Government of Ethiopia Ministry of Water Resources
v
ir Mb MacDonald <& Partners Cambridge, England
LimitedJ
I
J
Jlist of contents
1.           Introduction
2.          Description Of The Drainage SysIra.................................................................................................... 3
2.1        Sub-Surfnee Drainage System
2.2        Surface Drainage System
3.          Design Criteria 
3.1        Calculation Of Drain Spacing 
3.2        Drain Hydraulic Gradient
3.3        Drain Discharge
3.4        Drain Depth ............................................................................................................................................ b
3.5        Manholes?
3.6        Lateral And Collector Drain Design Procedure  8
q
5
4.          Maintenance Inspections Of The Sub-Surface Drainage System ...
11
4.1         Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 11
4.2        Inspections
4.3  Reporting Procedures
11
13
5. Maintenance Work For Sub-Surface Drainage 14
5.1         Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 14
5.2        Drain Cleaning 
5.2.1     Sedimentation Of Drains
5.2.2     Drain Cleaning Equipment
5.2.3     Drain Cleaning 
5.2.4  Frequency And Sequence Of Drain Cleaning 
14
14
14
15
16
5.2.5     Maintenance And Repair Of Sub Surface Drains.........................................................................     25
5.3 Maintenance Of Sub-Surface Drainage Structures
25
5.3.1 
Manholes
26
5.3.2 
Lateral Drain Jetting Eyes
26
5.3.3 
End Pipes
27
5.4 
Rush Clearance
27
5.5 
Maintenance Equipment
.
e
e
28
5.6 
Maintenance By The Project Control Centre
29
6.        Maintenance Work For Surface Drainage                   Systea 6.1         Introduction
30
6.2  Scope Of The Work
6.2.1     Main Drain MD1 
6.2.2     Siltation
6.2.3     Spoil Disposal
*............................ .... ’      ’    ..............................30
............................................................................ 3q
............................................................................. 32
............................................................................. 32
6.2.4     Surface Drains............................................................................................................................... 3-
6.3 Maintenance Equipment Supplied
7.      Drawings
.   .   .    .   ’  . ’       .   .   .   .   *   ’   *   .   *  *    34
^5
c-\uFfrdir\oMndi\nppraiio.iniTable 1
Table 2
LIST OF TABLES
Aaibara Drainage Project Total Lengths Of Sub-Surface Drains
A-ibara  Drainage Project Total Lengths Of Deep Open Surface
Drains
Table 3             Nominal   And   Actual   Internal   Diameter   For   PVC   Corrugated   Drainage Pi pes
Table 4             Design Criteria - Sub-Surface Drainage
Table 5             Length   Of   80   mm   Diameter   Pipes   In   Lateral   Drains   Cotton   Growing Areas
Table 6             Length   Of   80   mm   Diameter   Pipes   in   Lateral   Drains   Banana   Growing Areas
Table 7
Maintenance Interval For Pipe Drainage (Years)
Table 8
Quantities Of Pipes Laid In Metres
Table 9
Block And Field Numbers
Table 10
Total Numbers Of Sub-Surface Drainage Structures
Table 11
Spoil Disposal Areas Melka Sadi
Table 12
Spoil Disposal Area Amibara
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1          Sub Surface Drainage - Melka Sadi
Figure 2          Sub Surface Drainage - Aaibara
Figure 3 Typical Drain Sections
Figure 1 Checking The Function Of Pipe Drains With Piezometers
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 Checking Pipe Systems
APPENDIX 2 Drain Clogging By Iron Ochre APPENDIX 3 Sample Form Ml] APPENDIX 4 As Constructed Drawings APPENDIX 5 Operation And Mnint
L 90 Super D "tenance Manuals And Spare Parts Lists For
rain ^leaning Machine And WT 6000 Wnter Tank Trailer
c. \UBerdir\oand«\operatio.ian
iiABBREVIATIONS
km                    Kilometre
mm                   Millimetre
m                      Metre
mm/d                Millimetres per clay
ha                     Hectare
kg/cn‘               Kilogram per square centimeter Min                   Minute
I AR                 Institute of Agricultural Research ADP                  Amibara Settlement Project
MW                  Melka Werer AL                    Algeta
PTO                  Power take off
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iii1.           Introduction
A    maintenance    manual    for    the    Civil    Engineering    Works    of    the    Amibara    Irrigation Project    II    was    prepared    by    Sir    William    llalcrow    and    Partners    in    November    1984. That         manual         covers         the         institutional         arrangements         involved         in         the implementation      of      the      operation      and      maintenance      of      the      project      works,      a description     of     those     works,     details     of     the     operation     and     maintenance     processes and the personnel and plant involved.
The       Project       Control       Centre       (PCC)       is       responsible       for       the       operation       and maintenance of the common works which include:
a)          Flood protection dykes
b)          The interceptor drain
c)          River diversion works and                irrigation distribution
system and associated structures down to but
excluding     the     off     takes     to     the     tertiary     canals     and drains. These comprise:
i)           Melka Sadi weir, intake and structures; ii)          Primary canal settling reach;
iii)         Primary canal and structures;
iv)         Main drains and structures;
v)          Secondary canals and structures;
vi)         Secondary drains and structures;
Total for part c
d)          Road system and associated structures
e)          PCC buildings and associated services
102 km
26 km
2 km
24 km
30 km
30 km
35 km
135 Km
35 Km
The Amibara  Drainage Project Stage I increases the drainage works and buildings whose operation and maintenance will become the responsibility  of PCC, on the completion of the construction contracts.
These additional works comprise:
A. Housing
2  Nr    Type C Blocks
1 Nr     Type C ServiceQuarter
3  Nr   Type D Blocks
1.5 Nr Type       D Service         Quarter General site works and associated services.
n. Deep Open Drains Including Associated Structures
Drain
New drains
Remodelled drains
Length Of
Drain (Km)
11.90
38.34
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1c       Buried Sub-Surface Drainage
Length Of
Drain (km)
Collector           Drains
Lateral Drains
124
886
Total Length
1010 Kb
The existing  operation and maintenance manual deals with building  and services and the seven additional buildings would be included in the operation and maintenance role that PCC already  fulfills for existing  buildings. The additional length of new open drains is some 12.9  km, 11.2  km of which i6  for drain SD7. This represents an additional 20%  of drain to  be maintained by  PCC or some 10%  of the total length of the existing  canal and drain system. However, because of the increase in the depth of the deep open drainage system the maintenance work is more difficult and will require additional machinery to  carry  it out. The maintenance of the open drains and associated structures is covered in the existing  operation and maintenance manual. It has been assumed that maintenance of the remodelled and new surface drains will remain the responsibility of the PCC.
The addition of the sub-surface drainage system is a  new category  of works not covered by  the existing  operation and maintenance manual and its maintenance is the main subject of this manual.
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22.
DcBcription Of The Drainage System
2.1
a)
Sub-Surface Drainage System
Pipe Drains
Lateral drains comprising  65  mm and 80  mm diameter slotted corrugated PVC pipes have been installed at an average depth of about 1.7m surrounded by  an envelope of red ash material some 75mm thick. At the junction of the lateral and collector drain a  jetting  eye has been provided to  allow the lateral drain to  be cleaned. A protective concrete slab has been placed above the jetting eye. At the end of each drain line an end cap has been fixed. Where the length of the lateral drain exceeds 400  m, jetting  will also  be carried out from the end of the lateral at its end cap.
Collector drains comprising  160  mm, 250  mm and 335  mm, corrugated PVC pipes have been installed at an average depth of some 2.5  m. Manholes have been installed on the collector drains at approximately  350  m centres. The manholes are constructed of circular concrete pipe sections with a  concrete base and cover slab which incorporates an access opening  some 600  X 500  mm. Manholes are all either buried below ground or covered with an earth mound of some 300 mm thickness.
The     total     lengths     of     lateral     and     collector     drain     installed     in     the     Melka     Sadi and Amibara areas are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Amibara Drainage Project Total Lengths Of Sub-Surface Drains
Drain Diameter
Lengths Of Sub Surface Drains In Ki
(■■)
Melka Sadi
Amibara
Total
65
80
160
250
335
488
278
766
82
38
120
35
14
49
34
14
16
48
11
72
Total Lengths Of Pipe
655
355
1010
Area with sub-surface
drainage (ha)
24 38
1382
3820
b) Outfall Structures
Lateral drains Outfall into
deep open drains.
collector drains
or in some         cases directly
into
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3The field lateral outfall structure comprises a  5  metre length of unslotted corrugated PVC pipe running  into  a  2  metre long  by  100  mm diameter concrete pipe which protrudes into  the open drain with a  1  metre wide section of 150 mm thick rip-rap extending  Trom the outlet pipe down to, and including, the drain bed.
The collector drain outfall comprises a  3  metre length of concrete pipe, the diameter of which varies with the collector drain pipe diameter. The outlet pipe protrudes into  the open drain with 2  metre wide section of 300  mm thick rip-rap extending from the outlet pipe down to and including the drain bed.
2.2       Surface Drainage Systea
The surface drainage system consists of 38.34  km of remodelled deep open drains of which 25.54  km are in the Melka  Sadi area  and 12.80  km are in Amibara. In addition there are two  new major drains (SD7  and SD4/2) in the Amibara  area  which are 11.90  km long  in total. Deep open drains are approximately  4  metres maximum depth and have 1:1.5  side slopes. Any  drains over 3.5  metres in depth have a  berm incorporated into  the side slope, both for stability  and for ease of maintenance. In addition to  the deep open drains there are a  number of new or remodelled tertiary  and surface field drains which discharge into  the deep open drainage system. There are also  a number of additional major cross drainage structures as well as associated minor structures, which are situated in the deep open and surface drains.
The deep open drainage system, maintenance of which is the responsibility  of the PCC, has increased by  some 10X of the total length of canals and drains a  ready  maintained by  PCC. The total lengths of remodelled and new drains is shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Amibara Drainage Project
Total Lengths Of Deep Open Surface Drains
MELKA
SADI
TYPE
LENGTH
KM
MD1
SD2
R
7.13
SD3
R
5.21
SD8
R
3.20
SD9
R
5.50
R
4.50
AMIBARA
Total
25.54
SD4
SD4/2
R
5.60
SD5
N
0.70
SD6
R
0.80
SD7
R
N
6.40
11.20
R-remodelled
Total
24.70
N-new
InoXe..
°f
in Melka Sadi and Amibara
is 50
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43.           Design Criteria
Given below is a  summary  of
drainage.
3.1 Calculation Of Drain Spacing
the     criteria     used     in     the     design     of     the     sub     surface
The Amibara  soils are very  varied with numerous layers of contrasting  textures and permeabilities in the top 5  metres of soil. Hence a  weighted value of hydraulic conductivity was calculated using the formula.
k weighted = kjtj ♦ kjt.j
Where k| is the hydraulic conductivity of layer 1
tj is the thickness of layer 1 etcetera
tj... tg is the total soil thickness under
cons iderat ion.
Barrier layers were identified using  the Winger method which defines an impermeable layer as one having  a  hydraulic conductivity  value of one fifth (or less)than the weighted values of the layers above it, as far as the maximum height for the groundwater to be permitted after drain installation.
Drain spacings were calculated using  the Hooghaudt Formula, with an average drain depth of 1.8m, drainage rates for cotton of 2.5mm/d and for bananas 3.4mm/d and 0.5m difference in hydraulic head between each drain and the point mid-way to the next drain.
3.2       Drain Hydraulic Gradient
A minimum slope for lateral of 0.001 or
generally in the project area except in
slopes in the direction of flow in the lateral drains.
1 in 1000 has been adopted and used a few areas which have steep ground
Generally the
. 
co ec or rains run down the lines of -gr----e-at ——xz est s*. lope so that lateral canoiufpece av vi d mu xauci ai van ivvd
ru
-j
rom o si es‘ f the collector ran parallel to the contour then the
e
seriously restrict their length.
be running against the ground slope and this would
A minimum collector slope of n nnn^ i u
« 
oi U.U005 has been adopted for very flat areas 3.3       Drain Discharge
As stated above, the design
of 2.5mm/d for drains mShllscbarg^s for lateral drains are based on a rate
...
An areal reduction factor of Rn» u
area and 3 4mm/d for the banana
-
has been used for collector drain discharges.
areas,
c:\uBcrdir\oMdi\opcritio.iftnLateral discharge has been based on the equation
n=
422 D3 “ i2/3 m3/s
where D is the internal pipe diameter in meters i is the pipe slope.
Discharge in the collector pipe is given by:
The lateral discharge equation allows for both spatially  varied flow into  the pipe and the effect of siltation of the pipe. The collector drain formula makes no allowance for siltation or spatially varied flow.
The   nominal   and   actual   pipe   diameters   are   given   in   Table   3. the equivalent diameters for multiple collector pipes.
Tab Ic 3
Nominal And Actual Internal Diameter For PVC Corrugated Drainage Pipes
Also shown are
Drain Type
Nominal
Diameter
(■■)
Internal
Diameters
(■■)
Laterals                                                                       65                                                                            59
80
72
Coilectors                                                                  160                                                                          146
250
335
225
300
Equivalent
Internal Diameters
(■■)
Double Collectors
2 x   160                                                                          184
160 ♦ 250
160 + 335
2 x   250
250 ♦   335
2 x   335
244
311
283
337
378
3.4       Drain Depth
maximum drain depth of 2 im r ••
1" the designs was 1.8.
which resulted in a
tn ? Dm Thi
ffpnornliv 
. 
x  aullui urains generally nau uepvus ui £.uih
Collector drains generally had depths of 2.5m
generally of the order of 3.0m to 3.5m.
In some places, a minimum drain
appropriate depth of collector,
low point in the ground profile
the centre line of the lateral
lateral/collector junctions.
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r>r
ln       ?rn       ’     resu^teci     in     the     depth     of     the     disposal     system     being
depth    of    1.6m    was    used,    to    allow    a    more It    also    occurred    where    the    drain    crossed    a
A  minimum  drop  of  300  mm  was  allowed  from to the centre line of the collector atA minimum drop of 0.20m was allowed from the collector dram pipe invert to the open drain design water level. In a  few cases it was necessary  to  reduce this value for an individual collector outlet to  avoid deepening  the open drain. A surcharge of up to  150  mm has been allowed when designing  the collector drains.
3.5       Manholes
Manholes have been installed on collector drains at an average spacing  of 350m and a  maximum spacing  of 450m. Locations have been chosen at pipe bends and changes in pipe slope as these are places where siltation is more likely  to occur. In addition manhole locations were chosen to  coincide with a  lateral drain junction where this was possible. A manhole was also  provided at the upstream end of each collector where it could be positioned at a field edge.
It. was originally  intended that manholes located in fields would be buried but those at field edges or outside cropped areas would be exposed to  allow easy access. Unfortunately  these exposed manholes were subjected to  damage from vandals and subsequent blockage. The exposed manholes were then buried by  an earth mound to prevent further vandalism.
A     summary     of     the     design     criteria     for     sub-surface     drainage     is     shown     in     Table 4.
Table 4
Design Criteria - Sub-surface Drainage
Lateral Drains
Drainage rate
Minimum pipe gradient.
Minimum depth of drain at head of
lateral, or low point along lateral
Pipe filter surround, minimum thickness
Difference in level, centre line of
lateral and collector
Banana  3.4mm/d
Cotton 2.5mm/d
