail tee Map 1. Sheet 2)
Slope and mtcrcreliol            About 0*. level elope.
Vegetation and use                Males. E. F D. Farm.
Soil permeability :
Moderate   ly alow.
•
■----------------•---------
HoritOft depth 'em
Sample
depth i tm 1
PM
••ii «■«.
1»*C
M ucallpMeov*
0-70
clay
0-20
a. o
0. 29
calcareous
70-110
loam
calca reout
—-
110-200
silt loam
130-150
8. 0
0. 17
catcareoue
ZOO.100
• Uty clay loam
280-100
8. 5
0. 76
calcareous
—__ 1
---------------------- ---------
1
Borehole No 5145
Oslo :         2/2/71
Field appraisal by                   F. hallo
Location . Amlbara Plain (tor detail see Map I. Sheet 2)
Slope and mlcroretief About 0^ level elope.
Vegetation and uae                     Cotton. Ambaeh Farm.
• oil permeability                          Moderately alow.
Mor lion dep’h (cm
Tasters
Semple
depth (cm 1
BM
•«
■* i > •—
•r*«
Miicollaneev*
0-40
allt loam
0-20
S. 0
o. n
calcareous
40-hO
clay loam
60-150
loam
130-150
a. o
0. 30
150-170
• and
170-200
loAtn
cal ca r soua
_________ —""          ***
200-230
• lit loam
calcareous
_ _---------
230-300
candy loam
280->00
B. 0
0. 40
calcareous
- -------
___________
MM       * * * “7— 
-Z'
*2- M
BOREHOLE description and field tests
Nb. 5 14?
D«l« 2/2/7 I
Field
fry F H*IL<«
h" .
M ■ AmL'bars PMlin |for dr'iil Mip I, Shvet
“* -K..l.l ,f-
l     Asmjl ,, 1om1 tls)J>
>U1b«.
Ma4vrit«kyborehole description and FIELD TESTS
Bor.h.l. NO SB.
Location                  Amibara Plain (Iot detail tee Map 1 Sheet 2)
Slope and mieroteliel About 0*- undulanng elope.
Vegetal ton and use Frequen: buehea and trees. Jual outside the farm.
Soil permeability:                    Slow.
................... 0,
1'
1
Ho«<ion
depth 'cml
Testers
1
Sample
depth • tn•
pH
ii
•> ' i
«aMA« •- 1P<
Miicellcneewt
**
0-40
loam
0*20
4. 0
0. 12
calcareous
40-ISO
clay
calcareous
---- *^_ I
~~
150-210
loamy sand
150-170
a. 5
n 24
calcareous
——
210*230
loam
ralca*-eoue
—-_
23O-JOO
clay
.’IO- )00
B.O
0. >7
calcareous
""" ~.
■              -—■
------------ J
—            •—,——
--
—A? M
BOREHOLE description AND FIELD tests
No Mil
Data J 1/7J
Ft*I If *por«kj»l bj; F Rallc
Jc*l*h
'•Fl l| |Hr
Amibar* Fla Ln I for de Lail ie* Map I. SbenL 2)
*< Wlc'tttllB'
’     •"< u»a .
U " "’MHiiUy
About D% alighUy nO,<Suiailng iLnpe
Frequtm Lian and bu|Hea.
Mod* rataly iiiIqw,BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borehole No.: 5152
Date: 5/Z/TI
F,tld •BBrolaol by
T r RaUo
Location ; Amibara Plain (for detail ••• Map 1. Sheet 2)
Slope and microrelief About 0% level slope.
Vegetation and use Small pepper a. E. F. D. Farm.
Soil permeability :                         Moderately rapid.
Mar iion
depth 'cm
RM
depth icOi I
ti
•» » 3 •
IPC
MHeelloeeovs
0^20
clay loam
8.0
0. 27
calcareous
^"**'*'S
20- SO
sandy loam
calcareous
lutniY land
-----calcareoua
120-300
aand
I   30-150 2B0-300
8.0
8.0
0. 13
0 10
calcareous
—
----------
10 OREHOlE description and field tests
1 Z/7!
FUIrf i^r»lit,| bj.
r. juua
df|jli Mip I $hM‘
£ level slope -
r >’ D- Farm.
Mad f
, n rl7
t
*
k * *• : 5 L i!-
D»l«
Vi *3
F-.ld
fry ;     F,
■I hiitm Pktfl |for ditail ate Kip 1. Sheer 2}
1 ■•« mkrertiitf
K,n Hd u„
l *”lil'lll|r ;
A.hjguX D* level ildpe.
MnderfcteLy «LdwBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borehole No: S156
Dote:
Field
Local   Ion   :   Amt   bar   a   Plain   (for   detail   a   so   Map   1,   Sheet   Z) Slope and mlcrorellof t About 0* level elope.
Vogel     el    Ion     end    use     Few    bother     end     treat, toll permeability:                             Moderately alow .
Hprlien depth !<m
Tealvre
(snip I*
depth 'rm I
P«
la «»w
•* i »
»•'«
M lie e 11 o h eo«i
*—
0- 70
loam
0- 20
B.O
0.41
calc a reOu a
*——
7Q- an
fclay loom
calcareoue
_»Q-_LOO_
loamy tend
calc ar a oua
-
m-no,
sand
calc ar a oua
~•
110*110
loam.
calcareoue
130-160
clay loam
130-150
«. 0
0. 19
calc areoua
1 Ml- I H
«1*I
calcareoue
1H0-200
____________
ailtv clav learn
calcareoue
200-260
loam
calcareous
Z6Q-)0Q.
ClAX loanr
260-300
0. 0
2. 90
calcareoue
Borehole No : S 1 57
Delo;                     3 2 71
Field epprelael by: F. Rallo
LOCO I ion : Amibara Plain (for detail aeo Map I, Sheet 2)
Slope end microrollet
About O’* alightly undulating atop*
Frequent hueher and trewa
toll permeability :                             Moderately slow.
Herlien
depth (< m
k-
noncakareoue
>0-ISO
Semple
depth «m I
0- 2Q
I 3O-J50
29Q- )Q0
nnnr aicareoue
ealLwreouaAl V,
borehole description and field tests
•l*H *a 5 |*S
l *l>- mkrai>>fiifl|- «M ur. :
L ,,™R|hl ||y
0»t« i
F»»ld •04<»lBAl 6T : F. JUUe
A.rnihiri PJxm (fop de»il ier Map 1, SKr
About           ILElduljllFiJ flop*
Many (rt-i and huahea-
M&dp tf.i=BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borehoh•  •Mo.: 3 160
Ooto:
Mtroloal                .
1F
•  - *0lLO
Local     Io
*  : Ami ba fa Plain (for detail see Map 1* Shaal 2)
Slope      a nd mtcrorallaf • About 0% level elope.
Vetotai
on and use                  Vary few trees .
Soli par ntaablllly j                    Rapid •
Merit on
depth cmi
Toalvra loom
Sample depth (cat l
0- 20
pH Big.
t>           1
•< » l .... 1
»»•< JL 22
M1 ■ < a 11 a n
'    "*■
«
____________
£Al£lZ42kf
- -&Q-JQQ
1AH cL
150-150
4 HQ-500
8.0
calcareous; coarse sand, many enalla
"*
- ---------
—
•
-
•
1 r» r-
6eFIELD TESTS
J/Z/71
jfor
I*'1
Dal« :
••• M*p *’ S“*,t iJ
,.rr unduKilm ’>»P*
trig tree*.
n * N’ ; S L64
D«t»;
i. l/71
FltM         railfi by:            F flblLO
taifhin. Plain (for d«uH ■«» Map 1, Sh»»t 1)
0 It* If- ■Lightly undulating alnpe-.
-nd u„ .
'"’•■Ulilj ;
tLr*■ »1xjx4 ,BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borehole No. : 5 165
Dole:                     6/V’1
Location : Amibara Plain (for do la LI ■•« Map I. Shoot 2) Stope and mIcrorallot: About 05 level •Lope.
Vopotatlon and use. Waete.
Soil permeability :                           Slow
Horiion
depth cm)
Semple
depth (crh I
PM‘
•< 1 1 «•!'.
>*UAii al
n’c.
Miacellcneoea
0- 40
• ilt loam
0« ZO
i.O
0.70
calcareous
—
klay Loam
calcareoue
,
100*120
loam
calc arc oue
"—
UQ.J6O
160-300
loamy eand
130-150
B. 0
0.Z8
calcareoua
___________
2RO-300
1.0
1 13
calcareoue
•
- ----------------