0.1X
1.6m
75mm
300nm
Collector Drains
Drainage rate
Areal reduction factor
Minimum pipe gradient
Maximum    length    oT    pipe      run
between inspection chambers
Difference in invert level
and design water level in
°f collector
drain
Banana 3.4mm/d
Cotton 2.5mm/d
0.8
0.05X
350m
200mm
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73.6        Lateral And Collector Drain Design Procedure
A     simplified     step     by     step     procedures     used     in     the     design     of     sub-surface     drains is given below.
1.               On     a     1:5000     scale     plan,     the     critical     lowest     ground     level     (G.L)     along the     line     of     the     lateral     was     marked.     At     this     point     (say     150m     from     the collector),      the      lateral      drain      level      was      G.L.      -      1.8m      (drain      depth).      At the       lateral       drain/collector       junction       the       lateral       drain       level       was       G.L. -1.8 - (150 X 0.001) where 0.001 is the lateral drain slope.
2.                 The       lateral       levels       at       the       collector       were       plotted       against       distances along     the     collector.     A     depth     of     0.3m     was     subtracted     from     the     lateral levels       to       give       the       corresponding       maximum       collector       levels       at       each lateral junction.
3.               Collector     levels     were     chosen     to     be     at     or     below     the     maximum     collector drain      levels      allowing      for      a      minimum      collector      drain      slope      of      0.0005. A     single     lateral     which     had     a     level     lower     than     the     general     level     could be raised by up to 0.2m.
The     area     drained     (A)     at     each     level     point     (i.e     at     each     field     boundary)     was calculated, and the corresponding discharge obtained using the formula:
Q =                      25 X 0.8 X A - Cotton area
86.4
H “ 
where q is discharge in 1/s and A
34 X 0.8 X A                      - Banana area
86.4
is the area in hectares.
The collector pipe sizes were chosen based on the slope and discharge at t e upstream end of each pipe run (i.e at each field boundary) using the formula
q=
150 D1 iI/3
where D is the internal pipe diameter
6. Manholes were placed at changes
pipe diameters.
7.
in metres and i is the pipe slope,
in collector slopes and/or changes in
using^he*f\ the lengths of 65mm and 80 mm pipe were calculated
XS f.° t "r
oo
q=
r 8iVr ?"
0*8, together with the discharge formula.
422 D3,25
1 but
th '
—1
For a standard latemi •
65mm and 80mm pine wer 6 slope °f °-00l> t,‘bles of the lengths of for both the cotton j PreP«red for various drain lengths and spacings 6. an<* banana areas. These are shown in Tables 5 and
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8Table 5
Length Of 80bb Diameter Pipes In Lateral Drains - Cotton Growing Areas
COTTON GROWING AREAS
TOTAL LENGTH OF LATERAL,
L, IN
LENGTH OF
FOR DRAIN
80MM DIA.
SPACING:-
PIPE IN A     LATERAL
METRES (65MM + 80MM DI A.
PIPE)
30M
45M
60M
75M
L  < 100
100 <   L <   150
150 <   L <   200
200 <    L <  250
250 <    L <  300
300 <   L <  350
350 <    L <  400
400 <    L <  450
0
0
0
0
0
un
0
50
0
0
0
0
30
80
130
180
0
0
0
45
95
145
195
245
0
0
40
90
140
190
Max. allowable Length of Lateral    (65    and    80    dia.
Combined)
Pipe
900
600
450
360
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9Table 6
Length Of 80m Diaaeter Pipes In Lateral Drains - Banana Growing Areas
MELKA SADI BANANA UNIT AREA
TOTAL LENGTH OF LATERAL, METRES (65MM + 80MM DI A.
L, IN
PIPE)
LENGTH OF 80MM DIA. PIPE IN A LATERAL FOR DRAIN SPACING:-
30M
45M
60M
75M
L < 100
100 < L < 150
150 < L < 200
200 < L < 250
250 < L < 300
300 < L < 350
350 < L <100
400 < L < 450
0
0
0
0
0
45
95
145
0
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
0
50
100
150
-
-
0
30
90
130
-
-
-
Max. allowable Length of Lateral (65 and 80 di a.          Pipe
|| Combined)
675
450
335
270         |
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t
104.         Maintenance Inspections Of The Sub-Surface Drainage Systeu
4.1       Introduction
Buried pipe drainage systems, properly  installed, generally  need very  little care to  keep them operating  satisfactorily. However, newly  constructed systems require close vigilance during  the early  years of operation. Proper care of the system during  this early  period will increase the effectiveness of the drains and will often eliminate the need for future costly  maintenance. Drainage system failures or partial failures are usually  associated with unstable soil conditions which cause: shifts in pipe alignment and slope, collapsed pipe; pulled joints and; clogged outlets, pipes and manholes. The overall functioning  of a  pipe drainage system may  be checked by  water table observations and individual malfunctioning  drains may  be identified by observing  discharges. The cause of malfunctioning  may  be diagnosed by measuring  flow resistance by  means of piezometers. This is discussed in Appendix 1 of the manual.
4.2       Inspections
An inspection of the efficiency  of the drainage system would normally  be carried out by  an inspection of the pipe outlets after irrigation of the fields through which the drains run. However, this is not possible in the whole project area, as the abandonment of some fields over a  number of years has caused the watertable in these fields to  drop below the level of the field drains. It is recommended that a  programme of drain inspection and cleaning starts in the irrigation season of 1996.
Recommendations    on    the     sequence     of     drain    flushing     for     1996     and    subsequent years arc given in part 5.2.4 of the manual.
All drain outlets should be inspected for flow, after irrigation. If no  flow is observed, the drains should be cleaned using  the drain flushing  machine and any  blockages, pulled joints etc. will become obvious by  the flushing  head being unable to proceed up the full length of the drain.
For those drains which do not flow because of the low watertable level due to tie ac o irrigation, some sample drains should be flushed to identify any
sys ema ic pro ems. The results of these sample tests should be used to eci e i l wou be worthwhile to continue to flush every drain, or to halt
the sample testing as so few faults have been identified.
rniiiiPndMHi Preliminary programme of drain flushing in 1996, it is
r drnin l * a complete visual inspection of the system and a programme of doom cleaning be c.rriod out e.ch yenr In the irrigation so.non.
The visual inspection would co.prise the folloning:-
a) An
to
i)
id^nt?f10n        the     outfall     of     the     buried     drain     into     the     open     drain, identify problems such as:
follow^ f.rom the drains where it would be expected; e.g.
pi lng irrigation oT the area through which the drains run, or
llOW ln adjacent drains;
CMierdir\oandi\operil o.ian
l
11ii)
the presence of rodent nests in the pipe outlets. The construction contract included the fixing  of rodent screens to the pipe outlets. However the continual theft of these screens made their installation useless and this provision was discontinued;
iii)          breakage   or   removal   of   the   outlet   pipes.   These   are   often   broken by     careless     cleaning     of     the     open     drains.     These     breakages     may become   particularly   common   in   drains   which   are   heavily   weeded,   so obscuring      the      outlet      structures.      Significant      areas      of      pitching have   been   provided   around   and   below   the   outlet   pipe   down   to   drain bed    level.    It    is    expected    that,    when    the    open    drains    are    being cleaned    the    impact    of    the    excavator    bucket    on    this    pitching    will give    the    operator    some    warning    of    the    presence    of    an    outlet.    If the     operators     still     continue     to     damage     outlets,     the     installation of   a   large   boulder   or   some   other   substantial   marker   at   the   top   of the      drain      slope      directly      above      the      drain      outlet      should      be considered,     to     give     the     excavator     operator     additional     warning     of the presence of a drain outlet structure;
iv)        displacement of pitching around the outlet;
v)         erosion of the drain embankments, around the outlet;
vi)            drowning    of    outlets    by    high    water    levels    in    the    open    drains caused by si 1 tat ion and/or weed growth.
b) An inspection of sample manholes
On drains which do  not appear to  be working  well, the earth cover to  a  sample manhole should be removed, the manhole cover itself removed and the condition inside the manhole inspected. This will provided useful information on the condition of the manhole and the inlet and outlet pipes themselves and the rate of siltation that is occurring  in the system. Signs of erosion or settlement around the outside of the manholes should also  be investigated. The presence of high water levels in the manholes would be evidence of blockage within the system.
c)          Sample drain lines (particularly those which problems) should be walked along to look for;
are suspected to have
i)             small    or    large    sinkholes.    These    are    often    signs    of    a    broken    pipe or faulty pipe joints;
ii)            wet    spots    over    a    drain    are    good    indicators    that    the    drain    has become completely or partially blocked;
iii)           the    growth    of    trees    or    large    shrubs    over    the    drains.    Some    tree species     have     roots     which     can     spread     out     from     the     tree     for     a distance     equal     to     the     height     of     the     tree     itself.     Blockage     of
of these drains.
d) The presence of iron ochre.
older    drains
by    tree    roots    is    the    most    common    cause    of    blockage
A problem of high entry
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resistance with drain D21 on the pilot drainage scheme
12uns found to  be caused by  the presence of black slime in some of the pipe slots. This is believed to  be a  form of iron ochre. Fortunately  in this case the material could easily  be removed by  hand. More detail or iron ochre problems and their solution are given in Appendix 2.
In addition to  this annual inspection, PCC and State Farm Btaff should be vigilant and report possible faults in the drainage system to  PCC so  that they can be dealt with promptly.
4.3      Reporting Procedures
The existing  Maintenance Manual set up a  system of Standard Forms for Inspection, Survey  and Maintenance of the Project Works. The set of forms Ml to  M9  are inspection and maintenance work forms for the various components of the project, including  the weir and headworks, the river and flood protection works, canal and drain system, and roads and buildings. The reports are completed by  the person carryingout the inspection and detail the maintenance work required. Form MIO is used to  estimate the labour plant and materials, together with their estimated cost needed to  complete a  particular piece of work. These forms cover the full range of components included in the Amibara Drainage Works Contract with the exception of the sub-surface drainage works. Hence a  new form has been prepared, Form Mil, which covers the inspection and notification of the sub-surface drainage repair works required. A pro-forma of Form Mil is shown in Appendix 3.
In addition to  completing  the forms following  routine inspection, they  should also  be completed for incidental reports of problems, which would instigate an assessment of the necessary repair work.
c:\iwrdir\onfli\opentio.iafi
135.          Maintenance Work For Sub-Surface Drainage
5.1       Introduction
Most maintenance of sub-surface drainage is reactive, i.e a  response to observed problems. If problems can be reported and solved soon after they occur, they  may  be easily  solved, but delay  in the repair to  the system often makes it progressively  more difficult and expensive to  reinstate the drains. Drains may  relatively  quickly  reach the point where their complete reinstatement is required unless quite simple repairs are carried out when the problems are discovered.
In    addition    to    this    reactive    approach,    two    forms    of    maintenance    should    also be carried out an a regular basis. These are:-
1)         drain cleaning
2)         clearing of bush and trees along drain lines in areas which are
not currently cultivated
5.2       Drain Cleaning
5.2.1 Sedimentation Of Drains
Sedimentation of drains is mainly  caused by  silt or sand in the soil. Siltation caused by  silt material is usually  small and of minor influence. However sometimes undesirable siltation may occur due to:
a)               high      groundwater      levels      during      construction.      Siltation      is      sometimes caused     by     the     high     velocity     of     groundwater     in     the     unstabilised     trench carrying     silt     into     the     pipe.     Hence     trenches     should     not     be     left     open for       long       periods,       particularly       during       periods       of       high       rainfall. Generally during construction, this situation did not occur;
b)             a    leaching    process    sometimes    makes    the    soil    unstable,    which    causes    silt particles to enter the drain.
Generally,    sedimentation    by    sand    occurs    more    frequently    than    sedimentation    by silt. It is mainly caused by:
a)          the filter envelope around the drains being too thin in some locations;
b)             the    gradation    of    the    envelope    material    being    variable    with    an    excess    of coarse material in some locations;
c)          damage to pipe or pipe joints allowing inflow of soil material. 5.2.2     Drain Cleaning Equipment
The drain cleaning equipment usually has three components:
1)
2)
3)
to pressurise the hose n„d .7 
c:\a6erdir\oandi\operatio.iao
se and flushing head.1
14The flushing head Ims a s of jets (normally 4 or 6) hose up the drain.
ingle   nozzle   on   the   front   of   the   head   and   a   number directed backwards to propel the flushing head and
The     pressure     at     the     pump.of     the     cleaning     machine     is     normally     operated     at
between     45     and     65     kg/cm2,     although     the     machine     supplied     is     capable     of
operating      up      to      80kg/cm2.      At      the      normal      operations      range,      the      water
quantities    required    are    of    the    order    of    100    lit.res/min.    Hence    a    6000    litre
tanker can ---------------------- ---------  .
is   400m   and   the   reel   can   be   power
driven 
.  . 
only provide sufficient water for about an hour. The hose length
.     ---- .-I-- u------------  The
to   rewind   the   hose.   The pum
p is
driven from a P.T.O. of the tractor.
5.2.3 Drain Cleaning
Drain  cleaning  should  preferably  be carried  out when  water is flowing  through the pipes,  when  deposits in  the pipes are wet and  can  more easily  be removed than  in  dry  and  "hard” conditions.  Furthermore,  the resistance of the flushing  head  in  wet pipes is less than  in  dry  pipes.  Of course,  if the pipes are blocked,  there will be no  flow in  the drains,  and  cleaning  will be slower than  if the drain  is flowing.  In  addition,  access to  some drains in  the irrigation  season  would  not be possible due to  wet ground  conditions or standing  crops.  In  this case,  the drain  cleaning  programme would  be extended into the non-irrigation season.
Drain  manholes have been  provided  along  collector drains at approximately  350m intervals,  although  in  a few places this has been  extended  to  450m.  The length of hose on the drain cleaning machine* is 400 m*
On  the lateral drains,  jetting  eyes have been  provided  at the junction  of the lateral and  collector drains.  At the end  of the lateral drains,  the end  caps have a magnet attached  to  them,  and  the use of magnetic locators should  help to  locate the position  of the end  caps,  from above ground.  Four magnetic locators have been  provided  to  PCC for this purpose.  In  addition,  magnets, or in  some cases metal components,  have been  attached  to  the concrete slabs above the jetting ryes.
Generally drain cleaning is carried out in an upstream
direction i.e from the
open  rain  en 0 the drain  pipes.  However for drains with  access points grea er an  m apart,  it may  be necessary  to  clean  drains in  a downstream direction for short distances.
d^ainVr^VLn^leV.0^
eJer^tthe'L\Vr7Mcol?eXr°Uld
made frOIB th<? collector outfall into the open
B ’anh°leS
°"
the
end    can.    It    should    =1    5tOr      Junctl°ns    and    at    the    end    of    the    lateral    at
collector’
jetting 
the
magnetic locators sensing the^ ^^
5       t0
g the reinforcement in the top slabs of the manholes.
buHed “anh°leS Using the
c:\i8erdir\oudi\openlio.m
15The entry  velocity  of the flushing  head  and  hose depends very  much  on  the degree of siltation  in  the pipe but would  generally  between  10m and  40m per minute,  allowing  the hose to  proceed  up  the full length  of a 400m lateral in about 15 minutes.
IT  obstructions are encountered  and  the hose will not continue further,  the obstruction  should  be located  and  removed  and  the pipe repaired.  The hose should  not be retracted  from the pipe too  fast.  In  principle it should  be done at the same speed  that it entered  the pipe.  This allows the loose material in  the pipe to  flow back  through  the pipe in  front of the rear jets of the flushing  head  as it is retracted.  The obstruction  in  the pipe can  be located  by  reading  the meter counter on  the machine.  It will not be possible to locate the flushing head using the magnetic locator.
There is an  attachment that can  be purchased  for locating  the flushing  head. This uses a tiny  transmitter attached  to  the flushing  head  which  is detected by  a portable receiver above ground.  The accuracy  of location  is about 0.5m and  the maximum depth  of drain  for which  it is effective is some 2.5m. However,  its immediate purchase is not recommended  unless many  obstructions in pipes are found.
The drain  cleaning  method  is capable of removing  relatively  recent deposits of sediment,  small dead  roots of shrubs or trees,  chemical sediments that are not encrusted,  and  limited  amounts of sand.  If will not deal with  badly clogged  pipes,  particularly  those clogged  by  sand,  live plant roots and  old crusted  sediments.  Generally  the inside of the pipe and  most of the perforations will be cleaned  by  the drain  cleaner,  but contamination  of the filter envelope will not be removed,  or if it is removed  it will be to  a very limited  extent only.  It is therefore very  important that clogged  or blocked pipes are cleaned  as soon  as possible after the clogging  occurs.  This is particularly  important in  the first one or two  years after the installation of the pipes.
5.2.4 Frequency       And Sequence Of Drain Cleaning
Drain      cleaning cleaning of the
is     most     likely     to     be     required     in     the     lateral     drains,     with co ector pipes and manholes needing to be done less often.
rond^
conditions encountered. m -
Hnn?pnrnf      drain       cleaning    as    a    project-wide    process    depends    on    the    soil
based on topsoil and sub-soil t. a number of countries.
Table     7     shows     typical     intervals     for     drain     cleaning --- -ypes. This is based on general experience from
c:\useroi r\o»udi\opertlio .iu
16Maintenance     Interval For Pipe Drainage (Years)
Texture Of     Topsoil
Sub-Soil Texture
Light Med i iib
Light
2
Medium
3
Heavy
4
5
Heavy                                                                       4                                5                                     6
It would  be expected  that drain  cleaning  would  be required  about every  five years for this project.  However,  more frequent cleaning  in  the first and second  years may  be required  as the soils settle and  conditions become stable. For areas where leaching  is practical,  an  early  drain  cleaning  operation following the leaching process is recommended.
Appendix  4  contains the ’as constructed’ drawings for the subsurface drainage system.  Drawings 6A and  7  A of Appendix  4  show the areas in  Melka Sadi and Amibara respectively  where subsurface drainage pipes have been  installed,  and also  indicates the block  numbers for each  area.  The block  numbers were given during construction for ease of reference.
Table 8  gives the lengths of lateral and  collector pipe installed  in  each block  so  that this can  serve as a gauge for PCC when  deciding  how much  drain can  be flushed  during  any  one year and  in  which  areas this should  be carried out.
It is estimated  that approximately  32  kilometres per month  (or 210  km per year over a 7  month  period) of drain  could  be flushed.  During  the first two  years (1996,  1997) priority  areas should  be flushed  and  thereafter drains could  be flushed  on  a rotation  at basis so  that the whole scheme is covered  over about a five year period.
Figures 1  and  2  show the boundaries of the drainage installation  in  Melka Sadi an  Ami ara respectively  and  the field  numbers corresponding  to  the drained area.
The block numbers and their respective field numbers are as shown in Table 9.
c:\userdir\oindi\operalio.ian
17Table 8
Qualities Of Pipet Laid la Metres
Size m m
Mclka Sadi
Block Nr
335             250              160              80                65
Collector     L           Lateral
1
753
1002
2048
0
35881
1A
1466
3081
1642
5650
31142
2
737
1505
918
0
28871
3
1085
500
2533
0
34126
3A
459
865
2435
0
17935
4
813
1814
1268
1225
18031
5
0
1356
326
5900
10990
6
775
1515
421
7400
14259
7
0
1468
315
7804
10242
8
1285
1139
0
1750
7131
9
0
681
945
4670
3287
10
257
2123
620
0
33492
11
3580
0
0
0
32967
12
922
957
741
0
22530
13
529
987
698
4250
7300
14
1138
2415
964
12650
14334
15
0
216
886
1790
4716
Bl
0
0
0
4500
7077
B2
675
1942
2394
1550
33211
B3
0
706
2248
3400
11204
B4
0
1223
918
2900
12535
B5
1758
1707
2257
3900
32604
B6
0
3229
2362
3050
36765
B7
0
428
794
0
11330
B8
0
1568
4609
B9
8120
16421
29
1268
2406
1551
0
Total MS
16261
33695
34748
82060
488381
Atnibara Block Nr
1AR
2127
MW1
1247
1952
69(0
25547
769
M WZ
755
971
5250
7538
1443
Adi’
4062
3676
6450
68072
Af
AL
3090
2502
1313
13350
50134
3441
5119
5585
6150
126438
Total AM
10870
13685
13497
38100
277729
:\uscrdir\rcpon.(iE\jsdtotai.wK3Boundary of drained areaFigure 2Block Number Melkn Sadi
1A
2
3 3A
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Tabic 9
Block And Field Numbers
Field Nuaber
F3/1/13 to F3/1/16 
F4/1/1A, IB, 2A, 2B
F4/3/15A, 15B, 16A, 16B F4/2/11A, 11B, 12
F3/1/9 to F3/1/12
F3/1/5 to F3/1/8 
F3/2/19 to F3/2/21
F3/1/1 to F3/1/4
F3/2/27 to F3/2/32
F3/2/22 to F3/2/26
F3/3/33 to F3/3/38
F3/3/39 to F3/3/43
F3/4/46 to F3/4/49
F3/3/44, 45, 54, 55
F1/2D/61 to F1/2D/67
F1/2B/55 to F1/2B/60 F1/2A/16 to F1/2A/21 FA/1/11 to Fl/1/15
Fl/1/5 to Fl/1/10 Fl/1/3 to Fl/1/4
:\oserdir\oandi\operiuio.ian
21Table 9 continued:
Melka Sadi Banana Unit Bl
82
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9 Aaibara
I AR ASPI ASP2 ASP3 MW1 MW2 AL1 AL2 AL3 AL4 AL5
3B1 to 3B7
2C13 to 2C17, 2D18 to 2D22
2A1 to 2A6
2B1 to 2B4
1A1 to 1A4, 1B1 to 1B7
3B8 to 3B10, 3B13 to 3B19, 4A8, 4B9, 4B10, 4C8, 4C12, 4C13
3A2, 3A3, 3A5
2B5 to 2B12, 2D23 to 2D30 1A9 part, 1A10
4A9,
108 to 130, 208 to 230
ASP 1- A, ASP 1-B
ASP 2
ASP 3
F61A, FG1B, F62A, FG2D, F63A, F638, F6/4
D2/2   to   D2/10,   01/11   to   DI/17,   D3/1, B3-2, B3-3, B2-1 to B2-4
AL1 A1.2 AL3 AL4 AL 5
c:\o5erdir\oandi\op?rilio.iAn
GGThe areas to  be maintained  (with  reference to  the block  and  field  numbers given  in  Table 9  and  shown  on  Figures 1  and  2) and  their priority  order would be as follows.
Priority 1
Land where leaching      has been carried out already and which can be handed back to State Farms.
Block
Fields
Approximate Length Of Lateral (km)
Approximate Flushing Time (Months)
1
F3/1/13 to 15
18
0.6
2
F3/1/10 to 12
22
0.7
5
F3/2/25, 26
8
0.3
6
F3/3/33 to 36
15
0.5
Total
63
2.1
Because of the short time involved  in  priority  1,  it is probably  more beneficial that priority  2  becomes land  which  is already  in  production,  rather than  land  which  is in  the process of being  leached  and  which  will not be completed for some time.
Priority 2
Land  which  has been  previously  abandoned  but which in  the cotton  area,  in  addition  to  some areas which cultivation and irrigation.
is   now   back   in   production, have been constantly under
Block               Fields
1        F3/1/16 to F3/3/1/18 1A     All     fields
4         All     fields
6          F3/3/37, 38
Approximate Length Of Lateral (km)
Approximate Flushing 
Time (Months)
7 
All
fields
8 
All
fields
9 
All
fields
Total
116
0.6
1.2
0.6
0.2
0.6
0.3
0.3
3.8
:\userdir\oiid«\operatio un
2 3Priority 3
Priority 3 should be to finish leached and are either back in Block 3A should be completed at flushing operations in a fairly
the     flushing     of     all     fields     which     have     been production      on      shortly      will      be.      In      addition, 
this    time    to    so    that    a    reasonable    sequence    of compart area is maintained.
Block
Fields
Approximate Length 
Of Lateral (km)
3                        All fields                                        34
3A 5
All fields 18 F3/2/22 to F3/2/24  10
Tot a 1                               62
Approximate Flushing Time (Months)
1.1 0.6 0. 3 2.0
Priority 4
There are only  a few fields in  the Melka Sadi Banana Unit in  production  at present.  However,  it is considered  prudent to  flush  the drains in  these fields at a reasonably  early  stage in  their life because of the history  of high  water tables and  abandonment of land  in  the banana area.  This should  be followed  by  the remaining  cotton  fields in  production  in  the Melka Sadi area and those fields in the Institute of Agricultural Research in Amibara.
Block
Fields
B5
1A to 1A4, 1B1 to 1B4
B4
2B1, 2B2, 2B3
B7
3A2, 3A3, 3A5
B2
2D18, 2D19, 2C14 to 2/16
B6
4A8, 4A9, 4B9, 4B10, 3B18 3B19
10
All fields
11
All fields
12
All fields
I AR     All fields Priority 5
Approximate Length Of Lateral (km)
29 12
9
17
16
34
33 23
32
Total                              205
Approximate Flushing Time (Months)
0.9 0.4
0.3
0.5
0.5
1.1 1 0 0.7 1.0 6.4
The last remaining priority for flushing under cultivation and those areas in both bush but which might be cleared in the cultivation.
In Amibara, water years might worsen and ASP 3.
is those fields in  Amibara currently Melka Sadi which  are currently  under near future and might be put under
tables are currently low but irrigation over the next two e situation. The only areas affected in Amibara are MW1
c.\oB**rdi r\omdi\operRt io. urn
21Block               Fields
Approximate Length Of Lateral (km)
13 20
Approximate Flushing Time (Months)
MW1
ASP3
All
All
fields
fields
Total                              33
0.4
0.6
1.0
Future Priorities
The recommendations made are not definitive and  to  a certain  extent depend  on how the situation  develops in  the future,  particularly  with  leaching,  the handing  over of leached  land  to  the State Farms,  and  bush  clearing  and reclamation  of abandoned  land.  The recommendations should  be viewed  as guidelines,  but the PCC should  be prepared  to  be flexible in  their approach and  should  review the recommendations while taking  into  account the future developments on project.
In  addition  to  the recommendations made,  it is imperative that PCC should  be prepared  to  accommodate any  flushing  or remedial work  which  might become necessary  following  the regular visual site inspections carried  out by  them and  which  are aimed  at identifying  faults in  the system which  might become apparent through those inspections.
5.5.5   Maintenance And Repair Of Sub Surface Drains
The drain  flushing  recommended  previously  is designed  to  keep  drains in working  condition.  The regular drain  inspections also  recommended  are to identify problem areas which need rectification or repair.
If a drain  becomes irreparably  clogged  with  material which  cannot be removed by  flushing  there is little alternative but to  excavate and  remove the offending section of drain and replace it.
A    comprehensive    quantity    of    drain    parts    -    pipe,    junctions,    tees,    glue    etcetera are   retained   in   the   pipe   making   factory   at   Melka   Werer.   In   the   events   of   any failure of the system, these items can be used to effect repairs.
5.3 Maintenance Of Sub-Surface Drainage Structures The sub-surface drainage structures are:
1)       Collector drain outfalls into open drains
2)
3)
4)
Lateral drain outfalls into open drains; Manholes;
Jetting eyes.
The total numbers of each of
these structures are given in Table 10.
c:\userdir\oMdi\operatio.ian
25Table 10
Total Numbers Of Sub-Surface Drainage Structures Melka Sadi
Amibara
Total
44
17
61
Collector Drain Outfalls Lateral Drain Outfalls Manholes
Lateral Drain Jetting Eyes
The     maintenance currently under maintenance are
5.3.1    Manholes
68
14
82
347
134
481
1790
964
2754
of the drain outfalls are similar toother drainage structures the responsibility of PCC and the procedures for their
similar to those described in the existing maintenance manual.
Manholes are now buried,  which  makes the inspection  of the inside of them not so  immediate as for exposed  manholes.  Their burial became essential due to repeated  tampering  and  vandalism of them.  However once it is decided  to inspect the inside of a manhole,  the opportunity  should  be used  to  carry  out any  necessary  maintenance of it at the same time.  Once the earth  cover to  the manhole a removed, it should not be left open and unattended.
Maintenance work is likely to be minor and might include:
1)         Backfilling and compaction of earth around the manholes;
2)         Removal of deposited material from inside the manhole;
3)             Plastering     or     sealing     the    manhole    where    major    leakage    or    inflow    of    soil from outside the manhole occurs;
4)               Differential      settlement      of      the      manhole,      which      should      be      corrected      by underpinn ing.
Four ladders each  five metres in  length  have been  supplied  under Contract ADP/T/03/90  to  facilitate access into  the manholes.  Two  Wickham Genie single diaphragm pumps have also  been  provided  for pumping  out manholes or excavations and one concrete mixer has been provided for carrying out repairs.
5.3.2     Lateral Drain Jetting Eyes
Jetting yes are particularly prone to damage which most often occurs during e .1 ^ exposure y excavating machine, careless rodding and subsequent
ack   ing o e soil. A mass concrete protection slab has been provided 
o e cap o e jetting eye to try and reduce damage when excavating down 
1
o               e eye.         ls> owever, relatively easy to ° ne ° e J.eV'*n£ access tube. 
tho  Y ^nn^t^eS compris*n£ the access tube, 
■      , rpnn i r<=    lo”
pie ce are ma
quick repairs to the jotting eyes.
.          de up as spares
repair the jetting eye as most
It is recommended that spare
collector pipe connection and
and stored ready for easy and
c:\nscrdir\oandi\opcrAtio.nn
265.3.3 End Pipes
Jetting  from the open  end  of lateral drains provides an  opportunity  to  observe the end  pipes for sign  of iron  deposits.  These end  pipes are in  relatively oxygen  rich  surroundings,  which  are ideal conditions for iron  deposits.  In comparing  any  iron  deposits on  a particular end  pipe with  the amount of deposition  on  other end  pipes,  some comparison  of iron  ochre deposition  can be made with the free flowing characteristics of drains.
5.4 Bush Clearance
The abandonment of cultivated  land  has caused  rapid  growth  of bushes and  trees over previously  cultivated  areas.  The sub-surface drains installed  in  these areas are in  some places endangered  by  the growth  of bush  close to  the lines of the drains allowing their roots to penetrate and block the drains.
The   lines   of   these   drains   should   be   walked   at   least   twice   a   year   to   ascertain the growth of bush along them.
In  some areas the bush  grows remarkable quickly  and  should  be controlled before reaching  one metre in  height.  It is necessary  to  control bush  growth in  a strip  some 5  - 10m in  width  depending  on  the size of trees in  the area close to this strip.
This can be done in a number of ways:
1)        hand clearing - cheap but regeneration quickly occurs;
2)        mechanical clearing by bulldozer, although without using specialised root ploughs, regeneration would occur;
3)        ring barking of larger trees - hopefully there will few large trees close to drain lines;
4)        using chemicals such as TDK that kill woody material. This is expensive and probably not available locally;
5)
6)
chemicals    such    as    glyphosate    which    kills    green    deciduous    material    but is not suitable for conifers or larger woody material;
cutting      small      soft      vegetation the PCC maintenance yard.
by discing or using the
flail mower       in
It is
drain
es   ima   e   at   a   length   of   some   300   000   metres   of   lateral   and   collector
f     lsusceP     1       e       to     blockage     by     bush     roots.     This     represents     some     225     ha
the PCC iispq
USh growt^ to be controlled. It is recommended that
11 tor drflin \ °Zer tO pass down striP  of land over lateral and 
s
i" these strips. Once the to ke CP ° minor &rowth, the strips could be disc harrowed twice
d regeneratiOn of the bush ™der
problem 1S only 
PCC would be the State Farms to do this work. The
fields    and    return    th..    »■    d      11       cease    once    State    Farms    take    over    cleared 