—
-------------------- —
----------------------- —J
d
Borehole No
S 16t>
Date:
6/2/71
Field appeaitel by: r Ratio
Location Amibara Plain (for detail too Map 1, Sheet 2)
Slope end mlcrorellef : About 0% level elope.
VoQOlellon end ate:                         Waete.
Boll permeability :                             Moderately alow.e OREH°LE DESCn,PT,0N aHD FIELD TESTS
Ho         st$a
I |cj 11 d
la *■'"1 ■nlcrurelbaT :
i/2/71 
BpprtlMl fry; F, Hallo
^ <n K*d
r
AmCUra W*bn Ifor detail Map I, 5h«e1 Abnj’.n        level eLope ,
Colter,, E r D r<rm_BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TE8TS
Borehole No : si69
Location :
Dale:
Amibare Plain (for detail Map | Sheet 2)
6/2/71
Field appraisal e-. r .
J                         *<llO
(
Slope end mlcrorollaf: About 0% level elope,
Vegetation end use ;
Soli permeability :
Cotton. E, F. D. Farm.
Moderately alow.
Borehole No :
SI70
Data:
6/2/71
Field appraisal by: F RsUo
Location :                  Ami ba re Plain (tor detail see Map I, Sheet 2) Slope end mlcrorellef : About 0% level elope.
Vegetation and uae                          Waste.
Soil permeability:                             Moderate.
Her lien
depth Kml
Sample
It
•' »•!
1S*C
Missolloaeewe
0 40
-
40 80
loimv cand
O-JQ
75
1 11
calcareous
----- - ----- —— “
-
—ftO-lSd.
150-ZlQ
loam
calcareous
________ --------------- - ~~
calcareous
_____ ____ ——~
•tit lo*m
150-170
?.o
1.22
calcareous
—— —— — ~
280-300
B0
2 37
_____  ________________________________________________________ ----- - -----
210-300
IMiTi
■■
—--------------- -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A.' M
DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
iwraii«r
F fctXta
pt.Ln
d .„iL M*J> I. Shot i)
0 <o ' * "*
ir ly levil Blcp*
Co4T,n>on bu«h.» *nd '”•*
-I-
I
bni" 5,71
4/2/71
PUia ( „ 
.Dale;
j
f    deLall |4  M<p she-1 z
,
N»M ItlrtI Ml br; F. RaJo
1 mbsfOrtllef; D U |% nearly level
Vr, M *M um ■ v
f i« quarts buihrr auid treat
1,1 T ■          Mod»r Bt* |y ■BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borehole No.: 317)
Dole:
6'2/71
Field appreieel .
Location :            Amibara Plain [for detail eee Map 1. Sheet 2) Slope and microreliel 0 to 1% nearly level elope.
Vegetation end uee ; Common buehce and few treee . Soli permeability :                       Moderately alow.
Horiion
depth fem)
feel wre
Sample
depth laa ;■
pH’
ti i»-a
•• » 1 til) ___ »!•<
M1 • < a 11 a h eovi                     ~
JL7Q
. oUx
____
0. 35
noncalc a reoue
70-90
loam1. Band
calcarcoui
~~             _
90-160
loam
130-150
8.0
0. 13
calcareoua
U
160-200
Uai_____  _
L calcarrou.
_
J
20C-22P 220-240^
loam
clay
noncakpreoua
nan< alcareoua
'
240-300
tUt loam
210-300
8.0
0. 19
calc are sue
----------------------- -
■--------------
__________<
borehole description and field tests
’"** Hq. sng.
Dale
7/Z/ti
Field rppCWMl bT F.Mado
|°”!     AfmUrA    PlAkn    jfor    detail    «%>.    ktap    1,    Sheet    l)
|b W bui
"
« u>.
: About l*1i iiiflhtly undulaUni ilnpc^
Graiinj.
S LowBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Boreholt No :
Local Ion
SI79
Dot* :
7/2/71
Amibara Plain (for detail see Map 1. Sheet 2)
Slope end mlcrorollef
Vegetation and use
About 0% level elope.
Frequent trees and buihei,
Soil permeability :                              Moderately alow.
Borehole No S180
Local ion
Slope and
Vegat atlon
Data
Amibara Plain (for detajl see Map 1. Sheet 2) About Of. level slope.
Frequent tree* and bushes.
Moderately slow.
Field appraisal by F. Italic
and uae :
Morison
feature
depth t m I
none ale ar* Ou ■
50-160
tilt loam.
1 10-150
none alc areuu■
C alcareoua
160-20°
clay loam
calcareous
200-250
loam
none alca reoua
250.270
calcarcoua
270-100gOREHO^E description AND FIELD TESTS
r R*lJi5
rfrtsil •■=* M*P U Sh6*t *’
*rlv L*ve5 *lopr.
u.n* 5...hr.
•
|e |y
II.
«r l i ••*•
□          0.22              cjdcareo'ua
0 0.25 < a Lc * r ■" ouj
r J L«L* * r r O-i*
.0            0 Zi               Eil-'ir- - .JB
I
‘•w Nt
Q*t*
7/2/71
Fi&ld applet A al b ■ F. Hallo
r
A^ibar* Putin lor de Laid, ■ Mip !„ Sheet 1)
3 (o 1*1 ei
party leu*?]
ai^pe,
' *» ind
r
MM
Common
buabet
and
fr*
lrcet»
-Siow+borehole description and FIELD
t E8Ts
Boraholo No. :
Local Ion :
Slope and
Vog al at ion
SI B4
Data .
7/2/71
Amibara Plain (for detail see Map I. Sheet 2) About 0% level slope
and ute
Frequent trees and bushes
Moderately slow.
Sample
depth ; cm I
ii   I 5
0-60            claj
tilt loam
AChJ^Q.
12 0-160        clay
Loam.
silt> clay loarr^280- 300
noncalcareous
noncalcareous
calcareous
calcareous
c ale areouo
noncalcareousA2-* ?
BOREHOLE description and field tests
O»t«:                  7/1/71
Fl.ld t^prti.al b, p F-1-Lto
Plain Ifor
Abflui IrviL <lov-
”* M*p L SM<I 2)
ulcr*'*1'*’
•nd :
iiH* ,na
............
Ccfl,mon bash.. Md few ttt'i.
jjod*ral*LY
hflMIe Ho ; 3j|i
tfcMIen :
Dale- Arnibu-a Flam [tnr detail ■ Map 1, She*: 2|
4 i/7i
Field iBpi.ltak By F. H«Ua
inti ffl,Lcrq i'<ili|(H-
l
0 to 1%. unrSulv Ek rag fl4^Mi.,
« ntf w„ .
Very l«w trswi mri common taa>h«*.
1-1
:
M4HS.nFn.tELY iIm,borehole description and field tests
Borehole No.:                   S1B7                                             Oata : Location                  Amibar* Plain (for detail see Map I S
Slops and microrelief ' Otolf* slightly undulating
Vegetation and uae :                         Frequent trees and hushes.
Boll permeability :                              Moderately alow.
9/i/7i
best 2)
dope.
F..id .ppZz
tt
♦
Her lion
depth Icml
Texture
Sample
depth cm 1
rm
■i <•»*
•1 ' > •
• P<
Ml«<elU    ^                            '
nve
0-50
loam
0-20
BO
CLL3
calcareous
50-80
jilt loam
calcareous
calcareous_____
120-160
■ and
130-150
8.0
0 12
calcareous
160-1B0
loanxv sand
c alcareous
180-220
clay loam
calcareous
220-300
loam
280-300
B0
0. 17
calc a reous
-- ------------- ------
Borehole No S188
Date
■ z n
Local ion :                Amibara Plain (for dr taxi see Map 1, Sheet 2)
Slop* and microrallaf
Vagal at Ion
0 to 1% undulating slope
Few trcri and bushes
Moderately alow,
Mo'lton
depth c
___ 0^5
IQz.ftS.
60-140            loam 140-220           clay loam
Sample
depth cm