working days to cover the sYri^Vf"! d^ strip with three passes of the machine °VeF
b lld  Zer
,°
4°
" S’ ri"g * " Hlde
c.\iBtrdi r\oindi\opcraUo. un
27It   would   be   expected   that   some   10   ha   of   land   could   be   disced   per   day,   and requires 23 working days to complete the full 225 ha.
Once roots from trees and  shrubs enter the drains,  they  are dxfficult to eradicate.  If the bushes or trees can  be completely  killed,  the dead  roots may  be broken  off by  the use of a drain  cleaning  machine.  One possible way to  kill tree roots in  drains is to  inject copper sulphate into  the drain  pipe at a manhole or via an  end  pipe.  The copper sulphate will not,  however,  stop new growth,  so  the treatment will have to  be made annually.  The best time to carry  out the treatment should  be at the beginning  of the vigorous growing season.
5.5      Maintenance Equipment
The   maintenance   of   the   sub-surface   drains   in   the   Melka   Sadi   and   Amibara   areas could be easily accomplished by two drain flushing gangs and one repair gang.
Each of the two drain flushing gangs would comprise:-
Plant
Labour
1 Drain Flushing 
Machine
2 labourers
1 Water Tanker
1 driver
1 Tractor
The drain repair gang would comprise:-
1  wheeled Loadrr/Backhoe
1 foreman/driver
2 labourer
s
The
Suppl
y 
Contr
act
ADP/T/0
3/90 
has
suppli
ed 
the
following 
new
e
quipment
to 
the
PCC
w
hich 
is
sufficient
to 
carry 
out
the
ma
intenance
of
the
sub-sur
face
drainage pipelines:
4 Magnet detectors for locating jetting eyes;
2  Steenbergen L-90 super high pressure drain cleaners, plus spares;
2 Steenbergen WT-6000 Water Tank Trailers, plus spares;
1 Benfra 4.11E Wheeled Loader Backhoe; complete with 1 X lcu.m bucket,
1 X 305mm trencher bucket, 1 X 610mm trencher bucket and 1 X 1200mm
ditch cleaning bucket.
The operation  and  maintenance manuals and  spares lists for the L-90  drain cleaner and  the WT  6000  water tank  trailer are included  as Appendix  5  of the manual.
In  addition  the two  85KW tractors supplied  under Contract Nr.  ADP/T/01/90  and used  for hauling  gravel carts to  feed  the trenching  machines could  be used  for drain  flushing.  These tractors,  complete with  spare parts have now been handed to the PCC.
The provision  of only  a single tractor to  each  drain  cleaning  gang  requires some planning  to  carry  out the procedure efficiently.  The sequence of operations could be:
1)           The   tractor   tows   the   water   tanker   to   the   water   source,   normally   a   canal or drain close to the drain cleaning operations. The water tanker has
c:\iserdir\otndi\operalio.ian
28a    vacuum    pump    on    it,    powered    from    the    tractor    P.T.O    which    can    fill    the tanker     in     6     minutes.     The     tractor     then     tows     the     tanker     to     the     first drain that is to be cleaned;
2)         The tractor unhitches and goes nnd fetches the drain cleaning machine;
3)               The      drain      cleaning      machine      proceeds      with      the      cleaning      operations, pumping water out of the tanker;
4)               On      the      completion      of      the      drain      cleaning,      the      tractor      moves      both machines to the next site;
5)              The     tanker     would     probably     hold     sufficient     water     to     clean     at     least     two drains.       The       tanker       driver       should       estimate       when       the       tanker       contains insufficient      water      to      clean      the      next      drain.      At      this      point      the      tanker should refill when it is next moved to a new drain.
This system is rather cumbersome.  The major downtime is moving  both  machines with  only  one tractor from the PCC yard  to  the site at the beginning  and  end of the working  day,  particularly  when  working  far from the yard.  The solution to  avoid  this downtime is either to  try  to  employ  two  additional tractors,  say from the land  levelling  operations during  the irrigation  season  when  they  are not working  on  land  levelling  or to  leave the tankers in  the field  overnight with  a guard.  Operational expense will discover the most efficient alternative or combination of alternative methods.
It is expected  that the three crews would  be supervised  by  a single foreman with  two  labourers to  operate each  flushing  machine,  one labourer with  the backhoe to  open  the manhole and  clean  it out and  one labourer to  repair the broken pipes.
It is conservatively estimated that about 1600m of pipe (4 laterals) could be
handled per day or some 32km per month allowing for downtime. Hence the total
length of buried drains of 1010km could covered in five years, allowing the
machines to operate for about six to seven months per year.
5.6       Maintenance Dy The Project Control Centre
The     existing     Project     Control     Centre     is     divided     into     two     main     departments;     the Water Management Unit and the Operations and Maintenance Unit.
The total number of staff are some 250 permanent and some 100 temporary staff. T lere are our engineers in each of the two units. Some one hundred of the
total permanent complement are watchmen.
The provision of an additional engineer and the foremen, 2 labourers and 2 rivers >o work in the existing operations and maintenance section of the PCC
should be adequate to carry out the necessary maintenance works.
c:\userdir\oaadi\operatio.ian
296.          Maintenance Work For Surface Drainage Syste. 6.1 Introduction
The maintenance of reported previously Project.
the     surface     drainage     system     is     the     same     in     character     as in the 1984 maintenance manual for the Aroibara Irrigation
However,  the scope of the maintenance work  has changed  in  nature and  requires additional equipment,  due in  the first place to  the increased  length  of drains to  be maintained,  and  secondly  to  the greater depth  and  wider cross sectional area of the drains.  In  particular,  the size of the drains requires the use of long  reach  excavators.  Because of the problem of desilting  open  drains the maximum depth  has been  fixed  at 3.5m.  For drains greater than  that a berm has been  incorporated  into  the drain  sides a 3.5m depth  in  the first place for ease of maintenance and secondly for stability of the side slopes.
Figure     3     illustrates     the     relative     sizes     of     drains     prior     to     deepening     and     after deepening for the ’with berm’ and 'without berm’ situation.
Maintenance of the open  drainage system will be carried  out using  existing  PCC equipment supplemented  by  additional equipment provided  through  separate supply contracts.
6.2         Scope  Of  The  Work 
6.2.1 Main Drain MD1
The design  of Amibara Drainage Phase I does not cover the whole of the Amibara Irrigation  Project.  In  particular,  drain  MD1  downstream of the primary  canal cross drainage culvert MDXCI/4  will require deepening  during  Phase II,  and  the existing  culvert will be replaced  by  a deeper alternative.  This means that the existing  culvert which  has not yet been  replaced  is higher than  the bed level upstream by  approximately  0.90  metres.  It is estimated  that drain  MD2 for a distance of about 3  km upstream will be particularly  prone to  siltation unti Phase II is constructed.  It will therefore require particular maintenance at tent ion  and  it is recommended  that bed  level surveys are carried 
ou
, 
a           Slx            basis        in        the        first        instance        to        confirm        the        level        of
Zi       a         a          <?ccu’*I‘in8>       and       to       provide       guidance      for      PCC      management,      on the need for additional maintenance.
MDXcV/V     \nd     Vhr>S,i°Uld be
MDXCI/4 and the downstream pitching at culvert MDCI/3.
t
carriefl        ouL        between     the     upstream     pitching     at     culvert
Standing water in this area
checking and maintenance di icult To -M
.       •     • -
ev" . 
... v ..
3" pump delivering 75 cubic met
res n h
/  V , 7" * 
P
*
supply contract, to remove stand situation where stand"fo ^Ve.ove^
Supplled under a sePa™te
c.\userdi r \o*ndi\opcrii io. un
30Figure 3
Oldtw
(J New ID*
1
_ 
t|!
______________ 7
\ I >>■'
I
NwBidUwl
L3 
------•------------------
II
TYPICAL SECTION THROUGH SD5
typical drain sections
:'uitrdir’nport fgmim xirw6.2.2   Siltation
Table   2   gives   the   lengths   of   deep   open   drains   in   the   Melka   Sadi   and   A-ibara areas as follows.
Melka Sadi =
Amibara
=
Total
25.54 km
24.70 km
50.24 km
The    estimated    quantity    of    silt    which will
(
be    deposited    annually    is    1.5    cubic
metres per metre run of drain (SWHP) .
The total annual volume of silt to  be removed  from the deep  open  drains is 75360  cubic metres.  This is a small amount of material and  it will either be deposited  adjacent to  the existing  drain  and  sprend  out,  or carted  away  to spoil in  tipper trucks.  The removal of the material should  be carried  out in the irrigation  off season  between  December and  April (approximately  a five month  period).  Recommended  areas for disposal of silt from drains are given in section 6.2.3 of the manual.
In  the areas where spoil will be deposited  adjacent to  drains,  this will later be spread  by  bulldozer and  there is no  requirement to  use tipper trucks. However,  where spoil is to  be deposited  away  from the drain  by  using  trucks this will require the use of only  one excavator.  It is strongly  recommended, in  order to  keep  efficiencies high  and  cost low,  that all three tipper trucks are assigned  to  the one excavator being  used,  i.e the aaintenance unit is one excavator plus three trucks.
The following  outputs are estimated.  Based  on  an  hourly  output of 60  cubic metres for one excavator using  the 2  metre wide desilting  bucket,  assuming  75 percent efficiency,  an  eight hour working  day  and  a 24  day  month,  the total amount of silt removed  from the drains by  one excavator in  a month  will be 8640 cubic metres.
To  remove the total annual silt deposit of 75360  cubic metres will require two machines for a period  of approximately  4.5  months each.  This should  be reviewed  based  on  operational experience and  once a more definite assessment of the amount of silt deposited yearly has been ascertained.
6.2.3    Spoil Disposal
Tables 11 and 12 gives summary recommendations for spoil disposal for Melka a i an mj ara respectively with approximate chainages for each drain, the
disposal method and area in which material should be disposed.
1     Sir William Halcrow and
Partners, Master Drainage Plan Annex 7
:\userdi r\oana«\operalio. mn
32Table 11
Spoil Disposal Areas Melka Sadi
Drain
Chainagc
Method
Area of Disposal
MD1
0 to 3+800, LHS
Truck
MD1, LHS, 3+800 to end
0 to 3+800, RHS
Dozer
Adjacent to drain
3+800 to MDXCI/4
Dozer
Adjacent to drain LHS
SD2
2+940(SDD2/1) to 5+215 (SDC2/1)
Dozer
Between  drain  SD2,  RHS
and canal SD3
SD3
8+00 (SDD3/1)to 3+200 (MD1)
Dozer
Adjacent to drain, RHS
SD8
0+00 (SDD8/1) to 3+528(SDD9)
Truck
3+528 to 4+500
Truck
4+500 to MD1 (5+500)
Dozer
SD9
0, (SDD9/1) to 0+500
Truck
0+500 to SD8 (4+500)
Dozer
Western dyke
SD8, RH5, Ch4+5OO toMDl Drain RHS
Drain IHS,chO+500 to end Drain LHS
Drain Chainage
SD4/ 0+00 SDD4/1) to SD6 2+500 (SDC4/2/1)
Table 12 Spoil Disposal Areas Aaibara
Method Truck
2+500 to 5+600 (SDXC4/4)
5+600 to 8+500
8+500 to l2+000(end)
SD4/2 0+00 to 7+00 (SDXC 7/3)
SD7 0+00 to 4+000 (SDC7/4)
4+000 to 7+700 (SDXC7/8) 7+700  to  10+700  (SDC  7/10) 10+700 to 11+200 (SD5)
Dozer
Truck
Truck
Dozer
Dozer
Truck
Truck
Truck
SD5 11+200 to 14+400
Dozer 33
Area of Disposal
Drain LHS, ch 0 to 1+000 Adjacent to drain LHS Adjacent         to         feeder road    crossing    drain    at SDXC4/4
RHS of drain  at ch 12+000,  between  drain and MD1
Adjacent to  drain  (may change once the area is bush  cleared  and reclaimed)
Adjacent to drain 
Between SDC 7/5 and SDXC 7/6, drain RHS Western dyke
Abandoned  area behind satellite village near SDD 5/1
Adjacent to drain
c:\uierair\oandi\operatio.BaiE'dX“ IS
.     th       of     drain     for     material     which     will     be     disposed     yearly o„ the disposal reeo..e„d.lions given „e:
truck (23 km) dozer (27 km)
Therefore    approximately    half    of    the    yearly    75    360    cubic    metres    of    material i.e. 37000 cubic metres approximately will have to be carted
Based   on   an   estimatte.—   d    7 .     cubic    metres    per    truck    and    utilising    3    trucks,    this
is about 1760 journeys accomplished within the 4 6.2.2.
6.2.4    Surface Drains
per      truck      per      season.      This      could      easily      be to 5 month maintenance period proposed in section
There    are    a    number    of    new    surface    drains    comprising    field    drains    up    to    0.6 metres deep and tertiary drains up to 1.0 metres deep.
Maintenance of these will remain  the responsibility  of the State Farms.  This will be carried  out by  traditional hand  labour and  small tools to  remove annual weed  growth.  A budget should  be allocated  for State Farms to  carry  out this additional work.
6.3 Maintenance Equipment Supplied
Through    supply    contract    ADP/T/03/90    the    following    equipment    was    provided    for the additional maintenance of the surface drainage system.
1 NQ Crawler Hydraulic Excavator, model Benfra 9.06 special
The    excavator    was    provided    with    the    following    attachments,    specially    provided for maintenance of deep open ditches.
three piece boom with a maximum 14 metre outreach 
standard excavating bucket, 0.6 cu.m
orientable ditch cleaning bucket, 2.0 m wide
weed cutter, 4.0 m wide
In    addition,    further    equipment    will    be    provided    to    the    PCC    in    the    immediate future comprising:
2 Nr CAT hydraulic excavators with 17m reach; 2 Nr D7 CAT bulldozers
It had  been  intended  that 3  Volvo  Dump  Trucks of 7  cubic metre
would also be provided through contract ADP/T/03/90.
failed to materialise. However, the PCC
?         . 
,   Paci y trucks through another source. It is recommended that
ca
irrlgation.
arC USed f  r drain s   oil
°        P   disposal during 
capacity each
have received ^ason for
c:\uierdir\oandi\optratio.iiin
341
I
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
■
iR
iR
*
*
R*
j
'■7.           Drawj ngs
"As built" or construction drawings were prepared in detail during construction for both the surface and subsurface drainage.  A reduced size copy  of each of the relevant drawings is included with this report for reference as Appendix 4. A list of drawings is also given in Appendix 4.
The drawings supplied with this report are not the full complement of drawings produced and relate mainly  to  the subsurface drainage.  Three full size prints of all the drawings will be supplied to  PCC by  ADP on their completion.  The master negatives for the full size prints are held at the Ministry  of Water Resources Design Centre, Addis Ababa.
c.\userdir\oa«ai\operitio.m
35APPENDIX 1 Checking Pipe System?
\iserdLr\oiQdi\operiliOianappendix 1
Checking Pipe Systeas
flow path by means of piezometers.
Figure      4      shows      four      common      cases,      with      the      levels      of      water      in      a      series      of installed piezometers.
Case 1  shows impeded infiltration or percolation of the soil,  which is usually evident by  water ponded on the surface or by  the occurrence of a  perched watertable at some depth.  Where the flow impedance is due to  a  hardpan layer, ripping  may  solve the problem.  Often the causes of impeded infiltration is soil compaction, e.g. due to field traffic under wet conditions.
Case 2  shows a  high resistance in the groundwater flow towards the drain usually  due to  the hydraulic conductivity  of the soil being  lower than was predicted,  or the impermeable layer occurring  higher than expected.  The appropriate remedial measure is the installation of additional drains.
Case       3       shows       high       entry       resistance       where       the       drain       envelop       has       become clogged. Not much can be done other than installing new drains.
Case 4 shows obstructed pipe flow due to:-
1)
too high a watertable in the collector or open
drain. This can
be
corrected by cleaning the collector or desilting 
the open drain.
2)
misalignment of pipes due to poor installation
or damage. Can
be
corrected by repairing the line.
c.\userai r'\oandi\operit io. i&nFigure 4
c:\userdir\report.fig\piezoLdrw
Source: Land Drainage, Smedena and Rycroftfc
t
M
1
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
J
J
IAPPENDIX 2
Drain Clogging By Iron Ochre
:\userdir\oaadi\operilio.lanAPPENDIX 2
Drain Clogging By Iron Ochre