220-270
loam
270-300            clay loam
nonealcarroui
pone ale » rypu■
calcareous
c ah a repus
calc iteput
calcareous
_calca reousBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION and field tests
SbM
bT T F, R*li0
Plain for
r
■«**          1 SW^i
ro J< very ur.di>)»u«i|i tlap*.
Frtq
u.rtt *!«• “*
mxJrr*lf.BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borehole No:                    SI 91                                            Dato:
Location :               Amibara Plain (for detail sec Map 1. S Slope and microrelief: 0 to 1 % level elope.
Vegetation and uaa                          Few bushes and trees. Boll permeability :                           Slow.
*/1/71
heet 2)
F,,,d OPrali.i b .
Horizon depth !cm
Towle re
Semple
depth Icm)
pH
It t*wS
•i i»i •••»
»!•<
Mlecelleaeeei
***—
D-4Q
clav .
calcaxeuua
40 60
silt loam
calcareous
60*220
■ »lty clay loarr
110-150
8.0
>.48
calcareous
220*300
clay
280-300
8.0
2.09
none alca reous
~——■—-
——
•
—
“—■
Borehole No : SI 92
Date : Location Amibara Plate (for detail see Map 1, Sheet 2) Slope and microrelief : About 0% level slope.
Vegetation and use Vrrv few trees and bushes. Soli permeability :                             Moderately alow.
9/2/7)
Field appraisal by:
Salic
Hot lien
depth cm
Sample
depth cm
PM
•< ' j
1»*C
Mlicellaaeeu*
0-80
0-20
8. 0
0. 27
noncalcareoue
_ ___ _ _____
90-100
_____
clav loini
none altar eou a
----- --------
100-300
loam
1 30-150
280-300
H0
B.O
0. 20
0.49
_ ____________ _ ___ _———
____ _ .——
—
—A2-71
borehole description and field
tests
R.IC'®
Dill :                      JO 2 7L ifar deKll -MaP b Shr<t 0
Aboul Of* "*Ar,V level *<apr.
CcTTtmDn bushei.
Fl.l*
b , . Fi ?„u,borehole description and field tests
Bor.hot. No. SIO5
Local ion :               Amibara Plain (for detail ace Map 1, Sheet 1) Slop# and mlcrorellal g to |% alightly undulating elope.
10/1/71
Fl.ld oppr.l..! by. p
Vegetation and □
:        Frequent trees and common bushes.
Son permeability :                             Moderately alow.
Mori ion
depth cm
—
Teatvra
S ample
depth 'em i
pH
•« «*-e
•1 i-i
»»*C
M lice Ila neow,
-
0-1 0
d*V
0-10
7.5
0 22
—-—.
-
■ —Lfl-70
>ilt ;?am____
--
70-120
B a nd
------ —.
120-200
loam
130-150
a. a
o is
——.
200-240
• and
—---------
24O-2LO
*--AY
_______
-
------ —.
2B0-100
H5
0. 17
-------------- —
-
—----—'—
-------- ----A?-7.1
BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION and field tests
Kit on
Ind   *i»*CfortliN l
to ' pi'
—Vn
CiJCAFeOM*
iiU-lSirt
c aIcafvc-ili
•1-Jj lojn,
cali.-irtPttM
_• - ^Sr,
2N0-JOO
I alcircQUiBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
■ orehola No:                   5199
Dole:
10/1/71
Field eppraleal
J *        * MU®
Location                 Melka Sadi Plain (for detail see Map I, Sheet 1)
Slop* and mlcroroliof : About 1% alightly undulating elope. Dry wAter-courie nearby , Vegetation and use:                        Few trees.
■ OH permeability :                          Moderately alow
~........... ~ I
Heritor depth cm
------------- T
Tealure
Sample
depth iem)
pH
-JA**** 1
iPc
1 •< e 11 • a a ov j
□ <60
elay
0-20
B.O
0. 34
c ale ar e out
60*180
till luam
130 150
6. 0
0. 32
calcareouo
JHQiUO
loamy oand
caleareoue
“ -
230-300
clay________ _
280-300
ft s
lOJI.
__ caleareoue
1
—-
---- —
—-
*
—
1
J
-AZ-J5
porehole description and field tests
hiMeit ku
:
szgg.
Date:
Jl/l,??
FuM •P0rflll*l by F. Halin
nn «n            AmlSwira. Plain. i.[nr di»Ba,ili n#»r Jrfap L, STieei I)
k **» JM nucr&r*h«|
«nd Ul< .
Ahfeif 0rF nearly ttwel »Lap-r
t ^qucM lauihsa *nsS heti.
Modi i- TJ ■ n *
1
IBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borehole No. 5201
Location :                McLka Sadi Plain (tor detail are Map 1, Sheet 1) Slope end mlcrorollef t About 0% slightly undulating slope.
11/2/71
Field appralaal by:
r
-
Vegetation end use
Common buahea and trees.
Soil permeability:                             Moderately alow
Ho/laon
depth (cm 1
feature
Semple
depth 'em!
RM
•l ..»4
•* i a
ai’c
Miacelleneaua
0-5
clay
noncalca rcoua
5-80
sandy loam
5-20
8.0
0. 56
calcareous
, 0.,,0
c alcareoua
110-220
clay
110-150
b5
1.25
noncalcareous
220-JOO
loam
260-300
6. 0
2.61
——■
—
------------- --
4
j
Borehole No. 5204
Oate :
11.2/71
Field appraisal by: F. Ratio
Local     ion     i     Mclk*     Sadi     Plain    (for     detail    see     Map    1,    Sheet     1) Slope and microraitef : Ahnut 0% undulating alope.
Vagal      al      ion      and      use      Common      bushes      arid      trees. Soil permeability :                               Moderately slow.
Her icon
depth cm
o• r»n
60*190
Sompl a
depth (cm
PH
■t •
•» ' 1
>B*C
-l
-J
silt loam
clay
0-20
150-1S0
to 0
N0
0.21
I . 29
220_2ba
bO 2*0
-100
silt loam
i ailty_ i lay loa?n loamy sand
loam
2 R0-_300_
_ R_0_
0 2 95
nuncilrarroui
nor., alcarroua
noncalcar ecus
none ale a r ecus
calcareous
calc ar rausa;- :
borehole description and field
tests
heftsii Nd.
Aliltn
□ ate
M-Sfce Sadi R detail fee M>? I. Strrt 1 [
IW
Abnijr g" level «lopr.
IL. 2 "I
F>»ld ippeiiaal &  r. iUila
v
Red  „
u
I r* buihea Ani! free!.
5-1 DC n r^lf _BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borehole N
o.:
SZ07 
Dot* :
11/2/71
Field appraisal bw
**  Mie
r
Location
!
Melka
Sadi
Plain
(for
detail
boc
Map
1.     Sheet
1)
Stop* and m Icrorelief • About level ■lope.
Vegetation and use .
Soil permeability i
Ft* bushes.
Moderate.
Wo, lion
depth Icm
Texture '
Sample'
depth Icm
pH
li.             1
•» i>i
!•*€
M Iscelleneeui
0-30
loam
0-20
fl. 5
1 ZB
calcareous
10-50
1
loamy sand
c alcareous
50-100
loam
c alcareoue
100-160
Loamv sand
I 30-150
7s
1.51
calcareous
1 GO-ZOO
loam
c air arcoue
zoo-zad
ttandv loam
calcareous
220 ion
loam
2BO-300
fl 5
0. 25
calcareous
1
Borehole No
S2 0*
Date
11 '2/71
Location Melka Sadi
Slope and
Veget at ion
and use
About 0% level slope.
Common bushes
Soil permeability                                   Moderately slov..
Horiion
depth 'em 1
Semple
depth cm|
pH
II                      1
■1 ' J «.*< — — -•J. M> ••
>»•<
MlsceUeneeui
0-40
silt loam
0-20
B. 0
0. 42
noncalc a reous
calcareous
___
ti a p. rl V ICA TTt siltv cla*t loam
------ —
calc arrous
_ -----
u(U2IL.
<»0-220_
a .uni. 1 aam
130-150
h d_
l            L-L-If
calc ar rou ■
—--------------------- -
220-250
250'400
$t_U lparn_
i- :1a
calcareous
calcareous. snails; grayish blue pearly coat*—A2-71
BOREHOLE description and field tests
il/'Z. 71
Plain ff*r
n to 1^'
*" Mip b ShflH
slope.
ff e qucnl M* tou.be..
Slo*.
I\li. - *-
[JO-LSD
ZflO -ifld
r*lc*rrou*
C-tic UfBui
>: iLcar <G'J1
IwiKdli Hq.
S£ I ■
D.ld
11 -‘IL
Mpfcka SmJi Plain |for derail ar* Map l„ Shrrt 1|
Bfld       *iicrar«h f .
v
A.hou.t D » Level
r
CIuTTU-nuti 13'j.ihe# and few trees.
e rai n-iy eLcwb,
a-2 0
i±.L±vl
o4irn
r.ju4t*u.»
-*i- **-udJ _
^--—4-
___
>-4_.
-T -+-
L” ■'----BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borahole No.- SZII
Data:
Location ;                Melka Sadi Plain (for detail see Map 1
Slope and mlcrorehef
Vegetation end uit :                            Gr*«aland. Soil permeability                                 Slow.
11/2/71
Sheet 1)
Flald appraisal
„
* •  *«.!,
r
Mor i ion
depth cm)
TeMlura
Sample
depth cm |
pH
a<
•i i'i
■ mbaia
ll’c
M iicell aneout
0- 140
e lay
o-zo
8.0
0.30
enlcareQua
140 160
a a nd
140-160
8.0
1.84
calcareous
160-300
eilty clav loam
280-300
8.0
6. 03
calcareous
'-------------------■
■——-----------
1
—
-
Borehole No.
S212
Date:
li/2/71
Field appraisal by: F 8»1U
Location :                            Melka      Sadi Plain (for detail see Map I, Sheet 1}
Slope and mtcrorellet
Vegetation and uao
Soil permeability ;
About (l*i level elope.
F rerjurnt buahee.
Moderate*A2-1L
borehole description AND FIELD tests
Sil? M «lka s*di
, 16ro’*""
ul
Gate
y>L*in (fc>* detail. •« Ma? 1. 5h-»i 1) About 3”- nearly l^rl a)op*.
►raohuB and Ifetl..
II >'71
HO
ar....
n*-
-— 
..... .
.
.....
liilaMi
J*
lia i*i
el » 1 aa.h '»ah«i,-"
i»’r
ft* lie I Ila M*y I
0-iO
7.5
» L9
noncalcir«<MiB
IJfcJL
ii’i lt_j£*£HL — — Ila.) »- 1 JlW I’-1 -ir'
■ I tjl *
ji 1 La*m
salcireCKLi
1 10-140
B. 0
0. Lfl
enlcifAtiuj
ciicerasui
- L -1-
—
_ LlslUIO— --- —
SR fid
r aLr a r f> ns ■
caUca
28 } TOD
ft t
b,2D
enjeareom
L
f
■a^alsod* :                     sjh
Data
11 2 71
L«itlOn .
5| **» *ntf
Mrliia Sadi,
PlOLfl.
■^lor dalAL 1 H'Ee Wap S., ShcaE II
micro rah a I
D*e n-arl1. Level slop*
fevitltlQR ■nd ui«
lo " P^artoiiii,
A 1f2u.E
Mir.y-
5 Law
--_________
*«-«W
1*«Eya4 —
-i.ibc
D 20.i
l jo-ng
—L? 2r!
a
■<
- 1’* tUy
——— —-.
£A0-iOa
*kir *□□.■
:ikarm«
c*] vaBeOU.il
r au ItrauaBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borehole No. .
SZI5
Location :              Melka Sadi Plain
Date
((or detail wee Map i.
M/2/71
Sheet 1)
Field
F
«.
Slope end microrelief :
About     0% level slope-
*
Vegetation and uae : Many tree*.
Soil permeability :                           Slow.
Her lion
depth (cm)
d
Sompl' epih t«m )
PH
•i. •••*       1
•• l’>
!»•<
Mli<ellen>«UB
o-iao
clay
0-20
130-150
8.0
8.5
0. 29
1.0!
noncaicareous to calcareous
180-300
silt loam
280-300
8.5
2.13
calcareous
■ ——-
—
-—
L
—■
F
•
■—          -
------
j
--AZ-fil
borehole description and field tests
1J/Z/71 PKifi    (tor    <f«:L»Ll    M<P    I.    Sheet    |    J
o to L«**t -lop*-
Fl *'d ................... .. by: r JUSJo
U»* »
1
............
E a]c dj « oui
«lL« Jf fOut
LJ .^L^-
J 10-15’
230-IM
Date
]] /£ T1
LKlUgn : Melk* 5a di
PLalri (for detail see 11 *p t, $lhvs£ IJ
kl1
F <”V bUBlir ■ .
Madera Lely alow.
£ ample
<tm i
• la-J 50
L‘L’ L».n>
non£eJC'ar*a-ua
ElicarrO'J*
£ alter rou •
caLta FJ-'-tai
c*Le a re^i
£ *lcire!W»UCOUHIPTION AND FIELD
testsA2-M
BOREHOLE description and field tests
ft, r. Aana
L£U« a; -_«}
Will 1 liftBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borehole No.:
S223
Dotes
12/2/71
Location :               Melka Sadi Plain (for detail are Map I. Sheet l) Slope and mlcrorellef ; About DS level slope.
Vegetation and owe
Soil permeability !
Common bushes
Moderate.
Moriion
deplh Icm 1
Texture
Sompl •
depth i cm i
■i
•» *•!
l»*c.
M Ucelloneewt
o -1 oc
sands loam
0-20
8.0 1
3.77
calcareous
100-1m
loam
1
calcareous
110-210
• andy loam
1 TO ISO
80
S.95
calcareous
~~—
210-280
Silty r hy loan
c alcarcoue
280-300
■ andv loam
28D-T0n
R5
6 SO
c alcarrous
—
»
-
-
1BOftEHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTSBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borehol# No. SZ27
D»to
12/2/71
Location :
Melkx Sadt Plain (for detail see Map I. Sheet I)
.......... . F ».L,
Slope and microroliof* About 0% alaghtly undulating alopr.
Vegetation and uaa .
Soli permeability ;
Few treea.
Siow
Horiion depth cm
-------------
|
Sompl •
dapih i cm 1
PH
li •
•1•1•
!»•«
MlacallofteoWB
0-230
clay
0 20
I 30 150
8. 0
8.0
0. 22
I . 04
calcareous
240-300
loam
280-300
H. 0
5.80
calcareous
----------- - ---- _
L■
~ _-----------------------
-—
__________
*
~----------- ‘
— - - '
1
1BOREHOLE DESCR(PTION AND field tests
F, *IJ ■WrtliAi
f. R<l]o
About -Jft U»*l •t’T-
cCWT.man bufh** *o4 tw*
und 1
MDderaif-
*VRh«ii Ko. LotiUfrfl ;
SJlfl
Ditt
£2/4/ 7„
F'»ld ■pptaiiali bj
f JUlio
X
l |eP» im micfOFBUei:
. nd H„
k|1
5EilSdLP:r M23C
ll B7J.BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
/
Borehole No.
Local ion
Slope and mtcroreltef Vegetation and use Soil permeability :
S232
Date :
12/Z/71
Field appraisal By : F. RaU
,
5 KE SolK_PlT M2)2 (page AL - 68)
Horizon depth cm|
Texture
Somple
depth cm '
PM
II
•* i »
*«*!■/• • ••
MrxelleeeewaBOREHOLE description and field tests
*•« W»|IA| . r ft4Uc
■
r----------------------------- ■■
'
’
■final ■ Na *, ’h
Qatar U/i/t]
Fl *td ■Mrtiiil &  ■ F *iJb
T
I Kill a n Me Uta Sadi PLein Ifar detail ice M*p 1, Sheet Lj
>*■■• tM micr ar*iii»r : Ahum D% near J level attifM. Mod* rate gjlp-. ifii crura Lief, it feri(j UBii CiwnB-uu imbee
1,1 »»!"*.blUly
|
S OW_BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD
testsA 2 *9 J
BOREHOLE description and field tests
5 IP ’
Find mrsittl fry : F. fULLo
M**4 *•
Md — hrt"’
(for                  M*P »■ Sb**r ]>
. Ab€rt3t ofS nearly le v# I a lope, Giljai mterareHef,
hKU‘*: S1^-
Mq 5 1^5
Find appftlMl faT r r, Rilta
LxallOn :
T.(ell« Sadi pLain (for
and   m.ctn r»||«f ■ Ah^,
n<arly
Dale I.J/2/TJ
Map I. Sheet L/
]
B Dp<.
,l6n * ^
n
Ui * I? request buahea and few tree a.