This problem is to  be expected when soils which contain iron su phates are drained for the first time.  Typical soils so  affected are lowland peats, recently  reclaimed marine soils and soils derived from iron pyrite bearing rocks.  Virtually  all soils contain appreciable quantities of iron.  Generally in a  well drained,  aerated soil it occurs as water-insoluble ferric oxide (Fe.O.) which remains dispersed and immobile in the soil profile,  causing  no problems.  However,  in some badly  drained soils the iron occurs as iron sulphide (FeS.) which is oxidised when the soil is drained to  form the water solvable ferrous sulphate FESO^) and sulphuric acid (HgSOj).
2Fe2Sg f 70g + 2HgO -* 2FeS0  + 2I« SO
<24
The ferrous sulphate is unstable at near neutral or alkaline conditions (pH6.5 or above) such as exist in calcareous soils and it soon oxidises further to insolvable ferric oxide.  The orange staining  which results is normally observed as localised mottling,  well distributed throughout the soil.  If a lot of iron sulphide is present,  the sulphuric acid produced lowers the pH and stabilises the solvable ferrous sulphate which then seeps in solution to  the drains.  At low pH (<4.5) certain acidophilic soils bacteria  catalyse the oxidation of iron sulphide which then accelerates the production of solvable ferrous sulphate in a  self promoting  cycle.  The solvable ferrous sulphate is liable to  oxidise to  insolvable ferric hydroxide Fe(OH)j either by  direct contact with atmospheric oxygen or by  bacterial action,  the latter resulting in the formation of slimy  filamentatious deposits in and around the drain. The insolvable ferric hydroxide eventually  turns into  the more stable ferric oxide either by  drying  or ageing.  The severity  of the problem varies with the Ph of the groundwater and its divalent iron content and is most acute in low pH,  Fe rich conditions.  At Amibara  the soils have a  high pH (around 7.5) which means the risk of iron ochre is slight.
In extreme cases,  the
rapidly.
pipe and envelope can become
totally clogged
very
The        available        evidence        indicates        that        the        leaching        of
rate some two or three j---------------------
iron rises to a ip __2.      eak
years after the installation of drains, falling off
until eventually it ceases to present''problems.' Th. 
Amibara Drainage Project is that only one trace of a fi1imentation material
* aS f°Und in thp Drainage Pilot Area and the likelihood
. The current evidenllcUeB f1 Lromne    the
deposition can be cleared by flushing.
.          . ' . 
? r°m lron oc*’re will not be a serious problem and any minor
c:\uscra i r\oandi\operatio.mAPPENDIX 3
Sample Fora Mil
c:\u8erair\oandi\operatio.ianAPPENDIX 3
Sample Fora Mil
PROJECT CONTROL CENTRE - OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE UNIT SUB-SURFACE DRAINAGE WORKS
ROUTINE REPORT/1 NCI DENTAL NOTIFICATION OF WORK REQUIRED INSPECTION BY:
(Signature)
FORM SIGNED STRUCTURE SUPERVISOR/ DRAIN CLEANING SUPERVISOR
(Signature)
(Position)
WORK REQUIRED APPROVED BY 0 A M ENGINEERS
(Signature)
WORK REQUIRED:                                                      LOCATION AND NATURE:
Components:
Collector/Lateral Drain Outfall
Concrete work
Rip-Rap
Pipe work
Earth works
Sub-surface Drains
Buried Pipe
Manholes
Jetting Eyes
Notes
Is the sub-surface drain flowing
WORK COMPLETED AND FORM MIO ATTACHED STRUCTURES/DRAIN CLEANING SUPERVISOR
(Signature)
WORK APPROVED AND COSTED BY 0 4 M ENGINEER
(Signature)
(Date/Time)
(Date/Time)
(Date/Time)
(Date)
(Date)
c;\userdLr\oand«\operatio.ianAPPENDIX 4
As Constructed Drawings
.\userdi r\o»n(1i\operilio. iaoAs Boitt Record Drawings, General Layouts And Schedules Drawing Title
Surface Drainage Me Ik a Sadi Area
Amibara Project Area General Arrangement Surface Drainage
Mclka Sadi Project Area General Arrangement Sub Surface Drainage Mclka Sadi Project Area General Arrangement
Amibara Project Area General Arrangement Sub Surface Drainage Amibara Project Area General Arrangement
Surface A Sub-Surface Drainage Schedule Mclka Sadi Area
Continuation of drawing 12
Surface Drainage General Arrangement Schedule
Surface A Sub-»urfacc Drainage Schedule Amibara Area
Snb-Sarface Drainage Mclka Sadi Drawing Title
Sub-Surface Drainage Block 1
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block 1A
Sub-Surface Drainage Block 2
Sub-Surface Drainage Block 3
Sub-Surface Drainage Block 3A
Sub-Surface Drainage Block 4
Sub-Surface Drainage Block 5
Sub-Surface Drainage Block 6
Sub-Surface Drainage Block 7
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block 8
Sub-Surface Drainage Block 9
Sub-Surface Drainage Area 10
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block 11
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block 12
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block 13
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block 14
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block 15
Sub-Surface Drainage Mclka Sadi Banana Unit Drawing Title
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block Bl
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block B2
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block B3
Sub-Surface Dramagc Layout Block B4
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block B5
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block B6
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block B7
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block B8
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Block B9
Sab-Sarface Draiaagc Amibara Drawing Title
Sub-Surface Drainage Layout 1AR
Block Mclka Werer No 1
Amibara Settlement Project
Aicgeta Farm Sub-Surface Drainage Layout Mclka Werer Block 2
Drawing Nam her
4
5
6
6A
7
7A
12
12 cont’d 12B
13
Drawing Number
SSD 1 SSD1A
SSD 2
SSD 3
ADP/V115
SSD  4
SSD  5
SSD  6
SSD 7
SSD  8
SSD  9
SSD  10
SSD  11
SSD  12
SSD  13
SSD  14
SSD 15
Drawing Nnmber
SSD Bl SSDB2 SSD B3 SSDB4 SSDB5 SSDB6
SSD B7
ADP/UA116
ADP/VA118
Drawing Nnmber
SSD AMI
SSD AM2
ADP/V105
ADP/1/110
ASP/V111
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WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY AMI BARA DRAINAGE PROJECT-STAGE 1
SUB- SURFACE DRAINAGE LAYOUT
BLOCK 13
Drawng N* SSD 13
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Designed Dy NHF
Chcked by AJP
Drawn by TH
Date July 1993I
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BLOCK U
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SUB- SURFACE DRAINAGE LAYOUT
BLOCK 15
Drawing N« SSD 15
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Designed by NHF
ft AJP
Drawn by TH
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SUB-SURFACE DRAINAGE LAYOUT BLOCK B3
Drawing N* SSD B3
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Date July 199 3Te Mmm paclonf ataHw
WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
AM BARA DRAINAGE PROJECT - STAG E 1
SUB-SURFACE DRAINAGE LAYOUT
BLOCK B7
Drawing N* SSD B7
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SUB- surface drainage layout
BLOCK B8
Drawing N* ADP/1/AT16
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1APPENDIX 5 Operation And Maintenance Manuals
And Spare Parts Lists For:
L90 Super Drain Cleaning Machine
- WT 6000 Water Tank Trailer
c:\use rd i r\oandi\opcralio.Spare parts
*
Type
L 90 SUPER
Serial             DS68
Prod. Year 1992
Chassis nr. HD2689 AND HD2690
Motor nr.
i
Steenbergen Hollanddrain B.V.
Ftyksstraatweg 100
Postbus 7011
3286 ZG Klaaswaal Holland
Tel. .(0)1864-1000
Fax  (0)1864-1602
Telex 24653 steka ni
STEENBERGEN
HOLLANDDRAIN• i -
Spare parts
Type               L 90 SUPER
Serial             DS68
Prod. Year    1992
Chassis nr. HD2689 AND HD2690
Motor nr.
Steenbergen Hollanddrain B.V.
Rijksstraatweg 100
Postbus 7011
3286 ZG Klaaswaai Holland
Tei. ; (0)1864 - 1000 Fax  (0)1864 - 1602 Telex 24653 steka ni
I 5®? STEENBERGEN-
I HOLLANDDRAINI
/     sAt     BTBBNBKBOBM     I
BOIXAMPPHAIM
/
L90 SUPERSPARE PARTS BOOK
MACHINETYPE : L 90 SUPER
PRODUCTION YEAR: 1992
DESTINATION : ETHIOPIE
CUSTOMER NUMBER: 118232
NAME : WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT P.O. BOX 5673
ADDIS ABABA
ETHIOPIA
BWGRP DESCRIPTION
PAGE 1
CHASSISNUMBER SERIALNUMBER DELIVERY  DATE
WEIGHT
AUTHORITY
: HD 2689
: DS68
: 4.12.1992 : 1.250 KG
0010
0070
CHASSIS
0331
WHEEL AXLE
0840
P.T.O. SHAFT
1400
REEL DRIVE
1410 SUCTION SYSTEM
WATER PUMP
3000
1420
PRESS SYSTEM
3640
REEL
5040
HOSE ROLLER + WINCH
TOOLS
QTY               COMPONENT
1                    01.3.6204.00A03
1                    G1805A01
1                    105086.NOO7O5AO1
1                    16.3.6012.00A02
1                    29.3.0912.00A01
1                    29.3.6007.00A03
1                    29.3.6011.00A21
1                    34.3.6005.00A01
1                    34.3.6012.00A02
1                    50.3.0002.00A09SPARE PARTS BOOK
MACHINETYPE : L 90 SUPER PRODUCTION YEAR: 1992 DESTINATION : ETHIOPIE CUSTOMER NUMBER: 118232
PAGE 1
NAME : WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY P.O. BOX 5673
ADDIS ABABA
ETHIOPIA
CHASSISNUMBER
SERIALNUMBER
DELIVERY DATE
WEIGHT
: HD 2690
: DS68
: 4.12.1992 : 1.250 KG
BWGRP 0010
0070
DESCRIPTION
CHASSIS
QTY
1
0331
WHEEL AXLE
P.T.O. SHAFT
1
0840
1400
1410
1420
3000
3640
5040
REEL DRIVE
1
WATER PUMP
1
SUCTION SYSTEM
1
PRESS SYSTEM
1
REEL
1
HOSE  ROLLER  +  WINCH
1
TOOLS
1
1
COMPONENT
01.3.6204.00A03
G1805A01
105086.N00705A01
16.3.6012.00A02
29.3.0912.00A01
29.3.6007.00A03
29.3.6011.00A21
34.3.6005.00A01
34.3.6012.00A02
50.3.0002.00A09holxamddrahv
BGR. • 0010
NR. : 01.3.6204.00A03
16      19CHASSIS
L
STEENBEROEN hollanddratn
BGR. : 00IO
NR. : O1.3.62O4.OOAO3
ITEM                 QUANTITY               PARTNUMBER
500                    1 14               1
31
16         1
17         1
19        1
20         1
21         1
15               1
22                1
23                1
26               8
27               8
28               8
29               4
30               4
31               4
32                1
01.3.6204.00
01.2.6204.14
1313.160060
1313.120120 0211.120
19.2.4167.10
6987.040
0211.160
01.2.6206.15
19.2.4167.09
6987.030
1313.120040
0011.120
6189.120
1213.160040
0011.160
6189.160
P093
501
1
description
CHASSIS
TOW BAR
HEXAGON BOLT HEXAGON BOLT
NUT WITH NYLON RING PIN
LOCKING PIN
NUT WITH NYLON RING STAND
PIN
LOCKING PIN HEXAGON BOLT HEXAGONAL NUT SPRING WASHER HEXAGON SCREW HEXAGONAL NUT
RING
TENSION SPRING
YORK 5"
502
8
BENCH VICE
503
1213.100040
10
HEXAGON SCREW
6189.100
504
10
RING
0011.100
505
0,33 M
3512.140
HEXAGONAL NUT
506
6
0011.140
THREADED-ROD
507
3
5389.140
HEXAGONAL NUT
508
0,125 M
5MM.X30MM.
FLAT WASHER
509
1
34.2.6010.02
PRESSURE SPRING
510
2
1313.100100
PROTECTION CAP
511
1
512
34.2.6010.03
HEXAGON BOLT
2
1313.120060
HOSE HOLDER
513
2
SY25TF
514
4
5389.100
HEXAGON BOLT BEARING HOUSING
515
2
0011.120
FLAT WASHER
516
1
34.2.6013.01
HEXAGONAL NUT
517
2
6189.120
GUIDE ROLL
SPRING WASHER501WHEEL AXLE
A          ,          STEENBERGEN /             HOLLANDDRAIN
BGR. : 0070 NR. : G18O5AO1
ITEM
QUANTITY
PARTNUMBER
description
500
1
G18O5
AXLE
901
1
700201200602
AXLE
904
2
700302160603
HUB
905
10
650300123204
WHEEL BOLT
906
10
900002010009
WHEEL NUT
907
2
500300133104
CAP
909
2
9OOOC259OOO9
CASTELLATED NUT
910
2
900002600009
BEARING
911
2
900002620009
BEARING
912
2
650300133204
OIL SEAL
913
2
650300083204
OIL SEAL
915
4
700301460604
BRAKE LIHING
916
4‘
700304060602
WHEEL CHOCK
917
4
700301510604
SPRING
918
1
700302230601
BRAKE ROD
919
1
700302230602
BRAKE ROD
920
2
700301520604
921
LEVER
2
700301800604
922
TOOTHED DISC
2
900002730009
923
2
WAVE WASHER SPRING
900002720009
924
NUT
2
700301500604
501
2
BRACKET
10X15
901
1
TYRE COMPL.
10X15 15”
902
RIM
1
10X15BUB
903
1
OUTER COVER
10X15519
INNER TUBE*P.T.O.SHAFT
BGR. : 0331
NR. : 105086.NOO7O5AO1
ITEM
QUANTITY
PARTNUMBER
DESCRIPTION
500
1
105086.N00705600
UNIVERSAL DRIVE SHAFT
901
1
920.505.050.351
FORK 1 3/8"
902
2
41205
UNIVERSAL JOINT
903
1
204.056.860
FORK
904
1
204.056.861
FORK
905
1
920.212.056.451
FORK
906
1
920.125.103.000
PROFILE PIPE
907
1
920.125.093.000
PROFILE PIPE
908
1
920.005.N05.086
PROTECTION PIPE CPT.ZOVOO ZL09 £ 91 ; HN O’rSO '■ HD0
*■ *REEL DRIVE
steenbergen hollanddrain
NR. : 16.3.6012.00A02
ITEM
QUANTITY
PARTNUMBER
DESCRIPTION
1
1
16.2.6012.01
TENSION DEVICE
2
1
491.350
ROLLER
2
1
16.2.6012.02
CONNECTION SUPPORT
3
1
16.2.6010.02
DRIVE SHAFT
8
1
16.2.0824.16
V-BELT BRACKET
9
1
15.2.0109.03
SPROCKET WHEEL
10
1
29.2.1201.31
V-BELT PULLEY
11
1
29.2.1201.41
V-BELT PULLEY
12
1
16.2.6012.03
RUBBER RING
13
1
845
V-BELT
14
1,85 M
180538
ROLLER CHAIN
15
1
130538.9
16
CHAIN-CONNECT LINK
1
180538.12
17
REDUCING LINK
2
SY25TF
18
BEARING HOUSING
2
7688.0807050
19
KEY
4
20
2716.080025
2
HEX.SOCKET SET SCREW
25
1213.100040
4
HEXAGON SCREW
26
1213.100035
4
HEXAGON SCREW
5389.100
27
4
FLAT WASHER
6189.100
29
2
RING
0011.120
30
1
HEXAGONAL NUT
31
1313.120055
2
HEXAGON BOLT
1313.160060
35
4
0011.100
HEXAGON BOLT
HEXAGONAL NUTST»
BGR.  : 1400 (PAGE 1) NP ?9 3.091? 00A01
502
912507WATER PUMP
f    ,-JBVs    STEENBBRGEN    / I             HOLLACTDRAIN I
8GR. : UOO
NR. : 29.3 - 0912.OOAO1
ITEM
QUANTITY
PARTNUMBER
DESCRIPTION
500
1
29.3.0912.00
high PRESSURE PUMP
901
1
9.600.005
CRANK CASE
902
1
9.544.050
GA SI ET
903
1
9.602.003
CRANK CASE COVER
904
20
1213.030030
HEXAGON SCREW
905
1
9.607.506
CRANK
906
2
9.542.055
CYLINDRICAL BEARING
907
1
9.602.406
BEARING HOUSING
908
2
9.544.176
GASKET
909
1
9.602.412
BEARING HOUSING
910
1
20X40X10
OIL SEAL
911
8
1213.100030
HEXAGON SCREW
912
1
1213.120040
HEXAGON SCREW
913
1
0011.120
HEXAGONAL NUT
914
1
9.622.602
DRIVESHAFT
915
2
9.542.042
CYLINDRICAL BEARING
916
2
9.602.203
COVER PLATE
917
2
40X65X12
OIL SEAL
918
8
1213.080025
HEXAGON SCREW
919
3
9.605.002
THRUST ROD COMPL.
920
6
9.538.087
STUD
921
6
9.540.512
SAFETY RING
922
6
9.539.050
NUT
923
3
9.622.402
PISTON PIN
924
3
9.556.030
SPIROL PIN
925
3
9.610.007
PISTON ROD COMPL.
926
6
9.623.206
927
SPACER
3
9.604.069
928
6
BUSH HOLDER
9.549.082
929
3
SEAL
9.539.516RVS
NUT
930
2
9.538.233
STUD
931
6
9.538.240
STUD
932
3
9.544.110
GASKET
933
3
9.602.602
934
3
30X47X10
OIL SEAL HOUSE
935
3
7286.047
OIL SEAL
CIRCLIP
936
3
9.611.072
937
6
9.546.234
CYLINDER
938
1
O-RING
9.601.006.100
939
8
9.538.150
VAuVE HOUSING
STUD
940
2
9.544.608
GASKET
941
1
9.602.212
END PLATE
942
6
9.612.007
943
6
9.558.990
VALVE SEAT
BAuL
944
3
0R54.5X3
O-RING
945
3
9.6O2.8O9RVS
COVER
946
2
9.6O2.81ORVS
947
1
9.6O2.8O3RVS
CIlINDER cover
CIL1NDER COVER
948
2
9.606.010
TOGGLE
949
1
9.606.012
TOGGLEWATER PUMP
8TEENBERGEN HOLLANDDRAIN
: 1400
: 29.3.0912.00A01
ITEM
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
508
509
QUANTITY
1
1
2
6
3
14
1
14
2
1
1
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
PARTNUMBER
DESCRIPTION
9.555.534
9.552.548
9.552.568
9.538.159
FILLING CAP
DRAIN PLUG
9.606.007
0010.200
PLUG
STUD
TOGGLE
9.552.044
HEXAGONAL NUT
0011.160
9.544.121
OIL GAUGE GLAS
HEXAGONAL NUT
e2.09.00
34.2.6010.05
GASKET
PROTECTION CAP
1313.16006S
0011.160
5389.160
6189.160
PROTECTION CAP
HEXAGON BOLT
HEXAGONAL NUT
FLAT WASHER
158OR.RVS
9.621.612
RING
PRESSURE REGULATOR
9.546.229
9.549.031
PRESSURE PLATE
9.611.022
9.616.010
9.549.039
9.546.218
9.612.006
O-RING
SEAL
CYLINDER
PIN
SEAL
O-RING
9.558.989
VALVE SEAT
9.545.518
9.602.811
BALL
PRESSURE SPRING
9.546.126
PLUG
9.545.060
O-RING
9.616.508
PRESSURE SPRING
9.537.107
HEXAGONAL NUT
9.558.801
HEXAGON SCREW
9.614.020
9.608.007
9.540.510
9.535.232
GREASE
RING
CASING
RING
STUD
NIPPLE
0F PRESS.REG.
9.617.007
9.620.515
9.551.547
92.25.25
securing
SHAFTING
circlip
NUT
COLLAR
26.2.1367.02
Elbow
pipeSUCTION SYSTEM
steenbergen HOLLANDDRAIN J
T 1410
: 29.3.6007.00A03
ITEM
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
QUANTITY
PARTNUMBER
DESCRIPTION
1
80305
hose nipple
1
80208
COUPLING
1
29.2.6007.01
SUCTION PIPE
1
80198
COUPLING
1
29.2.6007.02
HOSE CONNECTION
2
SLK.77.95
HOSE CLIP
10 M
ZS.GR.3"
HOSE
1
8343V
ELBOW
2
SLK.32.44
HOSE CLIP
1
FIG.1870 3/8”
NEEDLE VALVE
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
1
R209.13.10
NIPPLE
1
R2O1.13
SOCKET
2
N142.13
HOSE NIPPLE
4.
SLK.15.24
HOSE CLIP
0,5 M
VINYLPLUS 12/13
1
HOSE
29.3.0908.00
0,3 M
AIR RESERVOIR
OBS.1”72
1
OILRESISTANT HOSE
80092
1
THREAD REDUCTION RING
29.3.0918.00
1
SUCTION BASKET
80094
21
22
901
1
80085
THREAD REDUCTION RING
1
3.10.40.00
THREAD REDUCTION RING
1
COUPLING
3.65.00.00
0-R1NGn
I
I
L
STKIKBBBGEN HOLXAJNTDDRAITi
BGR. : U10
______________________ NR, 79 3,6007 00A03
19BGR. : 1420 (PAGE 1) NR  29 3 6011 00A06/A21
;
BGR.3000IjA          HTWIMBKBGKN          / f              HOLLAJTDDHAJJg / BGR. ■■ U20 (PAGE 2)
________  R  29 3.6011 00A06/A21
N:
19
IPRESS SYSTEM
8TEBNBERGEN /
HOLLANDDRAXN /
BGR. : 1420
NR. : 29.3.6O11.OOA21
ITEM
QUANTITY
PARTNUMBER
description
1
1
80040
t-connection
2
1
80205
COUPLING
3
4
80305
hose nipple
4
2
29.2.0806.05
hose coupling ring
5
0,45 M
SAE100R1.1"
HP HOSE
6
1
PP45H
BONDED SEAL
7
1
29.2.0799.01
CLAMP FOR TURN.HEAD
3
2
1313.100100
HEXAGON BOLT
4
2
6189.100
RING
5
2
0011.100
HEXAGONAL NUT
8
1
FIG.1870 1/4”
NEEDLE VALVE
9
1
26.2.1367.03
DELIVERY PIPE
10
1
736.163.031.000
PRESSURE GAUGE
11
1
SLK.32.44
HOSE CLIP
12
1
R131U.19
COUPLING
13
1
N142.19
HOSE NIPPLE
14
1
29.2.O8O6.O2
HOSE COUPLING RING
15
20 M
SAE100R1.3/4”
HP HOSE
16
1
29.2.0814.01
CROSS PIECE
17
2
400914
BALL COCK
18
0,75 M
0BS.l”72
OILRESISTANT HOSE
19
1
29.3.0904.00
TURNABLE HEAD
1
1
29.2.0904.01
3
CASING OF TURNABLE HEAD
1
29.2.0800.03
RING
4
2
29.2.O9O4.O4
5
2
PRESSURE RING
29.2.O8OO.O5
6
1
SHAFTING COLLAR
29.2.0800.06
7
1
LOCKING PIN
29.2.0800.07
8
2
HITCH PIN
N4O.5
9
2
SEAL
7286.065
10
2
CIRCLIP
1222.080020
11
2
HEXAGON SCREW
9873.032.1
20
3
80165
GREASE NIPPLE
25
1
nipple
29.2.0806.02
26
1
29.2.0816.14
HOSE COUPLING RING
27
4
29.2.0806.11