. .................... .. S'«w.BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD
tests
Borehole No. S J2Q
Date. lJ/2/71
Locution : Melka Sadi Plain (for detail ace Map 1. Sheet I)
Slope     and     mrcrorellaf     •     About     0     7-     nearly     level     elope.     Gilgai     microrelief. Vegetation and uae : Common bmhre and few tree*.
Soil permeability Slow.
I t' tBOREHOLE description and fielo tests
5 141
d.di ri*i"
5
: AbD’”
Fi-»ld ■•prtatl |T: F. XxUo
3
(for d«uH ■ ** M*P  * Sheet I)
ne*rlr lml llope- N*lLLlitjl< nUc yor*hef.
T^on .. ................. . «•» I"**
3,DW'
SBPpI*
depth cm IBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND. FIELD TE8tSAZ-’7
borehole description ano field tests
. * i4S
1    <IoT
j.Hl Pl* "
Utrtf t*Or4'i»l fry ? F. JUUa
M,p Jl SE"t 11
Ahont 05 n*»rly I"’1
,Ullin: M^-lr .1-,
iVibol* Mo :          $ £46
Dal* LJ/Z/n
Hard ftOpffitafil by F- Rillo
Elfin Malka 5-adj Plain (lor detail itc kUp L, Sliaei L) ***** and Hii£i-ogal|vr Ai«ul 0** nur^ .IfiVaj iLopi,
ifid Li ■ ■ L
uaa f requeni buibe*.
amuhvlc DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borehole No S 247
Date; 14/2,71
Location ! Melka Sadi Plain (lor detail see Map 1. Sheet 1) Slop* «nd microrelief • About 0% level elope. Vegetation and uie Few big trees.
Soli permeability: Moderate.
Hociion
;
depth 'em)
0-20
20-120          silt loam
12 _° JU     —J v
150-180 sandy loam 180-200 loamy sand 200-220 sandy luam
220-280
280-300           ail*. loam
Semple
dsoih (cm i
none aIc a re oua
calcareous
calca re oua
calcareous
c a 1 c. a r e ou s
calc a re oua
calca reoua
ealca re ouaBOREHOLE      DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
s i*°
„ ,, plJn ««
M-U-*
*7 : T. UjUo
’*• M*? ‘ **"' l>
, - About o£                  u*<» Hop*.
-<• ...... .............................
BrHalf Nd 5 zjo
LacailDH : Mt|>* Sifi, PLAih I far
O«|«         ‘4 > JI
Map 1. Sheei 11
F4«4d »PPr Altai toy F. EUiJv
Sfpt Md microglial About 0% uadulltini <lope.
8 iliMin. BHd MH* FTuqueQi IFECI Aii*i tiunliei.
1,11 ’•'•"••Hit,'-mt HOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD
tests
Borehole No.
Location    :    Melka    Sadi    Plain    (for    detail    see    Map    1,    Sheet    1)
•PPreieai
Slope end microraliet About 0% nearly level slope. Vegetation and use Common bin trees.
Soil permeability : Moderate.
Borehole No ; S 252
Location : Melka Sadi I'lain (for dnt.nl srr Map 1, Sheet I) Slope end microrehet About 0% nearly level slope. Vegetation and use Many big tree* and hushes.
Soil permeability : Moderate.
Date 14 2/71
Field aopraitAl by F. Falls
Mouion
d«piH cm,
_0 40_____ | clay
l
40-100
100-12C
»£' l«0
• lit loam
ftSIfld
. sand OsMUl. -          } 1                -
i 8j               sand
200 - Z40_
240-JTC
*—
280-300
| cXay_lo*!H__
sandy loam
sand
sandy loam
non* a Lu a reous___
• lightly taUarroua
none alcarcoiis
5 ale arrow* _____
calcareous
al A : V . -15
calcareous
calcareous
calcareousA2-1M
i
BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Oil*; 14/2/71
. 5251
5
jXrJM  *
t0   n  >flY
^U.l; >^  *’ *
v#rv f**
SIo*.
ji PUArt lf«r
M-p 1 a'et
pM
rt«l
M-l
0-20
8. 0
0, 1 j
nodtaLc*r#ouj
cakartiKi
tifl-150
ft. 8
0. 17
eiftkufercpui
L'ulca re
2&0-.1DO
*- 5
<7. 2?
! .ikarfvt
2]
■***i»B Nd 5 ?M
Dlt« ; H/X1 71
?>■**
by F- JUILa
Lxibon
MeLha LadL f'lair. (for deM.|.l *ee M*j* 1, Slleei U
anl   "ilerofahef Ah pus Qf» Dearly l^vel Gape. N^yZlgisSe gilfai pdcf
■
, ’1 *' '
,
IM  u„ F.„ tJU,h,_untHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD
tests
Borehole No. : S 2S5
Local Ion *.
Slope and microrelief
latl<
Soli permeability
SOIL PIT M255 DfcAC Ai 91,
.
Borehole No S 25f»
Location Melka Sadi Plain (for detail see Map Slope and microrelief •. About O% nearly level Vegetation and use Few bushes and trees
Dele
14/2 71
1, Short I)
slope
Horiion I
depth 'em l|
Teelvre
■i.
i
0-15 ■ i Ity cUv loam
loam
240-270
sandy learn
calcare nus
calcareouR
noncab arcouj_________
raJLsarcoua
calcare c»u«
c aKajeousAJ-IW
borehole description and field tests
■*'**!• Ha.. 5!M
Qtt* H.’VTI
Field appuitfll by : F- Hallo
LtEillcn:                  S»di PLiln |Tor deMll ire Map 1 Shirt 1| ifl- wiefftrallar : About 9% nearly I ■lofw
I 1 Sn |Ad uih Cistinm&D (rm arud. huahea^.-------- DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TE8T8
Borehole No.; S 259
Dele. 14/2/71
r
FlelB epBreleei
..
Location : Melka Sadi Plain (for detail see Map 1. Sheet 1) Slope and mlcrorellef: About 0% nearly level -lope. Vegetation and uaa : Few buahea.
Soil permeability : Moderately alow.
*
Borehole No. S 260
Date 14/2/71
Field appraital by : F.
Location : Melka Sadi Plain (for detail see Map 1. Sheet 1) Slope and microrehef ; About 0f» nearly level slope. Vegetal Ion and uae Common Luihcs.
Soil permeability Moderately alow.BOAEHOLE description and field tests
M-IM
(r«r
,,H*f J'h““ ’* nr4,rlyJ"'1 ':iP*
■UK'8*’
Cl-IUp^bMll“
Wlp ’• 3***‘ [)
***
........ .. ®*‘
iJD-L50
iSO-JOG
ncinc*b<*T ioui
C4lCJftr&»
SALES FJLSlfL
tiJcirrnui
toihb-i k 4
Ft *14 «ppr»n*|. toyi F. ftA-U.i»
l '4 "”1 ^cJki Sldl putii tfoT d?uil >rt Mlp j 31m|
l '" "”f
■ About O', ntirly 
*-       U«.       Frwb.^,,.
.lop..
F.CiSC BjCirfaUl
calc* rr ■>-*
!4UB
cl|eareouj_______
cakirtflui
c-Lcarraci
cilcareuuioOH EH OLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borehole No. . g 253
Location Melka Sadi Plain (for detail aee Map 1, Sheet I) Slop, .nd mlcor.U.I: About 1 % „„rly level .lope. Vagatatlon .nd u.a ; Gr...U„d, v.ry f.w bu.h...
Soil parmaabUlty ; Mod.r.t.,
Delo; 15/2/71
Borehole No S 264
Location . Melka Sadi Plain (tor detail ace Map 1. Sheet 1)
Date: 15 2/71
Field eporalael by F. RallsBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD tests
A2-I0T
FWli WrHiti
X
X’
NO
s M*
K. Malta
.d -               "*
({ar detail *r
: % Hrirly H
Mod«»«iv-10*-
r Map 1, She^l)
val al ope.
..............................
i
Ifwb|»  Na  •  >  2t-fe Lkkt.nn
■ ■’■' *nfl Ricusi'tlnil and waa
Dola
fUJd appraioal o,  , KajLo
r
£EE2.QIL M^-JW Al- jj
aDate:            22'2/?l arc Map I. Sheet l)
slope.
trees.
Field appraisal by F. Pall©
Borahole Ho : S 283
Location . Malka Sadi Plain (tor detail Slope and microraliaf : About If. level Vegetation and use Few bushe. and
Boll permeability : Moderately slow.
<
Sample 1
depth <m)|
pH          \
■i • ••< 1
>4 i 1         1
>!*€ I
0-40
40-60
JlQ--.
sandy lo*>™
0-20 1     8. 0 '          0.23            1*
1c
alcareous
areous. gravel
Jno-iso
;280;?oo_
| 8.0
1 8.5._
calcaraoua
■------------
*4-borehole description ano field tests
fr
f
Oila: zj/VTI
lyrtlilo
** '
............
0*1'”1 ,lep'-
...... .
y.A. F*,Tn
'............ ......
'**• *> •         5 311
Dell ; 2JX2/7I
F^id ■Ppnliil br F. RiUe
ni,w      .    Ai&jfejaia    Plain    (for    dotaU    Map    1,    Jiheft    l| *» *d Hi'IM'Hif: About 0% level .lope.
iim Cotion. A. V. A. Firm
11  *""iufcimT
Maderetrl
i
r a Ow>^o^RIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borehole Ho : s 2B9
Location : Amibara Plain (for detail sec Map 1, Sheet 1) Slope and microrelief *. About 0% level elope. Vegetation end use : Frsquent bushes.
Boll permeability ; Moderately alow,
Date: 23/2/7 1
Fl.ld .oor.l..! b, r KiV#
Horiion
depth 'cm i
Sample
depth (cm)
•* iii •••»
Mitcellesssva
0-70          | sandy loam 70-150            loamy sand
150-170 sandy loam
£00-220            loamy sand 220-270            clay loam
270-300 loam
calcareous
calcareous
150-170
calcareous
calcareous
calcs reous
c alcareous
Field sppisiesl by *
r
MaUo
Date : 23/2/7 1
Borehole No S 290
Location : Amihara Plain (for detail see Map 1. Sheet 1)
Slop* and mlcrorehat
Vegetation and use : Frequent bushes. Soil permeability : Moderately slow.
About 0^ level elope.
Hoc iron I
dsplh (<M
0-140
tealura
Sompls
dsp*h (cm)
0-20
140-lSO
loam
loam
S'
loamy
nonc alc s reous___________
calcareous
noncaUareous
calcareous
lea re out
alcareous
,bo-22?r
A£-|[|
BOREHOLE description and held TESTS
linr
-«r M.p I. Sh..«Z)
Abom »•; >*«1 »“(*■
. K Va. .Ar,. f»irm.
lfl d
......BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Borshole No. . s 29}
location : Anubara Plain (for detail see Map 1. Sheet 2)
Data 23/2/71
Field appraisal by p.
Slop* and mtcrorallef • About 0% slightly undeleting slope.
Hallo
Data 23/2 71
Bo'ehola No . 5 2^4
Location     *.     Amihara     Plain     (for     detail     see     Map     1.     Sheet     2l Slope end mlcrorsliel : 0tnl% level slope*
Vegetation and uee
Few bushes -nd dry ww,»
Soil »•««••»»»’» :                                        W"d’r*""
Sompl*
depth 'em I
Mods loamborehole description and field tests
Date: Zl/2/71
(fuff d«t»‘
About 0* n.*»lV
M*p 1. Sheet 1)
level elope.
Fr q
. u.nl b««h'‘
and tree a
1
lamp *
pH
dapfh |c*l
ljjrtsc
conealcareoua
cakareoua
calcareous
calcareous
ISOjJJW
calcareous
*” «o 5 Z-H
Dale: 23/2/71
Field epprelaei by : >*■ itaUo
”•   Aruaara   Plate   Ifor   detail   aee   Map   I.   Sheet   1) * wd *e»erebe« About □ alaghUv undulating alupe.
Md ut« Many buthee and 1rw trees.
Moderately alow.
pBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
IA2-JI5
borehole description ano field tests
D'K Z</2/71
F^U iurMiii    .    *
. . Si’’
NV
Wf   r<   lUo
K’h'1'
(for
L Sh**’1 2I
P *“i
......... .....
Vji FT f« W      f««m iLsd bu«En,
..................
..... ............................
rH          U !» -Mr
Mtatnlfaaacjl*
l«m|
ii st
fJ-ZO             a.o           O' 1^          innac ale >1 rcwia
_£ty—           -------- 1
La*m______ — —
i- —
lio
j£j5!L
ZBP-3d0
a, o            0. u            raLcareou*
cakeraov*
E-llc fl F» QUA
a. is           c a.U*
L.---- -
J
J
. S JIH
□ale : IT 2■’]
Field tp*r«ii«l by:
Ri-io
tn4 u^
l *1'’ h,*’Unii, .
STL 5O! 3 FT~ M TQj ^>a» Al- I 111BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD
tests
Borahoh Locatlo Slops    a Vegetal Soil par
» No. : S 302
1 : Amibara Pla
nd microroliof :
on and use : maability : Slo\
in (for det 0 tO 1 % TM Few bush
Da ail see W sarly lev re.
ta          24 ap 1. She
fl slope.
let 2)
f i‘
,,
Horiion
deplh l<m|
Taxiurs
Sample
dsplh 'em J
PM
Bl
■1 • » • ••<
■■Mia ■ ' H*C
_
------- --------------_____
Mheallanaaei "
0-180
clay
0-20
130-150
8. 0
8.0
0. 75
2. 6?
calcareous
180-260
aih loam
calcareous
' -—<
260-290
clay loam
ca lc are oua
'
270-300
■ilt loam________
290-100
8.0 1
II. 00
calcareous
———J
~~—-
-1AJ-1
BOREHOLE description ANO FIELD tests
O*t* 2V2 71
. s 30*
b r Ui Jo
,.    ,
*’* 
r    eBil    flP M  P       ShteE Zl
pialn (f«  ^     *      *  '■
.........
111-**
Sin"-
Dat« 2^/3 ’J
il>s, j S|.„i 2L1
Fi«ld
tf F. JUHft
|J ”M «rd
A mlh „ pl
lt         ajjl .(jr rtchlll
AbnuCO^ „ y ,
n  rl   l M
.i.Ul„.
*"d        “»« l—bunT.,,.
-“‘•“Hi,
IBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD
Boreholo No. S 306
Dote 25/2/71
Location i Amibara Plain ((or detail see Map 1, Sheet 2)
Slope    and    microrsllef    About    0%    nearly    level    slope,    Moderate    gilgai    ml Vegetation and use Few trees and bushes.
Soil permoabillty :
croreiief,
Texture
depth Icm
Sample
depth (cm 1
—
PH
•' •••*
•' • > ....
■■
U’C.
0- 30
clay
0-20
7.5
0. 3?
noncalcareouo
~~
30-80
loamy sand
calcareous
~ *—*-------- __ _
80-240
clay
1 10-150
B. 0
0. 27
calcareous
--—__
slit loam
280-300
8.0       | 0. 49
calcareous
-------------------------—.
———J
—---------- _
—
•
____________________________________________________________________A2-I 3 4
BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION and field tests
ml£ (r
tn*
, .H.'
D i ll IT
. ,j f detail "« Map J. Sheri 2}
ly !*■-■• I ilnpr.
fwiflisn Lulhe- iM f'« !*««.
Sic*1 -
Jaollh ,<P"
□□suralcareagi
=&Lca reoun
l.n»mv
35-inr I iorrty
c*Lc« rrom
C *3« areuui
CJ.ic*TECrtlli; liid-L 1
Ciki r»rrif
■ x
rn
.......... ...
* nfl
le " n’'m<^hi|l|t . g
O«l*
f J *Lti Uur detail Map I.
AIkiijT □% level elwpe
Few                -r.d butbea
25/2, "I
Sheei 2'
F|«l« ■copilaal by: }'. RatioSlope and micro relief About 0% level .lope. Vegetal Ion and use Few tree* and buehea. Soil permeability : Slow.
Horiion
depth km J
Teilure
Somple
depth I cm
pH
•i •••*
•t • > ....
>»•<
—
0-40
40-280
silt loam clay
•
0-20
130-150
8. 0
8. 0
0. 29
2. 14
calcareoue
2R0-100
loam
2R0-300
8.5
3. 0)
—frayian Blue pearly coatir.gi calcareou*
----- - —<
--------------------- ------------- -
—4