HOSE COUPLING'
28
380 M
508.12
HOSE COUPLING RING
29
1
HOSE
29.2.0816.15
30
2
29.2.C3O6.O1
HOSE COUPLING
31
20 M
WS.16MM.HD30.T
HOSE COUPLING RING
32
1
29.2.0818.01
WATER HOSE
33
1
29.2.0804.01
HOSE COUPLING
EXTRUSION HEAD •STEEMBERGEM HOLLANDDRAIN
BGR. : 3000
NR. : 34.3 6005.00A01REEL
/
J^STEEMBEHGKN
^9? HOLLANDDRATN / BGR. : 3000
/
NR. : 34.3.6005.00A01
ITEM
500
501
502
503
504
505
QUANTITY
PARTNUMBER
DESCRIPTION
1
2
34.3.6OO5.OO
REEL
4
SY55TF
BEARING BLOCK
4
1313.160130
HEXAGON BOLT
4
5389.160
ELAT WASHER
4
6189.160
RING
0011.160
HEXAGONAL NUTBGR. • 3640
NR ; 34,3.6012 00A02
L 90 SUPERHOSE ROLLER+WINCH
L
STEENBERGEN hollajtddrain
BGR. : 3640
NR. : 34.3.6012.00 AO 2
ITEM
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
quantity partnu
mber
DESCRIPTION
1
34.2.6009.06
1
34.2.6009.04
WINCH
HINGE
1
34.2.6009.05
LOCKING PAWL
1
34.2.0035.05
ARM
1
34.2.O835.O6
ADJUSTING BOLT
1
34.2.0835.10
FORK+GUIDE ROLLER
1
34.2.6O12.O7
ROD
2
SY25TF
1213.120035
6189.120
0011.120
BEARING HOUSING
HEXAGON SCREW
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
SPRING WASHER
HEXAGONAL NUT
X 3,3 M
6X36X8 TWK.
STEEL WIRE GALVANIZED
PROF.KOUS 8MM.
GUIDE LOOP
4
KLEM 5/16"
WIRE CLAMP
4
1313.100080
HEXAGON BOLT
4
5389.100
FLAT WASHER
4
6189.100
RING
4
0011.100
HEXAGONAL NUT
1
1313.160120
HEXAGON BOLT
2
0011.160
HEXAGONAL NUT
CM CM CM CM CMBGR. • 5040
NR. : S0.3.0002.00A09
1 (CPT.Jtools
L
STEENBEEGEN HOLLANDDRAIN
BGR. : 5040
7
NR. : 50.3.0002.OOA09
ITEM
quantity partnumeer
DESCRIPTION
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
11                4 13                 1 14                 1
1 4 1 1 1 1 1
10                        1
11                        1
12                       1
13                        1
14
15                        1
1 SE
33.2.0814.00 1349.191064 0042.127 1350.127076 115.20.05.001 3806.24T. 301.10.11.013
600.10
600.13
600.17
600.19
600.24
304.10.89.007 303.90.10.011 303.90.10.005 2100.7R 585010024
HOSE PINCING DEVICE HEXAGON BOLT
HEXAGONAL NUT
HEXAGON BOLT
SAW FRAME
SAW BLADE
BENCH HAMMER
OPEN    ENDED-RING    SPANNER OPEN    ENDED-RING    SPANNER OPEN    ENDED-RING    SPANNER OPEN    ENDED-RING    SPANNER OPEN    ENDED-RING    SPANNER ADJUSTABLE PLIERS ADJUSTABLE WRENCH 15” ADJUSTABLE    WRENCH    8” ALLEN KEY
PIPE PLIERSgV, STEENBERGEN HOLLANDDRAIN
kef: L-90 Super
TECHNICAL ITEMIZED DESCRIPTION
OF THE
DRAINCLEANING MACHINE TYPE L-90 SuperSTEENBERGEN
/
HOLLANDDRAIN /
L-90 Super
Draincleaning machine in salty water resistant execution:
For    circumstances    where    drain    cleaning    has    to    be    performed
with    salty    water
and
where it might be expected that no fresh water will be
available for cleaning of the pump system a Tier
system after operation with salty
water,
Steenbergen     insists     on     providing     the     pumpsystem     of     its     drain
J
.               -i____ - —. — 1
cleaning     mac 
-* m ■» r>/-i
,/hinoc i
]n
salty water resistant execution.
The salty water resistant execution of
the pumpsystem mainly consists of:
-  Suction strainer in synthetic material
-  Nipples to suction hose in stainless steel execution
-  Suction pipe to pump in stainless steel execution
-  suction chamber to pump in stainless steel execution
-  Pump valve case in special coated execution
-  Ball valves and seatings in stainless steel execution
-  Pressure relief valve in stainless steel execution
-  Pressure limitation valve in stainless steel execution
-  Bypass line valve in stainless steel execution
-  Nipple and pipings on pressure side in stainless steel execution
- Turnable coupling to hosereel in special seawaterresistant bronze execution
-  Central pipe in hosereel in stainless steel execution
All technical data are subject to modification without prior notice.
STEENBERGEN HOLLANDDRAIN B.V.steenbergen                 / HOLLANDDRAIN I
L 90 Super
Group 4: REEL WITH FLUSHING HOSE
Flushing hose
:
Jet Head
The flushing hose, consisting of a special selected material type, which copes  with the pump's  pulsation, is  composed of a first part of hose with *eel reinforcement, a second composed part or hose without steel reinforcement and a final part of 5/8" hose.
The composing parts  of the flushing hose are interconnected by  means  of hose clamps with special copper rings for tightening.
Connected to the end of the flushing hose
and
provided
with
rearwards 
directed
holes 
for
generating
the
reaction
power
for
Reel drive
Group 5: CLAMPING DEVICE
penetration of the hose into the drain and one forward directed hole for spouting away of the dirt in the drain pipe.
The      jet      head      assy      is      exchangeable      for different diameters of drainpipe.
While penetrating into the drainpipe, the flushing hose is  pulled from the reel (and consequently  the reel rotates) by  the pulling force created by  the jethead. A, by  handlever in/out shiftable, driving mechanism, drives  the reel when winding up the hose, via a V-belt pulley  mechanism and a chain transmission, from the pump shaft.
A    device    for    clamping    the    copper    rings    of the      hose      clamps      is      delivered      with      the machine.     The     device     consists     of     a     split circular     steel     frame,     which     can     be     opened in    order    to    locate    the    hose    with    the    clamp 22      i1hS       Aenteir‘      After.th«.      frame      is      closed around    the    clamp,    it    is    tightened    by    means 
\ CJ'
ew in9
thightening bolts with their press-blocks
-   'uin,?n           re?u1ar           sequence       the       4
Vice
Connected      to      the      machine's      chassis operating the clamping device.
forL 90 Super
Pulsation
Pressure line
Quick relief valve
Pressure limitation valve
Average working pressure Pressure gauge
Coupling to reel Reel
STEENBERGEN i hollanddrain
The suction hose is  about 10 m. long at 1,5" diameter. Incorporated in the suction line on the machine, an airchamber, ensuring a most constant suction flow.
The        suction        hose        is        coiled-up        for transport on a coil-holder.
A    bypass    line    from    the    suction    line    to    the pressure      side      of      the      first      cylinder      is fitted.     A     pulsation     on     the     pressure     side of     the     pump     is     created     via     this     bypass line.     The     bypass     line     can     be     closed     by means of a built-in valve.
The pressure line is  composed of steel tubing and rubber hose and connects  the pump's  pressure side to the reel, holding the flushing hose.
Incorporated in the pressure line, a hand lever operated quick  relief valve for immediate relief of pressure, for safety reasons. This  valve is  also used during starting up.
Incorporated in the pressure line,
the adjustable springloaded pressure
limitation valve, which can be set at
every required pressure up to the maximum
of 80 Bar.
The    average    working    pressure    is    45    up    to 65 kg/cm’
A         pressure         gauge         is         built-in         for controlling      the      discharge      pressure      of      the pump.   The   gauge   can   be   shut   off   from   the pressure   line   by   means   of   a   valve   in   order to   avoid   unnecessary   wear   of   the   gauqe   due to pulsation.
The pump pressure line is  connected to the rotating reel with the flushing hose via a watertight-sealed, turnable coupling.
The reel consists  of a heavy  constructed steel sheet drum, which is  supported with its  axle by  2 reel supports. A suncover is mounted over the reel to protect the hose from direct radiation.I Si STEENBERGEN I tP? HOLLANDDRAIN
L-90 Super
Group I: PUMP DRIVE SYSTEM
Group 2: CHASSIS Wheels and axle
Drawbar
Hose guidance device
Group 3: PUMPSYSTEM Pump
A      standard      cardan      shaft,      delivered      with the     machine,     drives     the     pump     drivingshaft from     the     standarized     P.T.O.     of     a     tractor at 540 r.p.m.
The    machine's    chassis    consists    of    a    welded steel structure in Heavy Duty execution.
One heavy  and sturdy  type of axle is connected to the lower side of the chassis. On each end of the axle a wheel with a rubber pneumatic  tyre of size 10.00 x 15.
Suitable to connect the machine to every  type of suitable tractor or jeep equipped with towing eye.
In vertical sense turnable con-nected to the machine's  chassis  is  the holder pipe wherein the guidance-roller-carrying pipe can be shifted up or down.
The carrying pipe holds  on its  topend the hose guidance roller. The carrying pipe can be fixed in required position by  mean of a fixation screw. The holder pipe is kept in vertical position by  2 steelwires which are connected to the 2 side arms  on the holder pipe. The 2 steelwires  are on the chassis  side wound around an axle, carried on a support frame on the machine's  chassis. The axle is  turned around by  a hand lever and in position secured by a ratchet gear.
A        3        cylinder,        se        1        f-prim1ng        , positive            displacement            pistonpump            • delivering     150     1/min     at     a     max.     discharqe pressure     of     80     bar.     The     pump     shall     be driven     at     540     r.p.m.     max.     at     the     tractor
P.T.O.
The suction line of the pump consists of a steel pipe to which the suction hose is fitted. The flexible suction hose 1s at
its end equipped with a strainer.
ur
Suction lineSTEENBERGEN
HOLLANDDRAIN
Rqksstraahveg  WO  PB.  70n  Te'  (O)186J  -  WOO 3286 ZG Klaaswaal Hollano Fax (0)1664 • 1602
OPERATION
PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS
This machine is entirely safe when used properly. For safeguarding personnel read the instructions here below:
-   check rubber hoses and nipples for external damage.
-   the operator is held responsible for the safety of the
individuals around the machine.
-   pay special attention to instructions for adjusting pressure
relief valve.
-   check steel cable of hose-guidewheel for signs of damage and deterioration.
-  do not drive over machine's hoses with any vehicle, especially 
the suction hose which can be damaged by doing so.
-  machine can in general be operated by one person it is, however, advisable to have another person available for general
assistance.
- when connecting machine behind the tractor the hinge-pin should 
be secured firmly so that it cannot get loose during transport.
The working principle of the machine
The cleaning action of the machine is achieved by the water jets leaving the jet head at the end of the high-pressure hose. 
The forward directed jet, leaving from the front hole, spouts away 
any obstacles which might prevent entering of the jet-head further into the drain pipe. The 3 backward directed jets, leaving from
the rear holes, spout away the dirt to the outfall-end of the
drain.
These 3 jets do an very good cleaning job when the hose is pulled back to the the entrance, because they are acting then like a
broom sweeping out all the dirt which is left.
The forward pull causing the penetration of the jet head and the
hose into the drain pipe is created by the reaction force of the 3 
high velocity water-jets leaving the jet-head at the rear.
The pulling force is sufficient to pull the hose into the drain 
and to unwind it automatically from the hose drum.
The well-balanced composition of purp, drum mechanism, hose and jet head tf the HCLLAKITFAIK L90 Super mikvS it pcssible tc clean dram ;ipe length up to 500
r-STEENBERGEN
Rijkssiraatweg 100
_
4?? HOLLANDDRAIN
"el (0)i66J - 1000
3286ZG Klaaswaai Holland Fax (0)1864 - 1602
IMF OaTANT
Pulling cut of the hose from the drain pipe is done by driving the hcse-drum from the cardan shaft via the pump's gear-case. A coupling in the drive line to the hose drum is engaged when the hose is pulled out and disengaged when the hose pulls itself into the drain.
The 3-cylinder high-pressure pump is self priming. Although the suction hose is 10 metres long, it is advisable to use the minimum possible suction height in order to obtain the maximum pump efficiency.
The components parts of the complete cleaning hose are of materials, length and diameters, which have been carefully selected by the manufacturer to achieve the optimal performance of the machine.
The use of other types of hoses, diameters and or length may cause incorrect working of the machine.
When to clean the machine.
The efficiency of the l-90 Super
operation in drains immediately after substantial rain. The cleaning of composite drainage systems.
ls  improved by its
For     cleaning     composite     systems     consisting     of     a     collector     drain with laterals, the following working sequence should be adopted:
a.    start with cleaning the collector drain.
b.    the cleaning of the lateral drains must be started from the highest installed one. In order to clean the laterals, procede
as follows:
1.   dig out the connection
2.   take out the first 3 or 4 drain tubes in order to make room for penetration of the hose (if possible) .
3.   feed-in the hose in a slight curve so that it does not touch 
the rim of the drain tube and smoothly seeks its way into the drain.
A plastic drain pipe must be dug-out far enough for a smooth penetration of the cleaning hose.
c.    clean the collector dram again after cleaning of the laterals. Remark
It will generally be the case that at the beginning of a lateral, no direct water supply to the machine will be available. Vater must therefore be supplied to the machine from acontainer crrom the open drain to which the collector runs, by means of a small motor p»p sucking Iro, that drain .»« a long-d.Hv.ry hose to th. cleaning machine./ '-^VSTEENBERGEN I HOLLANDDRAIN
Rijksstraaiweg 100 PB 7011 Tei (0)1664 • WOO
Cleaning nf
.
3286 ZG Kiaaswaai Holland Pax (0)186-^ • 1602
----------
!13  £l
-
^^ns ^lrectly_runnj g off
n             lnto an open drain
-• put the machine with its towing tractor on the ditch bank 
opposite the drain pipe outlet m such a way that the hose can 
easily run-off the drum's lower end into the drain pipe. 
Leading-in of the hose in this way prevents it from touching 
the pipe-end to ensure a smooth running-off or on of the hose
over the entire drum-width.
2.   The reverse roller can be used in case the machine cannot be
positioned on the bank opposite the drain (see Fig.l). 
Position the machine over the drainpipe cutlet in such a way 
that the hose runs off from the drum low side.
Guide the hose over the reverse roller into the drain pipe. 
Lower the reverse roller far enough into the ditch so that the
hose, runnning off the roller can move in a straight line into 
the drain pipe.
The working principle with reel, (see fig.l)
1.      Put    the    machine    on    the    ditch    bank    where    the    drain    pippe    outlet end is.
The drain pipe cutlet should be on the lefthand side of the
machine.
Lower the reverse roller far enough into the ditch so that the
hose running off the roller can move in a straight line into 
the drain pipe.
2.       Put    the    suction    hose    with    an    extra    strainer    box,    into    the    water of the ditch (the basket may be wrapped with a jute sack).
3.       Remove    the    concrete    cutfall    pipes    or    protect    the    hose    from    wear on the edges of the pipe.
4.   Check the tightness of the jet head on the high-pressure hose.
5.   Insert the hose with jet head by hand about 1 metre into the
drain pipe (ensure rolling-off of the hose from the bottom of
the hose drum).
6.   Start the engine and run the pump at low speed. Open the
valve on the pressure side so that and the water runs-off from
the bottom of the valve . This must be done to pump the air
out of the system.
7.       Open    the    valve    fitted    on    the    first    cylinder    (this    valve    should always be in open position during pulling of the cleaning
hose).I
«■
tai
■
ta
at
a
a
K
I
I.STEENBERGEN
HOLLANDDRAIN /
Rijksslraahveg 100 PB 7011 Tei. (0)166- - ’.000
S.    c • i
ru
,
3286 ZG Klaaswaal Holland Fax (0) 1664 - l602
•       .he /  .
ail e
c ,ldfel. th6 frfcssure-gauge.
9.       How    close    the    relief    valve    by    pulling    lever    upwards.    The
pressure will now build up in the pressure line.
10.   Increase the engine speed until pressure gauge on the pump 
indicates a pressure of 65 up to 80 kg/cm. Close the pressure
gauge valve for protection of the gauge. During normal
operation check the delivery pressure twice per day.
11.   During the first fifty metres of penetration, the cleaning 
hose will tend, due to low friction, to run too fast into the
pipe, therefore decrease the speed of penetration by
decreasing the engine-speed.
Damaged drain systems
The    cleaning    hose    pulls    itself    into    the    drain    pipe    with    a    speed    of 2-10 centimetres per pressure-pulse.
This speed depends on the gradient of the drain pipe. If the drain is interrupted (broken) the jet head will leave the drain pipe and penetrate into the surrounding soil, and a considerable amount of cleaning water will be injected into the soil. This will be indicated by a decrease in the amount of cleaning water running out of the drain pipe and from the fact that cleaning water suddenly carries a lot more dirt.