______________lU-rii
borehole description and field tests
Dali; iS/l/TI
S >12
»l«w •M'XlH >, T. MO.
pH" *’                         [lor                     •'*                             *)
0
puln
1
0  ’n vrfy un<1uUUr,i llnpr‘
Comm
f ample                  pH
lee***"                \ iarpih ,iii
: "5.l
|i .m4
•rf li|l «*»■
1 t*c
h5_j_
0-1&               ’•s              0. 65           none >1 c ate <hu
ll>. Ltaim                 DQ-isa               8,0        0.21            €atcer*Q««
(ilxi
cate treeiii
iP-jMi
T"
t     ir
1
*
A tn. Mr 4 PULa (lur detail ■«« L. Sheet 2i
ciar»itS|i . & o 1 % urduSitinji rlupe.
t
ir "rt Uli
5 ■ mpl*
1' 11
■ I l*1i iafi
lm|
u - £D
ft.
H
c.*.J r a reoufl
uHD-JiQQ
cikirewiBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TESTS
Slope and mlcrorallal : About 0% slightly undulating slope. Vegetation and use : Frequent bushes and trees (some trees are dry).
Soli permeability : Slow.
Hor lion
depth (cm]
feature
Semple
depth 1 cm |
pH
l« (m4
•• • 1 tala
vatWfca ■<
H’C
^*i<elliHi
av|
0-290
clay
130-150
8.0
very many snails in the upp,
----------- -t-T-n--(v------^g*jvery recent iUbt.,,^1
r5
Z90-100
loam
290-300
8.0
1.92
1
—'-J
— 1.
------ -—J
-
--- ------------
JU III
borehole description and field tests
Mat detail «ee M*p i. 51**12] I r. -rt l< vary uitduxatni vlap*.
* t re-ei ■
0-20
j
2 in ■ ion
26 '2 ’1
l ’<«1 or,
I 1 ’»• kid
Ansftw* Plain. (Dt detail *rr Mi;i |, She«t 21
Cr^Timnr,, biafldiei mi i-naLL tr#ei.
cits *ri mi-*
tjikif e
cal--* F« cruJ
...BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD TE8TS
Vegetation and uae
Soil permeability : Moderately .low,
Horizon
depth fem
Sample
depth cm I
R0-200         loam
110-150
23JK1OO I loam________                  2B0 -JO I.
Field .ppr.lail by: F. 1*-1»
Borehole No.: S 319
Oeta ; 26 2/71
Location   :   Amibara    Plain    (for   detail    »ee   Map   1.   Sheet   2) Slope and microreliof About 0% slightly undulating .lope.
V.fl.t.tlon .nd uaa :                       Frequ.m bu.he. .nd tree.M-ut
borehole description AND FIELD tests
5 tfO
(lor
 detail Mi? L 5he*t
•0 ] T» ’* und'j J-itipf iJop*,
T»«r-r*
1
Samp * d«p<h |<w)
P«
II i»*d *1 1-1 u>-
■tr,”
iMiM-wills-aawMi
0-10
M. D
0. Ji
tilClrtom
Cl* r                   ----------
£ altireoui
■ i<nd
CMCAtc mil
jpjL.
loaifft? fBB'l
cak*r«oY
ir.JAl
iUt JC-JLiH
c«ktre«ua
LQ j+0
■Lilt clay Loam
ISO* 170
a,a
0, 27
caicarioui
.——
:u-rtD
L.-------- -------------•• *ia.lL Loam
200-JOO
4k o
<k Z<J
calcaii c-ui
**•«■! laa
□                  Z7.'2.'TI 4 lT" Flwtn Ifor detail ■ Map I, Shift 2]
ciarehef Abq^t os vcry unduUlLRi tlopt.
-■          - rc«tuent hu■ Kb« and
r 1           4S>1 J uw _
FltJtf SMftliJl Sy: r. Railaborehole description and
Borehole No.: S HZ
2?/2/71
Location :
Amitar. Plain ( „ 
(    deuU Mip (
Slope and     microrelief Vegetation     and uee :
About 0% undulating slope.
Frequent treta and buahee.
Soil permeability :                Slow.
i
Borehole No : S32i
Location :
Slope and
Amibara Plain (for
Date 27/2/71
,ee Map *■ She*‘ 2)
microrelief:
About 0% nearly level alope.BOREHOLE DESCRIPTION and field tests
fry F Uto
AWUt 0$ •lightly undululni ■lop*.
Fr equ«M lr«»« *nd cension taiMi.
Mo<irr*T<lT ■ !©*•
Nt> L *«lsf» :
5 325 An- i (m ra,
H»ld •DP'ftlfSt by F.
Plain, Ffor detail liee Map I,
Afcau; level ildpe.
Coen num bin he i a*4 }rw :rfFi.
51 Qu.-.
-■
■ nd Uia
UlBOREHOLE DESCRIPTION AND FIELD
tests
Borehole No. : $ 326 Loco! Ion :
Amlbara Plain (for detail ana Map 1, Sheet 2)
Slope and mlcrorellof ; Vegetation and uee
About 0% level slope.
Mode rate.
Hor iion
depth (cm)
Texture
Sample
depth (im |
pH
■I i»»rf
•' I : «•«.
••
»» C
a
M *><ellee«e
aa
0-60
clay
0-20
7. 5
0. 27
nonca1car eou■
" "
50-100
a a nd
calea rcoua
100-210
loam
I 30-I 50
8. 0
0. 20
calcareous
210-280
■ and
calcareous
2H0-300
Bandy loam
280-300
8. 0
0. I 3
calca reouar
A2-I29
borehole description and field tests
M  $ >3
z*
Af-ib*ra
J 1-1
oale:             27/2/71
plain (for «>euU "**  Map B*  Sh*tt 2>
About olifhlly undulating tlopa
:
 Comn»   tr
on
id and
return*
buahat.
Slow.
'T
SowR>«
ko«h lam)
PM
•> < 1
ll*C
M h<e*l«aa#Wi
0.15
a. o
0. 4H
noncalcarapua
calcaraoua
calcaraoua
1 10 ISO
ISO BOO
0.0
a. o
0. 28
□ 90
calcarauua
•
S)M
Milla
”* ‘M ^xtornhni -M va.
Onto: 2? 2/71
Amibtra Ham (for detail a«» Map 1. Shari 2) About 0*’. slightly undulating slope
Marty bushes and few tree a.
Slow.
Piold appeal tai by F. Kallo
calcartoutborehole oescr.pt,on
FIELd tests
Bor.hol. No.: sno
Location :
° B,B i
T/J/7)
Am‘b»r> P
lain (for delaU
Slope end
• ee Map 1. Sh<!ct
microrelief .
bf
Abou! 0% „„,|     „ 
y lev    t]op
Veg«t i|
a  On
end use
>C ‘ Pl,,Ow orkroreliaf.
Few buohee and tree-
Slow.
Borehole No.: SS31
Date:       2H 2 ’I
Field sppreiaai br F-
Location :               Amibara Plain (for detail «ee Map 1. Sheet 2) Slope and microrollef : About OS slightly undulating elope.r
Al-1)1
borehole description AND field tests
S>W
AmJb*ri r
Plain Uar
l - 5heet ■)
, About Of* nenrlr !**•* ilope.
Cjrjj if lund-
iB*'1’1* ■
■hpth I I
0-20
JD-150
2.00-300
*
Mb snj
Amibarz
8,1 “M ■nlcrorelitf-
•Will*. IM .
1 Hr***bH||w
DM* : 2B 2 *1
Plain dM*ll see Map 1, Sk#et l)i
About D<« 3 « well alap®.
Cotton. A,Y.A. Farm.
Skout,
Fi«ld ipprliMl by: F. StiJIo
OUTStDl- THE PROJECT
M441V H *!»»«■ I
i.v.1. cur -JU
-“ UREHOL  DESCRIPTION
6
Borehole No. S3U
Vocation :
2B/2/71
Am iba ra
•**»•! Ml
Slope and
Hiicrorelief
Vegetation • nd use .
Soil permeability •
Plain ((or detail
About 0% level elope.
Cotton. A.V.A. Farm.
Moderately alow.
Horlion 1
depth 'em ,
0-60
• •
•• • i
makWi
loam
0-20
60-70                 sand
70-110               candy loam
110-150
150-100 | loam
130-150
2A0-300
calcareous
calcareous
calcareous
calcareous      grayish      blue      p**rly      coating      i calcareous
Borehole No.: S335
Amibara Plain (lor detail aee Map 1. Sheet 1) Slope and microrelief - About OS level alope.
Vegetation
and uee *
Soil permeability :
Cotton, A. V. A. Farm.
Moderately alow.
------- - T
I* •••*    |
.1 I I •••'
0-20
20-110 ‘. "
Texture
gilt loam
0-20
a
d
11 0-I"0
170- *00
clay loam_________
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Summery