The place where the jet head has left the drain pipe may be deduced after marking the hose. If the jet head left the drain pipe in an upward direction, it will appear. The surface of the field and the place of breakage of the drain pipe is easily located and the hose could be recovered.
If the jethead left the drain pipe to either side or downwards it will be almost impossible to recover the hose.
The jet head will stop at the end of the drain.
Pulling out the hose and rewinding it onto—the reel
1.   Decrease the engine speed to half speed.
2.   Close the valve on the first cylinder.
3 Move the engaging lever of the reel drive system to the right so that the V-belt drive is engaged and the hose reel starts to turn Pulling-out of the hose is to be done at moderate speed in order to achieve the highest benefit of the secondary (broom) cleaning action of the jet head which allows for optimal cleaning of the drain pipe.
a TaI-p care the hose is rewound properly onto the reel. Cross
4. Take c
vinaing of th hos mig)
m Qht lead to disconnecting cf the hose- i
fce
_ outZ
^-gV,     STEENBERGEN <^r HOLLANDDRAIN
RijksstraaHveg  WO  PB  701l  Tel  (0)1664  •  WOO 3286 ZG Kiaasv.aai Holland Fax (0)1864 - 1602
hcse from dangerous swinging. The hose shall always be wound onto the reel, filled with water.
5.   Vhen the jet head is about to leave the drainpipe the relief valve should be operated by hand in order to relieve the water pressure immediately when the jet head leaves the drainpipe. Open the valve on the first cylinder again before closing the relief valve and increasing the engine's speed.
6.   It is advisable to clamp the drain cleaning nozzle in the benche vice of the machine.
MAINTENANCE
Preventive maintenance
The pump's crank case is filled with 13 litres lubrication oil, 
type Spirax HD 90.
The oil must be changed every 1000 operation-hours or every 6 months (whatever comes first).
The oil is drained-off through the drainplug (Item 951-Group 1400.)
Regularly check the air pressure of the tyres, which should be 3 Atm. Bearing and the spiders of the cardan shaft shall, be greased every week during regular operation.
Hose repair with the aid of the hose clamp device
-   Using a hack saw, cut the damaged part out of the hose.
-   Slide the hose clamps onto the hose ends.
-   Position the hose ends over the connector pipe.
-   Put the complete assembly in the clamp device. Pay attention that the proper size of clamp elements are used, i.e. for the 1"
-   3/4” - and 5/8” hose and that the elements are properly placed in numbered sequence in the device.
-   Position the clamp rings properly over the hose ends and tighten the clamp elements again. Repeat this over the total hose circumference and in the same way for the other rings.
- Open the clamp device and remove the hose.L/
; STEENBERGEN
45? HOLLANDDRAIN
Rilkssnaaiweg  100  PB  70n  Tei  (0)166-2  -  "000 3266 ZG Kiaasv.aai Holland Fax (0)166-2 - 1602
STORAGE
Long storage of the machine or frost prevention
- Store the machine, when possible, frost free.
-   If frost free storage is not possible, drain the pump's cylinderbody via the two drain plugs item 952,group 1400.
-  Remove the 3 pump valve-covers and lift the ball valves (943) from the seats in order to release the water from the cylinders.
-  Take off the hose at the reel connection item 13, group 1420 and blow the water, out of the cleaning hose using copressed air. 
If no compressed air is available, drain the hose in another
way.
-   Grease the ball valves of the pump and its seatings when extended storage is expected.
-   The machine should be properly protected from sunrays whenever it is stored for extended periods in tropical climate
conditions. Strong sunlight might atack the hose, dry it out, and make it useless.DITCHfl fl fl fl fl
■
i N
fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl fl
J
J
3T3ENBEHGEN
*orkng auth reverse roll from s.iae site of the ditch. * e r e dram-end located
FIG.1
IsT
[/■® « o^S^I
' .....'
DRAINAGE      GLEANING
HOSE GUIDER
USE HOSE GUIDER
to prevent hose damage
on sharp edges !
COST SAVING BY
- INCREASE LIFETIME HOSE
• FASTER OPERATION
• LESS WATER NEEDED
HOSE GUIDER
r  Damage hose
NO DAMAGE HOSESpare parts
I
I
Type
I         Serial
.WI. 600Q. WT4
I
I
Prod, Year J992 Chassis nr. HD2700
I Motor nr.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
!
Steenbergen Hollanddrain B.V.
Rijksstraatweg 100
Tel (0)186* '
Fax (0)1864-1602
STEENBERGEN HOLLANDDRAIN
Postbus 7011
3286 ZG Klaaswaal Hollano
Telex 24653 stexa niWZATERTRAILER
<V«e, STKBNBBBOB1V / HOLLAKDDHAnr /
TYPE WT6000
2980             1410
331
10
70SPARE PARTS BOOK
PAGE 1
MACHINETYPE : WT 6000
CHASSISNUMBER
: HD 2700
PRODUCTION YEAR: 1992
SERIALNUMBER
• WT4
DESTINATION : ETHIOPIE
DELIVERY DATE
: 4.12.1992
CUSTOMER NUMBER: 118232
WEIGHT
: 2.855 KG
NAME : WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY P.O. BOX 5673
ADDIS ABABA
ETHIOPIA
BWGRP 0010
DESCRIPTION
CHASSIS
QTY
COMPONENT
1
01.3.5339.00A01
0070
WHEEL AXLE
1
46.3.2451.00A01
0331
P.T.O. SHAFT
1
W2100.1010MM.A01
1410
2980
3920
SUCTION SYSTEM
1
29.3.0919.00A01
WATER TANK
1
27.3.5213.00A01
AIR PUMP
1
MEC.5AO1
4270
PARKING BRAKE
1
31.3.5414.00A01—a
8TEENBBHOBN HOLLANDDRAIN
BGR. ■ 0010
NR. : 01 3.5339 00A01CHASSIS
STEENBEHGEN hollanddrain
0010
01.3.5339.00A01
ITEM                      QUANTITY
PARTNUMBER
DESCRIPTION
1
1
1
1
6
6
01.3.5339.00
01.2.5339.01
01.2.5339.02
01.2.5339.03
1212.200050
0010.200
CHASSIS
CHASSIS
TOW BAR
SUPPORT
WHEEL
HEXAGON
SCREW
HEXAGONAL
NUT
6
6189.200
SPRING WASHERSTEENBEHGEN HOLLANDDRAIN
a
a
a
a
a
<
a
a
BGR. ; 0070
NR. : 46.3.2451.00A01
904        901 902
903
1
j
iWHEEL AXLE
/STEENBERGEN
/ HOLLA.NDDRAIN
BGR. : 0070
NR. : 46.3.2451.00A01
ITEM
1
2
3
901
902
903
904
QUANTITY
1
4
4
4
4
4
8
PARTNUMBER
89601112
83002150
58100399
83000001
83000002
83000003
83000004
DESCRIPTION
TANDEM AXLE
WHEEL RIM
TYRE
TAPER ROLLER
BEARING
TAPER      ROLLER
BEARING
OIL SEAL
BRAKE LININGSTEENBEBGKN
hollanddhain
BGR. : 0331
NR. : W2100 1010MM.A01P.T.O.SHAFT
BGR. : 0331
NR. : W2100.1010MM.A01
ITEM 500
901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908
QUANTITY
1
2
2
1
1
0,85 M 0,85 M
1
1
PARTNUMBER
W2100.1010MM.
10.10.00
10.01.00
10.48.00
10.49.00
75.06.00
75.12.00
SCO5.75O.BU. SCO5.75O.BI.
DESCRIPTION
CARDAN SHAFT SINGLE JOINT UNIVERSAL JOINT
FORK
FORK
PROF IL OOA
PROF IL OA PROTECTION PIPE HALF PROTECTION PIPE HALFL
8TEEMBERGEN
HOLLANDDRAIN
7
BGR. : 1410
NR. : 29.3.0919.00A01SUCTION SYSTEM
I STEENBERGEN
[ HOLLA1WDRAJK
BGR. : 1410
NR. : 29.3.O919.OOAO1
ITEM
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
901
902
QUANTITY
2
PARTNUMBER 6.10.40.00
DESCRIPTION
HOSE CONNECTION
4
2
162/174
6.00.05.04
HOSE CLIP
1
1
6.20.40.00
279647
HOSE
HOSE CONNECTION
SUCTION BASKET
12,5 M
1
DIAM.6MM. DSL.6MM.
NYLON CORD
1 SE
1
6.15.00.00
6.65.00.00
D-CLOSING
BRACKET
O-RING
SET
WITH
RIVETS8TKENBEHGEN
HOLLAKDDRAIN
BGR. : 2980
______ _____ ________ _____________________________________NR ; ?7 3.5213.00A01
910
914=INC 929
925
915=INC 930WATER TANK
STEENBEROEN ' hollanbdrain
BGR. : 2980
NR. : 27.3.5213.OOAO1
ITEM                      QUANTITY
1
1
901 8
902 8
903
904
l
l
905 3
906 3
907
l
908                       1
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
l
l
i
l
l
i
l
l
917                       2
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
l
l
l
i
l
i
i
925                        2
926                        2
927                        3
928                        3
929
930
l
i
PARTNUMBER
6000L.
27.2.5213.01
27.2.5213.02
27.2.5213.03
27.2.5213.04
27.2.5213.05
27.2.5213.06
27.2.5213.07
27.2.5213.08
27.2.5213.09
27.2.5213.10
27.2.5213.11
27.2.5213.12
27.2.5213.13
27.2.5213.14
27.2.5213.15
LKM.l        1/2" 6.OO.OO.72
6.03.05.00
6.01.05.00
6.04.05.00
6.06.05.00
6.09.05.72
6.05.05.72
6.02.05.72
6.08.05.00 6.89.00.00 O.2O.OO.4O 0.20.05.40 6.65.00.00 3.65.00.00
DESCRIPTION
TANK
HOOKBOLT
NUT
SEALING
COVER
CLAMPING STRIP
HOSE BRACKET
RUBBER PLATE
SAFETY
SAFETY BALL
HOSE
VACUUM PRESSURE GAUGE MOISTURE RESERVOIR
HOSE
COUPLING PIECE COUPLING PIECE BALL COCK VALVE COCK
FORK
ROD
NUT
RING
UPPER CAP
CASING
SLIDE
O-RING CONTROL SET GAUGE GLASS GLASS
O-RING
O-RINGZ
/W E E                   ; e n
huLLAjmuuh-AIN
BGR    3920
NR, : MEC5A01
26      25        2       24     23
43      29       28AIR PUMP
BGR. : 3920 NR. : MEC.5A01
ITEM
QUANTITY
PARTNUMBER
DESCRIPTION
1
1
AM.l
ROTOR HOUSING
2
1
AM. 2
GEAR WHEEL CASE
3
1
AM. 3
COVER
4
2
AM.4
GASKET
5
1
AM. 5
ROTOR
6
1
M/AM.6
KEY
7
7
PALETTA MEC.5
PUMP VANE
8
1
M/AM.8
HOSE PILLAR
9
1
M/AM.9
HEX.SOCKET SET SCREW
10
1
AM. 10
OIL DIPSTICK
12
3
6307.2RS1
BEARING
13
1
M/AM.13
GASKET
14
1
M/AM.14
FLANGE
15
1
M/AM.15
GREASE NIPPLE
16
12
M/AM.16
BOLT
17
12
M/AM.17
RING
18
4
M/AM.18
RING
21
1
M/AM.21
PLUG
22
1
AM.22NW
HANDLE
23
1
M/AM.23
PLUG
24
1
M/AM.24
RING
25
1
6304
BEARING
26
1
M/AM.26
GEAR WHEEL 55 T.
27
1
35X62X10SL
OIL SEAL
28
1
M/AM.28
GASKET
29
1
M/AM.29
COVER
30
1
M/AM.30
OIL GAUGE GLASS
31
1
AM.31NW
CONNECTION PIECE
32
1
AM. 32
NUT
33
1
M/AM.33
GEAR WHEEL 21 T.
34
14
M/AM.34
BOLT
35
14
M/AM.35
RING
36
1
AM. 36
EXHAUST
37
1
AM. 37
GASKET
38
1
AM. 38
COVER
39
1
AM. 39
GASKET
40
1
M/AM.40
RING
41
1
M/AM.41
BALL
42
1
AM. 42
GASKET
43
1
M/AM.43
PROTECTION CAP
44
1
M/AM.44
OILFLOW REGULATOR
45
1
AM. 45
PRESSURE SPRING
46
1
M/AM.46K.
HOSE
47
1
AM.47NW
CONNECTOR
48
1
M/AM.46L.
HOSE
49
1
M/AM.49
HOSE
51
1
M/AM.51
COUPLING PIECE
52
3
M/AM.52
ANGLE HOSE PILlAR
99
1
M/AM.99
OIL PUMP CPL.
100
1
AM.100
GASKET SET
500
1
MEC.5
AIR PUMP CPL.<
4
8TBKNBXBOBN hollanddratn
BGR. : 4270
NR. 31.3.5414.00A01
II M
N
I
acm cn kj m ld
PARKING BRAKE
ITEM
1
QUANTITY
1
PARTNUMBER
884.600.618.270
BGR. : 4270
NR. : 31.3.5414.00A01 description
PARKING BRAKE
3,25 M
6X19X8 TWK.
WIRE CABLE
4
KLEM 5/16”
WIRE CLAMP
2
PROF.KOUS 8MM.
GUIDE LOOP
2
0SL.10MM.
D-CLOSING
1
207007070000
CABLE REEL
901
2
O6O1.12O.O
ADJUSTING SCREW'vgr STEENBERGEN
HOLLANDDRAIN
STEENBERGEN HOLLANDDRAIN
Watertrailer : type WT 6000
The Steenbergen llollanddrain watertrailer consists of a heavy and welded steel constructure in heavy duty execution with swiveling tandem tyres, a galvanized tank and a PTO driven airpump. The machine is suitable to connect to every average class agricutural tractor with a 540 rpm PTO shaft. Recommendable is a tractor of about 50 HP because of the
total weight of the machine in completely filled condition.
About 8000 kilos.
OPERATION:
Prevention of accidents:
This     machine     is     entirely     safe     when     used     properly.     For     safeguarding     personel read the instructions here below:
Check     regular     the     tyres,     hoses,     couplings     and     locks     of
rear     "door",     lenght     and     condition     of     PTO     shaft,     valves
and the oil level of the airpump.
The     operator     is     held     responsible     for     the     safety     of     the
individuals around or near the machine.
Check    regular    the    steel    cables    of    the    brake    mechanism
for signs of damage or deteriation.
Do not drive over the machine hoses with any vehicle.
The machine can in general be operated by one person, it is, however advisable to have another person available for general assistance. Special when this machine will be applied in combination with a Steenbergen Hollanddrain flushing machine.
When the machine will be connected behind a agricultural tractor, the hinge pin should be secured firmly so that it cannot get loose during the transport.
THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THE MACHINE:
The watertrailer does have a capacity of 6000 liters. The watertrailer will be filled by wans of a airpump. The airpump will create a vacuum inside the watertank. When the inlet valve will be opened, the tank will fill itself by meant of pressure difference. By means of underpressure inside the tank en standard pressure on the waterlevel the tank will be filled.
1STEENBERGEN
HOLLANDDRAIN
The     contens     of     the     watertrailer     will     be     made     visible     by     level     eyes     on     the front of the watertank (PTO side).
For discharging the tank, it won't be necessary to use the airpump. The
t m*khine can be conr>ected directly to the outlet of the
watertrailer at the rear side of the machine.
OPERATION:
Filling of the tank:
Be    sure    that    the    machine    or    combination    has    been    put    on    the    parking    brake. Be sure that the lenght of the cardan shaft is correct.
Connect    the    suction    hose(s)    to    the    side    inlet    of    the    tank    and
put the strainer in the waterreservoir.
Connect the watertrailer PTO shaft to the 540 rpm PTO shaft
of the tractor. Fix the outer cover of the PTO shaft.
Start tractor engine and engage the PTO shaft at idle speed.
Put    the    lever    on    the    topside    of    the    airpump    on    position    ''suction”    and    open manual the inlet valve of the tank.
Increase engine speed up to max. 500 rpm .
Pay special attention to the grease system of the airpump during operation. On top of the pump is a oilflow regulator with check glass. The oil should drip and not flow constantly.
Check the filling and level through the leveleyes.
If the tank is filled (std. advisable up to 90% of the total capacity) shut manual the inlet valve and disengage the PTO shaft and decrease at the same time the engine speed.
Disconnect the suction hose.
When the suction hoses cannot be left at the reservoir, they can be laid on the suction hose carriers on the side of the watertrailer. But after filling the tank, the suction hose will stay filled with water, because of the non return valve in the strainer. Lift the non return valve of the strainer by means of the rope which is connected to a lever on the non return valve, and the water will flow away. When the suction hoses are empty they are much better to handle.
Release parking brake.
Machine is ready now for transportation to the work location.
Be      aware      of      the      fact      that      a      completely      filled      watertrailer      does      have      a weight of about 8000 kilos.
Discharging of watertrailer:
When the trailer arrives at the workspot, the combination should be put on the parking brake again. For discharging or when the trailer will have a function of water reservoir, it won't be necessary to use the airpump.
The suction hose can be connected to the rear outlet of the watertrailer by means of special adaptor. When the drainflushing machine is ready for operation, the outlet valve can be manualy opened, and the water flows to the drainflusher.STEENBERGEN
HOLLA NDDRAIN
Safety:
The operation pressure of this machine is adjusted at 0,8 bar overpressure, and tne pressure relief valves are normally secured. But in case the water trailer will be used in combination with the flushing machines, the adjusted overpressure is not relevant. Changing the pressure regulator, or other items of the machine without permission of the manufacturer will automatically result in lapse of warranty or any reponsibi1ity to the manufacturer.
Summary:
This machine does have a very long lifetime if it will be used and serviced properly. It is recommendable to put the agricultural tractor ip line with the machine during using of the PTO shaft.
Maintenance:
The     watertrailer     is     equipped     with     a     double     moisture     reservoir,     1     on     top     of the tank and one in front of the tank.
This reservoir on the front of the tank must be tapped after every 2 to 3 fillings. On the bottom of the reservoir there is a cock. When the water trailer is empty and put in line with the tractor, the airpump must be switched on position pressure, which normally never will be used. The tractor must be started and PTO must be enqaged to drive the pump, (rpm between 300 and 500 rpm). If it will be visible on the pressure meter that the pump build up a oressure of about 0,5 bar, the cock on the bottom must be opened and closed again, repeat this once or twice. Hereafter the PTO must be stopped and the airpump must be switched to the suction position again.
For cleaning of the inside of the tank it is possible, when the tank is complete empty, to loosen the hook bolts of the rear cover, and to swing away the rearcover.
When     closing     the     tank     again,     be     sure     that     the     sealing     strip     is     still     in proper position.
Every 10 operation hours:
Check oillevel of pump. Oillevel must always be visible on the dipstick. If necessary refill with oil according the standard ISO VG
220.
Oil    level    of    the    drive    case    must    be    checked,    see    oillevel    eye    on    the
side     of     the     housing.     Refill     if     necessary     with     oil     acc.     std.     SAE     90
(cardan oil).
Every 40 operation hours:
Check wheel nuts and adjust if required.
Check     protection     of     PTO     shaft     and     grease     the     joints     and     the     profile
tube of the shaft.
Every year:
H
Exchanqe oil of drive case and pump. ._ . . Check wheel bearings and lining of the the brakes, and -If required adjust them,
3L
STEENBERGEN
HOLLANDDRAIN
If      there      are      questions,      problems      or      any      other      information      required,      please apply to the SERVICE of:
STEENBERGEN HOLLANDDRAIN B.V.
P.O.BOX 7011
3286 ZG KLAASWAAL
HOLLAND
TEL. 01864-1000
FAX. 01864-1602
4
/T

< <

Summery

Amibara Drainage Project Summary

Amibara Drainage Project Operation and Maintenance Manual

Date: January 1996

Prepared by: Sir M. MacDonald & Partners Limited, Cambridge, England

1. Project Overview

The Amibara Drainage Project Phase I includes:

Sub-surface drainage system (1010 km total length)
Surface drainage system (50.24 km total length)
Maintenance of existing and new infrastructure

            Key Components
            
                    System
                    Components
                    Total Length
                
                    Sub-surface
                    PVC pipe drains (65mm-335mm), manholes, outfall structures
                    1010 km
                
                    Surface
                    Deep open drains, tertiary drains, cross drainage structures
                    50.24 km

System	Components	Total Length
Sub-surface	PVC pipe drains (65mm-335mm), manholes, outfall structures	1010 km
Surface	Deep open drains, tertiary drains, cross drainage structures	50.24 km

2. Sub-Surface Drainage System

2.1 Design Criteria

Drain spacing calculated using Hooghaudt Formula
Minimum slopes: 0.001 for laterals, 0.0005 for collectors
Drain depths: 1.6-2.1m (laterals), 2.5-3.0m (collectors)
Manhole spacing: ~350m on collector drains

2.2 Maintenance Requirements

Component	Maintenance Activities	Frequency
Pipe Drains	Flushing, inspection for blockages	Every 5 years (more frequent initially)
Manholes	Inspection, removal of deposited material	Annual inspection
Outfall Structures	Inspection for damage, rodent nests	Annual inspection

3. Surface Drainage System

3.1 Maintenance Requirements

Annual silt removal (estimated 75,360 m³/year)
Weed control in shallow drains
Inspection of cross drainage structures

3.2 Equipment Requirements

Long-reach excavators (14m+ outreach)
Bulldozers for spoil spreading
Tipper trucks for spoil removal

4. Maintenance Equipment

            Provided Equipment
            
                    Equipment
                    Quantity
                    Purpose
                
                    L-90 Super Drain Cleaners
                    2
                    Pipe flushing (80 bar pressure)
                
                    WT-6000 Water Tank Trailers
                    2
                    Water supply for flushing
                
                    Excavators
                    3
                    Surface drain maintenance
                
                    Magnetic Locators
                    4
                    Locating buried structures

Equipment	Quantity	Purpose
L-90 Super Drain Cleaners	2	Pipe flushing (80 bar pressure)
WT-6000 Water Tank Trailers	2	Water supply for flushing
Excavators	3	Surface drain maintenance
Magnetic Locators	4	Locating buried structures

5. Maintenance Organization

5.1 Staffing Requirements

2 drain flushing crews (each: machine, tanker, tractor, 3 personnel)
1 repair crew (backhoe, 3 personnel)
Additional engineer for supervision

5.2 Maintenance Priorities

Areas where leaching has been completed
Previously abandoned land back in production
Banana growing areas with history of high water tables
Cotton growing areas in production
Areas currently under bush but potentially cultivable

6. Appendices Summary

Appendix 1: Methods for checking pipe system functionality using piezometers
Appendix 2: Information on iron ochre clogging in drains
Appendix 3: Sample Form M11 for reporting sub-surface drainage issues
Appendix 4: As-constructed drawings of drainage systems
Appendix 5: Operation manuals for L-90 Super and WT-6000 equipment

            Key Recommendations
            Implement comprehensive inspection program starting 1996 irrigation season
Focus initial maintenance on priority areas with active irrigation
Control bush growth along drain lines to prevent root intrusion
Maintain spare parts inventory for quick repairs
Monitor system performance and adjust maintenance schedule as needed

        