Summary of Melka Sadi-Amibara Irrigation Project Soil Study

Melka Sadi-Amibara Irrigation Project: Additional Soil Study

Project Overview

Conducted by Italconsult for the Imperial Ethiopian Government's Awash Valley Authority (September 1971). The study area covers 17,770 hectares northeast of Addis Ababa along the Awash River.

Key Objectives

Improve land classification accuracy for irrigation suitability
Assess soil salinity and alkalinity under current and future irrigation
Evaluate soil permeability for water intake and drainage
Determine boron content in soils and irrigation water

Methodology

Activity	Quantity
Soil pits (3m deep)	113
Boreholes (3m deep)	263
Infiltration tests	12
Leaching tests	2 (with 12 treatments)
Soil samples analyzed	1,528

Key Findings

Water Quality

Awash River water classified as C₂S₁ (medium salinity, low sodium hazard). Boron content is low (0.10 ppm).

Soil Characteristics

Most soils have electrical conductivity <4.0 millimhos/cm in root zone
Saline soils mainly found in southeastern Melka Sadi and central Amibara areas
Soils can be effectively leached (30cm water per 30cm soil reduces salts by 80%)
Infiltration rates: 3-23 mm/h (clays to loamy soils)

Land Classification

Land Class	Area (hectares)	Description
Class 1 (Arable)	8,788.6	Best quality for irrigation
Class 2 (Arable)	6,810.4	Moderate quality with some limitations
Class 6 (Non-arable)	1,300.0	Unsuitable for irrigation

Conclusions

The study demonstrates that most of the project area (88%) is suitable for irrigation with proper management. Key recommendations include:

Minimal leaching requirement (31 cu.m/ha)
No significant salinity or alkalinity problems anticipated
Boron content is generally acceptable
Drainage systems should be implemented where permeability is low